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DNPAO Home

• About Us
• State and Local Programs
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  • State Physical Activity and Nutrition Program
    • Recipients
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  • High Obesity Program
    • Recipients
    • HOP Publications
    • Past Program
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  • Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH)
    • REACH 20th Anniversary
    • 2022 REACH Lark Award Challenge
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• What We Do
• Health Equity
  • Work Toward Health Equity
  • Monitoring & Research
  • Health Equity Resources
  • State Health Equity Toolkit
    • Framing the Issue Quiz
    • Program Assessment and Capacity Building Quiz
    • Gathering and Using Data Quiz
    • Partnerships Quiz
    • Partnerships Case Study Video
    • Selecting Strategies Case Study Video
    • Monitoring and Evaluation Quiz
    • Sustainability Quiz
    • Sustainability Case Study Video
    • Cultural Competence Case Study Video
    • Using Social Media
    • About CDC Policy
  • Practitioner’s Guide for Advancing Health Equity
  • Designing Community Health Efforts with Health Equity in Mind
• Proven Strategies
  • Nutrition
    • Healthier Food Retail Action Guide
  • Breastfeeding
• Data & Statistics
  • Healthy People 2030
• Applied Research Groups
• Resources & Publications
  • Community Health Assessment aNd Group Evaluation (CHANGE) Tool
    • About CHANGE
    • Community Change Process and the CHANGE Tool
    • Five Sectors of the CHANGE Tool
    • Implementation and Evaluation
    • Action Steps
      • Action Step 1
      • Action Step 2
      • Action Step 3
      • Action Step 4
      • Action Step 5
      • Action Step 6
      • Action Step 7
      • Action Step 8
    • Additional Resources
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• Site Map

Nutrition

• About Nutrition
  • Why It Matters
  • What CDC Is Doing
  • Making A Difference
• Data & Statistics
  • State Indicator Report on Fruits and Vegetables, 2018
    • State Action Guides
  • Using the New Fruit and Vegetable Module in BRFSS
    • Data User’s Guide
  • Get the Facts: Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Consumption
  • Get the Facts: Drinking Water and Intake
  • Get the Facts: Added Sugars
• Infant and Toddler Nutrition
  • Breastfeeding
    • Recommendations and Benefits
    • What to Expect While Breastfeeding
    • How Much and How Often to Breastfeed
    • Pumping Breast Milk
    • Travel Recommendations for Nursing Families
    • Breastfeeding and Returning to Your Workplace
    • Weaning
  • Infant Formula Feeding
    • Choosing an Infant Formula
    • Infant Formula Preparation and Storage
    • How Much and How Often to Feed Infant Formula
    • Formula Shortage
  • Feeding From a Bottle
  • Foods & Drinks for 6 to 24 Month Olds
    • When, What, and How to Introduce Solid Foods
    • How Much and How Often to Feed
    • Choking Hazards
    • Foods and Drinks to Encourage
    • Foods and Drinks to Limit
    • Tastes and Textures
    • Fortified Cow’s Milk and Milk Alternatives
    • Picky Eaters and What to Do
    • Food Preparation and Safety
  • Mealtime
    • Signs Your Child is Hungry or Full
    • Mealtime Routines and Tips
    • Fingers, Spoons, Forks, and Cups
  • Vitamins & Minerals
    • Vitamin D
    • Iron
    • Zinc
  • Helpful Resources
    • Definitions
  • FAQs
• Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies (IYCF-E) Toolkit
  • IYCF-E Toolkit Introduction
  • Health Equity Considerations
  • Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
    • Preparedness
    • Response
    • Recovery
  • Facts About Infant Feeding During Emergencies
  • Supporting Optimal Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergency Shelter Settings
  • Creating Safe Family-Friendly Spaces in Emergency Shelters
  • Rapid Needs Assessment Intake for Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies
  • Concerns Regarding Donations of Infant Formula and Infant Feeding Items During an Emergency
  • Feeding Solid Foods During a Natural Disaster or Emergency
  • Hand Expression
  • Cup Feeding Infants During Emergencies
  • How to Prepare and Store Powdered Infant Formula During an Emergency
  • How to Clean Infant Feeding Items During Emergencies
  • Be Prepared: Emergency Preparation Checklist for Families with Infants and Young Children
  • Common Questions about Infant Feeding During Emergencies
  • Special Considerations for Emergencies
  • Infant Feeding Signage for Shelters
  • Additional Resources for IYCF-E
  • Glossary
• Healthy Food Environments
  • About Healthy Food Environments
  • Salad Bars to Schools
  • Toolkit for Creating Healthy Hospital Environments
  • Healthy Hospital Practice to Practice Series (P2P)
• Food Service Guidelines (FSG)
  • About Food Service Guidelines
  • Food Service Guidelines for Federal Facilities
  • Local Action Institute
• FSG Implementation Toolkit
  • Build a Foundation
    • Identify Your Team
    • Select Setting
    • Assess Food Environment
    • Develop Workplan
  • Strategize and Act
    • Add to Policies and Contracts
    • Apply Behavioral Design
    • Work With Vendors
    • Collaborate With Wellness Staff
    • Use Recognition Programs
  • Monitor and Evaluate
    • Monitor Guidelines
    • Evaluate Guidelines
    • Use Multiple Types of Data
      • Procurement Data
      • Point-of-Sales Data
      • Menu Data
      • Production Data
    • Choose Data According to Setting
    • Measure Reach and Impact
    • Track Co-Benefits
  • Expand Your Initiative
• Micronutrients
  • About Micronutrients
    • Why Micronutrients Matter
    • What We’re Doing
    • Filling Data Gaps
  • Global Program
  • Our Work
    • Burkina Faso
    • Ghana
    • Guatemala
    • Nepal
    • Rwanda
    • Uganda
    • United States
    • Laboratory Activities
    • Research Activities
  • Partners
  • Micronutrient Facts
  • Global Health & Nutrition Resources
• Guidelines & Recommendations
  • Nutrition Facts Label
• Resources Library
  • Benefits of Healthy Eating
  • Growth Chart Training
  • Food and Food System Resources During COVID-19 Pandemic

Physical Activity

• About Physical Activity
  • Why It Matters
  • What CDC Is Doing
  • Making A Difference
• Physical Activity Basics
  • Children
    • Aerobic, Muscle- and Bone-Strengthening: What Counts for School-Aged Children and Adolescents?
  • Healthy Pregnant and Postpartum Women
    • Physical Activity Recommendations for Pregnant and Postpartum Women
  • Adults
  • Older Adults
  • Adults with Chronic Health Conditions and Disabilities
  • Physical Activity for Different Groups
  • Benefits of Physical Activity
    • Physical Activity and Cancer
    • Health Benefits for Adults
    • Health Benefits for Children
  • Adding Physical Activity to Your Life
    • Making Physical Activity a Part of a Child’s Life
    • Making Physical Activity a Part of an Older Adult’s Life
    • Overcoming Barriers to Physical Activity
    • Places to Be Physically Active
  • Measuring Physical Activity Intensity
    • Perceived Exertion
    • Target heart Rate & Estimated Maximum Heart Rate
• Physical Activity and COVID-19
  • How to be Physically Active While Social Distancing
• Initiatives
  • Walking
  • Step It Up! Surgeon General’s Call to Action
• Active People, Healthy Nation
  • About Active People, Healthy Nation
  • Why Should People be Active?
  • Getting Started
    • Individual Influencers
    • Organizations
    • Community Champions
  • Strategies to Increase Physical Activity
  • Tools for Action
    • Arts and Culture
    • Education
    • Employers
    • Government
    • Health Care
    • Land Use and Community Design
    • Parks, Recreation and Green Spaces
    • Sports and Fitness
    • Transportation
  • Multimedia Tools
  • Moving Matters Campaign
• Community Strategies
  • Activity Friendly Routes to Everyday Destinations
    • Real-World Examples
    • Implementation Resource Guide
    • Visual Guide
    • Slides and Talking Points
  • Access to Places for Physical Activity
  • School and Youth Programs
  • Community-Wide Campaigns
  • Social Supports
  • Individual Supports
  • Prompts to Encourage Physical Activity
  • Equitable and Inclusive Access
  • Active Communities Tool (ACT)
    • Action Planning Guide
    • Assessment Modules
    • About the Assessment Modules
    • Module 1: Street Design and Connectivity
    • Module 2: Infrastructure to Accommodate Pedestrians
      • Module 2A: Infrastructure to Accommodate Pedestrians and Bicyclists
      • Module 2B: Infrastructure to Accommodate Pedestrians
      • Module 2C: Infrastructure to Accommodate Bicyclists
    • Module 3: Public Transportation
    • Module 4: Land Use Planning
    • Module 5: Parks and Recreational Facilities
    • Module 6: Schools
• Data & Statistics
  • Adult Physical Inactivity Prevalence Maps
  • Surveillance Systems
• Resources Library
  • Reports
    • Adults Need More Physical Activity
  • Guidelines & Recommendations
  • Fact Sheets & Infographics

Overweight & Obesity

• About Overweight & Obesity
  • Why It Matters
  • What CDC Is Doing
  • Making A Difference
• Obesity Basics
  • Defining Adult Overweight & Obesity
  • Defining Childhood Weight Status
  • Causes of Obesity
  • Consequences of Obesity
• Obesity and COVID-19
  • Children, Obesity, and COVID-19
• Data & Statistics
  • Adult Obesity Facts
  • Childhood Obesity Facts
  • Obesity Among WIC-Enrolled Young Children
  • Adult Obesity Maps
  • Surveillance Systems
• Resources Library
  • Reports
  • Prevention Strategies & Guidelines
  • Fact Sheets
• Initiatives
  • CORD 3.0
  • CORD 2.0
  • CORD 1.0
  • CODI
  • COMMIT
• Proven Strategies
  • Early Care and Education (ECE)
    • About Early Care and Education
    • High-Impact Obesity Prevention Standards
    • ECE Licensing Scorecards
    • State Scorecards
    • CDC Funded ECE Projects
    • Resource Library 
  • Healthcare
  • Community Efforts

Breastfeeding

• About Breastfeeding
  • Why It Matters
  • What CDC Is Doing
  • Making A Difference
• Data & Statistics
  • Facts
  • Breastfeeding Report Card
  • Breastfeeding Rates
    • Methods
    • Survey
    • Analysis
    • Results
  • Maternity Care Practices
    • Overview
    • Methods
    • Survey
    • Scoring
    • Supporting Evidence
    • National Report
    • Regional Report
    • State Reports
    • Hospital FAQs
  • mPINC Ten Steps Assessment Tool
    • About the mPINC Ten Steps Assessment Tool
    • How to Use the mPINC Ten Steps Assessment Tool
    • Demo Videos
    • Frequently Asked Questions
    • mPINC Ten Steps Assessment Tool
    • Crosswalk: Aligning mPINC and the Ten Steps
    • Resources
  • County Breastfeeding Initiation Rates
  • Public Opinions About Breastfeeding
  • Breastfeeding and Infant Feeding Practices
    • Methods
    • Questionnaires
    • Results
• Guidelines & Recommendations
  • Proper Storage and Preparation of Breast Milk
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Food Safety for Infants After a Natural Disaster
  • Safety in Maternity Care
  • Breast Milk Mix-Up
• Breastfeeding and Special Circumstances
  • Contraindications
  • Diet and Micronutrients
    • Maternal Diet
    • Iodine
    • Iron
    • Vitamin B12
    • Vitamin D
    • Vitamin K
  • Maternal or Infant Illnesses or Conditions
    • Birth Defects
    • Breast Surgery
    • Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
    • Ebola Virus Disease
    • Food-borne and Waterborne Illness
    • Hepatitis B or C Infections
    • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
    • HIV
    • Influenza
    • Jaundice
    • Lyme Disease
    • Malaria
    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
    • Postpartum Depression
    • Shingles
    • Toxoplasmosis
    • West Nile Virus
  • Environmental and Chemical Exposures
    • Anthrax
    • Lead
    • Mercury
    • Tear Gas
    • Occupational
    • Environmental
  • Vaccinations, Medications, & Drugs
    • Vaccinations
    • Prescription Medication Use
    • Tobacco and E-Cigarettes
    • Marijuana
    • Alcohol
  • Supporting Families with Relactation
  • Travel Recommendations
• Resources Library
  • Physician Education & Training
  • Reports
    • Call to Action
  • Toolkits
  • Related Links
  • Fact Sheets & Infographics
  • Syndicated Content
• Proven Strategies
• Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Healthy Places

• Accomplishments
  • Why Invest?
  • Healthy Community Design Data
  • Health Impact Assessment (HIA)
  • Surveillance
  • Evaluation
  • Research and Communications
• Clearinghouse
• Fact Sheets
• Health Planning Tools
• Health Topics
  • Parks, Trails and Health
    • Parks, Trails and Health Resources
    • Parks, Trails, and Health Workbook
  • Physical Activity
  • Transportation and Health
    • CDC/DOT Transportation and Health Tool
    • Transportation and Health Policy and Practice
    • Selected Data Sources
    • Transportation and Health Impact Assessment
    • Transportation and Health Planning
    • Selected Peer-Reviewed Articles
• Health Impact Assessment
  • Funded HIAs
    • Arizona
    • Georgia
    • Massachusetts
    • Minnesota
    • Oregon
    • Baltimore, MD
    • Davidson, NC
    • Douglas Co., NE
    • San Francisco, CA
    • ASTHO HIAs
    • NACCHO HIAs
  • HIA Stories from the Field
    • Baltimore
    • Boston – Oasis
    • Boston – Transit
    • Clackamas County
    • Curry County
    • Davidson – Design
    • Davidson – Big Rail
    • Omaha
    • Portland
    • San Francisco
  • Different Types of Health Assessments
  • Parks and Trails HIA Toolkit
    • Section A: Stakeholders – Subject Matter Experts
    • Section B: Data
    • Section C: Common HIA Recommendations
    • Section D: Additional Topic Areas
    • Appendix A
    • Appendix B
  • Transportation HIA Toolkit
    • HIA Background Information and HIA Indicators
      • Study Area Population Profile
      • Study Area Population Health Characteristics
      • Safety and Injury Data
      • Transportation Data
      • Study Area Land Use Characteristics
      • Air Quality Data
      • Combined Indicators
    • Strategies: Reduce Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
    • Strategies: Expand Public Transportation
    • Strategies: Promote Active Transportation
    • Strategies: Incorporate Healthy Community Design Features
    • Strategies: Improve Safety for All Users
    • Strategies: Ensure Equitable Access to Transportation Networks
    • Case Studies
  • Health Impact Assessment Resources
• A Training Framework for Public Health and Planning Professionals
  • Understanding the Connections
  • U.S. Case Studies
• Media Resources
  • Healthy Community Design Checklist Toolkit
• Publications by CDC
• Terminology

Healthy Weight, Nutrition, and Physical Activity

• Assessing Your Weight
  • Body Mass Index (BMI)
  • About Adult BMI
  • Adult BMI Calculator
    • Metric Version
  • About Child & Teen BMI
    • Measuring Children’s Height and Weight Accurately At Home
  • Child & Teen BMI Calculator
  • Children’s BMI Tool for Schools
• Finding a Balance
  • Other Factors in Weight Gain
• Preventing Weight Gain
• Losing Weight
  • Getting Started
  • Improving Your Eating Habits
  • Keeping It Off
• Healthy Eating for a Healthy Weight
  • Water and Healthier Drinks
    • Rethink Your Drink
  • Know Your Limits for Added Sugars
  • Planning Meals
  • Cutting Calories
    • Eat More, Weigh Less?
    • Portion Pitfalls
    • Using Fruits & Vegetables to Manage Your Weight
  • Healthy Recipes
• Physical Activity for a Healthy Weight
  • Getting Started
• Tips for Parents
• Health Effects of Overweight & Obesity
• External Resources

Salt

• Sodium and Food Sources
  • Top 10 Sources of Sodium
  • The Role of Sodium in Your Food
  • The Role of Potassium and Sodium in Your Diet
• How to Reduce Sodium
• Sodium Reduction Resources for Everyone
  • Sodium Reduction Fact Sheets
    • Sodium Q & A
    • Sodium and Children
  • Sodium Reduction Infographics
  • Related Links
• Sodium Reduction Tools and Training for Health Professionals
  • Journal Articles About Sodium for Health Professionals
  • Sodium Research Reviews
  • Sodium and the National Academy of Science
• CDC’s Sodium Reduction Efforts

Transportation Recommendations

• Brief
• Recommendations
• Background
• Glossary
• References