Malaria Information and Prophylaxis, by Country [E]
| Country | Areas with Malaria | Drug Resistance2 | Malaria Species3 | Recommended Chemoprophylaxis4 | Key Information Needed and Helpful Links to Assess Need for Prophylaxis for Select Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Easter Island (Chile) | None | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | |
| Ecuador; Including the Galápagos Islands | Areas at altitudes <1,500 m (4,921 ft) in the provinces of Carchi, Esmeraldas, Morona Santiago, Orellana, and Pastaza. Rare cases in other provinces in areas <1,500m (4,921 ft). Not present in the cities of Guayaquil and Quito or the Galápagos Islands | Chloroquine | P. vivax 72%,
P. falciparum 28% |
Areas with malaria in Carchi, Esmeraldas, Morona Santiago, Orellana, and Pastaza Provinces: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or tafenoquine6. Other areas with rare cases of malaria: Mosquito avoidance only. | 1) City(ies) of travel 2) Provinces of travel 3) Altitude of city(ies of travel) To determine if a city is within a certain provinceexternal iconProvinces of Ecuadorexternal iconAltitude informationexternal icon |
| Egypt | None | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | |
| El Salvador | Rare cases along the Guatemalan border | None | P. vivax 99%,
P. falciparum <1% |
Mosquito avoidance only | 1) City(ies) of travel
Map of El Salvador and surrounding countriesexternal icon Map of departments of El Salvadorexternal icon To look up if a city is within a certain department external icon |
| Equatorial Guinea | All | Chloroquine | P. falciparum 85%,
P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax 15% combined |
Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or tafenoquine6 | |
| Eritrea | All areas at altitudes < 2,200 m (7,218 ft). None in Asmara. | Chloroquine | P. falciparum 85%,
P. vivax 10-15%, P. ovale rare |
Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or tafenoquine6 | 1) City(ies) of travel 2) Altitude of city(ies of travel) Altitude informationexternal icon for Eritrea |
| Estonia | None | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | |
| Ethiopia | All areas < 2,500 m (8,202 ft), except none in the city of Addis Ababa. | Chloroquine | P. falciparum 60-70%,
P. vivax 30-40%, P. malariae, P. ovale rare |
Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or tafenoquine6 | 1) City(ies) of travel 2) Altitude of city(ies of travel) Altitude informationexternal icon for Ethiopia |
1. Factors that affect local malaria transmission patterns can change rapidly and from year to year, such as local weather conditions, mosquito vector density, and prevalence of infection. Information in these tables is updated regularly.
2. Refers to P. falciparum malaria unless otherwise noted.
3. Estimates of malaria species are based on best available data from multiple sources.
4. Several medications are available for chemoprophylaxis. When deciding which drug to use, consider specific itinerary, length of trip, cost of drug, previous adverse reactions to antimalarials, drug allergies, and current medical history. All travelers should seek medical attention in the event of fever during or after return from travel to areas with malaria.
5. This risk estimate is based largely on cases occurring in US military personnel who travel for extended periods of time with unique itineraries that likely do not reflect the risk for the average US traveler.
6. Primaquine and tafenoquine can cause hemolytic anemia in persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Patients must be screened for G6PD deficiency prior to starting primaquine.