Malaria Information and Prophylaxis, by Country [E]
| Country | Areas with Malaria | Drug Resistance2 | Malaria Species3 | Recommended Chemoprophylaxis4 | Key Information Needed and Helpful Links to Assess Need for Prophylaxis for Select Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Easter Island (Chile) | None | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | |
| Ecuador; Including the Galápagos Islands | Areas at altitudes <1,500 m (4,921 ft) in the provinces of Carchi, Cotopaxi, Esmeraldas, Morona Santiago, Orellana, Pastaza, and Sucumbios. Rare cases in other provinces in areas <1,500m (4,921 ft). Not present in the cities of Guayaquil and Quito or the Galápagos Islands | Chloroquine | P. vivax 85%,
P. falciparum 15% |
Areas with malaria in Carchi, Cotopaxi, Esmeraldas, Morona Santiago, Orellana, Pastaza, and Sucumbios Provinces: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or tafenoquine5. Other areas with malaria: None (mosquito avoidance only).6 | 1) City(ies) of travel 2) Provinces of travel 3) Altitude of city(ies of travel) To determine if a city is within a certain provinceexternal iconProvinces of Ecuadorexternal iconAltitude informationexternal icon |
| Egypt | None | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | |
| El Salvador | None | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | |
| Equatorial Guinea | All | Chloroquine | Primarily P. falciparum. Less commonly, P. malariae, P. ovale, or P. vivax | Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or tafenoquine5 | |
| Eritrea | All areas at altitudes < 2,200 m (7,218 ft). None in Asmara. | Chloroquine | P. falciparum 80-85%; P. vivax 15-20%; P. malariae and P. ovale rare |
Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or tafenoquine5 | 1) City(ies) of travel 2) Altitude of city(ies of travel) Altitude informationexternal icon for Eritrea |
| Estonia | None | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | |
| Present in eastern areas bordering Mozambique and South Africa, including all of Lubombo district and the eastern half of Hhohho, Manzini, and Shiselweni districts. | Chloroquine | Primarily P. falciparum. Less commonly, P. malariae, P. ovale, or P. vivax | Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or tafenoquine5 | ||
| Ethiopia | All areas < 2,500 m (8,202 ft), except none in the city of Addis Ababa. | Chloroquine | P. falciparum 80%; P. vivax 20%; P. malariae and P. ovale rare |
Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or tafenoquine5 | 1) City(ies) of travel 2) Altitude of city(ies of travel) Altitude informationexternal icon for Ethiopia |
1. Factors that affect local malaria transmission patterns can change rapidly and from year to year, such as local weather conditions, mosquito vector density, and prevalence of infection. Information in these tables is updated regularly.
2. Refers to P. falciparum malaria unless otherwise noted.
3. Estimates of malaria species are based on best available data from multiple sources. Where proportions are not available, the primary species and less common species are identified.
4. Several medications are available for chemoprophylaxis. When deciding which drug to use, consider specific itinerary, length of trip, cost of drug, previous adverse reactions to antimalarials, drug allergies, and current medical history. All travelers should seek medical attention in the event of fever during or after return from travel to areas with malaria.
5. Primaquine and tafenoquine can cause hemolytic anemia in persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Before prescribing primaquine or tafenoquine, patients must be screened for G6PD deficiency using a quantitative test.
6. Mosquito avoidance includes applying topical mosquito repellant, sleeping under an insecticide treated bed net, and wearing protective clothing (e.g., long pants and socks, long sleeve shirt). For additional details on mosquito avoidance, see: https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/index.html
7. P. knowlesi is a malaria species with a simian host (macaque). Human cases have been reported from most countries in Southeast Asia and are associated with activities in forest or forest-fringe areas. This species of malaria has no known resistance to antimalarials.