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Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance — United States, 2017

Supplementary Tables 230-241: Other Health-Related Topics


TABLE 230. Percentage of high school students who were ever told by a doctor or nurse that they have asthma, by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI* % CI % CI
Total 22.5 (20.8–24.4) 22.4 (20.8–24.2) 22.5 (21.2–23.9)
Race/Ethnicity
White† 21.2 (18.6–24.1) 20.6 (18.8–22.5) 20.9 (19.2–22.8)
Black† 29.1 (25.0–33.5) 30.5 (26.8–34.5) 29.8 (26.8–33.0)
Hispanic 20.7 (18.0–23.6) 21.6 (17.6–26.3) 21.1 (18.4–24.2)
Grade
9 21.8 (19.3–24.6) 23.9 (21.0–27.1) 22.9 (20.8–25.2)
10 23.5 (21.1–26.2) 21.9 (18.9–25.2) 22.9 (21.0–24.9)
11 22.2 (19.3–25.4) 20.1 (17.1–23.4) 21.2 (19.2–23.4)
12 22.5 (19.7–25.6) 23.6 (20.7–26.7) 23.0 (21.0–25.1)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 22.4 (20.6–24.2) 22.0 (20.2–23.8) 22.1 (20.6–23.8)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 27.6 (24.2–31.3) 32.3 (26.6–38.5) 29.1 (26.2–32.1)
Not sure 25.0 (18.9–32.3) 19.8 (14.2–26.9) 23.3 (18.1–29.5)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 23.4 (20.8–26.4) 23.0 (20.6–25.7) 23.2 (21.0–25.6)
Same sex only or both sexes 28.1 (23.8–32.8) 26.3 (18.4–36.2) 27.6 (23.1–32.6)
No sexual contact 21.8 (20.1–23.6) 20.4 (18.2–22.9) 21.1 (19.5–22.9)

* 95% confidence interval.
† Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 231. Percentage of high school students who were ever told by a doctor or nurse that they have asthma, by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI* % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska —† — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arkansas 33.7 (24.1–45.0) 33.5 (24.7–43.6) 33.4 (24.4–43.8) 32.1 (23.9–41.6) 43.0 (27.2–60.4) 24.9 (14.6–39.3) 31.3 (24.8–38.6) 52.1 (32.7–70.9) 22.8 (19.8–26.0)
California 25.8 (21.9–30.2) 22.5 (18.8–26.7) 24.2 (21.3–27.4) 23.8 (20.8–27.1) 31.8 (23.6–41.3) 14.7 (8.5–24.1) 25.7 (21.6–30.1) 27.0 (19.0–37.0) 21.0 (17.7–24.7)
Colorado — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Connecticut — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Delaware 23.4 (20.7–26.3) 25.1 (22.5–27.8) 24.3 (22.4–26.3) 24.7 (22.5–27.0) 26.0 (20.5–32.3) 27.1 (16.1–41.8) 25.6 (22.5–28.9) 24.6 (18.8–31.4) 22.3 (19.3–25.6)
Florida 20.5 (18.8–22.3) 23.9 (21.8–26.2) 22.2 (20.8–23.8) 21.1 (19.6–22.8) 28.2 (24.9–31.7) 27.1 (21.0–34.2) 24.9 (22.8–27.0) 29.3 (25.4–33.5) 18.8 (17.0–20.8)
Hawaii 28.2 (26.2–30.4) 31.6 (29.3–34.1) 30.2 (28.6–31.8) 30.2 (28.4–32.1) 33.5 (28.1–39.2) 23.0 (15.2–33.4) 30.8 (27.8–34.0) 33.3 (26.7–40.6) 28.2 (26.1–30.4)
Idaho 20.9 (18.8–23.3) 17.6 (14.6–21.1) 19.3 (17.6–21.1) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 22.9 (19.5–26.7) 20.9 (18.5–23.6) 21.9 (19.3–24.7) 21.5 (18.7–24.5) 28.5 (24.0–33.4) 21.2 (11.6–35.6) 23.7 (20.1–27.8) 30.9 (22.9–40.1) 17.8 (15.9–20.0)
Iowa 22.2 (17.8–27.3) 20.8 (17.7–24.3) 21.6 (18.8–24.6) 20.8 (18.3–23.6) 28.2 (16.7–43.5) 21.5 (10.2–40.0) 23.5 (19.2–28.4) 22.8 (14.0–34.9) 16.9 (13.8–20.4)
Kansas 22.9 (19.6–26.6) 20.4 (17.6–23.5) 21.6 (18.9–24.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 26.9 (24.2–29.7) 24.9 (21.5–28.7) 26.0 (23.5–28.6) 26.1 (23.1–29.3) 24.6 (18.5–31.9) 27.5 (16.3–42.3) 26.8 (23.9–29.8) 31.0 (24.6–38.3) 23.8 (20.2–27.9)
Louisiana 26.1 (21.1–31.7) 30.2 (24.6–36.5) 27.9 (23.5–32.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine 26.7 (25.0–28.5) 25.6 (24.5–26.8) 26.2 (25.2–27.2) 25.6 (24.5–26.8) 31.0 (27.3–34.9) 23.5 (19.0–28.7) 26.5 (24.9–28.2) 34.0 (31.0–37.1) 23.2 (21.7–24.8)
Maryland 25.1 (24.4–25.8) 27.7 (26.8–28.5) 26.4 (25.9–27.0) 25.6 (25.1–26.2) 31.7 (30.1–33.3) 24.9 (22.4–27.7) — — — — — —
Massachusetts — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Michigan 25.7 (22.6–29.1) 26.5 (23.4–29.9) 26.2 (24.0–28.4) 25.7 (23.1–28.5) 26.7 (19.9–34.7) 32.2 (20.8–46.2) 29.2 (26.1–32.6) 27.2 (17.0–40.5) 22.5 (18.4–27.3)
Missouri 25.9 (22.2–30.0) 27.7 (23.8–32.0) 26.7 (24.0–29.6) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 22.0 (20.4–23.8) 21.0 (18.8–23.3) 21.6 (20.3–22.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 18.1 (15.0–21.8) 22.7 (18.5–27.5) 20.4 (17.6–23.5) 20.0 (16.9–23.5) 21.4 (15.5–28.8) 26.8 (15.3–42.6) 20.8 (16.2–26.3) 27.1 (17.1–40.2) 18.9 (15.4–23.0)
Nevada — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New Hampshire — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New Mexico 23.9 (22.3–25.5) 23.9 (21.7–26.3) 24.0 (22.4–25.7) 23.2 (21.6–24.9) 30.7 (27.0–34.7) 22.7 (16.7–30.0) 23.9 (21.7–26.3) 31.0 (25.8–36.6) 21.7 (19.6–23.9)
New York 23.3 (22.1–24.5) 25.2 (22.0–28.9) 24.3 (22.6–26.1) 23.4 (21.3–25.6) 31.3 (26.4–36.6) 22.8 (20.1–25.7) 26.1 (23.5–29.0) 33.4 (28.7–38.5) 20.6 (18.4–22.9)
North Carolina 24.0 (21.3–27.0) 25.1 (22.5–27.8) 24.6 (22.3–27.1) 23.6 (21.4–25.9) 29.4 (24.1–35.4) 28.5 (18.3–41.6) 25.4 (22.9–28.1) 32.9 (25.1–41.9) 20.7 (17.7–24.0)
North Dakota — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oklahoma 22.5 (19.4–26.0) 26.2 (22.1–30.7) 24.4 (21.4–27.8) 23.0 (19.7–26.7) 33.0 (24.5–42.8) 35.5 (23.6–49.4) 24.2 (20.8–28.0) 32.1 (21.3–45.3) 23.4 (18.7–29.0)
Pennsylvania 24.9 (22.2–27.7) 26.3 (23.9–28.8) 25.6 (23.9–27.4) 25.0 (23.2–26.8) 29.1 (23.1–35.9) 31.0 (21.5–42.3) 27.0 (24.6–29.4) 30.6 (23.9–38.3) 22.9 (20.2–26.0)
Rhode Island — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
South Carolina 25.7 (22.4–29.4) 25.1 (21.5–29.0) 25.5 (22.7–28.5) 26.1 (23.0–29.5) 27.8 (20.7–36.1) 20.3 (8.9–39.9) 23.8 (19.9–28.1) 25.9 (17.2–37.0) 24.5 (21.3–28.0)
Tennessee 25.0 (21.9–28.3) 24.6 (21.3–28.1) 24.8 (22.2–27.6) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 21.6 (18.4–25.1) 21.8 (18.7–25.2) 21.7 (19.5–24.1) 20.4 (17.9–23.0) 31.0 (23.5–39.7) 25.6 (12.6–45.0) 21.1 (17.6–25.1) 37.5 (27.0–49.2) 18.7 (15.7–22.0)
Utah 21.4 (16.7–27.1) 26.2 (22.9–29.8) 23.9 (20.5–27.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Virginia 19.6 (17.5–21.9) 20.7 (18.0–23.8) 20.2 (18.3–22.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 23.3 (19.5–27.6) 24.2 (21.2–27.4) 23.8 (21.2–26.6) 23.7 (21.0–26.5) 23.8 (15.3–35.0) 18.1 (9.3–32.3) 24.5 (22.0–27.1) 25.2 (14.1–40.9) 20.3 (16.5–24.9)
Wisconsin 20.8 (17.5–24.6) 20.1 (17.4–23.0) 20.7 (18.7–22.8) 19.8 (17.8–21.9) 26.8 (21.0–33.6) 24.1 (15.3–35.9) 21.3 (18.4–24.5) 23.2 (17.1–30.6) 17.7 (15.3–20.4)
Median 23.4 24.9 24.3 23.7 29.1 24.9 25.1 30.7 21.3
Range 18.1–33.7 17.6–33.5 19.3–33.4 19.8–32.1 21.4–43.0 14.7–35.5 20.8–31.3 22.8–52.1 16.9–28.2
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 33.7 (25.8–42.7) 32.9 (28.0–38.3) 33.2 (28.2–38.6) 32.6 (27.4–38.4) 38.8 (26.2–53.1) 28.8 (15.0–48.3) 33.5 (25.6–42.5) 31.1 (17.8–48.4) 31.7 (25.4–38.7)
Boston, MA 22.7 (19.6–26.0) 29.2 (25.5–33.2) 25.8 (23.4–28.3) 26.1 (23.5–28.9) 25.1 (18.9–32.6) 23.3 (14.0–36.0) 28.1 (24.1–32.5) 30.5 (22.2–40.4) 21.2 (17.8–24.9)
Broward County, FL 20.0 (15.9–24.8) 24.4 (18.5–31.5) 22.1 (18.5–26.2) 21.6 (17.7–26.1) 25.5 (16.6–36.9) 16.6 (8.4–30.3) 22.0 (16.7–28.5) 22.3 (13.6–34.2) 17.0 (12.3–23.1)
Chicago, IL 20.7 (17.9–23.8) 23.6 (20.0–27.7) 22.3 (20.0–24.7) 21.0 (18.4–23.8) 31.3 (25.5–37.8) 19.4 (12.1–29.7) 21.3 (18.1–24.9) 25.6 (17.0–36.7) 20.1 (16.7–24.1)
Cleveland, OH — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DeKalb County, GA 25.4 (22.2–28.9) 31.8 (28.4–35.5) 28.5 (25.9–31.3) 27.2 (24.5–30.2) 37.8 (30.0–46.3) 27.5 (18.7–38.4) 30.2 (26.7–33.9) 37.6 (30.7–45.1) 23.8 (20.3–27.8)
Detroit, MI 28.2 (24.8–31.9) 31.8 (26.9–37.2) 30.0 (26.6–33.6) 30.4 (27.0–34.1) 32.4 (24.6–41.2) 18.4 (9.3–33.0) 30.7 (26.3–35.4) 33.4 (25.6–42.2) 27.5 (23.2–32.3)
District of Columbia 32.4 (30.8–34.0) 34.2 (32.4–36.1) 33.4 (32.2–34.6) 32.3 (30.9–33.6) 38.7 (35.4–42.1) 34.3 (28.9–40.0) 33.6 (31.7–35.6) 39.3 (35.6–43.2) 28.0 (26.2–29.8)
Duval County, FL 24.3 (21.8–26.9) 30.5 (27.5–33.7) 27.2 (25.1–29.3) 27.0 (24.8–29.4) 27.6 (23.4–32.2) 24.7 (17.8–33.2) 27.8 (24.9–30.9) 29.0 (24.2–34.4) 21.4 (18.7–24.3)
Ft. Worth, TX 18.6 (16.7–20.8) 22.2 (20.0–24.6) 20.5 (19.1–22.1) 19.9 (18.3–21.6) 26.8 (21.5–32.8) 21.5 (14.0–31.6) 22.0 (19.4–24.8) 23.0 (17.6–29.6) 17.6 (15.5–19.9)
Houston, TX 20.6 (18.3–23.1) 23.7 (21.4–26.2) 22.4 (20.7–24.1) 21.7 (20.0–23.5) 26.2 (21.8–31.0) 23.5 (16.8–31.9) 20.5 (18.0–23.3) 28.0 (22.4–34.3) 19.4 (17.2–21.9)
Los Angeles, CA 21.0 (17.1–25.6) 20.9 (18.3–23.7) 20.9 (18.5–23.6) 20.2 (18.0–22.6) 28.4 (18.0–41.7) 22.9 (13.9–35.4) 20.9 (18.2–23.9) 32.9 (22.5–45.2) 18.5 (14.8–22.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL 21.6 (19.5–23.8) 26.4 (23.1–30.0) 24.0 (22.0–26.1) 23.7 (21.6–25.9) 23.6 (18.5–29.6) 26.9 (18.2–37.9) 24.4 (21.4–27.6) 23.9 (18.5–30.2) 20.8 (17.9–23.9)
New York City, NY 21.3 (19.6–23.2) 26.5 (24.6–28.5) 23.9 (22.9–25.0) 23.7 (22.6–24.9) 29.2 (25.8–32.8) 21.0 (18.2–24.1) 25.3 (23.2–27.5) 28.3 (23.5–33.5) 21.1 (19.5–22.8)
Oakland, CA 28.6 (25.3–32.2) 24.7 (21.8–27.8) 26.6 (24.6–28.7) 25.7 (23.6–27.9) 33.6 (25.7–42.4) 25.0 (16.1–36.5) 29.6 (26.5–32.8) 39.2 (30.0–49.3) 22.4 (19.4–25.7)
Orange County, FL 21.9 (19.3–24.7) 25.2 (21.4–29.3) 23.6 (21.3–26.0) 22.5 (19.6–25.6) 26.6 (19.9–34.6) 32.6 (21.3–46.4) 25.7 (21.5–30.4) 30.1 (23.2–38.0) 19.7 (16.9–22.9)
Palm Beach County, FL 20.8 (18.1–23.8) 24.8 (22.1–27.6) 22.8 (21.0–24.7) 22.4 (20.5–24.5) 25.6 (20.4–31.6) 22.9 (14.7–33.9) 23.2 (20.3–26.3) 24.6 (17.8–33.1) 20.4 (17.8–23.3)
Philadelphia, PA 26.0 (22.2–30.2) 30.4 (26.0–35.2) 28.1 (25.7–30.7) 28.1 (25.3–31.1) 32.1 (26.7–37.9) 18.1 (10.4–29.6) 32.5 (28.7–36.6) 33.2 (28.4–38.4) 21.1 (17.8–25.0)
San Diego, CA 21.8 (19.4–24.4) 20.8 (17.8–24.1) 21.3 (19.2–23.6) 21.0 (18.8–23.5) 24.9 (17.5–34.1) 17.3 (10.7–26.7) 23.5 (20.2–27.2) 26.8 (19.3–35.9) 18.5 (16.3–21.0)
San Francisco, CA 15.5 (13.3–18.1) 19.0 (16.9–21.3) 17.4 (15.8–19.1) 17.2 (15.6–19.0) 22.9 (16.7–30.5) 13.3 (8.5–20.1) 21.3 (18.0–25.0) 26.7 (19.0–36.1) 14.1 (12.2–16.1)
Shelby County, TN 25.5 (21.6–29.8) 33.7 (29.8–37.8) 29.5 (26.3–32.8) 29.2 (25.8–32.8) 29.8 (22.9–37.8) 31.4 (21.2–43.9) 30.6 (26.0–35.5) 33.1 (24.2–43.5) 26.1 (22.0–30.8)
Median 21.8 25.8 23.9 23.7 28.0 23.1 25.5 29.5 20.9
Range 15.5–33.7 19.0–34.2 17.4–33.4 17.2–32.6 22.9–38.8 13.3–34.3 20.5–33.6 22.3–39.3 14.1–31.7

* 95% confidence interval.
† Not available.

TABLE 232. Percentage of high school students who never saw a dentist,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 1.2 (0.8–1.8) 1.7 (1.4–2.1) 1.5 (1.2–1.8)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 0.8 (0.4–1.6) 1.2 (0.8–1.8) 1.0 (0.6–1.5)
Black§ 1.9 (1.0–3.8) 2.7 (1.8–3.9) 2.3 (1.7–3.3)
Hispanic 1.2 (0.7–2.2) 2.5 (1.8–3.4) 1.9 (1.4–2.6)
Grade
9 1.3 (0.6–2.6) 2.0 (1.5–2.7) 1.7 (1.3–2.2)
10 1.3 (0.6–2.9) 1.1 (0.6–2.0) 1.3 (0.7–2.2)
11 1.1 (0.7–1.7) 1.4 (0.9–2.1) 1.2 (0.9–1.7)
12 0.7 (0.3–1.4) 2.2 (1.4–3.5) 1.4 (1.0–2.1)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 1.1 (0.7–1.8) 1.6 (1.3–2.0) 1.4 (1.1–1.7)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 1.2 (0.5–2.8) 2.1 (0.9–4.8) 1.5 (0.8–2.7)
Not sure 0.6 (0.2–1.8) 3.7 (1.2–11.2) 2.6 (1.2–5.5)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 0.7 (0.4–1.2) 1.6 (1.1–2.3) 1.2 (0.9–1.7)
Same sex only or both sexes 2.0 (0.9–4.5) 4.8 (2.2–10.1) 2.8 (1.7–4.5)
No sexual contact 1.1 (0.6–2.2) 1.3 (1.0–1.8) 1.2 (0.9–1.7)

* For a check-up, exam, teeth cleaning, or other dental work.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 233. Percentage of high school students who never saw a dentist,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 1.4 (0.7–3.0) 2.6 (1.6–4.2) 2.1 (1.3–3.2) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arkansas 1.1 (0.5–2.4) 2.6 (1.7–4.0) 2.0 (1.4–2.9) 1.5 (0.9–2.5) 3.0 (1.0–8.2) 9.2 (3.1–24.4) 2.0 (1.0–3.9) 1.7 (0.4–6.0) 1.4 (0.8–2.5)
California 1.2 (0.5–2.9) 1.8 (0.8–4.0) 1.6 (0.8–3.1) 1.5 (0.8–3.0) 1.1 (0.1–7.9) 4.4 (0.5–28.1) 1.4 (0.6–3.5) 2.8 (0.8–9.3) 1.1 (0.6–2.2)
Colorado — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Connecticut 1.0 (0.5–2.2) 2.0 (1.3–3.0) 1.5 (1.1–2.1) 1.1 (0.7–1.7) 2.4 (1.0–5.3) 6.2 (2.7–13.8) 1.6 (0.9–2.8) 2.0 (0.7–5.4) 0.8 (0.4–1.8)
Delaware — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Florida 3.9 (2.9–5.1) 5.2 (4.4–6.2) 4.7 (3.9–5.6) 4.1 (3.3–5.1) 5.0 (3.2–7.6) 9.2 (6.1–13.5) 4.0 (3.1–5.2) 6.8 (4.3–10.5) 3.8 (2.9–5.0)
Hawaii 1.3 (0.8–2.1) 1.9 (1.4–2.6) 1.8 (1.4–2.3) 1.6 (1.2–2.2) 1.5 (0.8–3.0) 2.2 (1.0–4.8) 1.8 (1.1–3.1) 4.2 (2.1–8.2) 1.2 (0.8–1.8)
Idaho 0.2 (0.0–0.8) 1.6 (0.9–2.9) 0.9 (0.5–1.6) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 1.1 (0.5–2.4) 2.2 (1.5–3.3) 1.7 (1.1–2.6) 1.4 (0.9–2.3) 3.3 (1.6–6.6) 1.7 (0.7–3.9) 2.8 (1.7–4.6) 1.8 (0.7–4.7) 0.3 (0.1–0.9)
Iowa 0.8 (0.2–2.7) 1.4 (0.6–2.9) 1.3 (0.6–2.6) 1.0 (0.5–2.3) 1.6 (0.3–9.1) 3.7 (0.5–24.0) 1.4 (0.7–3.1) 2.4 (0.5–11.9) 0.6 (0.1–2.8)
Kansas — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 1.8 (1.1–3.1) 2.4 (1.4–4.3) 2.1 (1.3–3.3) 2.1 (1.3–3.6) 1.4 (0.4–5.0) 3.9 (1.0–14.5) 2.0 (1.0–3.8) 3.2 (1.0–9.9) 2.2 (1.1–4.2)
Louisiana 3.6 (2.2–5.7) 4.1 (2.3–7.3) 4.0 (2.8–5.6) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maryland 1.4 (1.2–1.6) 2.5 (2.3–2.9) 2.1 (1.9–2.2) 1.4 (1.2–1.5) 3.6 (3.0–4.3) 6.0 (4.9–7.4) — — — — — —
Massachusetts — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Michigan 1.3 (0.7–2.6) 2.6 (1.4–4.8) 2.0 (1.1–3.6) 1.5 (0.7–3.0) 4.0 (1.3–11.6) 7.6 (3.0–18.2) 1.5 (0.5–4.3) 8.2 (3.5–18.2) 1.1 (0.4–2.9)
Missouri 2.0 (1.0–4.1) 2.5 (1.5–4.0) 2.3 (1.5–3.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 0.9 (0.6–1.4) 1.1 (0.7–1.7) 1.0 (0.7–1.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 0.4 (0.1–1.6) 2.2 (1.2–3.9) 1.4 (0.8–2.4) 0.8 (0.4–1.5) 2.6 (0.8–8.0) 9.7 (3.3–25.5) 1.0 (0.4–2.4) 0.8 (0.1–5.9) 0.9 (0.4–2.1)
Nevada 1.6 (0.9–2.7) 2.1 (1.2–3.5) 1.9 (1.4–2.5) 1.5 (1.0–2.2) 3.6 (1.8–6.9) 3.6 (0.8–14.9) 2.1 (1.2–3.5) 1.0 (0.2–4.2) 1.4 (0.8–2.6)
New Hampshire 0.5 (0.3–0.8) 1.1 (0.8–1.5) 0.9 (0.7–1.1) 0.5 (0.4–0.7) 2.3 (1.4–3.5) 4.8 (3.2–7.1) 0.5 (0.4–0.8) 4.5 (3.1–6.5) 0.5 (0.4–0.8)
New Mexico 1.4 (0.9–2.0) 2.2 (1.4–3.3) 1.8 (1.3–2.5) 1.2 (0.8–2.0) 2.7 (1.6–4.3) 8.3 (4.9–13.6) 1.5 (0.9–2.2) 5.1 (3.4–7.8) 1.1 (0.6–2.0)
New York 1.6 (0.8–3.1) 1.8 (1.4–2.4) 1.9 (1.3–3.0) 1.4 (0.8–2.4) 3.1 (1.9–5.1) 5.0 (2.9–8.5) 1.1 (0.8–1.6) 4.5 (2.7–7.4) 1.0 (0.6–1.9)
North Carolina — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Dakota 0.9 (0.4–1.8) 1.9 (1.2–3.0) 1.4 (0.9–2.1) 1.1 (0.7–1.7) 3.5 (1.5–7.7) 2.8 (0.8–8.9) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 2.4 (1.4–3.8) 2.2 (1.3–3.5) 2.2 (1.6–3.2) 2.0 (1.3–2.9) 3.4 (1.5–7.7) 4.1 (1.0–15.1) 2.9 (1.8–4.5) 4.4 (1.7–10.9) 0.8 (0.3–2.0)
Pennsylvania 0.8 (0.4–1.6) 1.1 (0.6–2.0) 1.0 (0.6–1.6) 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 0.7 (0.2–3.2) 2.2 (0.8–5.5) 1.1 (0.6–2.2) 1.9 (0.6–5.5) 0.5 (0.3–1.1)
Rhode Island 1.1 (0.4–2.7) 2.6 (1.4–4.7) 2.0 (1.2–3.3) 1.6 (0.7–3.7) 1.3 (0.6–3.0) 10.7 (4.8–22.3) 2.0 (1.0–3.9) 5.9 (2.2–14.5) 0.7 (0.2–2.2)
South Carolina 3.1 (2.0–4.6) 3.3 (1.9–5.7) 3.3 (2.2–4.9) 2.8 (1.9–4.1) 4.0 (1.1–13.3) 12.3 (3.6–34.6) 1.5 (0.5–4.2) 9.2 (4.2–19.0) 2.3 (1.0–5.2)
Tennessee 2.0 (1.2–3.4) 1.5 (0.7–3.2) 1.9 (1.2–2.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 1.8 (1.1–3.1) 3.2 (2.1–4.8) 2.6 (1.9–3.5) 2.6 (1.9–3.6) 1.5 (0.6–3.7) 3.5 (1.2–9.6) 2.6 (1.6–4.4) 1.2 (0.3–4.1) 2.1 (1.3–3.5)
Utah 0.4 (0.1–1.1) 1.4 (0.8–2.7) 1.0 (0.6–1.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Virginia 1.0 (0.6–1.9) 2.5 (1.9–3.3) 1.8 (1.5–2.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 0.9 (0.4–2.1) 2.5 (1.3–4.9) 1.8 (1.1–3.0) 1.7 (1.0–3.0) 1.9 (0.5–7.1) 2.2 (0.5–9.1) 1.3 (0.7–2.7) 6.4 (1.8–20.7) 1.1 (0.5–2.4)
Wisconsin 1.5 (0.9–2.5) 2.3 (1.5–3.3) 1.9 (1.3–2.7) 1.4 (0.9–2.2) 4.5 (2.2–9.0) 5.6 (1.7–17.1) 1.6 (0.8–3.1) 4.9 (2.0–11.6) 1.5 (0.8–2.8)
Median 1.3 2.2 1.9 1.5 2.7 4.8 1.6 4.2 1.1
Range 0.2–3.9 1.1–5.2 0.9–4.7 0.5–4.1 0.7–5.0 1.7–12.3 0.5–4.0 0.8–9.2 0.3–3.8
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 1.8 (0.6–5.2) 4.3 (2.3–7.9) 2.9 (1.6–5.2) 2.0 (0.9–4.2) 2.4 (0.6–9.6) 12.6 (3.6–35.8) 2.1 (1.0–4.5) 6.2 (2.5–14.5) 2.6 (0.8–8.5)
Boston, MA 2.1 (1.3–3.6) 3.0 (2.0–4.6) 2.6 (1.8–3.7) 2.6 (1.8–3.8) 1.6 (0.6–4.6) 1.7 (0.3–9.0) 2.2 (1.1–4.3) 5.7 (2.6–12.3) 2.3 (1.4–3.7)
Broward County, FL 2.1 (1.1–4.0) 4.3 (2.5–7.5) 3.2 (2.2–4.7) 3.7 (2.4–5.5) 1.0 (0.2–5.3) 1.6 (0.2–10.9) 2.7 (1.5–4.7) 2.5 (0.7–8.6) 4.0 (2.2–7.1)
Chicago, IL 1.4 (0.9–2.3) 2.7 (1.6–4.5) 2.4 (1.7–3.3) 1.8 (1.2–2.8) 2.3 (0.7–7.4) 7.2 (3.3–15.3) 2.5 (1.7–3.6) 3.7 (2.0–6.9) 0.6 (0.2–1.4)
Cleveland, OH — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DeKalb County, GA 2.5 (1.6–4.0) 4.5 (2.9–7.0) 3.5 (2.5–5.0) 2.8 (1.8–4.3) 4.3 (1.7–10.2) 4.7 (2.0–10.7) 1.6 (0.8–3.4) 5.8 (2.6–12.5) 3.5 (2.3–5.3)
Detroit, MI 2.5 (1.5–4.2) 1.8 (0.9–3.4) 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 1.8 (1.1–3.0) 3.9 (1.5–9.8) 3.5 (0.8–14.2) 1.4 (0.7–3.1) 1.9 (0.7–5.5) 2.2 (1.2–4.2)
District of Columbia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Duval County, FL 3.3 (2.4–4.6) 2.6 (1.8–3.7) 3.1 (2.5–3.9) 1.7 (1.2–2.4) 7.3 (5.0–10.4) 8.5 (4.8–14.7) 1.8 (1.1–3.0) 6.9 (4.6–10.1) 2.1 (1.3–3.2)
Ft. Worth, TX 1.9 (1.4–2.8) 3.5 (2.7–4.5) 2.7 (2.2–3.4) 2.8 (2.2–3.5) 2.4 (1.2–5.0) 3.4 (1.4–7.7) 2.4 (1.7–3.5) 5.1 (2.9–9.0) 1.8 (1.2–2.8)
Houston, TX 2.7 (1.4–4.9) 4.6 (3.4–6.1) 3.7 (2.6–5.3) 3.6 (2.3–5.4) 2.8 (1.6–5.1) 8.0 (4.3–14.3) 3.7 (2.7–5.1) 4.5 (2.4–8.3) 2.8 (1.6–4.7)
Los Angeles, CA 1.7 (0.8–3.4) 1.7 (0.8–3.5) 1.8 (1.0–3.1) 1.3 (0.7–2.6) 4.5 (2.2–9.2) 5.9 (2.0–15.8) 1.6 (0.6–3.9) 9.1 (3.8–20.1) 0.8 (0.4–1.6)
Miami-Dade County, FL 2.2 (1.5–3.1) 3.1 (2.2–4.3) 2.7 (2.1–3.4) 2.4 (1.9–3.1) 3.1 (1.5–6.0) 9.7 (4.0–21.9) 2.3 (1.5–3.6) 5.1 (2.7–9.5) 2.4 (1.7–3.5)
New York City, NY 1.6 (1.1–2.4) 2.5 (1.9–3.3) 2.1 (1.6–2.8) 1.3 (0.9–1.7) 3.8 (2.7–5.5) 4.7 (2.8–7.6) 1.9 (1.5–2.6) 3.4 (1.8–6.3) 1.7 (1.1–2.8)
Oakland, CA 2.0 (1.3–3.2) 1.7 (0.9–2.9) 2.0 (1.5–2.8) 1.8 (1.3–2.6) 1.7 (0.6–4.7) 5.2 (1.5–17.0) 1.5 (0.8–2.7) 1.7 (0.7–4.5) 1.6 (0.9–2.8)
Orange County, FL 3.8 (2.5–5.6) 3.1 (1.8–5.1) 3.5 (2.5–4.8) 2.8 (1.9–4.2) 4.7 (2.2–9.4) 6.8 (2.4–17.8) 2.5 (1.2–4.9) 6.7 (2.7–15.3) 3.5 (2.3–5.3)
Palm Beach County, FL 3.9 (2.8–5.3) 4.8 (3.6–6.3) 4.3 (3.4–5.4) 3.2 (2.4–4.2) 7.7 (4.9–12.1) 13.3 (7.2–23.3) 2.6 (1.7–4.1) 12.9 (8.0–20.3) 3.7 (2.6–5.2)
Philadelphia, PA 1.5 (0.6–3.9) 1.7 (0.9–3.0) 1.6 (1.0–2.6) 1.3 (0.7–2.6) 0.6 (0.1–4.6) 10.8 (2.6–35.4) 0.8 (0.3–2.0) 4.6 (1.6–12.7) 1.4 (0.6–3.2)
San Diego, CA 1.0 (0.6–1.9) 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 1.6 (1.1–2.4) 1.6 (1.0–2.5) 0.6 (0.1–2.4) 2.5 (0.9–6.8) 1.5 (0.8–2.6) 2.7 (0.8–8.7) 1.4 (0.8–2.3)
San Francisco, CA 2.1 (1.4–3.2) 2.8 (1.8–4.1) 2.4 (1.8–3.3) 2.3 (1.6–3.2) 2.3 (0.9–5.7) 5.3 (2.6–10.9) 2.8 (1.7–4.3) 6.6 (3.1–13.7) 1.5 (0.9–2.4)
Shelby County, TN 2.4 (1.6–3.6) 4.1 (2.8–5.8) 3.2 (2.4–4.2) 2.9 (2.0–4.1) 3.8 (1.5–9.0) 0.9 (0.1–5.0) 1.4 (0.7–2.8) 3.7 (1.5–8.5) 3.1 (1.8–5.4)
Median 2.1 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.8 5.3 2.1 5.1 2.2
Range 1.0–3.9 1.7–4.8 1.6–4.3 1.3–3.7 0.6–7.7 0.9–13.3 0.8–3.7 1.7–12.9 0.6–4.0

* For a check-up, exam, teeth cleaning, or other dental work.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 234. Percentage of high school students who saw a dentist,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 77.3 (74.5–79.9) 74.2 (72.1–76.3) 75.7 (73.6–77.7)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 82.7 (79.0–85.8) 79.0 (76.4–81.3) 80.8 (78.3–83.1)
Black§ 66.1 (61.8–70.2) 62.9 (58.0–67.6) 64.5 (61.2–67.7)
Hispanic 74.1 (71.1–76.9) 69.3 (66.5–71.9) 71.6 (69.4–73.7)
Grade
9 78.0 (74.6–81.0) 74.8 (71.5–77.7) 76.3 (73.9–78.6)
10 79.1 (75.9–81.9) 75.3 (72.0–78.3) 77.1 (74.6–79.5)
11 76.2 (71.3–80.6) 74.9 (72.0–77.6) 75.5 (72.7–78.1)
12 75.9 (71.4–79.8) 71.8 (68.4–75.0) 73.8 (70.7–76.7)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 76.8 (74.6–78.8) 75.8 (73.6–77.8) 76.2 (74.4–77.9)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 73.6 (70.1–76.9) 60.3 (50.7–69.2) 70.0 (65.9–73.8)
Not sure 79.3 (71.9–85.1) 51.6 (42.6–60.5) 67.6 (60.6–73.8)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 77.8 (74.0–81.1) 74.1 (71.9–76.1) 75.8 (73.4–78.0)
Same sex only or both sexes 72.8 (67.6–77.4) 57.3 (47.1–67.0) 68.8 (64.9–72.3)
No sexual contact 76.6 (74.4–78.7) 76.3 (73.4–78.9) 76.5 (74.3–78.5)

* For a check-up, exam, teeth cleaning, or other dental work, during the 12 months before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 235. Percentage of high school students who saw a dentist,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 73.2 (66.9–78.6) 69.5 (65.0–73.6) 71.1 (66.4–75.4) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arkansas 74.5 (70.4–78.1) 67.1 (61.2–72.5) 70.5 (66.2–74.5) 71.2 (66.6–75.5) 70.7 (61.6–78.5) 59.9 (43.0–74.8) 71.1 (65.2–76.3) 73.5 (65.9–79.9) 73.4 (68.2–78.0)
California 76.6 (69.4–82.5) 69.5 (63.9–74.7) 72.7 (66.7–78.0) 73.8 (67.6–79.2) 68.1 (59.0–75.9) 58.8 (43.8–72.3) 73.3 (65.8–79.6) 64.4 (52.0–75.1) 76.1 (69.9–81.4)
Colorado — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Connecticut 80.2 (76.9–83.1) 80.5 (77.5–83.1) 80.1 (77.3–82.6) 82.6 (79.8–85.2) 65.5 (57.4–72.8) 74.9 (64.4–83.2) 83.0 (79.7–85.9) 69.3 (57.1–79.3) 81.8 (77.8–85.3)
Delaware — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Florida 68.7 (66.1–71.1) 64.8 (62.3–67.2) 66.5 (64.3–68.7) 68.6 (66.0–71.0) 61.2 (57.8–64.5) 50.6 (44.5–56.7) 66.4 (64.1–68.6) 59.6 (53.9–65.0) 70.5 (67.8–73.0)
Hawaii 76.8 (73.7–79.6) 72.7 (69.7–75.4) 74.4 (72.9–75.9) 76.1 (74.7–77.3) 68.3 (62.4–73.7) 67.9 (60.3–74.7) 75.1 (72.3–77.8) 68.4 (59.9–75.8) 77.6 (75.3–79.7)
Idaho 82.8 (80.1–85.2) 79.5 (75.5–83.0) 81.1 (78.6–83.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 74.2 (68.3–79.3) 68.7 (64.3–72.7) 71.2 (66.6–75.5) 73.7 (69.8–77.3) 63.4 (50.4–74.7) 53.8 (41.1–66.0) 70.4 (64.7–75.5) 58.2 (46.5–69.1) 75.1 (70.9–78.8)
Iowa 77.9 (74.4–81.0) 79.3 (74.9–83.1) 78.5 (75.4–81.3) 80.0 (76.8–82.8) 67.8 (52.2–80.2) 76.4 (58.3–88.2) 79.3 (74.6–83.3) 60.8 (46.2–73.7) 82.7 (77.6–86.8)
Kansas — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 76.8 (72.4–80.8) 70.3 (65.5–74.8) 73.1 (69.5–76.4) 74.7 (70.7–78.3) 65.0 (58.1–71.3) 64.4 (51.1–75.8) 72.4 (66.8–77.4) 67.3 (57.7–75.7) 77.6 (72.7–81.9)
Louisiana 67.8 (61.0–74.0) 62.8 (57.8–67.5) 65.0 (60.5–69.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maryland 78.3 (77.4–79.2) 75.6 (74.6–76.6) 76.6 (75.8–77.4) 79.3 (78.6–80.1) 66.9 (64.8–68.8) 67.0 (64.1–69.7) — — — — — —
Massachusetts — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Michigan 78.1 (73.5–82.1) 74.6 (68.3–80.1) 76.1 (71.5–80.2) 79.0 (74.6–82.8) 59.3 (49.0–68.9) 59.2 (45.4–71.7) 77.4 (71.9–82.0) 59.1 (51.5–66.3) 80.9 (76.9–84.4)
Missouri 72.4 (66.1–78.0) 67.5 (61.8–72.7) 69.9 (65.2–74.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 79.8 (77.8–81.6) 77.2 (75.4–79.0) 78.5 (76.9–80.0) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 83.1 (79.1–86.5) 75.4 (70.7–79.5) 79.2 (76.2–82.0) 81.8 (78.9–84.3) 64.9 (51.4–76.3) 60.1 (41.4–76.3) 79.5 (75.5–83.0) 62.1 (46.2–75.8) 81.7 (78.0–84.9)
Nevada 73.1 (69.7–76.2) 73.5 (69.7–76.9) 73.1 (70.3–75.7) 74.6 (71.4–77.5) 67.8 (59.7–74.9) 63.3 (48.0–76.3) 73.5 (69.1–77.5) 63.3 (51.5–73.6) 76.1 (72.0–79.7)
New Hampshire 83.1 (81.7–84.5) 82.5 (81.2–83.8) 82.8 (81.8–83.8) 84.6 (83.6–85.5) 72.4 (69.4–75.3) 74.2 (69.6–78.2) 83.3 (81.9–84.6) 70.4 (66.1–74.5) 84.2 (82.7–85.5)
New Mexico 76.6 (74.1–78.9) 72.8 (70.1–75.3) 74.6 (72.3–76.8) 77.2 (74.8–79.4) 66.1 (62.1–69.8) 54.4 (48.4–60.4) 74.7 (71.5–77.7) 57.2 (52.0–62.4) 78.7 (76.5–80.8)
New York 77.7 (74.6–80.4) 76.8 (72.1–81.0) 76.7 (73.0–80.1) 79.9 (77.1–82.4) 65.6 (52.9–76.4) 63.1 (57.1–68.6) 78.1 (75.4–80.5) 65.4 (57.0–72.9) 80.6 (75.5–84.8)
North Carolina — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Dakota 78.4 (75.3–81.2) 76.1 (72.1–79.8) 77.1 (74.5–79.5) 79.4 (76.7–81.8) 62.5 (55.5–68.9) 64.4 (52.7–74.7) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 74.6 (69.9–78.8) 72.0 (67.1–76.4) 73.1 (69.3–76.6) 74.3 (70.2–78.0) 69.8 (59.4–78.6) 60.8 (39.4–78.6) 72.9 (69.1–76.4) 73.4 (55.7–85.8) 74.5 (68.5–79.8)
Pennsylvania 81.3 (78.8–83.6) 78.0 (75.2–80.7) 79.5 (77.3–81.6) 81.1 (79.0–83.1) 70.6 (63.1–77.0) 68.0 (59.5–75.4) 78.4 (75.4–81.1) 73.1 (66.5–78.8) 83.5 (80.9–85.8)
Rhode Island 82.0 (73.7–88.2) 77.4 (69.2–83.9) 79.4 (71.8–85.4) 80.8 (72.4–87.1) 75.7 (69.5–81.0) 65.1 (52.2–76.2) 78.4 (66.7–86.8) 69.6 (57.9–79.2) 82.7 (76.5–87.6)
South Carolina 71.0 (66.9–74.8) 71.9 (67.3–76.0) 71.2 (67.4–74.8) 73.4 (69.1–77.3) 55.9 (47.5–63.9) 54.2 (29.1–77.2) 74.1 (69.1–78.6) 57.8 (49.1–66.1) 73.2 (66.8–78.8)
Tennessee 76.2 (72.0–80.0) 72.7 (67.3–77.5) 74.3 (70.3–77.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 71.7 (66.6–76.3) 68.5 (63.2–73.3) 70.0 (66.2–73.6) 71.5 (67.5–75.1) 62.8 (52.6–72.0) 59.8 (44.6–73.3) 68.9 (63.7–73.7) 64.8 (52.3–75.7) 73.5 (69.9–76.8)
Utah 78.0 (71.0–83.6) 76.1 (71.2–80.5) 76.8 (71.3–81.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Virginia 78.7 (74.3–82.6) 73.8 (69.9–77.4) 76.1 (72.6–79.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 79.4 (75.0–83.2) 74.9 (70.6–78.7) 77.1 (74.1–79.8) 79.5 (76.5–82.3) 60.9 (47.9–72.6) 51.5 (35.9–66.8) 77.6 (72.9–81.6) 55.3 (39.6–70.1) 81.4 (77.5–84.8)
Wisconsin 78.6 (74.5–82.3) 79.2 (74.9–82.9) 78.9 (75.5–82.0) 81.1 (77.7–84.1) 67.6 (59.5–74.8) 64.6 (54.9–73.2) 80.7 (76.3–84.5) 71.2 (61.9–79.0) 80.0 (75.3–84.0)
Median 77.7 73.8 76.1 79.0 66.1 63.1 75.1 64.8 78.7
Range 67.8–83.1 62.8–82.5 65.0–82.8 68.6–84.6 55.9–75.7 50.6–76.4 66.4–83.3 55.3–73.5 70.5–84.2
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 69.6 (63.0–75.5) 57.7 (51.0–64.1) 64.0 (59.2–68.5) 65.9 (60.5–70.8) 61.7 (48.3–73.5) 62.6 (41.6–79.7) 69.9 (62.8–76.2) 58.3 (47.2–68.5) 67.6 (59.3–75.0)
Boston, MA 76.4 (72.8–79.7) 71.1 (67.0–74.9) 73.6 (71.1–75.9) 73.3 (70.4–76.1) 75.2 (67.0–81.9) 71.3 (58.3–81.5) 73.1 (69.2–76.8) 67.8 (57.7–76.5) 77.0 (73.2–80.4)
Broward County, FL 70.9 (64.6–76.5) 71.4 (65.1–76.9) 70.8 (66.1–75.0) 70.0 (65.5–74.1) 73.4 (63.4–81.5) 78.9 (65.5–88.1) 69.9 (64.4–74.9) 69.4 (51.8–82.8) 74.2 (68.2–79.4)
Chicago, IL 69.3 (65.0–73.3) 66.6 (61.1–71.7) 67.7 (64.4–70.8) 70.1 (66.7–73.3) 60.0 (53.4–66.2) 55.1 (44.7–65.0) 67.6 (63.0–71.9) 53.1 (44.1–61.8) 73.4 (70.2–76.4)
Cleveland, OH — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DeKalb County, GA 69.7 (65.7–73.4) 66.0 (62.2–69.6) 67.9 (64.8–70.8) 69.3 (66.2–72.3) 64.4 (57.9–70.5) 60.2 (47.6–71.5) 71.8 (68.2–75.2) 60.6 (50.2–70.1) 68.5 (64.4–72.4)
Detroit, MI 63.9 (58.6–68.8) 58.0 (53.0–62.8) 60.9 (57.5–64.2) 62.9 (59.2–66.5) 54.5 (45.6–63.1) 56.3 (42.7–69.1) 57.3 (51.3–63.0) 58.7 (48.5–68.1) 69.3 (65.8–72.6)
District of Columbia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Duval County, FL 68.9 (66.4–71.2) 66.1 (63.4–68.7) 67.1 (65.2–69.0) 71.5 (69.5–73.5) 54.1 (49.4–58.6) 54.6 (45.1–63.7) 67.8 (64.9–70.6) 56.5 (51.2–61.7) 73.8 (70.7–76.7)
Ft. Worth, TX 69.8 (66.8–72.6) 65.8 (63.1–68.4) 67.6 (65.6–69.5) 68.8 (66.8–70.8) 61.3 (54.6–67.6) 62.1 (51.7–71.6) 68.0 (64.6–71.2) 61.5 (53.0–69.3) 71.0 (68.2–73.5)
Houston, TX 67.8 (64.7–70.8) 61.2 (58.0–64.3) 64.1 (61.7–66.4) 65.6 (62.8–68.2) 60.0 (53.6–66.1) 57.4 (49.2–65.2) 62.6 (58.7–66.3) 56.9 (49.1–64.4) 68.1 (65.5–70.6)
Los Angeles, CA 73.1 (66.9–78.6) 70.4 (65.7–74.8) 71.7 (68.0–75.1) 72.0 (67.9–75.7) 68.7 (58.4–77.5) 73.7 (60.8–83.5) 70.9 (66.2–75.1) 59.4 (46.0–71.6) 74.2 (69.1–78.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL 73.3 (70.4–76.1) 69.5 (66.2–72.5) 71.0 (68.7–73.3) 72.0 (69.4–74.4) 67.5 (61.5–73.0) 63.2 (51.6–73.4) 69.8 (66.3–73.1) 64.0 (57.6–69.9) 75.7 (72.4–78.7)
New York City, NY 70.8 (68.2–73.2) 68.6 (65.0–72.0) 69.4 (66.9–71.8) 71.5 (69.0–73.9) 68.0 (63.7–72.0) 61.2 (57.0–65.3) 69.1 (66.2–71.8) 63.4 (57.8–68.7) 72.1 (69.4–74.7)
Oakland, CA 68.4 (63.9–72.7) 65.9 (61.4–70.1) 66.9 (64.0–69.6) 67.0 (63.9–69.9) 70.1 (62.4–76.8) 65.7 (52.5–76.8) 67.5 (62.5–72.2) 64.9 (56.1–72.7) 69.6 (65.1–73.7)
Orange County, FL 67.6 (63.6–71.4) 69.1 (64.2–73.6) 68.3 (64.8–71.5) 71.0 (67.0–74.7) 60.6 (51.9–68.8) 41.9 (29.0–56.0) 68.6 (62.7–74.0) 55.7 (44.8–66.1) 71.4 (65.3–76.8)
Palm Beach County, FL 71.8 (68.3–75.2) 68.3 (65.2–71.2) 70.0 (67.6–72.3) 71.8 (69.4–74.2) 63.3 (56.4–69.8) 57.7 (46.2–68.4) 72.7 (68.8–76.2) 59.0 (50.1–67.4) 70.4 (67.0–73.6)
Philadelphia, PA 70.3 (65.5–74.7) 65.9 (57.7–73.3) 68.1 (62.2–73.5) 69.5 (63.7–74.7) 62.5 (50.4–73.3) 47.4 (26.7–69.0) 64.9 (58.9–70.4) 53.2 (38.0–67.8) 75.7 (69.5–81.1)
San Diego, CA 76.3 (73.2–79.2) 72.3 (68.8–75.5) 74.2 (71.6–76.6) 74.5 (71.7–77.2) 75.2 (67.3–81.7) 66.5 (52.7–78.0) 72.9 (69.6–76.0) 73.9 (65.5–80.8) 76.0 (72.6–79.2)
San Francisco, CA 76.6 (73.7–79.3) 71.8 (68.0–75.3) 74.1 (71.7–76.5) 75.2 (72.6–77.7) 68.2 (61.9–73.9) 67.8 (57.8–76.4) 73.4 (68.2–78.1) 65.0 (54.3–74.3) 77.0 (74.6–79.3)
Shelby County, TN 68.4 (64.7–71.9) 63.9 (60.3–67.3) 66.0 (63.8–68.2) 67.7 (65.1–70.1) 61.3 (52.8–69.1) 59.4 (41.2–75.4) 67.6 (64.1–70.9) 60.2 (50.5–69.1) 68.5 (63.0–73.5)
Median 69.8 66.6 68.1 70.1 63.3 61.2 69.1 60.2 72.1
Range 63.9–76.6 57.7–72.3 60.9–74.2 62.9–75.2 54.1–75.2 41.9–78.9 57.3–73.4 53.1–73.9 67.6–77.0

* For a check-up, exam, teeth cleaning, or other dental work, during the 12 months before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 236. Percentage of high school students who got 8 or more hours of sleep,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 24.6 (22.8–26.5) 26.3 (24.6–28.2) 25.4 (24.0–26.9)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 25.6 (23.5–27.8) 28.1 (25.8–30.5) 26.7 (25.1–28.4)
Black§ 22.8 (18.3–28.0) 25.6 (21.3–30.4) 24.1 (21.4–27.1)
Hispanic 25.3 (22.9–27.9) 25.7 (22.2–29.5) 25.5 (23.1–28.0)
Grade
9 32.3 (29.1–35.7) 37.5 (34.0–41.1) 34.8 (32.1–37.6)
10 26.0 (22.8–29.5) 27.0 (23.4–31.0) 26.6 (23.9–29.4)
11 21.1 (18.8–23.7) 21.6 (18.4–25.2) 21.4 (19.3–23.5)
12 17.9 (15.1–21.1) 17.3 (14.7–20.2) 17.6 (15.8–19.5)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 25.6 (23.6–27.7) 26.4 (24.5–28.3) 25.9 (24.3–27.6)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 18.1 (15.1–21.5) 18.0 (12.4–25.4) 17.8 (14.5–21.5)
Not sure 20.5 (15.6–26.4) 32.1 (24.0–41.5) 24.7 (20.1–30.1)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 21.2 (19.5–23.0) 22.5 (20.3–24.7) 21.9 (20.3–23.5)
Same sex only or both sexes 16.6 (13.1–20.8) 13.5 (9.0–19.7) 15.8 (12.5–19.8)
No sexual contact 28.4 (25.9–31.0) 31.3 (28.5–34.2) 29.8 (27.6–32.0)

* On an average school night.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 237. Percentage of high school students who got 8 or more hours of sleep,* by sex, — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 24.6 (20.5–29.3) 27.4 (24.1–31.0) 26.1 (23.3–29.1) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arkansas 21.9 (17.0–27.8) 25.7 (21.0–31.1) 23.8 (19.9–28.1) 24.9 (21.1–29.0) 16.9 (10.4–26.4) 24.1 (12.4–41.4) 22.8 (19.0–27.1) 12.7 (5.9–25.2) 31.3 (25.6–37.6)
California 25.2 (22.8–27.9) 29.1 (25.3–33.2) 27.2 (25.0–29.5) 28.3 (26.0–30.6) 19.1 (14.9–24.2) 19.5 (12.2–29.6) 23.8 (20.6–27.3) 20.8 (13.9–29.9) 30.6 (26.6–35.0)
Colorado 26.6 (22.4–31.2) 35.5 (30.5–40.9) 31.1 (27.6–34.8) 31.1 (27.1–35.4) 26.4 (15.8–40.8) 27.3 (16.5–41.8) — — — — — —
Connecticut 18.9 (16.3–21.8) 20.8 (17.7–24.3) 20.0 (17.4–22.9) 21.0 (18.1–24.3) 14.1 (10.0–19.5) 15.8 (10.0–24.0) 17.1 (14.0–20.7) 15.5 (10.7–21.9) 23.5 (20.4–26.9)
Delaware 23.2 (20.3–26.3) 24.5 (21.7–27.6) 23.8 (21.6–26.1) 25.0 (22.5–27.7) 14.1 (10.1–19.3) 24.4 (13.4–40.2) 21.0 (18.2–24.2) 16.0 (10.5–23.7) 28.3 (25.2–31.7)
Florida 19.5 (17.4–21.6) 22.6 (21.1–24.2) 21.1 (19.7–22.6) 21.5 (20.0–23.0) 17.0 (13.5–21.2) 20.0 (14.8–26.5) 18.9 (17.2–20.8) 16.9 (12.8–21.9) 23.4 (21.6–25.3)
Hawaii 20.3 (18.1–22.7) 25.7 (23.2–28.5) 22.8 (21.1–24.6) 24.1 (22.2–26.2) 14.5 (10.6–19.6) 18.3 (12.4–26.1) 20.8 (18.0–24.0) 14.4 (10.2–20.0) 25.7 (22.8–28.9)
Idaho — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 20.4 (17.5–23.6) 24.7 (21.2–28.6) 22.4 (19.3–25.8) 23.3 (19.9–27.0) 12.7 (7.6–20.2) 23.7 (17.0–32.0) 19.6 (15.6–24.2) 11.0 (5.9–19.5) 28.1 (24.3–32.2)
Iowa 21.6 (17.9–25.9) 24.2 (20.2–28.8) 22.9 (20.0–26.1) 23.5 (20.9–26.4) 11.9 (6.5–20.8) 32.1 (16.1–53.8) 20.5 (15.9–26.0) 10.1 (4.5–21.0) 26.9 (22.0–32.3)
Kansas 25.5 (22.6–28.7) 32.0 (27.6–36.7) 28.8 (25.9–31.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 20.8 (17.5–24.6) 23.3 (19.4–27.7) 22.0 (19.3–25.0) 23.0 (20.2–26.0) 16.9 (11.3–24.6) 15.2 (7.0–30.0) 17.4 (14.3–21.0) 13.2 (7.7–21.6) 27.9 (23.6–32.6)
Louisiana 23.1 (17.7–29.6) 19.7 (14.5–26.2) 21.3 (16.9–26.6) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine 27.3 (25.0–29.7) 29.6 (27.5–31.7) 28.5 (26.6–30.4) 30.1 (28.3–32.0) 17.1 (14.5–20.1) 27.4 (21.6–34.1) 25.2 (22.8–27.8) 18.4 (15.9–21.1) 34.3 (32.2–36.6)
Maryland — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Massachusetts 17.3 (15.2–19.7) 22.3 (19.6–25.3) 19.8 (18.2–21.5) 20.6 (18.8–22.5) 10.1 (7.5–13.6) 22.3 (15.2–31.5) 16.9 (14.4–19.7) 12.9 (9.2–17.7) 23.2 (20.6–26.0)
Michigan 17.1 (14.1–20.6) 21.7 (18.1–26.0) 19.4 (16.6–22.6) 19.9 (17.1–22.9) 12.6 (6.9–21.9) 23.8 (13.2–39.0) 13.9 (10.8–17.7) 14.2 (8.3–23.4) 25.3 (21.3–29.7)
Missouri 20.4 (16.3–25.3) 20.2 (16.4–24.5) 20.3 (17.5–23.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 30.7 (28.5–32.9) 34.8 (32.0–37.8) 32.8 (30.7–34.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 24.8 (20.0–30.4) 28.9 (24.2–34.0) 26.8 (23.1–30.8) 28.0 (24.0–32.4) 17.9 (10.2–29.3) 20.6 (11.4–34.3) 19.9 (15.9–24.7) 12.0 (6.7–20.5) 33.4 (28.3–38.9)
Nevada 21.5 (18.4–25.1) 24.6 (21.8–27.5) 23.1 (20.9–25.3) 24.0 (21.8–26.5) 16.9 (11.2–24.6) 25.9 (15.1–40.7) 20.4 (16.0–25.7) 18.9 (13.6–25.5) 26.1 (23.4–29.1)
New Hampshire 23.5 (22.1–24.9) 27.7 (26.1–29.3) 25.5 (24.4–26.6) 26.5 (25.3–27.8) 17.5 (15.0–20.4) 22.5 (18.6–26.9) 23.0 (21.6–24.6) 17.5 (14.3–21.2) 29.4 (27.8–31.1)
New Mexico 27.7 (25.9–29.5) 31.9 (29.6–34.2) 29.8 (28.0–31.6) 31.1 (29.2–33.0) 21.9 (18.0–26.2) 27.4 (22.0–33.6) 25.1 (22.6–27.8) 20.6 (16.2–25.8) 35.6 (33.6–37.6)
New York 20.7 (18.6–22.8) 22.3 (20.0–24.9) 21.5 (19.8–23.2) 22.0 (19.9–24.2) 14.4 (11.7–17.5) 24.0 (19.0–29.8) 18.2 (16.0–20.5) 14.0 (10.4–18.5) 24.9 (22.7–27.2)
North Carolina 22.1 (20.1–24.3) 25.4 (21.5–29.6) 23.7 (21.7–25.9) 25.9 (23.7–28.3) 11.7 (9.3–14.6) 11.5 (5.1–23.9) 20.9 (18.6–23.4) 12.5 (8.7–17.5) 29.7 (25.8–33.9)
North Dakota 30.2 (27.4–33.1) 33.5 (30.1–37.2) 31.8 (29.3–34.3) 32.9 (30.3–35.5) 22.3 (16.6–29.4) 31.4 (21.6–43.2) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 23.0 (18.3–28.4) 30.3 (25.6–35.4) 26.8 (24.2–29.7) 28.6 (26.0–31.3) 17.2 (10.9–26.1) 13.3 (7.2–23.2) 22.6 (19.6–25.9) 21.4 (11.5–36.2) 32.8 (28.7–37.0)
Pennsylvania 18.4 (16.3–20.7) 24.1 (21.6–26.9) 21.3 (19.5–23.2) 22.5 (20.5–24.7) 11.6 (8.6–15.5) 16.9 (10.7–25.6) 16.4 (14.2–18.8) 15.1 (9.4–23.4) 27.0 (24.4–29.8)
Rhode Island — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
South Carolina 23.6 (19.5–28.3) 26.9 (22.1–32.3) 25.2 (21.8–28.9) 26.7 (22.7–31.0) 18.0 (13.0–24.4) 13.2 (6.3–25.8) 23.8 (18.6–30.0) 13.5 (8.3–21.2) 29.9 (25.2–35.0)
Tennessee 22.7 (19.6–26.1) 22.9 (18.8–27.6) 22.7 (19.6–26.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 23.0 (20.7–25.5) 27.2 (23.1–31.8) 25.1 (22.2–28.2) 26.4 (23.4–29.6) 17.2 (10.5–27.0) 20.9 (12.9–32.1) 20.9 (17.2–25.1) 15.6 (9.7–24.2) 30.9 (26.5–35.6)
Utah 18.6 (14.7–23.3) 27.0 (22.9–31.5) 22.8 (19.3–26.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Virginia 23.2 (20.7–25.9) 30.7 (27.4–34.2) 27.0 (24.5–29.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 20.3 (16.9–24.3) 23.0 (19.0–27.6) 21.6 (19.2–24.3) 21.9 (19.3–24.7) 18.5 (12.3–26.9) 20.0 (8.1–41.5) 15.8 (13.2–18.8) 11.3 (5.7–21.2) 32.0 (27.6–36.7)
Wisconsin 24.1 (20.6–28.0) 27.2 (23.8–30.8) 25.6 (23.1–28.3) 26.8 (24.4–29.3) 16.0 (11.4–21.8) 17.5 (11.7–25.5) 19.0 (16.7–21.6) 13.4 (8.7–19.9) 33.0 (29.2–37.1)
Median 22.8 25.7 23.7 24.9 16.9 21.6 20.4 14.3 28.9
Range 17.1–30.7 19.7–35.5 19.4–32.8 19.9–32.9 10.1–26.4 11.5–32.1 13.9–25.2 10.1–21.4 23.2–35.6
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 22.1 (16.4–29.0) 17.6 (12.2–24.8) 20.2 (15.8–25.4) 19.5 (14.2–26.1) 20.8 (11.8–33.8) 26.9 (14.4–44.5) 15.7 (10.7–22.4) 14.9 (7.4–27.8) 25.1 (18.9–32.5)
Boston, MA 14.1 (11.2–17.5) 15.9 (12.9–19.4) 15.0 (12.7–17.5) 15.1 (12.8–17.8) 10.2 (6.1–16.5) 15.1 (7.6–27.7) 13.1 (10.4–16.4) 12.8 (7.7–20.7) 17.3 (14.1–21.0)
Broward County, FL 10.5 (6.8–15.8) 13.8 (10.3–18.2) 12.1 (9.4–15.4) 12.7 (9.6–16.7) 9.9 (3.9–22.9) 10.1 (3.5–25.9) 11.7 (7.6–17.6) 11.4 (5.0–23.9) 13.7 (9.9–18.8)
Chicago, IL 17.0 (14.4–20.1) 17.0 (13.9–20.6) 17.0 (15.4–18.6) 17.1 (15.3–19.1) 15.4 (10.0–23.1) 18.6 (11.7–28.4) 14.4 (12.0–17.1) 12.5 (6.6–22.4) 20.8 (18.0–24.0)
Cleveland, OH 21.8 (18.5–25.4) 21.0 (17.0–25.7) 21.4 (18.7–24.3) 22.7 (19.9–25.8) 14.8 (9.8–21.9) 14.3 (7.5–25.6) 19.3 (15.2–24.3) 13.3 (7.9–21.4) 26.2 (22.1–30.9)
DeKalb County, GA 21.1 (18.6–24.0) 24.2 (21.0–27.6) 22.6 (20.3–25.0) 24.7 (22.2–27.4) 11.9 (8.2–17.0) 14.3 (8.5–23.0) 19.8 (16.8–23.1) 12.7 (8.1–19.3) 27.9 (24.4–31.6)
Detroit, MI 16.4 (13.3–20.1) 13.9 (11.0–17.5) 15.2 (12.8–17.8) 15.3 (12.8–18.2) 10.9 (6.8–17.0) 20.3 (10.3–36.1) 13.3 (10.1–17.4) 11.5 (6.7–18.8) 17.1 (13.9–20.9)
District of Columbia 25.0 (23.7–26.5) 24.6 (23.1–26.1) 24.6 (23.6–25.7) 25.7 (24.6–26.9) 19.9 (17.6–22.5) 22.9 (18.3–28.2) 22.0 (20.4–23.6) 19.1 (16.4–22.2) 29.1 (27.4–30.9)
Duval County, FL 16.2 (14.2–18.5) 19.0 (16.7–21.5) 17.6 (15.9–19.3) 18.2 (16.3–20.3) 14.1 (10.4–18.8) 19.7 (14.2–26.8) 16.4 (14.0–19.1) 12.3 (8.8–17.0) 21.9 (19.3–24.6)
Ft. Worth, TX 26.0 (23.6–28.5) 31.0 (28.4–33.7) 28.3 (26.4–30.3) 29.1 (27.0–31.2) 18.2 (13.7–23.9) 30.8 (22.9–39.9) 23.2 (20.8–25.8) 12.9 (8.4–19.2) 34.4 (31.6–37.3)
Houston, TX 21.9 (19.6–24.3) 27.4 (25.0–29.9) 24.6 (22.8–26.5) 26.0 (23.9–28.3) 15.5 (12.0–19.7) 21.3 (15.9–28.0) 23.7 (20.7–27.0) 14.9 (10.7–20.4) 28.0 (25.5–30.6)
Los Angeles, CA 27.4 (23.0–32.4) 33.6 (28.3–39.2) 30.5 (26.5–34.9) 30.8 (26.8–35.0) 25.6 (18.2–34.9) 28.4 (16.3–44.7) 26.3 (21.7–31.5) 24.6 (15.1–37.4) 34.4 (28.5–40.8)
Miami-Dade County, FL 15.0 (13.2–17.1) 16.1 (14.1–18.3) 15.5 (14.1–17.1) 16.3 (14.8–18.0) 10.2 (7.2–14.2) 12.3 (6.4–22.4) 12.9 (10.9–15.2) 11.0 (7.4–16.0) 18.9 (15.7–22.6)
New York City, NY 22.3 (19.6–25.3) 23.2 (20.9–25.8) 22.6 (20.4–25.0) 23.8 (21.5–26.2) 16.5 (13.5–20.1) 21.3 (17.9–25.1) 19.7 (17.2–22.6) 14.1 (10.7–18.4) 26.0 (23.6–28.6)
Oakland, CA 27.5 (23.4–31.9) 29.5 (25.8–33.4) 28.3 (25.2–31.6) 29.8 (26.6–33.2) 17.6 (12.3–24.6) 19.8 (11.2–32.8) 24.1 (20.3–28.3) 7.1 (3.7–13.0) 34.9 (31.0–39.0)
Orange County, FL 12.6 (9.8–16.0) 17.6 (14.5–21.2) 15.1 (12.8–17.8) 16.0 (13.3–19.1) 8.5 (5.1–14.0) 15.0 (7.5–27.9) 11.5 (8.9–14.8) 9.1 (4.8–16.6) 19.5 (15.5–24.2)
Palm Beach County, FL 17.8 (15.3–20.7) 18.7 (16.2–21.6) 18.2 (16.3–20.4) 18.9 (16.7–21.4) 12.1 (8.5–16.9) 17.3 (10.9–26.5) 15.1 (12.7–18.0) 15.0 (10.7–20.7) 21.9 (18.8–25.3)
Philadelphia, PA 15.9 (12.5–19.9) 17.5 (12.3–24.1) 16.6 (13.6–20.0) 17.0 (13.8–20.8) 14.2 (8.7–22.2) 16.8 (6.4–37.6) 14.1 (9.7–20.1) 12.9 (7.3–21.7) 20.6 (16.4–25.6)
San Diego, CA 23.0 (20.3–25.9) 31.2 (27.3–35.4) 27.2 (24.6–29.9) 28.8 (25.8–31.9) 17.4 (13.1–22.9) 20.4 (13.5–29.5) 22.5 (19.9–25.4) 18.9 (13.2–26.3) 31.9 (28.3–35.7)
San Francisco, CA 22.3 (19.2–25.7) 25.2 (22.2–28.4) 23.8 (21.1–26.7) 24.3 (21.5–27.4) 15.3 (10.2–22.3) 29.8 (21.5–39.5) 17.8 (14.9–21.1) 14.8 (8.9–23.6) 27.1 (23.7–30.7)
Shelby County, TN 19.6 (16.6–23.0) 20.0 (15.9–24.9) 19.8 (17.2–22.7) 21.4 (18.4–24.8) 14.9 (10.0–21.5) 11.5 (5.9–21.4) 17.1 (13.7–21.1) 14.5 (8.9–22.8) 25.7 (21.2–30.9)
Median 21.1 20.0 20.2 21.4 14.9 19.7 17.1 12.9 25.7
Range 10.5–27.5 13.8–33.6 12.1–30.5 12.7–30.8 8.5–25.6 10.1–30.8 11.5–26.3 7.1–24.6 13.7–34.9

* On an average school night.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 238. Percentage of high school students who used an indoor tanning device,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 7.5 (5.8–9.5) 3.5 (2.9–4.3) 5.6 (4.7–6.6)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 10.1 (7.5–13.4) 2.8 (2.0–4.0) 6.6 (5.3–8.3)
Black§ 3.8 (2.5–5.8) 7.0 (4.8–10.2) 5.5 (4.1–7.3)
Hispanic 3.0 (2.3–4.0) 3.4 (2.6–4.4) 3.2 (2.7–3.9)
Grade
9 5.0 (3.5–7.3) 2.3 (1.5–3.5) 3.7 (2.7–4.9)
10 4.2 (2.7–6.5) 4.3 (3.0–6.2) 4.3 (3.3–5.7)
11 8.1 (5.7–11.4) 2.9 (2.1–3.9) 5.5 (4.3–7.2)
12 12.9 (9.7–17.0) 4.5 (3.3–6.0) 8.9 (7.2–11.0)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 8.4 (6.5–10.8) 2.8 (2.2–3.6) 5.4 (4.4–6.6)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 4.9 (3.3–7.2) 9.4 (5.0–16.9) 6.0 (4.1–8.7)
Not sure 5.0 (3.1–8.0) 15.6 (9.4–24.9) 9.9 (7.0–14.0)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 12.1 (9.1–15.8) 4.1 (3.2–5.4) 7.7 (6.2–9.6)
Same sex only or both sexes 9.2 (6.6–12.7) 15.6 (9.0–25.6) 10.8 (8.0–14.3)
No sexual contact 3.4 (2.4–4.8) 1.1 (0.7–1.8) 2.3 (1.7–3.1)

* Such as a sunlamp, sunbed, or tanning booth, not counting getting a spray-on tan, one or more times during the 12 months before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 239. Percentage of high school students who had a sunburn,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 61.6 (58.4–64.7) 52.8 (49.4–56.0) 57.2 (54.1–60.3)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 78.8 (76.6–80.9) 70.5 (68.1–72.8) 74.8 (73.0–76.5)
Black§ 15.5 (12.7–18.8) 10.4 (7.3–14.6) 13.0 (10.4–16.1)
Hispanic 50.1 (46.2–54.0) 40.3 (37.0–43.6) 45.0 (42.4–47.8)
Grade
9 61.5 (56.9–65.9) 53.6 (49.2–58.0) 57.7 (53.9–61.4)
10 61.2 (56.5–65.7) 52.9 (48.7–56.9) 57.2 (53.1–61.2)
11 59.9 (55.4–64.3) 51.2 (46.2–56.2) 55.6 (51.5–59.7)
12 63.9 (59.3–68.2) 53.2 (48.2–58.1) 58.7 (54.5–62.9)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 62.7 (59.5–65.7) 52.2 (48.7–55.6) 57.0 (53.9–60.0)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 54.6 (50.0–59.1) 62.3 (54.6–69.5) 56.2 (51.7–60.6)
Not sure 56.6 (47.4–65.3) 45.7 (33.8–58.1) 52.4 (44.3–60.4)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 65.6 (62.3–68.8) 53.4 (49.4–57.4) 58.9 (55.5–62.3)
Same sex only or both sexes 57.0 (51.4–62.4) 59.7 (49.3–69.3) 57.7 (52.0–63.2)
No sexual contact 58.9 (54.8–62.8) 52.4 (48.8–56.1) 55.7 (52.3–59.1)

* Counting the number of times even a small part of their skin turned red or hurt for 12 hours or more after being outside in the sun or after using a sunlamp or other indoor tanning device, one or more times during the 12 months before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 240. Percentage of high school students who had to avoid some foods because eating the food could cause an allergic reaction,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 18.4 (17.1–19.8) 11.9 (10.7–13.2) 15.2 (14.2–16.3)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 17.6 (16.0–19.2) 10.5 (8.9–12.3) 14.3 (12.9–15.7)
Black§ 24.1 (21.5–27.0) 16.6 (14.3–19.2) 20.4 (18.8–22.1)
Hispanic 17.2 (14.5–20.3) 11.1 (9.2–13.3) 14.1 (12.4–16.0)
Grade
9 17.3 (14.9–20.1) 11.5 (9.5–13.9) 14.5 (12.8–16.4)
10 19.7 (17.5–22.0) 13.0 (10.8–15.7) 16.5 (14.8–18.3)
11 18.1 (15.9–20.6) 10.0 (8.4–11.8) 14.1 (12.7–15.8)
12 18.5 (15.7–21.7) 12.9 (10.6–15.6) 15.8 (13.8–18.1)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 17.9 (16.3–19.6) 11.6 (10.3–13.1) 14.5 (13.5–15.7)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 19.9 (16.7–23.7) 18.9 (12.2–28.0) 19.6 (16.9–22.7)
Not sure 23.0 (15.6–32.5) 11.4 (6.5–19.3) 18.3 (13.4–24.5)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 19.2 (16.9–21.9) 12.3 (10.6–14.3) 15.5 (14.0–17.0)
Same sex only or both sexes 20.9 (17.0–25.4) 18.1 (12.7–25.1) 20.2 (16.9–24.0)
No sexual contact 16.9 (15.2–18.7) 10.9 (9.4–12.6) 14.0 (12.9–15.1)

* Such as skin rashes, swelling, itching, vomiting, coughing, or trouble breathing.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 241. National health objectives and leading health indicators from Healthy People 2020 (HP 2020),* measured by the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), 2017Return to your place in the text
Topic area Objective number* Objective Behavior description % students in grades 9–12
HP2020
target		 2017
YRBS
Adolescent health AH-7 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who have been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property Were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property during the past 12 months 20.4 19.8
Cancer C-20.3 Reduce the proportion of adolescents in grades 9 through 12 who report using artificial sources of ultraviolet light for tanning Used an indoor tanning device, such as a sunlamp, sunbed, or tanning booth one or more times during the 12 months before the survey 14.0 5.6
Cancer C-20.5 Increase the proportion of adolescents in grades 9 through 12 who follow protective measures that may reduce the risk of skin cancer Most of the time or always wore sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher when outside for more than 1 hour on a sunny day 11.2 NA†
Injury and violence prevention IVP-34 Reduce physical fighting among adolescents In a physical fight one or more times during the 12 months before the survey 28.4 23.6
Injury and violence prevention IVP-35 Reduce bullying among adolescents Bullied on school property during the 12 months before the survey 17.9 19.0
Injury and violence prevention IVP-36 Reduce weapon carrying by adolescents on school property Carried a weapon (e.g., a gun, knife, or club) on school property on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey 4.6 3.8
Mental health and mental disorders MHMD-2 Reduce suicide attempts by adolescents Made a suicide attempt during the 12 months before the survey that resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse 1.7 2.4
Mental health and mental disorders MHMD-3 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who engage in disordered eating behaviors in an attempt to control their weight Did not eat for 24 or more hours; took diet pills, powders, or liquids without a doctor’s advice; or vomited or took laxatives to lose weight to keep from gaining weight during the 30 days before the survey 12.9 NA
Physical activity PA-3.1 Increase the proportion of adolescents who meet current Federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity Were physically active doing any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time for a total of at least 60 minutes per day on each of the 7 days before the survey 31.6 26.1
Physical activity PA-3.2 Increase the proportion of adolescents who meet current Federal physical activity guidelines for muscle-strengthening activity Participated in muscle strengthening activities, such as push-ups, sit-ups or weight lifting on 3 or more days during the 7 days before the survey None set 51.1
Physical activity PA-3.3 Increase the proportion of adolescents who meet current Federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity and for muscle-strengthening activity Were physically active doing any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time for a total of at least 60 minutes per day on each of the 7 days before the survey and who participated in muscle strengthening activities, such as push-ups, sit-ups or weight lifting on 3 or more days during the 7 days before the survey None set 20.0
Physical activity PA-5 Increase the proportion of adolescents who participate in daily school physical education Went to physical education classes 5 days in an average week when they are in school 36.6 29.9
Physical activity PA-8.2.3 Increase the proportion of adolescents in grades 9 through 12 who view television, videos, or play video games for no more than 2 hours a day Watched television for no more than 2 hours per day on an average school day 73.9 79.3
Physical activity PA-8.3.3 Increase the proportion of adolescents in grades 9 through 12 who use a computer or play computer games outside of school (for nonschool work) for no more than 2 hours a day Played video or computer games or used a computer for something that was not school work for no more than 2 hours per day on an average school day 82.6 57.0
Sleep health SH-3 Increase the proportion of students in grades 9 through 12 who get sufficient sleep Had 8 or more hours of sleep on an average school night 33.2 25.4
Substance abuse SA-1 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who report that they rode, during the previous 30 days, with a driver who had been drinking alcohol Rode in a car or other vehicle one or more times driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol during the 30 days before the survey 25.5 16.5
Tobacco use TU-2.1 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who use tobacco products (past 30 days) Smoked cigarettes; used chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip; or smoked cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars on at least one day during the 30 days before the survey 21.0 NA
Tobacco use TU-2.2 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who use cigarettes (past 30 days) Currently smoked cigarettes on at least one day during the 30 days before the survey 16.0 8.8
Tobacco use TU-2.3 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who use smokeless tobacco products (past 30 days) Currently used chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip on at least one day during the 30 days before the survey 6.9 NA
Tobacco use TU-2.4 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who use cigars (past 30 days) Currently smoked cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars on at least one day during the 30 days before the survey 8.0 8.0

Tobacco use
TU-7
Increase smoking cessation attempts by adolescent smokers
Tried to quit smoking cigarettes, among students who ever smoked cigarettes daily during the 12 months before the survey
64.0
NA
* Source: Adapted from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and Office of Disease Prevention Health Promotion, Healthy People 2020. Washington, DC.
Available at http://www.healthypeople.gov. Accessed January 17, 2018.
† Not available from the 2017 national YRBS.
Leading Health Indicator.

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