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A Model to Assess the Costs and Consequences of Changes in Diet and Nutrition From Potential Population-Wide Policies: The Microsimulation of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease (MONDAC)
ORIGINAL RESEARCH — Volume 22 — October 9, 2025
PEER REVIEWED
Figure 1. Policy effects on foods intake chosen by the model from either selected food categories or food sources impact by policy. The mechanisms are calories and dietary quality. Calories affect weight change, which affects diabetes risk and CVD risk. Dietary quality affects the aHEI score that also informs diabetes risk, and it affects the Healthy Heart Score that informs CVD risk. The disease states from diabetes and CVD are diabetes only, CVD only, Diabetes and CVD, and neither diabetes nor CVD. These disease states lead to secondary outcomes of costs, QALYs, and mortality.
Figure 2. All 100 points are in the lower-right quadrant, indicating that 100% of simulations are cost-saving.
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