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Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Receipt of a Breathing Test in 26 States and the District of Columbia, 2017–2018
RESEARCH BRIEF — Volume 21 — May 9, 2024
PEER REVIEWED
Figure.
Prevalence of adults at higher COPD risk and prevalence ratios of receipt of a breathing test, by risk status, among adults without a reported COPD diagnosis, by subgroup, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 26 states and the District of Columbia, 2017–2018. Estimates were adjusted for age with the inclusion of age group as a covariate in the logistic model (unweighted n = 142,858; 813 responses excluded due to missing data on smoking status); prevalence ratios compare the age-adjusted prevalence of receipt of a breathing test among adults at higher COPD risk versus adults not at higher risk. Higher COPD risk was defined as 3 or more symptoms or risk factors from the GOLD’s “Could It Be COPD?” questionnaire (8). Error bars indicate 95% CIs. “Other” non-Hispanic not included due to heterogeneity of this group. Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.
| Subgroup | Prevalence of being at higher risk of COPD, % (95% CI) | Prevalence ratio comparing receipt of test, by risk group, % (95% CI) | Prevalence of receiving a breathing test, by risk group, % (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Higher risk | Not higher risk | |||
| Overall | 15.0 (14.6–15.5) | 1.88 (1.80–1.97) | 41.4 (39.9–42.9) | 22.0 (21.4–22.6) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 15.5 (14.8–16.1) | 1.70 (1.59–1.80) | 41.8 (39.6–43.9) | 24.6 (23.8–25.5) |
| Female | 14.7 (14.1–15.3) | 2.09 (1.95–2.23) | 40.8 (38.7–43.0) | 19.6 (18.8–20.4) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 14.5 (12.8–16.4) | 1.88 (1.54–2.29) | 34.6 (28.8–41.0) | 18.5 (16.7–20.3) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 17.5 (16.3–18.9) | 1.85 (1.64–2.09) | 41.4 (37.3–45.7) | 22.4 (20.8–24.0) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 15.2 (14.8–15.7) | 1.82 (1.74–1.90) | 42.6 (41.1–44.1) | 23.4 (22.8–24.1) |
| Education | ||||
| High school or less | 19.3 (18.5–20.1) | 1.85 (1.72–1.98) | 38.6 (36.5–40.7) | 20.9 (19.9–21.8) |
| Some college | 15.6 (14.8–16.5) | 1.84 (1.69–2.00) | 44.4 (41.5–47.3) | 24.2 (22.9–25.5) |
| College graduate | 8.4 (7.9– 8.9) | 2.09 (1.93–2.26) | 44.1 (41.2–47.1) | 21.1 (20.3–22.0) |
| Urban/rural | ||||
| Large central metro | 13.2 (12.2–14.2) | 2.06 (1.85–2.30) | 43.9 (40.2–47.7) | 21.3 (19.9–22.8) |
| Large fringe metro | 14.8 (13.9–15.8) | 1.86 (1.68–2.06) | 40.3 (37.0–43.8) | 21.7 (20.5–23.0) |
| Medium metro | 15.2 (14.4–16.1) | 1.86 (1.71–2.02) | 43.1 (40.1–46.2) | 23.2 (22.1–24.4) |
| Small metro | 17.0 (15.5–18.6) | 1.74 (1.57–1.93) | 38.5 (35.0–42.0) | 22.1 (20.9–23.3) |
| Micropolitan | 16.8 (15.9–17.6) | 1.79 (1.65–1.95) | 39.7 (37.1–42.4) | 22.2 (21.1–23.4) |
| Rural | 18.0 (17.0–19.2) | 1.74 (1.57–1.92) | 37.2 (34.3–40.3) | 21.4 (20.1–22.8) |
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