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Endometriosis, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Uterine Fibroids in Women Ages 20–49: United States, 2022–2023
NCHS Health E-Stat 121, July 2026
by Colleen N. Nugent, Ph.D., and Kimberly A. Lochner, Sc.D.
Endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and uterine fibroids are among the most common gynecological conditions (1–3). Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining develops outside the uterus (1). PCOS, also known as polyendocrine metabolic ovary syndrome or PMOS, is a condition related to a hormonal imbalance where cysts may develop on the ovaries (2). Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths within or on the wall of the uterus (3). All three conditions may cause pain, infertility, and other symptoms that can negatively impact women’s health and quality of life (1–3). Using data from the 2022–2023 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), this report provides nationally representative estimates of endometriosis, PCOS, and uterine fibroids diagnoses among women ages 20–49 by selected sociodemographic characteristics. It also shows current fertility problems—defined as having either infertility or impaired fecundity (physical ability to have children) (4)—and ever use of fertility services (5) for women diagnosed and not diagnosed with each condition.
Among women ages 20–49 in 2022–2023, 6.2% were ever diagnosed with endometriosis, 8.7% with PCOS, and 7.8% with uterine fibroids. Endometriosis diagnosis was highest among White non-Hispanic women (8.1%) compared with other race and Hispanic-origin groups shown (Table). Endometriosis diagnosis also was higher among those with the highest family income (7.1%) compared with the lowest (4.4%). PCOS diagnosis was lowest among Black non-Hispanic women (4.4%) compared with other race and Hispanic-origin groups shown. Uterine fibroids diagnosis was highest among Black non-Hispanic women (12.5%) compared with other race and Hispanic-origin groups shown. Additionally, 8.7% of women with any college attendance had uterine fibroids compared with 5.5% with a high school diploma or less. Uterine fibroids diagnosis was also higher among women with private health insurance (8.8%) compared with those who were uninsured (5.2%).
A higher percentage of women diagnosed with endometriosis had current fertility problems (33.0%) compared with women not diagnosed with endometriosis (18.6%). Similar results were observed for women with and without a PCOS diagnosis (45.2% compared with 17.1%) and for women with and without a uterine fibroids diagnosis (25.4% compared with 19.0%) (Figure 1). A higher percentage of women diagnosed with endometriosis had ever used fertility services (30.7%) compared with women not diagnosed with endometriosis (12.7%). Similar results were observed for women with and without a PCOS diagnosis (34.5% compared with 11.7%) and for women with and without a uterine fibroids diagnosis (31.4% compared with 12.3%) (Figure 2).
Data source and methods
This report is based on data from 4,856 female respondents ages 20–49 in the 2022–2023 NSFG who were asked if they were ever diagnosed with endometriosis, PCOS, or uterine fibroids. More information on the measures used in this report, including current fertility problems and ever use of fertility services, can be found in other NSFG reports (4,5). Details about survey content, methodology, and funding can be found in documentation on the NSFG webpage (6). All estimates in this report are representative of the U.S. household population of women ages 20–49 in 2022. Statistics were produced using SAS-callable SUDAAN software version 11.0.3 (7) to account for the complex sample design of NSFG. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. The data presented in this report are bivariate associations that may be explained by other factors not controlled for in the figures or not included in the report. All estimates presented meet National Center for Health Statistics data presentation standards for proportions (8).
References
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Endometriosis. 2020. Available from: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/endometriosis.
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 2024. Available from: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos.
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Uterine fibroids. 2018. Available from: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/uterine.
- Nugent CN, Chandra A. Infertility and impaired fecundity in women and men in the United States, 2015–2019. Natl Health Stat Rep. 2024 Apr;(202):1–19. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc/147886.
- Nugent CN, Chandra A. Use of fertility services in women ages 20–49 in the United States: 2022–2023. NCHS Data Brief. 2025 Dec;(542):1–10. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc/174628.
- National Center for Health Statistics. Public-use data file documentation: 2022–2023 National Survey of Family Growth user’s guide. 2024 Dec. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nsfg/guidefaqs/NSFG-2022-2023-UsersGuide-revJuly2025.pdf.
- RTI International. SUDAAN (Release 11.0.3) [computer software]. 2018.
- Parker JD, Talih M, Malec DJ, Beresovsky V, Carroll M, Gonzalez JF Jr, et al. National Center for Health Statistics data presentation standards for proportions. Vital Health Stat 2. 2017 Aug;(175):1–22. PMID: 30248016.
Suggested citation
Nugent CN, Lochner KA. Endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, and uterine fibroids in women ages 20–49: United States, 2022–2023. NCHS Health E-Stat. 2026 Jul;(121):1–5. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc/252459.
Table
| Characteristic | Endometriosis | Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | Uterine fibroids | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent (95% confidence interval) | Standard error | Percent (95% confidence interval) | Standard error | Percent (95% confidence interval) | Standard error | |
| Total | 6.2 (5.2–7.2) | 0.49 | 8.7 (7.7–9.8) | 0.51 | 7.8 (6.8–8.9) | 0.53 |
| Age group | ||||||
| 20–29 | 3.9 (2.7–5.6) | 0.69 | 7.6 (5.7–9.9) | 1.01 | 1.4 (0.8–2.3) | 0.36 |
| 30–39 | 6.3 (4.9–7.9)* | 0.73 | 9.0 (7.3–10.9) | 0.86 | 6.7 (5.3–8.3)* | 0.71 |
| 40–49 | 8.4 (6.6–10.5)* | 0.94 | 9.6 (7.9–11.6) | 0.91 | 15.8 (13.4–18.4)*† | 1.23 |
| Number of live births | ||||||
| No live births | 5.9 (4.6–7.4) | 0.68 | 9.6 (8.1–11.3) | 0.79 | 5.1 (3.9–6.4) | 0.60 |
| One or more live births | 6.4 (5.1–7.8) | 0.67 | 8.0 (6.8–9.3) | 0.60 | 9.8 (8.3–11.5)§ | 0.78 |
| Hispanic origin and race | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic: | ||||||
| Asian | 2.4 (1.1–4.7) | 0.81 | 7.8 (5.2–11.1) | 1.29 | 6.6 (3.9–10.3) | 1.48 |
| Black | 3.7 (2.2–5.9) | 0.87 | 4.4 (2.7–6.7)¶ | 0.94 | 12.5 (9.0–16.7)¶ | 1.84 |
| White | 8.1 (6.6–9.8)¶ | 0.78 | 9.9 (8.4–11.5) | 0.76 | 7.1 (5.6–8.8) | 0.79 |
| Hispanic | 3.7 (2.6–5.1) | 0.59 | 8.2 (5.8–11.1) | 1.28 | 7.4 (5.7–9.4) | 0.87 |
| Education | ||||||
| High school diploma or GED or less | 4.8 (3.2–6.7) | 0.83 | 7.3 (4.9–10.5) | 1.32 | 5.5 (4.1–7.2) | 0.74 |
| Any college attendance | 6.7 (5.5–8.0) | 0.60 | 9.2 (8.2–10.3) | 0.52 | 8.7 (7.4–10.2)** | 0.69 |
| Family income | ||||||
| Less than 150% FPL | 4.4 (2.8–6.5) | 0.88 | 8.1 (6.2–10.4) | 1.01 | 6.4 (4.9–8.1) | 0.77 |
| 150%–299% FPL | 6.0 (4.0–8.6) | 1.09 | 8.6 (6.6–10.9) | 1.02 | 7.9 (5.7–10.7) | 1.20 |
| 300% FPL or more | 7.1 (5.9–8.6)†† | 0.66 | 9.1 (7.8–10.6) | 0.69 | 8.5 (7.0–10.1) | 0.76 |
| Health insurance coverage | ||||||
| Private | 6.8 (5.6–8.1) | 0.60 | 9.7 (8.5–11.1) | 0.65 | 8.8 (7.4–10.3)§§ | 0.71 |
| Public | 5.6 (3.4–8.6) | 1.22 | 7.4 (5.2–10.2) | 1.19 | 6.7 (4.9–8.9) | 0.97 |
| Uninsured | 4.8 (2.7–7.7) | 1.17 | 7.1 (4.2–11.1) | 1.63 | 5.2 (3.3–7.7) | 1.04 |
* Significantly different from ages 20–29 (p < 0.05).
† Significantly different from ages 30–39 (p < 0.05).
§ Significantly different from no live births (p < 0.05).
¶ Significantly different from all other race and Hispanic-origin groups (p < 0.05).
** Significantly different from high school diploma or GED or less (p < 0.05).
†† Significantly different from less than 150% FPL (p < 0.05).
§§ Significantly different from uninsured (p < 0.05).
NOTES: All variables reflect the respondent’s characteristics at time of survey. Total includes women of other or multiple-race groups, as well as other types of insurance such as Medicare, military insurance, and other government health care, not shown separately. People of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Family income is shown as a percentage of the federal poverty level (FPL). Public coverage includes Medicaid, Children’s Health Insurance Program, and state-sponsored health plans. Uninsured includes Indian Health Service and single-service plans.
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Survey of Family Growth, 2022–2023.