Immunization MMWRs

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September 2023

• Davlantes E, Jorba J, Henderson E, Bullard K, Deka MA, Kfutwah A, et al. Notes from the Field: Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 Emergences Linked to Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Type 2 Use — Six African Countries, 2021–2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(38);1041–2.
  cVDPV2 detections originating from nOPV2 use from initial rollout during March 2021–September 7, 2023, are described in this report…
• Bjork A, Akbar IE, Chaudhury S, Wadood MZ, Ather F, Jorba J, et al. Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication — Afghanistan, January 2022–June 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(38);1020–6.
  This report describes activities and progress toward polio eradication in Afghanistan during January 2022–June 2023…
• Fowlkes AL, Nogareda F, Regan A, Loayza S, Mancio JM, Duca LM, et al. Interim Effectiveness Estimates of 2023 Southern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations — REVELAC–i Network, March–July 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(37);1010–5.
  In anticipation of Northern Hemisphere influenza virus circulation, CDC recommends that health authorities encourage U.S. health care providers to administer seasonal influenza vaccine to all eligible persons aged ≥6 months…
• Kobayashi M, Pilishvili T, Farrar JL, Leidner AJ, Gierke R, Prasad N, et al. Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults Aged ≥19 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2023. MMWR. 2023 / 72(RR-3);1–39.
  This report updates and replaces previously published ACIP recommendations for pneumococcal vaccine use in adults…
• Schildhauer S, Saadeh K, Vance J, Quint J, Salih T, Lo T, et al. Reduced Odds of Mpox-Associated Hospitalization Among Persons Who Received JYNNEOS Vaccine — California, May 2022–May 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(36);992–6.
  Among persons with and without HIV infection, mpox-associated hospitalization rates were lower among those who had received ≥1 dose of JYNNEOS vaccine compared with those who were unvaccinated…
• Masresha BG, Hatcher C, Lebo E, Tanifum P, Bwaka AM, Minta AA, et al. Progress Toward Measles Elimination — African Region, 2017–2021 MMWR. 2023 / 72(36);985–91.
  This report describes progress toward the regional measles elimination goal during 2017–2021 and updates the previous report…
• Kahn R, Zielinski L, Gedlinske A, Askelson NM, Petersen C, Parker AM, et al. Health Care Provider Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Adult Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Recommendations — United States, September 28–October 10, 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(36);979–84.
  Interventions to facilitate implementation of the updated pneumococcal vaccine recommendations are needed…
• Sharpe JD, Charniga K, Byrd KM, Stefanos R, Lewis L, Watson J, et al. Possible Exposures Among Mpox Patients Without Reported Male-to-Male Sexual Contact — Six U.S. Jurisdictions, November 1–December 14, 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(35);944–8.
  Deploying JYNNEOS vaccine and focusing outreach and education to communities disproportionately affected by mpox should be prioritized to minimize health disparities…

August 2023

• Jones JM, Fleming-Dutra KE, Prill MM, Roper LE, Brooks O, Sánchez PJ, et al. Use of Nirsevimab for the Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Among Infants and Young Children: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(34);920–5.
  In accordance with general best practices for immunization, simultaneous administration of nirsevimab with age-appropriate vaccines is recommended…
• Pingali C, Yankey D, Elam-Evans LD, Markowitz LE, Valier MR, Fredua B, et al. Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13–17 Years — National Immunization Survey–Teen, United States, 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(34);912–9.
  Providers should review adolescent immunization histories, particularly those of adolescents born in 2008 and those eligible for the Vaccines for Children program, to ensure that adolescents are up to date with all recommended vaccinations…
• Grohskopf LA, Blanton LH, Ferdinands JM, Chung JR, Broder KR, Talbot HK. Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2023–24 Influenza Season MMWR. 2023 / 72(RR-2);1–25.
  This report updates the 2022–23 recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) concerning the use of seasonal influenza vaccines in the United States…
• Eustaquio PC, Salmon-Trejo LA, McGuire LC, Ellington SR. Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Mpox in Adults Aged >50 Years — United States, May 2022–May 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(33);893–6.
  All adults at risk for mpox should receive JYNNEOS vaccine, irrespective of childhood smallpox vaccination status…
• Link-Gelles R, Ciesla AA, Rowley EAK, Klein NP, Naleway AL, Payne AB, et al. Effectiveness of Monovalent and Bivalent mRNA Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters Among Children Aged 6 Months–5 Years — VISION Network, United States, July 2022–June 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(33);886–92.
  All children should stay up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccines, including initiating COVID-19 vaccination immediately when they become eligible…
• Mbaeyi C, Baig S, Safdar RM, Khan Z, Young H, Jorba J, et al. Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication — Pakistan, January 2022–June 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(33);880–5.
  This report describes Pakistan’s progress toward polio eradication during January 2022–June 2023…
• Navarrete J, Barone G, Qureshi I, Woods A, Barbre K, Meng L, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Death Rates Among Maintenance Dialysis Patients During Delta and Early Omicron Waves — United States, June 30, 2021–September 27, 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(32);871–6.
  Patients receiving maintenance dialysis benefit from staying up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccination…
• Ford ND, Slaughter D, Edwards D, Dalton A, Perrine C, Vahratian A, et al. Long COVID and Significant Activity Limitation Among Adults, by Age — United States, June 1–13, 2022, to June 7–19, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(32);866–70.
  COVID-19 prevention efforts, including staying up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccination and planning for long COVID symptom management and health care service needs, remain important…
• Romanson B, Moro PL, Su JR, Marquez P, Nair N, Day B, et al. Notes from the Field: Safety Monitoring of Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine Among Persons Aged ≥12 Years — United States, July 13, 2022–March 13, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(31);850–1.
  To help ensure proper vaccine administration, use of a prevaccination checklist is recommended…
• Tiller EC, Masters NB, Raines KL, Mathis AD, Crooke SN, Zwickl RC, et al. Notes from the Field: Measles Outbreak — Central Ohio, 2022–2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(31);847–9.
  This outbreak serves as a reminder that health care facilities, medical providers, and child care facilities serving undervaccinated populations should maintain vigilance for measles and emphasize the importance of timely MMR vaccination…

July 2023

• Salih T, Vance J, Quint J, Meza B, McNitt L, Lincoln WU, et al. Demographic Disparities in Mpox Vaccination Series Completion, by Route of Vaccine Administration — California, August 9, 2022–March 31, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(30);827–32.
  Continued efforts are needed to ensure persons at risk for mpox receive both recommended doses…
• Melgar M, Britton A, Roper LE, Talbot HK, Long SS, Kotton CN, et al. Use of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines in Older Adults: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(29);793–801.
  This report summarizes the body of evidence considered for this recommendation and provides clinical guidance for the use of RSV vaccines in adults aged ≥60 years…
• Kabore HJ, Li X, Alleman MM, Manzengo CM, Mumba M, Biey J, Paluku G, et al. Progress Toward Hepatitis B Control and Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus — World Health Organization African Region, 2016–2021 MMWR. 2023 / 72(29);782–7.
  This report describes progress made during 2016–2021 to achieve hepatitis B control and elimination of MTCT of HBV in AFR…
• Kaur G, Casey RM, Patel JC, Bloem P, Walldorf JA, Hyde TB. Status of New Vaccine Introduction — Worldwide, 2016–2021 MMWR. 2023 / 72(27);746–50.
  This report describes the status of introductions globally for eight World Health Organization (WHO)–recommended new and underutilized vaccines, comprising 10 individual vaccine antigens…

June 2023

• Masterson JM, Luu M, Dallas KB, Daskivich LP, Spiegel B, Daskivich TJ. Use of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines in Older Adults: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(29);793–801.
  Addressing barriers to vaccination within lower-income communities is critical to reducing disparities in disease incidence and COVID-19–related illness in the United States…
• Faherty EAG, Holly T, Ogale YP, Crisler G, Becht A, Kern D, et al. Notes from the Field: Emergence of an Mpox Cluster Primarily Affecting Persons Previously Vaccinated Against Mpox — Chicago, Illinois, March 18–June 12, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(25);696–8.
  Persons eligible for vaccination, particularly those with advanced HIV and other immunocompromising conditions, should receive 2 doses of JYNNEOS vaccine…
• Wong E, Barbre K, Wiegand RE, Reses HE, Dubendris H, Wallace M, et al. Effectiveness of Up-to-Date COVID-19 Vaccination in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Nursing Home Residents — United States, November 20, 2022–January 8, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(25);690–3.
  Staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccination recommendations and, if eligible, receipt of an additional bivalent dose, provides additional protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection…
• Ma KC, Dorabawila V, León TM, Henry H, Johnson AG, Rosenberg E, et al. Trends in Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections and Associated Hospitalizations and Deaths Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years — 18 U.S. Jurisdictions, September 2021–December 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(25);683–9.
  CDC recommends staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccinations and receiving early antiviral treatment, if eligible, to reduce the risk for severe COVID-19–associated outcomes…
• Khanal S, Bahl S, Sangal L, Dhongde D, O’Connor PM, Crowcroft NS, et al. Progress Toward Rubella Elimination — World Health Organization South-East Asia Region, 2013–2021 MMWR. 2023 / 72(25);678–82.
  This report updates a previous report and describes progress toward rubella elimination in SEAR during 2013–2021…
• Johnson AG, Linde L, Payne AB, Ali AR, Aden V, Armstrong B, et al. Notes from the Field: Comparison of COVID-19 Mortality Rates Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years Who Were Unvaccinated and Those Who Received a Bivalent Booster Dose Within the Preceding 6 Months — 20 U.S. Jurisdictions, September 18, 2022–April 1, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(24);667–9.
  In this assessment of the durability of protection afforded by a bivalent booster dose against COVID-19–associated death among adults aged ≥65 years, receipt of a bivalent booster dose provided substantial protection, with no significant evidence of waning up to 6 months postvaccination…
• Pierce C, Villamagna AH, Cieslak P, Liko J. Notes from the Field: Tetanus in an Unvaccinated Man from Mexico — Oregon, 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(24);665–6.
  This preventable tetanus case highlights the importance of equitable communication practices in health care settings, vigilance for serious but rare vaccine-preventable diseases, early ascertainment of immunization history, and awareness of possible lower vaccination coverage among migrant populations…
• Rubis AB, Howie RL, Marasini D, Sharma S, Marjuki H, McNamara LA. Notes from the Field: Increase in Meningococcal Disease Among Persons with HIV — United States, 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(24);663–4.
  This report describes an increase in meningococcal disease among persons with HIV in the United States in 2022…
• Moulia DL, Wallace M, Roper LE, Godfrey M, Rosenblum HG, Link-Gelles R, et al. Interim Recommendations for Use of Bivalent mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines for Persons Aged ≥6 Months — United States, April 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(24);657–62.
  Transition to a single bivalent COVID-19 vaccine dose for most persons, with additional doses for persons at increased risk for severe disease, facilitates implementation of simpler, more flexible recommendations…
• Ma KC, Shirk P, Lambrou AS, Hassell N, Zheng X, Payne AB, et al. Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Circulation of Omicron Lineages — United States, January 2022–May 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(24);651–6.
  This report summarizes U.S. trends in variant proportions from national genomic surveillance during January 2022–May 2023…
• Kota KK, Chesson H, Hong J, Zelaya C, Spicknall IH, Riser AP, et al. Progress Toward Equitable Mpox Vaccination Coverage: A Shortfall Analysis — United States, May 2022–April 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(23);627–32.
  Vaccination coverage among racial and ethnic minority groups with the largest shortfalls needs to increase substantially to reduce disparities in vaccination coverage and increase health equity…
• Hause AM, Marquez P, Zhang B, Moro PL, Myers TR, Bradley C, et al. Safety Monitoring of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Third Doses Among Children Aged 6 Months–5 Years — United States, June 17, 2022–May 7, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(23);621–6.
  This report includes data for children aged 6 months–5 years who received a third mRNA COVID-19 dose during June 17, 2022–May 7, 2023…
• Stehling-Ariza T, Wilkinson AL, Diop OM, Jorba J, Asghar H, Avagnan T, et al. Surveillance To Track Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication — Worldwide, 2021–2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(23);613–20.
  This report updates previous reports (7,9) to describe surveillance performance during 2021–2022 in 34 priority countries…
• Jones JM, Manrique IM, Stone MS, Grebe E, Saa P, Germanio CD, et al. Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Incidence of Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Blood Donors, by COVID-19 Vaccination Status — United States, April 2021–September 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(22);601–5.
  This report found that the incidence of first-time SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower among persons who had received COVID-19 vaccine than among unvaccinated persons and that infection-induced and hybrid immunity have increased but remain lowest in adults aged ≥65 years…

May 2023

• Link-Gelles R, Weber ZA, Reese SE, Payne AB, Gaglani M, Adams K, et al. Estimates of Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Durability in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization and Critical Illness Among Adults with and Without Immunocompromising Conditions — VISION Network, September 2022–April 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(21);579–88.
  Optional additional bivalent vaccine doses are available for older adults and persons with immunocompromising conditions…
• Zelaya CE, Smith BP, Riser AP, Hong J, Distler S, O’Connor S, et al. Urban and Rural Mpox Incidence Among Persons Aged 15–64 Years — United States, May 10–December 31, 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(21);574–8.
  This report describes urban-rural differences in mpox incidence (cases per 100,000 population) among persons aged 15–64 years, by gender and race and ethnicity…
• Pollock ED, Clay PA, Keen A, Currie DW, Carter RJ, Quilter LAS, et al. Potential for Recurrent Mpox Outbreaks Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men — United States, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(21);568–73.
  Increasing vaccination coverage among MSM at risk and in jurisdictions with low immunity has the potential to reduce the risk for and potential size of future mpox outbreaks…
• Rosenberg ES, Dorabawila V, Hart-Malloy R, Anderson BJ, Miranda W, O’Donnell T, et al. Effectiveness of JYNNEOS Vaccine Against Diagnosed Mpox Infection — New York, 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(20);559–63.
  These findings support recommended 2-dose JYNNEOS vaccination consistent with CDC and New York State Department of Health guidance…
• Dalton AF, Diallo AO, Chard AN, Moulia DL, Deputy NP, Fothergill A, et al. Estimated Effectiveness of JYNNEOS Vaccine in Preventing Mpox: A Multijurisdictional Case-Control Study — United States, August 19, 2022–March 31, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(20);553–8.
  Persons at high risk for mpox exposure should be vaccinated with the recommended 2-dose JYNNEOS series…
• McQuiston JH, Braden CR, Bowen MD, McCollum AM, McDonald R, Carnes N, et al. The CDC Domestic Mpox Response — United States, 2022–2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(20);547–52.
  This report provides an overview of the first year of the response to the U.S. mpox outbreak by CDC, reviews lessons learned to improve response and future readiness, and previews continued mpox response and prevention activities as local viral transmission continues in multiple U.S. jurisdictions…
• Silk BJ, Scobie HM, Duck WM, Palmer T, Ahmad FB, Binder AM, et al. COVID-19 Surveillance After Expiration of the Public Health Emergency Declaration ― United States, May 11, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(19);523–8.
  COVID-19–associated hospitalizations and deaths are largely preventable through receipt of updated vaccines and timely administration of therapeutics…
• Lee SE, Greene SA, Burns CC, Tallis G, Wassilak SG, Bolu O. Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication — Worldwide, January 2021–March 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(19);517–22.
  This report summarizes progress toward global polio eradication during January 1, 2021–March 31, 2023, and updates previous reports…

April 2023

• DeCuir J, Surie D, Zhu Y, Gaglani M, Ginde AA, Douin DJ, et al. Effectiveness of Monovalent mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Death Among Immunocompetent Adults During the Omicron Variant Period — IVY Network, 19 U.S. States, February 1, 2022–January 31, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(17);463–8.
  Monovalent mRNA vaccination was 76% effective in preventing COVID-19–associated IMV and death <6 months after the last dose and remained 56% effective at 1–2 years…
• Luisi N, Sullivan PS, Sanchez T, Bradley H, Fahimi M, Shioda K, et al. Use of COVIDTests.gov At-Home Test Kits Among Adults in a National Household Probability Sample — United States, 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(16);445–9.
  To evaluate the association between race and ethnicity and different testing modalities, aRRs and 95% CIs were estimated using weighted multivariable negative binomial regression; models were adjusted for age, sex, region, education, income, household size, and vaccination status…
• Elam-Evans LD, Jones CP, Vashist K, Yankey D, Smith CS, Kriss JL, et al. The Association of Reported Experiences of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in Health Care with COVID-19 Vaccination Status and Intent — United States, April 22, 2021–November 26, 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(16);437–44.
  This report describes the association between reported experiences of discrimination in U.S. health care settings and COVID-19 vaccination status and intent to be vaccinated by race and ethnicity during April 22, 2021–November 26, 2022, based on the analysis of interview data collected from 1,154,347 respondents to the National Immunization Survey–Adult COVID Module (NIS–ACM)…
• Kota KK, Hong J, Zelaya C, Riser AP, Rodriguez A, Weller DL, et al. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mpox Cases and Vaccination Among Adult Males — United States, May–December 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(15);398–403.
  Sustained equity-based strategies, such as tailored messaging and expanding vaccination services to reach racial and ethnic minority groups, are needed to prevent disparities in future mpox outbreaks…
• Davlantes E, Greene SA, Tobolowsky FA, Biya O, Wiesen E, Abebe F, et al. Update on Wild Poliovirus Type 1 Outbreak — Southeastern Africa, 2021–2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(15);391–7.
  This report summarizes progress in the outbreak response since the initial report…
• Oliver SE, Rubis AB, Soeters HM, Reingold A, Barnes M, Petit S, et al. Secondary Cases of Invasive Disease Caused by Encapsulated and Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae — 10 U.S. Jurisdictions, 2011–2018 MMWR. 2023 / 72(15);386–90.
  Since licensure and recommendation for Hib vaccines were implemented, the incidence of invasive Hib disease in the United States has declined by approximately 99%, accounting for only 1.3% of invasive Hi disease in 2018…
• Bigouette JP, Henderson E, Traoré MA, Wassilak SGF, Jorba J, Mahoney F, et al. Update on Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks — Worldwide, January 2021–December 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(14);366–71.
  Improving routine immunization coverage, strengthening poliovirus surveillance, and conducting timely and high-quality supplementary immunization activity responses to cVDPV outbreaks in 2023 are necessary to stop cVDPV transmission…
• Helmick MJ, Morrow CB, White JH, Bordwine P, et al. Widespread Community Transmission of Hepatitis A Virus Following an Outbreak at a Local Restaurant — Virginia, September 2021–September 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(14);362–5.
  Increasing vaccination coverage among persons with risk factors for hepatitis A infection is important, including among those who use drugs…
• Hamid S, Winn A, Parikh R, Jones JM, McMorrow M, Prill MM, et al. Seasonality of Respiratory Syncytial Virus — United States, 2017–2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(14);355–61.
  Ongoing monitoring of RSV seasonality can guide the timing of immunoprophylaxis and evaluation of new immunization products…

March 2023

• Owens FE, Currie DW, Kramarow EA, Siddique S, Swanson M, Carter RJ, et al. JYNNEOS Vaccination Coverage Among Persons at Risk for Mpox — United States, May 22, 2022–January 31, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(13);342–7.
  Targeted outreach and continued access to and availability of mpox vaccines to persons at risk is important to help prevent and minimize the impact of a resurgence of mpox…
• Fairlie T, Chu B, Thomas ES, Querns, AK, Lyons A, Koziol M, et al. School-Based Interventions to Increase Student COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage in Public School Populations with Low Coverage — Seattle, Washington, December 2021–June 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(11);283–7.
  School health programs can provide critical information about and access to vaccinations…
• Conners EE, Panagiotakopoulos L, Hofmeister MG, Spradling PR, Hagan LM, Harris AM, et al. Screening and Testing for Hepatitis B Virus Infection: CDC Recommendations — United States, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(RR-1);1–25.
  This report updates the 2008 CDC recommendations for risk-based testing and management of persons with chronic HBV infection in the United States…

February 2023

• Luoma E, Rohrer R, Parton H, Hughes S, Omoregie E, Taki F, et al. Notes from the Field: Epidemiologic Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Variant XBB.1.5 — New York City, November 1, 2022–January 4, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(8);212–4.
  Routine linkage of epidemiologic and sequencing data allows tracking of emerging variants and ongoing assessment of reinfection, infection after vaccination, and disease severity…
• McLean HQ, Petrie JG, Hanson KE, Meece JK, Rolfes MA, Sylvester GC, et al. Interim Estimates of 2022–23 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — Wisconsin, October 2022–February 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(8);201–5.
  The 2022–23 influenza vaccine provides substantial protection against circulating influenza A viruses and remains the best way to protect against influenza…
• Lu P, Zhou T, Santibanez TA, Jain A, Black CL, Srivastav A, et al. COVID-19 Bivalent Booster Vaccination Coverage and Intent to Receive Booster Vaccination Among Adolescents and Adults — United States, November–December 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(7);190–8.
  Health care provider recommendations for booster vaccination, dissemination of information about the safety of vaccine by trusted messengers, and reducing barriers to vaccination could improve COVID-19 booster vaccination coverage…
• Murthy BP, Fast HE, Zell E, Murthy N, Meng L, Shaw L, et al. COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Demographic Characteristics of Infants and Children Aged 6 Months–4 Years — United States, June 20–December 31, 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(7);183–9.
  Enhanced evidence-based practices are needed to decrease barriers to vaccination and increase parental COVID-19 vaccine confidence to improve COVID-19 vaccination coverage among young children to reduce associated morbidity and mortality…
• Fleming-Dutra KE, Ciesla AA, Roper LE, Smith ZR, Miller JD, Accorsi EK, et al. Preliminary Estimates of Effectiveness of Monovalent mRNA Vaccines in Preventing Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children Aged 3–5 Years — Increasing Community Access to Testing Program, United States, July 2022–February 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(7);177–82.
  Children should stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccines, including completing the primary series; those who are eligible should receive a bivalent vaccine dose…
• Hancuh M, Walldorf J, Minta AA, Tevi-Benissan C, Christian KA, Nedelec Y, et al. Typhoid Fever Surveillance, Incidence Estimates, and Progress Toward Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Introduction — Worldwide, 2018–2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(7);171–6.
  This report describes typhoid fever surveillance, incidence estimates, and the status of typhoid conjugate vaccine introduction during 2018–2022…
• Johnson AG, Linde L, Ali AR, DeSantis A, Shi M, Adam C, et al. COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Among Unvaccinated and Vaccinated Persons Aged ≥12 Years by Receipt of Bivalent Booster Doses and Time Since Vaccination — 24 U.S. Jurisdictions, October 3, 2021–December 24, 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(6);145–52.
  This report presents evidence of the enhanced protection provided by bivalent COVID-19 boosters compared to monovalent vaccines against infection and death during the BA.4/BA.5 period and are consistent with other VE studies…
• Murthy N, Wodi AP, McNally V, Cineas S, Ault K. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older — United States, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(6);141–4.
  The 2023 adult immunization schedule summarizes ACIP recommendations, including several changes to the cover page, tables, notes, and appendix from the 2022 immunization schedule…
• Wodi AP, Murthy N, McNally V, Cineas S, Ault K. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger — United States, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(6);137–40.
  The 2023 child and adolescent immunization schedule, available on the CDC immunization schedule website, summarizes ACIP recommendations, including several changes from the 2022 immunization schedule on the cover page, tables, notes, and appendix…
• Patel P, Twentyman E, Koumans E, Rosenblum H, Griffin-Blake S, Jackson B, et al. Information for Persons Who Are Immunocompromised Regarding Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Context of Currently Circulating Omicron Sublineages — United States, January 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(5);128–31.
  Although persons who are moderately to severely immunocompromised might not mount a strong vaccine-mediated immune response, staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccination does provide some protection…
• Scobie HM, Ali AR, Shirk P, Smith ZR, Paul P, Paden CR, et al. Spike Gene Target Amplification in a Diagnostic Assay as a Marker for Public Health Monitoring of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants — United States, November 2021–January 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(5);125–7.
  Monitoring emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages and their epidemiologic characteristics helps to inform public health decisions regarding vaccine policy, the use of therapeutics, and health care capacity…
• Link-Gelles R, Ciesla AA, Roper LE, Scobie HM, Ali AR, Miller JD, et al. Early Estimates of Bivalent mRNA Booster Dose Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Attributable to Omicron BA.5– and XBB/XBB.1.5–Related Sublineages Among Immunocompetent Adults — Increasing Community Access to Testing Program, United States, December 2022–January 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(5);119–24.
  This report provides the first estimates of bivalent mRNA COVID-19 VE against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection with XBB-related sublineages…
• Wong MK, Brooks DJ, Ikejezie J, Gacic-Dobo M, Dumolard L, Nedelec Y, et al. COVID-19 Mortality and Progress Toward Vaccinating Older Adults — World Health Organization, Worldwide, 2020–2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(5);113–8.
  Efforts are needed to increase COVID-19 primary series and periodic booster dose coverage among older adults as recommended by WHO and national health authorities…

January 2023

• Canaday DH, Oyebanji OA, White EM, Bosch J, Nugent C, Vishnepolskiy I, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses to the Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Strain and Omicron BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5 Variants in Nursing Home Residents After Receipt of Bivalent COVID-19 Vaccine — Ohio and Rhode Island, September–November 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(4);100–6.
  All eligible nursing home residents and staff members should follow current recommendations to receive a bivalent COVID-19 booster dose to reduce their risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe COVID-19–associated illness, and death…
• Dubendris H, Reses HE, Wong E, Dollard P, Soe M, Lu M, et al. Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Case Incidence Rates Among Residents in Nursing Homes by Up-to-Date Vaccination Status — United States, October 10, 2022–January 8, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(4);95–9.
  This study supports other recent findings that the bivalent booster dose offers additional protection in persons who previously received monovalent vaccines…
• Sinclair AH, Taylor MK, Weitz JS, Beckett SJ, Samanez-Larkin GR. Reasons for Receiving or Not Receiving Bivalent COVID-19 Booster Vaccinations Among Adults — United States, November 1–December 10, 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(3);73–5.
  To help increase bivalent booster dose coverage, health care and public health professionals should use evidence-based strategies to inform persons about booster vaccine recommendations and waning immunity…
• McCollum AM, Shelus V, Hill A, Traore T, Onoja B, Nakazawa Y, et al. Epidemiology of Human Mpox — Worldwide, 2018–2021 MMWR. 2023 / 72(3);68–72.
  This report describes the epidemiology of mpox since 1970 and during 2018–2021, using data from national surveillance programs, World Health Organization (WHO) bulletins, and case reports, and addresses current diagnostic and treatment challenges in countries with endemic disease…
• Thomas CM, White EB, Kojima N, Fill MA, Hanna S, Jones TF, et al. Early and Increased Influenza Activity Among Children — Tennessee, 2022–23 Influenza Season MMWR. 2023 / 72(3);49–54.
  This report describes a field investigation conducted in Tennessee during November 2022, following reports of increasing influenza hospitalizations…
• Hause AM, Marquez P, Zhang B, Su JR, Myers TR, Gee J, et al. Safety Monitoring of Bivalent COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Booster Doses Among Children Aged 5–11 Years — United States, October 12–January 1, 2023 MMWR. 2023 / 72(2);39–43.
  This report provides findings from v-safe and VAERS data collected during the first 11 weeks of bivalent Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna mRNA booster dose administration among children aged 5–11 years; during this period, approximately 953,359 booster doses were administered to children in this age group…
• Hill HA, Chen M, Elam-Evans LD, Yankey D, Singleton JA. Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born During 2018–2019 — National Immunization Survey–Child, United States, 2019–2021 MMWR. 2023 / 72(2);33–8.
  This report describes vaccination coverage by age 24 months using data from the National Immunization Survey–Child (NIS-Child)…
• Seither R, Calhoun K, Yusuf O, Dramann D, Mugerwa-Kasujja A, Knighton CL, et al. Vaccination Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption Rates Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2021–22 School Year MMWR. 2023 / 72(2);26–32.
  This report summarizes data collected by state and local immunization programs on vaccination coverage and exemptions to vaccination among children in kindergarten in 49 states and the District of Columbia and provisional enrollment or grace period status for kindergartners in 27 states for the 2021–22 school year…
• Valier MR, Elam-Evans LD, Mu Yi, Santibanez TA, Yankey D, Zhou T, et al. Racial and Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Children and Adolescents Aged 5–17 Years and Parental Intent to Vaccinate Their Children — National Immunization Survey–Child COVID Module, United States, December 2020–September 2022 MMWR. 2023 / 72(1);1–8.
  To increase overall coverage and address disparities in child and adolescent COVID-19 vaccination coverage, providers and trusted messengers should provide culturally relevant information and vaccine recommendations…