Archived Interventions

The CDC’s Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (DHAP) promotes a High Impact Prevention (HIP) approach which aims to reduce new HIV infections via implementation of interventions that are scientifically proven, cost-effective and scalable. To align with the HIP approach, starting in 2015 the Prevention Research Synthesis (PRS) Project shifted focus from evaluating the efficacy of all Risk Reduction (RR) interventions in the literature to only evaluating the efficacy of interventions targeted to people living with HIV (PLWH), men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender persons. (Please see PRS Risk Reduction Prioritization Plan pdf icon[PDF – 111 KB] for further details.)

In conjunction with this effort, PRS has developed a Risk Reduction archival policy. Interventions published >10 years ago will be moved from main RR Chapter if that study does not meet one of the following criteria:

1. Targets or includes >50% MSM or PLWH or transgender persons
2. Supported EBI by the Capacity Building Branch (CBB) (see the Effective Interventions website)

Complete Listing of Archived Risk Reduction Evidence-based Behavioral Interventions

• Assisting in Rehabilitating Kids (ARK) pdf icon[PDF – 685 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Substance-dependent adolescents
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2002
  First author: Janet St. Lawrence
  Study years: 1995 – 1999
• Becoming a Responsible Teen (BART) pdf icon[PDF – 680 KB]
  Best
  Target population: African American adolescents
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 1995
  First author: Janet St. Lawrence
  Study years: Not reported
• Be Proud! Be Responsible! pdf icon[PDF – 676 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Inner-city African American male adolescents
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 1992
  First author: John B. Jemmott
  Study years: 1988 – 1989
• Brief Alcohol Intervention for Needle Exchangers (BRAINE) pdf icon[PDF – 679 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Active injection drug users (IDUs) who are also heavy alcohol users
  Intervention level: Individual-level
  Year published: 2002
  First author: Michael D. Stein
  Study years: 1998 – 2000
• Choices pdf icon[PDF – 676 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Low-income heterosexually active women
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2003
  First author: Sharon A. Baker
  Study years: 1994 – 1996
• Cognitive Behavioral STD/HIV Risk-Reduction pdf icon[PDF – 688 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Heterosexual adult STD clinic patients
  Intervention level: Individual-level
  Year published: 1997
  First author: Cherrie B. Boyer
  Study years: 1992 – 1993
• Communal Effectance-AIDS Prevention (CE-AP) pdf icon[PDF – 685 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Low-income, single, inner-city females attending urban clinics
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2002
  First author: Stevan E. Hobfoll
  Study years: 1995 – 1999
• Condom Promotion pdf icon[PDF – 675 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Young unmarried college women
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 1996
  First author: Angela D. Bryan
  Study years: Not reported
• Connect: Woman Alone pdf icon[PDF – 377 KB]
  Best
  Target Population: Minority, inner-city heterosexual couples
  Intervention level: Individual-level
  Year published: 2003
  Author: Nabila El-Bassel
  Study years: 1997 – 2001
• ¡Cuídate! pdf icon[PDF – 281 KB]
  Best
  Target Population: Latino youth
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2006
  Author: Antonia M. Villarruel
  Study years: 2000 – 2003
• Doing Something Different pdf icon[PDF – 898 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Inner-city STD clinic patients
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 1992
  First author: Deborah A. Cohen
  Study years: 1988 – 1989
• EXPLORE pdf icon[PDF – 779 KB]
  Best
  Target population: HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men (MSM)
  Intervention level: Individual-level
  Year published: 2004
  First author: Beryl Koblin
  Study years: 1999 – 2003
• Female Condom Skills Training (FEMIT) pdf icon[PDF – 261 KB]
  Best
  Target Population: HIV-negative heterosexual women attending family planning clinics
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2008
  Author: Kyung-Hee Choi
  Study years: 2003 – 2005
• Female and Culturally Specific Negotiation pdf icon[PDF – 683 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Inner city, HIV-negative, heterosexually active African American female drug injectors and crack cocaine smokers
  Intervention level: Individual-level
  Year published: 2003
  First author: Claire Sterk
  Study years: 1998 – 2001
• FIO (The Future Is Ours) pdf icon[PDF – 951 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Heterosexual women in family planning clinics
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2002
  First author: Anke A. Ehrhardt
  Study years: 1994 – 1997
• Focus on Youth (FOY) pdf icon[PDF – 797 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Low-income, urban African American youth
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 1996
  First author: Bonita Stanton
  Study years: 1993 – 1996
• Focus on Youth (FOY) + ImPACT pdf icon[PDF – 259 KB]
  Best
  Target population: High-risk African American youth in low-income urban community sites
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2004
  First author: Bonita Stanton
  Study years: 1999 – 2002
• Health Improvement Project (HIP) pdf icon[PDF – 682 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Psychiatric outpatients receiving care for mental illness
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2004
  First author: Michael P. Carey
  Study years: 1997 – 2000
• HIV Education and Testing pdf icon[PDF – 687 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Inner-city sexually active heterosexual STD clinic patients
  Intervention level: Individual-level
  Year published: 1991
  First author: Neil S. Wenger
  Study years: 1988
• Hot, Healthy and Keepin’ it UP! pdf icon[PDF – 1 MB] (previously known as Brief Group Counseling)
  Best
  Target population: Asian and Pacific Islander (API) men who have sex with men (MSM)
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 1996
  First author: Kyung-Hee Choi
  Study years: 1992 – 1994
• Insights pdf icon[PDF – 778 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Heterosexually active, non-monogamous, young women
  Intervention level: Individual-level
  Year published: 2003
  First author: Delia Scholes
  Study years: 1999 – 2000
• Intensive AIDS Education pdf icon[PDF – 685 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Incarcerated, male adolescent drug users
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 1994
  First author: Stephen Magura
  Study years: 1991 – 1992
• “light” pdf icon[PDF – 693 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Sexually active, low-income, inner-city clinic patients at high-risk for HIV and STD infection
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 1998
  First author: NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group
  Study years: 1994 – 1997
• Modelo de Intervención Psicomédica (MIP) pdf icon[PDF – 952 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Hispanic injection drug users
  Intervention level: Individual-level
  Year published: 2004
  First author: Rafaela Robles
  Study years: 1998 – 2001
• Motivational Interviewing-Based HIV Risk Reduction pdf icon[PDF – 263 KB]
  Best
  Target Population: Recently incarcerated, HIV-negative women at risk for HIV
  Intervention level: Individual-level
  Year published: 2009
  Author: Brian W. Weir
  Study years: 2001 – 2005
• Nia pdf icon[PDF – 938 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Inner-city heterosexually active, African American men
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 1999
  First author: Seth Kalichman
  Study years: 1994
• Real AIDS Prevention Project (RAPP) pdf icon[PDF – 898 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Sexually active, low-income women of reproductive age in inner city communities
  Intervention level: Community-level
  Year published: 2000
  First author: Jennifer L. Lauby
  Study years: 1993 – 1996
• Responsible, Empowered, Aware, Living Men (REAL Men) pdf icon[PDF – 260 KB]
  Good
  Target Population: African American adolescent boys ages 11 to 14 and their fathers
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2007
  Author: Colleen DiIorio
  Study years: 2000 – 2004
• Real Men Are Safe (ReMAS) pdf icon[PDF – 251 KB]
  Good
  Target Population: Sexually active men in drug treatment
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2009
  Author: Donald Calsyn
  Study years: 2004 – 2006
• RESPECT: Brief Counseling Booster pdf icon[PDF – 943 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Sexually active, HIV-negative STD clinic patients
  Intervention level: Individual-level
  Year published: 2005
  First author: Carol A. Metcalf
  Study years: 1999 – 2002
• RESPECT: Brief Counseling pdf icon[PDF – 977 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Heterosexual, HIV-negative STD clinic patients
  Intervention level: Individual-level
  Year published: 1998
  First author: Mary L. Kamb
  Study years: 1993 – 1996
• RESPECT: Enhanced Counseling pdf icon[PDF – 977 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Heterosexual, HIV-negative STD clinic patients
  Intervention level: Individual-level
  Year published: 1998
  First author: Mary L. Kamb
  Study years: 1993 – 1996
• SAFE (Standard Version) pdf icon[PDF – 940 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Mexican American and African American women diagnosed with gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis or trichomonas in public health clinics
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 1999
  First author: Rochelle N. Shain
  Study years: 1996 – 2000
• Safe on the Outs pdf icon[PDF – 272 KB]
  Good
  Target Population: Adolescents in juvenile detention facilities
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2009
  Author: Angela D. Bryan
  Study years: 2004 – 2006
• Safer Sex pdf icon[PDF – 932 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Adolescent females diagnosed with an STD
  Intervention level: Individual-level
  Year published: 2001
  First author: Lydia A. Shrier
  Study years: 1996 – 1999
• Safer Sex Skills Building (SSSB) pdf icon[PDF – 311 KB]
  Good
  Target Population: Heterosexually active women in drug treatment
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2008
  Author: Susan Tross
  Study years: 2004 – 2006
• Safety Counts pdf icon[PDF – 964 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Out-of-treatment active crack and injection drug users
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2000
  First author: Fen Rhodes
  Study years: 1992 – 1996
• Self-Help in Eliminating Life-Threatening Diseases (SHIELD) pdf icon[PDF – 256 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Low-income African American drug users
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2003
  First author: Carl Latkin
  Study years: 1997 – 1999
• SEPA pdf icon[PDF – 946 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Low-income, urban Mexican and Puerto Rican women
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2005
  First author: Nilda Pergallo
  Study years: 1999 – 2001
• Seropositive Urban Men’s Intervention Trial (SUMIT) pdf icon[PDF – 783 KB]
  Best
  Target population: HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM)
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2005
  First author: Richard J. Wolitski
  Study years: 2000 – 2002
• Sistering, Informing, Healing, Living, and Empowering (SiHLE) pdf icon[PDF – 251 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Sexually experienced African American adolescent girls
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2004
  First author: Ralph J. DiClemente
  Study years: 1995 – 2002
• Sisters Saving Sisters pdf icon[PDF – 678 KB]
  Best
  Target population: Sexually active African American and Latina adolescent female patients at family planning clinics
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2005
  First author: John B. Jemmott
  Study years: Not reported
• Sister-to-Sister: Group Skills-building pdf icon[PDF – 293 KB]
  Best
  Target Population: Inner-city African American female clinic patients
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2007
  Author: John B. Jemmott
  Study years: 1993 – 1996
• Sniffer pdf icon[PDF – 942 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Intranasal heroin users
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 1992
  First author: Don C. Des Jarlais
  Study years: 1986 – 1988
• Street Smart pdf icon[PDF – 953 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Runaway youth
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 1991
  First author: Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus
  Study years: 1988 – 1991
• Teen Health Project pdf icon[PDF – 940 KB]
  Good
  Target population: Adolescents at high risk for HIV who live in urban, low-income housing developments
  Intervention level: Community-level
  Year published: 2005
  First author: Kathleen Sikkema
  Study years: 1998 – 2000
• Together Learning Choices (TLC)pdf icon
  Good
  Target population: HIV-positive adolescent and young adult clinic patients
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2001
  First author: Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus
  Study years: 1994 – 1996
• Women’s Co-Op pdf icon[PDF – 682 KB]
  Best
  Target population: African American women who use crack and are not in drug treatment
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2004
  First author: Wendee Wechsberg
  Study years: 1999 – 2002
• Women’s Health Promotion (WHP) pdf icon[PDF – 683 KB]
  Best
  Target population: HIV-negative heterosexual Hispanic women
  Intervention level: Group-level
  Year published: 2001
  First author: Anita Raj
  Study years: Not reported