Surveillance and Evaluation Data Resource Guide Data Tables

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Acronyms Seen in This Guide

Acronyms Seen in This Guide
ACO	Affordable Care Organization	HCUP	Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project
ACS	American Community Survey	HEDIS	Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set
AHA	American Heart Association	HHS	U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
AHRQ	Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality	HRSA	Health Resources and Services Administration
ATSDR	Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry	MSPB	Medicare Spending Per Beneficiary (survey)
BRFSS	Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System	NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
CARES	Center for Applied Research and Engagement Systems	NEMSIS	National Emergency Medical Services Information System
CCW	Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse	NHANES	National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey
CDC	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	NHIS	National Health Interview Survey
CMS	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services	NIH	National Institutes of Health
CVD	Cardiovascular Disease	NVSS	National Vital Statistics System
GBD	Global Burden of Disease	SAMHSA	Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
GIS	Geographic Information System	WHO	World Health Organization

Table 1. National and State Surveys, Systems, and Tools

Table 1. National and State Surveys, Systems, and Tools
Resource name	Purpose	Heart disease/stroke prevention topics addressed	Sampling frame	Data ownership/ primary contact organization	Cost	Methodology	Start date	Frequency
All-Payer Claims Databases(APCDs or APDs)	Facilitate information sharing capacity for states that have developed or are developing an all-payer health care claims database Allow states to make requests for presentations, webinars, media requests, partner or grant partnership opportunities, and other assistance	Access to cardiovascular disease (CVD) medication CVD medication adherence, diagnoses, drug codes, and revenue codes Self-measured blood pressure–related Current Procedural Terminology^® codes and device claims Cardiac rehabilitation participation	Adjudicated medical, pharmacy, and dental claims for all eligible members, with data about members and providers that are submitted by commercial payers, third-party administrators, and publicly administered programs	Individual state	Cost associated with the data	Each state that allows for public release of its claims data has its own data release policy and process.	2007	Continuously
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)	Provide descriptive data and health-related risk behaviors and events, chronic health conditions, and use of preventive services Provide a web platform that allows for simple statistics	Self-reported prevalence of CVD-related events	BRFSS collects data in all 50 states as well as the District of Columbia and three U.S. territories. BRFSS completes more than 400,000 adult interviews each year.	CDC	No cost	Random design, telephone survey (landline and cell phone) Annual core survey has three questions related to heart cardiovascular health. States may add questions at their own discretion.	1984	Annually
CDC COVID Data Tracker	Disseminate current data and links to publicly available datasets that are related to COVID-19	Community COVID-19 spread Vaccinations Cases, deaths, and testing Health equity data Demographic trends Health care settings Genomic surveillance Testing and seroprevalence People at increased risk	CDC collects and displays data about case rates, death rates, hospitalizations, and vaccinations.	CDC	No cost	Provides surveillance data from across the response, including hospitalizations, vaccinations, demographic information, and daily and cumulative case and death counts reported to CDC	Initiated on January 21, 2020	Daily
CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) COVID-19 Data	Act as the primary resource for COVID-19–related mortality data	COVID-19–related mortality data	Sample frames include the NCHS Research and Development Survey and partnership with the U.S. Census Bureau	NCHS	No cost	NCHS is providing the most recent data available on deaths, mental health, and access to health care, loss of work due to illness, and telemedicine from the vital statistics system, from the NCHS Research and Development Survey, and through a partnership with the U.S. Census Bureau.	Initiated in 2020	Varies by dataset
CDC WONDER	Promote information-driven decision making by placing timely, useful facts in the hands of public health practitioners and researchers Provide the general public with access to specific and detailed information from CDC	Final and provisional mortality data Interactive Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke (Table 7)	The sample frame will vary by data source. Topic areas include Census and Surveys of Population, Classifications and Codes, Mortality & Morbidity, Registries, Health Surveys, and General Datasets	CDC, NASA Applied Sciences Program	No cost	Varies by data source	Initiated in early 1990s	Varies by dataset
CMS Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse (CCW) Virtual Resource Data Center	Provide timely access to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) program data in a more efficient and cost-effective manner	Each data source includes a variety of CVD-related measures (e.g., hospitalizations, prescription medication, outpatient care)	Not applicable	CMS	Cost associated with the data	Varies by data source	Varies by data source	Varies by data source
County Health Rankings & Roadmaps	Provide data to identify needs, set priorities, and track progress surrounding health outcomes, factors, policies, and programs Provide data, evidence, guidance, and examples of multiple factors that influence health in a community	Data on access and quality of health care Data on behavioral and environmental risk factors Preventable hospital stays	Not applicable	University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute	No cost	Data from partner organizations, including CDC and CMS	2008	Annually
HCUPnet	Create and enhance a source of national, state, and all-payer health care data Produce a broad set of software tools and products to facilitate the use of Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) and other administrative data Enrich a collaborative partnership with statewide data organizations aimed at increasing the quality and use of health care data Conduct and translate research to inform decision making and improve health care delivery	The largest collection of longitudinal hospital care data in the United States, with all-payer, discharge-level information	HCUP includes the largest collection of longitudinal hospital care data in the United States, with all-payer, encounter-level Available databases, described here: The National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample The Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample (NASS) The Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) The State Inpatient Databases (SID) The State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Databases (SASD), which include encounter-level data for ambulatory surgery and other outpatient services from hospital-owned facilities The State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD)	Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)	Restricted-access, public-release nationwide databases and select state databases (when permitted by HCUP partners) may be purchased through the HCUP central distributor	AHRQ transforms administrative health care data acquired from HCUP partners into research-ready, uniform databases with a common set of data elements.	1988	Continuously
Health and Retirement Study	Monitor the health and well-being of individuals age 50 years or older in the United States Explore the changes in labor force participation and the health transitions that individuals undergo toward the end of their work lives and in the years that follow	Health status (hypertension, heart disease, heart attack, and stroke occurrence)	Approximately 20,000 Americans who are near, at, or older than retirement age in the United States	National Institute on Aging and Social Security Administration	No cost	Longitudinal household surveys (in-depth interviews)	1990	Biennially
Local Trends in Heart Disease and Stroke Mortality Dashboard	Provide access to county (or equivalent) estimates of annual CVD death. Maps, graphs, and tables in the dashboard provide federal agencies, state and local health departments, nonprofit organizations, academic institutions, and the public with information to enhance CVD prevention and treatment activities, plan services, allocate resources, and develop policies.	Coronary heart disease rates and death rates Heart failure rates and death rates Stroke rates and death rates	Estimates of annual CVD (i.e., all diseases of the heart, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) death rates from 1999 to 2019 and trends from 1999 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2019 by age group, sex, and race or ethnicity	Not applicable	No cost	Users can display, share, and download maps and graphs of county-level trends in heart disease mortality.	Updated in September 2022	Not applicable
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)	Understand the specific health services that Americans use, how frequently the services are used, their cost, and how they are paid for Collect data on the cost, scope, and breadth of health insurance held by and available to U.S. workers	Health care disparities and health equity topics Primary and preventive care Heart conditions, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and stroke Access and quality of health care	Tract-level data for patients, providers, and employers	AHRQ	Cost associated with the data	Telephone surveys and mailed questionnaire	1996	Annually
Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey	Determine expenditures and sources of payment for all services used by Medicare beneficiaries, including copayments, deductibles, and non-covered services Ascertain all types of health insurance coverage and relate coverage to sources of payment Trace processes over time, such as changes in health status and spending down to Medicaid eligibility and the impacts of program changes, satisfaction with care, and usual source of care	Cost and utilization Health status and functioning Heart attack, stroke, blood pressure, cholesterol, physical activity, and diet Access to and satisfaction with care Insurance coverage Health behaviors (e.g., physical activity)	Nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries	CMS	Cost associated with the data	Sample is selected from Medicare enrollment files; oversampling is among disabled persons under age 65 and among persons age 80 and older. Version of questionnaire is determined based on the setting and health of the participant.	1991	Annually
Multidimensional Deprivation in the United States	Provide a more expansive view of well-being than income-based poverty measures The American Community Survey (ACS) is a source of subnational economic, social, and employment characteristics	Social determinants of health	ACS 1-year estimates include data for areas with populations of 65,000 or more	U.S. Census Bureau	No cost	The Multidimensional Deprivation Index is constructed using the Alkire-Foster method, in which individual-level indicators of deprivation in multiple dimensions are used to identify who is deprived and to assess the intensity of their deprivation. Multiple datasets were used, but most of the data came from the 2017 ACS 1-year estimates.	2017	Not applicable
National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS)	Standardize and collect state-by-state emergency medical services (EMS) data to more accurately assess EMS needs and performance and better support strategic planning for EMS systems	Access to quality emergency care for hypertension, stroke, cardiac arrest, and other heart problems	Not applicable	National data are owned by the National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration’s Office of EMS and in collaboration with the University of Utah	No cost	EMS providers in all states create patient care reports electronically, using NEMSIS-compliant software. Agencies transmit a portion of their data into a state database.	2006	Annually
National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network Query Tool	Provide a web-based data system to track environmental health factors over time, assess health issues specific to communities, share data visualization tools, and share information to inform prevention, evaluation, program planning efforts, and policy interventions	Heart attack, heart disease, and stroke hospitalization, mortality, and prevalence Stroke systems of care High blood pressure, diabetes, and physical health	Data retrieved from: 26 state and local health departments, federal agencies, and national organizations S. Census Bureau Hospital and emergency department databases Death certificates from the National Center for Health Statistics	CDC	No cost	CDC’s Public Health Information Network tools to electronically exchange health data and information.	2009	Depends on state and data source
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)	Explore emerging public health issues by monitoring trends in the prevalence, treatment, and control of selected diseases and explore relationships between behavioral patterns and health outcome	Direct and self-reported measures of blood pressure, height and weight, and serum (cholesterol, diabetes, and kidney function) Cardiovascular fitness of patient and family members	Nationally representative sample of about 5,000 people each year	CDC	No cost	In-person interviews and physical examinations	1960s	Continuously (data released in 2-year cycles)
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)	Provide data for analyzing health trends and tracking progress toward achieving national health objectives	Physical and mental health status Chronic conditions, including asthma, diabetes, and hypertension Access to and use of health care services Behavioral risk factors	Civilian non-institutionalized U.S. citizens	CDC	No cost	Confidential interviews conducted in households (cross-sectional surveys)	1957	Annually
National Vital Statistics System (NVSS)	Provide registration of vital events, including birth, deaths, marriages, divorces, and fetal deaths	Indicators vary by state International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes	People who recently gave birth Deceased adults and children	States	No cost	Certificates completed by physicians, registered nurses, or patients at hospitals and clinics May be used at the substate level (i.e., counties and health districts)	1890	Depends on state
PLACES: Local Data for Better Health	Provide model-based, population-level analysis and community estimates to all counties, places (incorporated and census-designated places), census tracts, and ZIP code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) across the United States Enable retrieval, visualization, exploration, and download of uniformly defined county-, place-, tract-, and ZCTA-level data for social determinants of health conditions, behaviors, and risk factors Support existing surveillance data by providing estimates necessary to understand health issues affecting local areas, develop and implement effective and targeted prevention activities, identify health problems, and establish key health objectives	Measures of health outcomes (e.g., uncontrolled blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease) Behavioral risk factors Access to care measures	Data from census tracts with a population of 50 or more people	CDC	No cost	Data from BRFSS and the National Survey of Children’s Health	2020 and an expansion of the original 500 Cities Project (2016)	Annually
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System	Provide data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants Allow CDC and the states to monitor changes in maternal and child health indicators (e.g., unintended pregnancy, prenatal care, breastfeeding, smoking, drinking, infant health) Enhance information from birth certificates used to plan and review state maternal and infant health programs	Measures of health outcomes (e.g., uncontrolled blood pressure, pregnancy-related mortality and morbidity) Behavioral risk factors Access to care measures	Women who have had a recent live birth	CDC	No cost	Mailed surveys and telephone interviews	1987	Annually

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Table 2. Health System Registries

Table 2. Health System Registries
Resource name	Purpose	Heart disease/stroke prevention topics addressed	Sampling frame	Data ownership/ primary contact organization	Cost	Methodology	Start date	Frequency
Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival	Assist communities, measure performance, and identify how to improve cardiac arrest survival rates	Patient demographics and the details of cardiac events System quality and treatment information Emergency room and hospital outcomes	Not applicable	Each participating hospital has access to its data and only its data.	No cost	Uses Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)–compliant methodology to protect confidentiality Allows for longitudinal, internal benchmarking of key performance indicators	2004	Continuously
Get With the Guidelines	Heart failure: Promote consistent adherence to the latest scientific treatment guidelines and monitor the quality of heart failure care in the United States Atrial fibrillation: Assist hospital care teams in consistently providing the latest evidence-based treatment for their atrial fibrillation patients Monitor the quality of atrial fibrillation care in U.S. hospitals and build a database for continued research and further quality improvement COVID-19 CVD registry: Monitor patient clinical characteristics, medications, treatments, labs, vitals, biomarkers, and outcomes in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 Collect hospital COVID-19 cardiac data to assist quality improvement Provide performance comparisons with other hospitals regarding resuscitation Reduce non-compliance and medical errors through data-driven peer review Provide access to the most up-to-date research and scientific publications Stroke: Promote quality improvements in stroke care Serve as an in-hospital program for improving stroke care by promoting consistent adherence to the latest scientific treatment guidelines	Heart failure and stroke achievement measures, quality measures, reporting measures, and descriptive measures Hospital arrival and admission information, medications, labs, and discharge information Cardiovascular and hospital outcomes	Not applicable	American Heart Association (AHA, in partnership with American Stroke Association)	Cost associated with the data	Data submitted by health system, American Heart Association’s patient management tool	1999	Continuously
National Cardiovascular Data Registry	The National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NDCR) displays the American College of Cardiology’s (ACC) suite of cardiovascular data registries helping hospitals and private practices measure and improve the quality of care they provide	Data on health outcomes and chronic conditions, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation Practice, provider, and patient characteristics Program metrics endorsed by the ACC and the AHA for performance improvement	Select participation by health systems	ACC Quality Improvement for Institutions Program	Cost associated with the data	Outpatient registries (electronic data submission)	1997	Continuously

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Table 3. Health Systems Data and Reporting Tools

Table 3. Health Systems Data and Reporting Tools
Resource name	Purpose	Heart disease/stroke prevention topics addressed	Sampling frame	Data ownership/ primary contact organization	Cost	Methodology	Start date	Frequency
CMS Provider Data Catalog	Show national, state, and hospital-level data for measures of heart attack care, heart failure care, pneumonia care, surgical care, emergency department care, preventive care, children’s asthma care, and stroke care	Evidence-based treatments for myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke How quickly hospitals treat emergent patients How effectively hospitals provide preventive services	Not applicable	CMS	No cost	Most of the measures of timely and effective care come from the data that hospitals get from medical records of their eligible patients, following standards for abstracting and reporting the information. Data submissions include auditing procedures and edit checks to assess whether data submitted are consistent with CMS’s defined specifications. CMS validates the data submitted to provide assurance that the hospital or its designated agent can accurately abstract patient medical records and accurately submit data.	2005	Annually
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Uniform Data System (UDS) Training and Technical Assistance	Provide consistent information about health centers and look-alikes	Hypertension and CVD prevention, control, and treatment	Not applicable	HRSA Health Center Program	No cost	Health center grantees and look-alikes report on their performance using the measures defined in the UDS.	2011	Annually
Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program (HVBP)	Display hospitals participating in the Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program and the quality of care they provide	Quality and cost measured on hospital performance Health outcomes measures Reimbursement, cost-effectiveness, and cost reduction measures Quality of care outcome measures	Approximately 3,000 hospitals across the country and Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS)	CMS	No cost	Hospital VBP is based on data collected through the Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting Program (IQR). The Total Performance Score was derived from four domains in FY 2021: Clinical Outcomes, Person and Community Engagement, Safety, and Efficiency and Cost Reduction.	2013	Annually
Medicaid Adult Health Care Quality Measures	Provide health care quality measures for Medicaid-eligible adults	Prevention and treatment of hypertension and CVD Heart failure admissions	Approximately 80 million Medicaid enrollees	CMS	No cost	States collect data on core set measures for enrollees of all delivery system types, including managed care and fee for service.	2012	Annually
Medicare Advantage: Star Ratings	Combine scores for the types of services each plan offers.	Hypertension and CVD control Hypertension and CVD treatment and prevention Medicare Advantage plans in place prior to the beginning of the calendar year	Not applicable	CMS	No cost	Gathered from several different sources, such as member surveys, information from clinicians, or information from plans Medicare’s regular monitoring activities	2009	Annually
Medicare Hospital Spending by Claim (Beneficiary)	Show whether Medicare spends more, less, or about the same per Medicare patient treated in a specific hospital compared with how much Medicare spends per patient nationally	Medicare spending by hospital per Medicare claim type	Hospitals in the United States	CMS	No cost	A hospital’s Medicare Spending Per Beneficiary (MSPB) measure is calculated as the hospital’s average MSPB amount divided by the median MSPB amount across all hospitals.	2012	Annually
Medicare Shared Savings Program/Affordable Care Organizations (ACOs)	Collect and report data based on 33 measures on physician quality for eligibility in Medicare Shared Savings and meaningful use	Historical program information (including program size, quality, and shared savings) ACO information (including characteristics, composition, and participation information) ACO-assigned beneficiary population	Eligible providers, hospitals, and suppliers who have created or participated in an ACO	CMS	No cost	ACOs report clinical quality measures through a web interface.	2013	Annually
National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA): Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS)	Provide a set of standardized performance measures designed to give purchasers and consumers the information they need to compare the performance of managed health care plans	Hypertension and CVD prevention, control, and treatment	Adults in the United States enrolled in health care plans that report HEDIS results	NCQA	Cost associated with the data	HEDIS includes more than 90 measures across six domains of care, including Effectiveness, Access/Availability, and Experience of Care. NCQA collects Medicare and Exchange data on behalf of CMS, collects Medicaid HEDIS data on behalf of state agencies, and collects commercial data on behalf of states and the U.S. Office of Personnel Management.	1991	Continuously

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Table 4. National, State, and Local Policy Tracking

Table 4. National, State, and Local Policy Tracking
Resource name	Purpose	Heart disease/stroke prevention topics addressed	Sampling frame	Data ownership/ primary contact organization	Cost	Methodology	Start date	Frequency
Bloomberg Law: Health	Display federal and state legislation and regulations affecting public health Share case law, news, and legal analytics	All matters related to public health Relevant expertise listed as: COVID-19 Health Labor/employment	Not applicable	Bloomberg Media	Cost associated with the data; demo available	Legislation at the federal and state levels is tracked and updated. Compiles primary and secondary legal sources, news, legal analysis, and business information Uses a combination of artificial intelligence tools and analysis to update subscribers	2009	Continuously
CQ (FiscalNote)	Track federal- and state-level legislation, policy process, and relevant new issues affecting public health	General public health Advocacy tools	Not applicable	FiscalNote	Cost associated with the data	Legislation at the federal and state levels is tracked, updated, and analyzed. Alerts are disseminated when user-selected legislation changes or progresses through its respective legislature.	1945	Continuously
GovTrack.us: U.S. Congress	Track federal legislation on issues affecting public health and federal health agencies	Health policy	Not applicable	U.S. government	No cost	Federal legislation and voting records are tracked and analyzed. Alerts are disseminated when user-selected legislation changes or progresses through its respective legislature.	Not applicable	Continuously
LawAtlas: The Policy Surveillance Portal	Use policy surveillance to capture the characteristics of laws and policies of public health significance	Wide-ranging topics related to public health, including (among others) social determinants of health and chronic disease	Not applicable	Temple University Beasley School of Law; funded by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation	No cost	Legal analysts conduct searches using Westlaw Next, Lexis Advance, HeinOnline, National Conference of State Legislatures website, and state-specific legislature websites. Coding and analysis is supported by legal research software developed by the Center for Public Health Law Research.	Not applicable	Continuously
LexisNexis State Net	Track legislation and regulations at the federal, state, and local levels	All matters related to public health	Not applicable	LexisNexis	Cost associated with the data; demo available	Tracks legislation and regulations in all 50 state legislatures and territories and local governments Information categorized by issue area and congressional term	1977	Continuously
National Conference of State Legislatures 50-State Searchable Bill Tracking Databases	Display 50-state information using searchable bill tracking databases	Numerous relevant topics, including, but not limited to, health innovations, emergency care, health care appropriations, prescription drugs, licensing, and environmental health	Not applicable	National Conference of State Legislatures	No cost	Tracks legislation and regulations in all 50 state legislatures and categorizes them by topic area	1975	Weekly
POLITICO Pro Legislative and Regulatory Compass	Track and analyze legislation and regulations at the state and federal levels	Wide-ranging topics related to public health, including (among others) social determinants of health and chronic disease	Not applicable	Politico	Cost (subscription) associated with the data	Legislation and regulatory activity at the federal and state levels is tracked and updated.	Not applicable	Continuously
State Education Policy Tracking	Track state education policy on a wide variety of education topics	Physical, nutritional, and health education curriculum Counseling and mental and emotional health services Equity Student health services	Not applicable	Education Commission of the States	No cost	Enacted legislation on public education at the state level is tracked, categorized, and analyzed by topic, year, and state legislature A pending legislation watch list is also included.	2000	Continuously
StateScape	Track and display state legislative and regulatory compliance software	Various topics related to public health	Not applicable	Not applicable	Cost associated with the data	Tracks public health legislation and regulations at the federal and state levels and categorizes them by issue area and congressional term	1991	Continuously
Westlaw	Show pending and enacted state and federal legislation on all matters related to public health	Various topics related to public health	Not applicable	Thomson Reuters	Cost associated with the data; free trial available	Uses artificial intelligence and human researchers to conduct legal research, tracks legislation and regulations, and compares changes in legislation, regulations, and statutes at the federal and state levels	1970s	Continuously

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Table 5. Media Tracking

Table 5. Media Tracking
Resource name	Purpose	Heart disease/stroke prevention topics addressed	Sampling frame	Data ownership/ primary contact organization	Cost	Methodology	Start date	Frequency
Adobe SiteCatalyst (previously known as Omniture)	Support real-time web analytics	Provides metrics to assess the impact of online marketing campaigns for benchmarking analysis and measures of success	Websites of client interest	Client	Cost associated with the data	Visitor data to the client website and on mobile devices is collected automatically.	Not applicable	Client dependent Data available in real time
Audience Insights	Share aggregate information about people connected to the client page and people on Facebook to aid in content management and audience recruitment	Client dependent	Client Facebook page viewers	Client	No cost	Data are gathered from visitors and traffic to the client Facebook page. Information is collected automatically.	Not applicable	Client dependent Data available in real time
Cision	Provide media monitoring, relationship management, audiences and attribution, and analysis and reporting	Measures collected are client dependent	Consumers of client’s television, radio, social, and online media	Client	Cost associated with the data	Data collected from a variety of media sources Information collected automatically	Not applicable	Client dependent Data available in real time
Data for Good	Empower partners with privacy-preserving data that strengthen communities and advance social issues	Client dependent	Partners with organizations across every continent, including universities, nonprofit organizations, and international institutions	Client	No cost	Data collected from Facebook location features, satellite imagery, and census	Not applicable	Client dependent Data available in real time
Google Analytics	Collect data on the behavior patterns of website visitors	Number of website visitors and repeat visitors to a website Referring traffic sources Pages viewed Geographic location of visitors Custom reporting	Client website	Client	No cost	Data are gathered from visitors to client website. Information is collected automatically.	Not applicable	Client dependent Data available in real time
Hootsuite	Provide comprehensive social media management using analytic tools and customizable reports	Includes features for publishing, engaging, monitoring, advertising, and analyzing social media	Not applicable	Client	Cost associated with client need; free demo available	Assesses data available from Facebook insights, Google analytics, Twitter profile statistics, Ow.ly click statistics, Google+ pages analytics, and client analytics	Not applicable	Client dependent Data available in real time
Keyhole	Offer simple search functions to track social campaigns through a keyword, hashtag, or URL Create interactive live dashboard and reporting system	Tracks posts, users, reach, impressions, shares, key influencers and demographics, and more Three modalities: Social Listening and Analytics, Influencer Marketing, and Campaign Tracking	Not applicable	Client	Cost associated with plans; free trial available	Tracks social media engagement	Not applicable	Option of real-time tracking or historical reports Client dependent
Meltwater	Provide social media monitoring and analytics	Measures collected are client dependent	Consumers of client’s social media	Client	Cost associated with the data	All client social media users Information collected automatically	Not applicable	Client dependent Data available in real time
Nielsen	Conduct national surveys to capture local consumer trends Offer insights on consumer behaviors on digital platforms and engagement with campaigns	Wide range of topics covered Features include audience measurement, media planning, marketing optimization, and content metadata	Not applicable	Client	Cost associated with the data	Surveys Data capturing and analysis on digital platforms	Not applicable	Market data are updated and have regular publication on findings Client dependent
Salesforce Marketing Cloud	Gather and monitor metrics set on social networks, websites, and mobile devices	Measures social campaign metrics and sentiment behind user-generated content Features include the development and design of marketing campaigns	Client social networks, websites, and mobile devices	Client	Cost associated with the data	All visitors to client social networks, websites, and mobile devices Information collected automatically	Not applicable	Client dependent Data available in real time
Sprout Social	Provide a social media management platform	Client dependent	Data gathered from multiple social media channels	Client	Cost associated with the data; free demo available	Process information is collected automatically	Not applicable	Client dependent Can create automatic, scheduled reports
YouTube Studio	Provide metrics on video traffic and viewers behavior	Viewership Subscribers Watch-time or time watched Audience retention Traffic sources Annotations Community actions Demographics and geographics	Client YouTube video viewers	Client	No cost Need Google account to log in	Visitors to client YouTube video channel Information collected automatically from the website	Not applicable	Client dependent Data available in real time

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Table 6. Data Visualization, Interactive, and Geographic Information Systems Platforms

Table 6. Data Visualization, Interactive, and Geographic Information Systems Platforms
Resource name	Purpose	Heart disease/stroke prevention topics addressed	Sampling frame	Data ownership/ primary contact organization	Cost	Methodology	Start date	Frequency
Agency for Healthcare Research Cardiovascular Treatment Outcomes Dashboard	Offer primary care practices a resource for calculating provider- and practice-level measures of blood pressure control, smoking cessation, and use of aspirin for heart disease	Primary care practices can use this Excel dashboard to calculate provider- and practice-level measures of blood pressure control, smoking cessation, and use of aspirin for heart disease. It also allows practices to graph their performance over time and to compare their progress to their goals.	Not applicable	Qualis Health	No cost	Sourced from Qualis Health and used with permission from Heart Healthy Northwest	March 2016	Not applicable
AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics	Provide up-to-date statistics and publications on the core health behaviors and health factors that define cardiovascular health	Statistics on behaviors and health outcomes related to cardiovascular health that are disaggregated by demographics	Not applicable	AHA	No cost	AHA, in conjunction with CDC, NIH, and other government agencies, annually compiles up-to-date statistics on CVD.	Not applicable	Annually
CDC Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Heart Disease and Stroke Maps and Data	Search for and view health indicators related to heart disease and stroke prevention	Various health indicators, including but not limited to Interactive Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke, Data Trends and Maps, and Chronic Disease GIS	Not applicable	Not applicable	No cost	Multiple data sources, including BRFSS, CARES, the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program, HCUP, Medicare, the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, NHANES, NHIS, and NVSS	Not applicable	Continuously
Census Bureau Data	Provide access to national, state, and local data via search or predefined datasets	Numerous surveys, including communities, housing, economics, and government	Not applicable	Not applicable	No cost	The Census Bureau conducts nearly 100 surveys and censuses every year.	Not applicable	Varies by survey; could be conducted quarterly, monthly, or annually
Center for Applied Research and Engagement Systems (CARES) Engagement Network	Provide access to up-to-date data, maps, and community needs assessments	Free community needs assessment reporting tool with more than 80 indicators, including health behaviors and outcomes and social and economic factors National map room with more than 15,000 data layers, including economics, health, education, and the environment Heart disease statistics	Data derived from mapping efforts	CARES provides access to data	No-cost and subscription-based options	Open access to CARES data warehouse to make maps and to build free community assessments	1992	Continuously
Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse (CCW)	Provide researchers with Medicare and Medicaid beneficiary, claims, and assessment data linked by beneficiary across the continuum of care	Medicare, Medicaid, Assessments, and Part D Prescription Drug Event data Data available upon request	Not applicable	CCW data files may be requested for any of the predefined chronic condition cohorts, or users may request a customized cohort(s) specific to research focus areas	No cost	The CCW data are linked by a unique, unidentifiable beneficiary key, which allows researchers to analyze information across the continuum of care.	Medicare files for 1999–2019 Part D Prescription Drug Event data for 2006–2020 Medicaid files for 1999–2019	Not applicable
Chronic Disease GIS Exchange	Provide a forum for sharing specific examples, ideas, and techniques for using GIS to document geographic disparities, inform policy and program development, and build partnerships	Data sources and GIS techniques used to produce maps regarding the burden of heart disease, stroke, and other chronic diseases Gallery of maps produced on heart disease and stroke, among other chronic conditions	Data derived from mapping efforts	Invites visitors to share maps that address chronic diseases	No cost	Open- exchange forum	Not applicable	Continuously
Chronic Disease Indicators	Enable public health professionals and policymakers to retrieve state and selected metropolitan-level data for chronic diseases and risk factors, including overarching conditions that are social determinants of health (SDOH)	CVD overarching conditions, including social determinants of health, behavioral and environmental risk factors, and socioeconomic indicators of health Integrated source for comprehensive access to a wide range of indicators for the surveillance of chronic diseases, conditions, and risk factors at the state level	Not applicable	Not applicable	No cost	Chronic Disease Indicators includes 124 indicators. A total of 201 individual measures are included for the 124 indicators, many of which overlap multiple chronic disease topic areas or are specific to a certain sex or age group.	Not applicable	Updated on an ongoing basis Last updated March 24, 2022
Community Commons	Support those working to advance equitable community health and well-being by sharing tools, resources, data, and stories to support this work	Wide range of topics, including economy, education, environment, equity, food, and health Gallery of maps produced on heart disease and stroke, among other chronic conditions Comprehensive stroke centers, primary stroke centers, and stroke mortality rates by county	Not applicable	Registration required to access data	No cost	Open- exchange forum to make and share maps with system collaborators	Not applicable	Continuously
CDC WONDER	Promote information-driven decision making by placing timely, useful facts in the hands of public health practitioners and researchers Provide the general public with access to specific and detailed information from CDC	Final and provisional mortality data Interactive Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke	Various online databases and public health data collections	CDC, NASA Applied Sciences Program	No cost	Varies by data source	Early 1990s	Depends on dataset
FastStats	Provide quick access to statistics on more than 100 topics of public health importance	Behavioral risk factors Demographics CVD-related health status and risk factors	Not applicable	Not applicable	No cost	Not applicable	Not applicable	Last updated in May 2020
Health Resources and Services Administration: Area Health Resource Files	Provide a comprehensive set of data offering a broad range of health resources and socioeconomic indicators that affect demand for health care	Health care professionals Hospitals and health care facilities Census, population data, and environment	Not applicable	HHS; sourced from numerous government and academic sources	No cost	The Area Health Resources Files include data on health care professions, health facilities, population characteristics, economics, health professions training, hospital utilization, hospital expenditures, and environment at the county, state, and national levels from more than 50 data sources.	Not applicable	Annually
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) Global Burden of Disease (GBD)	Deliver timely, relevant, and scientifically valid evidence to improve health policy and practice	All-cause mortality Deaths by cause Years of life lost Years lived with disability Disability-adjusted life years by country, age, and sex	Not applicable	Numerous projects to guide activities, data collection, visualization, and analytics	No cost	Includes a Core Analytic Team, a GBD Scientific Council, a GBD Management Team, and a robust network of GBD experts.	Not applicable	Annual updates to its estimates Last updated in 2019, with continuing updates related to COVID-19
Interactive Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke	Provide county-level information on maps for heart disease and stroke, along with maps of social environmental conditions and health services for the entire United States or for a chosen state or territory	Heart disease and failure, hypertension, stroke coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac dysrhythmia deaths, hospitalizations, and hospital discharge status	Data derived from mapping efforts	Not applicable	No cost	Mortality data drawn from National Vital Statistics System Bridged-Race Postcensal Population Estimates (Vintage 2009) from National Center for Health Statistics	Not applicable	Continuously
Local Trends in Heart Disease and Stroke Mortality Dashboard	Provide access to county (or county equivalent) estimates of annual CVD deaths Provide federal agencies, state and local health departments, nonprofit organizations, academic institutions, and the public with information to enhance CVD prevention and treatment activities, plan services, allocate resources, and develop policies	Coronary heart disease rates and death rates Heart failure rates and death rates Stroke rates and death rates	Estimates of annual CVD (i.e., all diseases of the heart, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) disease death rates from 1999 to 2019 and trends from 1999 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2019 by age group, sex, and race or ethnicity	Not applicable	No cost	Users can display, share, and download maps and graphs of county-level trends in heart disease mortality.	Not applicable	Last updated in February 2022
National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network Query Tool	Monitor trends and assess health issues specific to communities Provide a resource where individuals can create customized maps, tables, and charts of local, state, and national data Provide information about health effects due to heart disease and stroke systems of care that inform prevention, evaluation, program planning efforts, and policy interventions	Heart attack and stroke hospitalizations, mortality, and prevalence High blood pressure, diabetes, and physical health Air quality Stroke systems of care	U.S. Census Bureau Hospital and emergency department databases Death certificates from the National Center for Health Statistics	CDC	No cost	CDC’s Public Health Information Network Tools electronically exchange health data and information	2009	Depends on state and data source
PolicyLink Community Mapping	Provide an overview of community mapping, with an emphasis on how mapping is used to support equitable development	Socioeconomic conditions, development opportunities, and neighborhood change	Data derived from community mapping efforts	Not applicable	Unknown	Community builds mapping collaborative surrounding identified issue	Not applicable	Continuously
World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory	Provide access to WHO’s analyses to monitor global, regional, and country situation and trends Display health indicators globally or by state	Mortality and global health estimates Health systems Public health and environment Health equity monitor	Not applicable	WHO, whenever possible, will provide member states the opportunity to review and comment on data and estimates as part of country consultations	No cost	Many of these datasets represent the best estimates of WHO, using methodologies for specific indicators that aim for comparability across countries and time; they are updated when more recent or revised data become available or when there are changes to the methodology being used.	Not applicable	As available Mostly data from 2019 COVID-19 data on a separate page linked on the website

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Table 7. Sodium in the Food Supply

Table 7. Sodium in the Food Supply
Resource name	Purpose	Heart disease/stroke prevention topics addressed	Sampling frame	Data ownership/ primary contact organization	Cost	Methodology	Start date	Frequency
Sodium Reduction in Communities Program Implementation Guide	Help food service staff and public health organizations reduce sodium in food service organizations by drawing upon the experiences gained during the Sodium Reduction in Communities Program)	Sodium reduction	Evaluation data from respective programs	Not applicable	No cost	Food service staff, including registered dietitians, food service managers and directors, executive chefs, and food service line staff, can use this guide to plan, implement, and maintain sodium reduction activities.	2021	Not applicable
Sodium Reduction in Communities Program Outcome Evaluation Toolkit	Provide a step-by-step guide for program staff and evaluators who are planning and implementing sodium reduction outcome evaluations	Sodium reduction	Evaluation data from respective programs	Not applicable	No cost	The toolkit is intended for program staff and evaluators to assess the process and outcome of sodium reduction efforts in various venues and entities.	2017	Not applicable

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Table 8. Social Determinants of Health

Table 8. Social Determinants of Health
Resource name	Purpose	Heart disease/stroke prevention topics addressed	Sampling frame	Data ownership/ primary contact organization	Cost	Methodology	Start date	Frequency
AHRQ Social Determinants of Health Database	Provide easily linkable SDOH-focused data to use in patient-centered outcomes research, inform approaches to address emerging health issues, and ultimately contribute to improved health outcomes	Social and economic context Education Physical infrastructure Health care context	Variables in the files correspond to five key SDOH domains and can be linked to other data by geography (county and ZIP code)	Not applicable	No cost	These SDOH beta data files are curated from existing federal datasets and other publicly available data sources. The files make it easier to find a range of well-documented, readily linkable SDOH variables across domains without having to access multiple source files, facilitating SDOH research and analysis.	Not applicable	Data are currently available from 2009 to 2018.
CDC Social Vulnerability Index (SVI)	The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR) Geospatial Research, Analysis and Services Program created the SVI to help emergency response planners and public health officials identify and map communities based on SDOH that will most likely need support before, during, and after a hazardous event.	Socioeconomic status (below poverty, unemployed, income, or no high school diploma) Household composition and disability (age 65 years or older, age 17 years or younger, older than age 5 with a disability, or single-parent households) Minority status and language (e.g., minority, speak English “less than well”) Housing type and transportation (multiunit structures, mobile homes, crowding, no vehicle, or group quarters)	Uses 15 U.S. Census variables	Not applicable	No cost	The CDC/ATSDR SVI ranks each tract on 15 social factors, including poverty, lack of vehicle access, and crowded housing, and groups them into four related themes. Each tract receives a separate ranking for each of the four themes as well as an overall ranking.	Not applicable	The CDC/ATSDR SVI is updated every 2 years based on U.S. Census Bureau data releases
HDPulse: An Ecosystem of Health Disparities and Minority Health Resources	Provide an ecosystem to characterize health disparities to motivate action to reduce health disparities. Interactive graphics and maps provide visual support for deciding where to focus public health disparities control efforts.	HDPulse includes a range of socioeconomic variables, including crowding (households with more than one person or room), education, income, health insurance, household mobility, non-English language speakers in the household, poverty, and unemployment.	Not applicable	Managed by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities	No cost	The portal brings together data collected from public health surveillance systems by using either their published reports or public use files.	Not applicable	Not applicable
Health Equity Report Card	Generate local data related to socioeconomic barriers and health to help drive positive community change	Poverty Healthcare Access to healthy food Housing Access to active spaces Education Transportation Environment	Not applicable	Salud America! Health Equity Report Card data are powered by CARES at the University of Missouri	No cost	Data are drawn from the CARES data warehouse.	Not applicable	Continuously
National Equity Atlas	Provide a detailed report card on racial and economic equity Provide actionable data and strategies to advance racial equity and shared prosperity	Demographic change Racial and economic inclusion	Not applicable	Produced by PolicyLink and the University of Southern California Equity Research Institute (ERI)	No cost	Data are drawn from the regional equity indicators database maintained by PolicyLink and the ERI.	Not applicable	Most datasets are updated annually
National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report	Measure trends in effectiveness of care, patient safety, timeliness of care, patient centeredness, and efficiency of care	Socioeconomic demographics, health care access, and health care quality	Not applicable	Supported HHS Interagency Workgroup	No cost	Data experts from contributing agencies or organizations generate descriptive summary statistics from the microdata for the report measures and population groups of interest. For particular measures, the report team downloads summary statistics directly from trusted websites. All survey design features are considered. The data included in the report were determined by the measures chosen for tracking by the Interagency Workgroup and the report team.	Not applicable	Updated yearly; last updated in 2019
Neighborhood Atlas^®	Freely share measures of neighborhood disadvantage with the public, educational institutions, health systems, not-for-profit organizations, and government agencies to make these metrics available for use in research, program planning, and policy development	Poverty Education (less than high school)	Not applicable	Supported by NIH and the University of Wisconsin	No cost	The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) uses ACS 5-year estimates in its construction. For example, the 2018 ADI uses the ACS data for 2018, which is a 5-year average of ACS data obtained from 2014 to 2018.	2018	Not applicable
Racial Equity Tools	Help groups assess, learn from, and document their racial equity work, with special attention to issues of power and privilege in the work and in evaluation	Evaluation framework with a racial equity lens	Not applicable	Not applicable	No cost	This is not a dataset but an evaluation framework for collecting, analyzing, and sharing data.	Not applicable	Last updated in 2020
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Behavioral Health Equity Report	Provide a summary of key behavioral health measures related to substance use and mental health	Substance use Mental health and treatment	Not applicable	Published by SAMHSA	No cost	Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015–2019	Published October 23, 2021	Not applicable
Vulnerable Populations Footprint	Identify the overlap between high concentrations of population living in poverty and populations living without a high school diploma	Poverty Education (less than high school)	Not applicable	Center for Applied Research and Engagement System (CARES) at the University of Missouri	No cost	Uses American Community Survey data	Not applicable	American Community Survey data are released yearly

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