Table 1 - National and State Surveys, Systems, and Tools

Purpose

Data from this table can be used to compare program impact and outcomes with those of other states and the nation.

National and state surveys, systems, and tools

Resource name Purpose Heart disease/stroke prevention topics addressed Sampling frame Data ownership/
primary contact organization		 Cost Methodology Start date Frequency
All-Payer Claims Databases(APCDs or APDs)
  • Facilitate information sharing capacity for states that have developed or are developing an all-payer health care claims database
  • Allow states to make requests for presentations, webinars, media requests, partner or grant partnership opportunities, and other assistance
  • Access to cardiovascular disease (CVD) medication
  • CVD medication adherence, diagnoses, drug codes, and revenue codes
  • Self-measured blood pressure–related Current Procedural Terminology® codes and device claims
  • Cardiac rehabilitation participation
 Adjudicated medical, pharmacy, and dental claims for all eligible members, with data about members and providers that are submitted by commercial payers, third-party administrators, and publicly administered programs Individual state Cost associated with the data Each state that allows for public release of its claims data has its own data release policy and process. 2007 Continuously
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
  • Provide descriptive data and health-related risk behaviors and events, chronic health conditions, and use of preventive services
  • Provide a web platform that allows for simple statistics
 Self-reported prevalence of CVD-related events BRFSS collects data in all 50 states as well as the District of Columbia and three U.S. territories. BRFSS completes more than 400,000 adult interviews each year. CDC No cost
  • Random design, telephone survey (landline and cell phone)
  • Annual core survey has three questions related to heart cardiovascular health.
  • States may add questions at their own discretion.
 1984 Annually
CDC COVID Data Tracker Disseminate current data and links to publicly available datasets that are related to COVID-19
  • Community COVID-19 spread
  • Vaccinations
  • Cases, deaths, and testing
  • Health equity data
  • Demographic trends
  • Health care settings
  • Genomic surveillance
  • Testing and seroprevalence
  • People at increased risk
 CDC collects and displays data about case rates, death rates, hospitalizations, and vaccinations. CDC No cost Provides surveillance data from across the response, including hospitalizations, vaccinations, demographic information, and daily and cumulative case and death counts reported to CDC Initiated on January 21, 2020 Daily
CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) COVID-19 Data Act as the primary resource for COVID-19–related mortality data COVID-19–related mortality data Sample frames include the NCHS Research and Development Survey and partnership with the U.S. Census Bureau NCHS No cost NCHS is providing the most recent data available on deaths, mental health, and access to health care, loss of work due to illness, and telemedicine from the vital statistics system, from the NCHS Research and Development Survey, and through a partnership with the U.S. Census Bureau. Initiated in 2020 Varies by dataset
CDC
WONDER
  • Promote information-driven decision making by placing timely, useful facts in the hands of public health practitioners and researchers
  • Provide the general public with access to specific and detailed information from CDC
  • Final and provisional mortality data
  • Interactive Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke (Table 7)
 The sample frame will vary by data source. Topic areas include Census and Surveys of Population, Classifications and Codes, Mortality & Morbidity, Registries, Health Surveys, and General Datasets CDC, NASA Applied Sciences Program No cost Varies by data source Initiated in early 1990s Varies by dataset
CMS Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse (CCW) Virtual Resource Data Center Provide timely access to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) program data in a more efficient and cost-effective manner Each data source includes a variety of CVD-related measures (e.g., hospitalizations, prescription medication, outpatient care) Not applicable CMS Cost associated with the data Varies by data source Varies by data source Varies by data source
County Health Rankings & Roadmaps
  • Provide data to identify needs, set priorities, and track progress surrounding health outcomes, factors, policies, and programs
  • Provide data, evidence, guidance, and examples of multiple factors that influence health in a community
  • Data on access and quality of health care
  • Data on behavioral and environmental risk factors
  • Preventable hospital stays
 Not applicable University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute No cost Data from partner organizations, including CDC and CMS 2008 Annually
HCUPnet
  • Create and enhance a source of national, state, and all-payer health care data
  • Produce a broad set of software tools and products to facilitate the use of Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) and other administrative data
  • Enrich a collaborative partnership with statewide data organizations aimed at increasing the quality and use of health care data
  • Conduct and translate research to inform decision making and improve health care delivery
 The largest collection of longitudinal hospital care data in the United States, with all-payer, discharge-level information
  • HCUP includes the largest collection of longitudinal hospital care data in the United States, with all-payer, encounter-level
  • Available databases, described here:
    • The National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample
    • The Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample (NASS)
    • The Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD)
    • The State Inpatient Databases (SID)
    • The State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Databases (SASD), which include encounter-level data for ambulatory surgery and other outpatient services from hospital-owned facilities
    • The State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD)
 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Restricted-access, public-release nationwide databases and select state databases (when permitted by HCUP partners) may be purchased through the HCUP central distributor AHRQ transforms administrative health care data acquired from HCUP partners into research-ready, uniform databases with a common set of data elements. 1988 Continuously
Health and Retirement Study
  • Monitor the health and well-being of individuals age 50 years or older in the United States
  • Explore the changes in labor force participation and the health transitions that individuals undergo toward the end of their work lives and in the years that follow
 Health status (hypertension, heart disease, heart attack, and stroke occurrence) Approximately 20,000 Americans who are near, at, or older than retirement age in the United States National Institute on Aging and Social Security Administration No cost Longitudinal household surveys (in-depth interviews) 1990 Biennially
Local Trends in Heart Disease and Stroke Mortality Dashboard Provide access to county (or equivalent) estimates of annual CVD death. Maps, graphs, and tables in the dashboard provide federal agencies, state and local health departments, nonprofit organizations, academic institutions, and the public with information to enhance CVD prevention and treatment activities, plan services, allocate resources, and develop policies.
  • Coronary heart disease rates and death rates
  • Heart failure rates and death rates
  • Stroke rates and death rates
 Estimates of annual CVD (i.e., all diseases of the heart, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) death rates from 1999 to 2019 and trends from 1999 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2019 by age group, sex, and race or ethnicity Not applicable No cost Users can display, share, and download maps and graphs of county-level trends in heart disease mortality. Updated in September 2022 Not applicable
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
  • Understand the specific health services that Americans use, how frequently the services are used, their cost, and how they are paid for
  • Collect data on the cost, scope, and breadth of health insurance held by and available to U.S. workers
  • Health care disparities and health equity topics
  • Primary and preventive care
  • Heart conditions, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and stroke
  • Access and quality of health care
 Tract-level data for patients, providers, and employers AHRQ Cost associated with the data Telephone surveys and mailed questionnaire 1996 Annually
Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey
  • Determine expenditures and sources of payment for all services used by Medicare beneficiaries, including copayments, deductibles, and non-covered services
  • Ascertain all types of health insurance coverage and relate coverage to sources of payment
  • Trace processes over time, such as changes in health status and spending down to Medicaid eligibility and the impacts of program changes, satisfaction with care, and usual source of care
  • Cost and utilization
  • Health status and functioning
  • Heart attack, stroke, blood pressure, cholesterol, physical activity, and diet
  • Access to and satisfaction with care
  • Insurance coverage
  • Health behaviors (e.g., physical activity)
 Nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries CMS Cost associated with the data
  • Sample is selected from Medicare enrollment files; oversampling is among disabled persons under age 65 and among persons age 80 and older.
  • Version of questionnaire is determined based on the setting and health of the participant.
 1991 Annually
Multidimensional Deprivation in the United States
  • Provide a more expansive view of well-being than income-based poverty measures
  • The American Community Survey (ACS) is a source of subnational economic, social, and employment characteristics
 Social determinants of health ACS 1-year estimates include data for areas with populations of 65,000 or more U.S. Census Bureau No cost The Multidimensional Deprivation Index is constructed using the Alkire-Foster method, in which individual-level indicators of deprivation in multiple dimensions are used to identify who is deprived and to assess the intensity of their deprivation. Multiple datasets were used, but most of the data came from the 2017 ACS 1-year estimates. 2017 Not applicable
National Emergency Medical Services Information
System (NEMSIS)		 Standardize and collect state-by-state emergency medical services (EMS) data to more accurately assess EMS needs and performance and better support strategic planning for EMS systems Access to quality emergency care for hypertension, stroke, cardiac arrest, and other heart problems Not applicable National data are owned by the National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration’s Office of EMS and in collaboration with the University of Utah No cost
  • EMS providers in all states create patient care reports electronically, using NEMSIS-compliant software.
  • Agencies transmit a portion of their data into a state database.
 2006 Annually
National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network Query Tool Provide a web-based data system to track environmental health factors over time, assess health issues specific to communities, share data visualization tools, and share information to inform prevention, evaluation, program planning efforts, and policy interventions
  • Heart attack, heart disease, and stroke hospitalization, mortality, and prevalence
  • Stroke systems of care
  • High blood pressure, diabetes, and physical health
 Data retrieved from:
  • 26 state and local health departments, federal agencies, and national organizations
  • S. Census Bureau
  • Hospital and emergency department databases
  • Death certificates from the National Center for Health Statistics
 CDC No cost CDC’s Public Health Information Network tools to electronically exchange health data and information. 2009 Depends on state and data source
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Explore emerging public health issues by monitoring trends in the prevalence, treatment, and control of selected diseases and explore relationships between behavioral patterns and health outcome
  • Direct and self-reported measures of blood pressure, height and weight, and serum (cholesterol, diabetes, and kidney function)
  • Cardiovascular fitness of patient and family members
 Nationally representative sample of about 5,000 people each year CDC No cost In-person interviews and physical examinations 1960s Continuously (data released in 2-year cycles)
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Provide data for analyzing health trends and tracking progress toward achieving national health objectives
  • Physical and mental health status
  • Chronic conditions, including asthma, diabetes, and hypertension
  • Access to and use of health care services
  • Behavioral risk factors
 Civilian non-institutionalized U.S. citizens CDC No cost Confidential interviews conducted in households (cross-sectional surveys) 1957 Annually
National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) Provide registration of vital events, including birth, deaths, marriages, divorces, and fetal deaths
  • Indicators vary by state
  • International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes
  • People who recently gave birth
  • Deceased adults and children
 States No cost
  • Certificates completed by physicians, registered nurses, or patients at hospitals and clinics
  • May be used at the substate level (i.e., counties and health districts)
 1890 Depends on state
PLACES:
Local Data for Better Health
  • Provide model-based, population-level analysis and community estimates to all counties, places (incorporated and census-designated places), census tracts, and ZIP code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) across the United States
  • Enable retrieval, visualization, exploration, and download of uniformly defined county-, place-, tract-, and ZCTA-level data for social determinants of health conditions, behaviors, and risk factors
  • Support existing surveillance data by providing estimates necessary to understand health issues affecting local areas, develop and implement effective and targeted prevention activities, identify health problems, and establish key health objectives
  • Measures of health outcomes (e.g., uncontrolled blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease)
  • Behavioral risk factors
  • Access to care measures
 Data from census tracts with a population of 50 or more people CDC No cost Data from BRFSS and the National Survey of Children’s Health 2020 and an expansion of the original 500 Cities Project (2016) Annually
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
  • Provide data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants
  • Allow CDC and the states to monitor changes in maternal and child health indicators (e.g., unintended pregnancy, prenatal care, breastfeeding, smoking, drinking, infant health)
  • Enhance information from birth certificates used to plan and review state maternal and infant health programs
  • Measures of health outcomes (e.g., uncontrolled blood pressure, pregnancy-related mortality and morbidity)
  • Behavioral risk factors
  • Access to care measures
 Women who have had a recent live birth CDC No cost Mailed surveys and telephone interviews 1987 Annually
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Content Source:
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; About the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention