YRBSS—United States, 2023 Supplementary Tables

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What to know

What it covers: 2023 Supplementary Tables
Summary: These 2023 MMWR supplementary tables provide background and supplementary information on the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System.
A diverse group of high school students taking selfie in front of school building.

Table 1. Number of states and local school districts that conducted YRBS.

TABLE 1. Number of states and local school districts that conducted a Youth Risk Behavior Survey and number with and without representative data, by year of survey — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 1991–2023
Year Number of states Number of local school districts
Total Representative data No representative data Total Representative data No representative data
1991 26 9 17 11 7 4
1993 40 22 18 14 9 5
1995 39 22 17 17 12 5
1997 38 24 14 17 15 2
1999 41 22 19 17 14 3
2001 37 22 15 19 14 5
2003 43 32 11 22 20 2
2005 44 40 4 23 21 2
2007 44 39 5 22 22 0
2009 47 42 5 23 20 3
2011 47 43 4 22 21 1
2013 47 42 5 22 21 1
2015 47 37 10 21 19 2
2017 46 39 7 21 21 0
2019 46 44 2 28 28 0
2021 45 44 1 28 28 0
2023 39 36 3 21 21 0

Table 2. Number of states and local school districts that have sexual minority status and obtained representative data.

Table 2. Number of states and local school districts that included at least one of two questions ascertaining sexual minority status and obtained representative data, by year of survey
Unit 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023
States 3 3 2 3 4 4 7 10 14 20 25 30 44 39 29
Districts 1 2 4 5 5 5 6 7 10 19 19 21 28 32 21
Total 4 5 6 8 9 9 13 17 24 39 44 51 72 71 50

Table 3. Sample sizes, response rates, and demographic characteristics*

Table 3. Sample sizes, response rates, and demographic characteristics* — United States and selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2023
Site Student
Sample size		 Response rate (%) Sex (%) Grade (%) Race/Ethnicity (%)
School Student Overall Female Male 9 10 11 12 White† Black† Hispanic Other§
National survey 20,103 50 71 35 48.1 51.9 26.4 25.8 24.2 23.3 48.1 13.3 27.4 11.1
State surveys
Alaska 1,170 77 60 46 47.8 52.2 28.6 26.5 22.9 21.7 43.2 2.7 7.9 46.2
Arkansas 706 38 74 28 49.3 50.7 26.9 26.9 23.7 22.1 59.5 18.9 14.8 6.8
Connecticut 3,182 100 76 76 50.9 49.1 26.6 26.0 23.9 23.3 49.3 12.5 29.2 9.0
Delaware 1,212 72 78 57 49.2 50.8 29.9 24.8 37.0 7.9 40.6 31.7 19.1 8.6
Hawaii 4,384 100 68 68 48.2 51.8 28.9 25.9 22.2 22.7 17.7 1.0 12.3 68.9
Illinois 2,899 72 78 56 48.5 51.5 26.1 25.6 24.1 24.1 48.9 13.8 27.7 9.6
Indiana 1,043 66 79 52 49.1 50.9 26.3 25.3 24.4 23.7 67.5 11.5 13.3 7.6
Kentucky 1,925 86 81 69 48.7 51.3 27.8 25.0 23.2 23.6 74.5 11.1 8.2 6.2
Louisiana 488 30 80 24 49.4 50.6 26.5 23.6 27.0 22.3 43.5 42.3 8.8 5.4
Maine 7,546 73 66 48 48.2 51.8 25.6 25.3 24.5 24.5 86.9 2.7 4.1 6.2
Maryland 37,686 100 73 73 48.9 51.1 30.6 24.3 22.4 22.2 35.1 33.3 19.8 11.8
Massachusetts 3,018 77 72 56 48.2 51.8 26.2 25.7 24.0 23.9 56.1 9.4 23.4 11.1
Michigan 2,214 50 79 40 49.3 50.7 26.9 25.1 23.6 23.8 67.5 15.5 8.6 8.3
Mississippi 608 43 59 25 49.8 50.2 28.5 26.8 23.0 21.3 41.4 48.9 6.2 3.4
Missouri 662 31 76 24 49.1 50.9 26.8 25.2 24.2 23.8 70.4 14.8 7.6 7.3
Montana 3,610 86 79 68 48.7 51.3 27.4 25.8 24.5 21.9 78.3 0.7 5.7 15.4
Nebraska 586 44 57 25 48.2 51.8 25.4 25.5 23.7 25.4 61.6 6.8 22.6 9.0
Nevada 1,471 100 67 67 54.6 45.4 26.4 26.0 24.6 22.8 28.3 10.5 46.3 14.9
New Hampshire 12,640 84 76 64 48.7 51.3 26.6 25.5 24.1 23.5 83.1 2.0 7.6 7.3
New Jersey 1,023 44 83 36 52.7 47.3 25.8 26.0 24.2 24.1 42.5 12.8 31.2 13.5
New Mexico 6,648 90 62 57 49.0 51.0 29.6 26.7 22.2 21.2 20.5 1.5 63.2 14.8
New York 637 40 68 27 55.2 44.8 26.0 25.2 24.2 24.5 61.4 10.2 19.0 9.4
North Carolina 2,265 80 71 57 48.9 51.1 29.0 26.6 23.0 21.1 45.7 24.2 20.5 9.6
North Dakota 1,955 91 79 72 48.6 51.4 27.3 26.0 23.9 22.7 74.0 6.3 6.0 13.7
Ohio 525 43 61 26 48.8 51.2 28.1 26.9 22.9 21.9 68.3 15.6 8.1 8.1
Oklahoma 1,748 76 82 63 49.0 51.0 27.5 26.4 23.6 22.0 46.4 7.8 19.8 25.9
Pennsylvania 2,089 70 79 55 48.5 51.5 26.8 24.9 24.0 24.1 65.4 13.5 12.9 8.3
Rhode Island 1,932 76 74 56 52.9 47.1 27.1 26.0 23.3 23.1 50.9 9.6 31.1 8.4
South Dakota 2,194 60 73 44 48.6 51.4 29.9 25.0 22.6 22.0 74.1 3.2 7.2 15.5
Tennessee 1,573 80 66 52 48.9 51.1 26.4 26.0 24.0 22.9 60.9 24.3 12.1 2.8
Texas 1,015 48 67 32 49.1 50.9 28.6 26.1 23.1 22.0 26.2 12.8 53.1 7.9
Utah 794 92 36 33 48.7 51.3 26.0 25.7 24.9 23.3 71.9 1.4 19.7 7.0
Vermont 15,606 95 82 66 48.4 51.6 26.2 25.7 24.4 23.2 82.7 3.1 5.6 8.6
Virginia 1,962 67 60 40 48.4 51.6 26.1 25.8 24.1 23.5 44.9 21.3 19.4 14.4
West Virginia 971 81 77 62 44.9 55.1 27.9 26.7 22.7 22.6 79.5 6.4 6.6 7.5
Large urban school district surveys
Albuquerque, NM 3,428 100 61 61 49.1 50.9 34.4 28.1 19.4 17.9 18.0 2.5 68.7 10.8
Boston, MA 1,418 97 68 66 47.1 52.9 25.3 25.1 24.2 25.1 11.4 30.3 46.0 12.3
Chicago, IL 1,448 84 74 63 49.1 50.9 25.6 27.0 24.0 23.3 12.7 28.8 50.4 8.0
Cleveland, OH 1,211 100 65 65 48.1 51.9 31.5 28.4 20.7 19.4 12.8 64.1 18.9 4.2
District of Columbia 12,423 100 67 67 51.6 48.4 34.1 25.9 22.1 17.7 6.4 66.5 21.1 6.1
Eaton Consortium, MI 1,118 100 75 75 49.7 50.3 28.7 24.4 22.4 22.6 52.9 20.4 14.5 12.2
Gaston County, NC 1,233 100 71 71 49.2 50.8 29.0 27.1 22.3 20.9 49.6 24.5 19.1 6.8
Genesee Consortium, MI 829 100 71 71 49.9 50.1 30.8 26.1 21.1 21.6 32.2 54.5 5.5 7.8
Houston, TX 2,140 90 88 80 49.0 51.0 31.9 25.3 21.1 20.9 7.8 22.8 63.3 6.1
Los Angeles, CA 1,323 100 78 78 48.6 51.4 28.3 26.5 23.1 22.0 6.5 6.7 80.2 6.6
Nashville, TN 1,242 100 72 72 49.5 50.5 28.3 26.2 24.4 21.0 20.6 38.7 31.3 9.4
New York City, NY 8,338 77 73 57 49.1 50.9 27.6 26.0 23.5 22.2 10.4 24.9 40.5 24.3
Newark, NJ 1,365 100 75 75 49.3 50.7 26.3 26.2 25.1 22.2 3.2 38.9 52.4 5.5
Oakland, CA 1,310 100 66 66 49.5 50.5 24.3 25.7 24.2 25.7 6.7 22.3 50.3 20.7
Philadelphia, PA 1,010 100 62 62 49.9 50.1 29.0 27.3 21.9 21.7 12.2 47.7 24.1 15.9
Portland, OR 1,343 100 78 78 51.1 48.9 25.5 26.1 25.0 23.4 54.8 8.3 17.5 19.5
San Diego, CA 1,488 100 78 78 47.7 52.3 26.8 26.3 23.8 22.4 23.0 7.5 44.8 24.6
San Francisco, CA 2,586 100 58 58 50.0 50.0 23.5 26.1 24.7 25.6 10.9 6.3 33.1 49.7
Seattle, WA 1,328 100 83 83 49.9 50.1 24.8 24.7 25.9 24.3 45.7 13.8 14.6 26.0
Shelby County, TN 1,721 100 70 70 50.3 49.7 29.3 25.6 22.1 22.8 3.4 71.5 18.3 6.7
Spartanburg County, SC 1,112 100 84 84 48.2 51.8 30.0 26.7 22.8 20.5 60.0 23.2 8.8 8.0

* Weighted population estimates for the United States and each site.
† Non-Hispanic.
§ American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and multiple race (non-Hispanic).

Table 4. Number and percentage of students, by sexual identity

Table 4. Number and percentage of students, by sexual identity — United States and selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2023
Site Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) Gay or lesbian Bisexual Other/Questioning
No. % CI* No. % CI No. % CI No. % CI
National survey
Total 13,289 73.3 (71.1–75.4) 683 4.0 (3.5–4.6) 2,053 11.4 (10.2–12.7) 1,610 8.7 (7.8–9.8)
Male 7,702 84.2 (82.2–86.0) 268 3.2 (2.7–3.7) 427 5.0 (4.2–6.0) 383 4.1 (3.4–4.9)
Female 5,553 62.0 (58.8–65.1) 391 4.8 (4.0–5.8) 1,610 18.3 (16.5–20.1) 1,190 13.5 (12.0–15.2)
State surveys
Arkansas —† — — — — — — — — — — —
Connecticut 2,250 74.2 (71.9–76.4) 106 3.6 (2.9–4.5) 371 12.1 (10.9–13.4) 230 7.6 (6.7–8.5)
Delaware 869 72.9 (69.5–76.1) 53 4.6 (3.3–6.2) 145 11.9 (9.7–14.6) 99 8.7 (7.1–10.6)
Hawaii 3,219 74.2 (71.9–76.5) 153 4.2 (3.3–5.2) 396 9.4 (8.3–10.7) 358 8.6 (7.5–9.9)
Illinois 2,030 74.1 (71.4–76.6) 115 3.6 (2.7–4.8) 360 12.9 (10.9–15.2) 269 7.8 (6.9–8.9)
Indiana 678 72.6 (69.6–75.4) 28 3.0 (1.9–4.7) 117 13.3 (10.7–16.5) 80 8.2 (6.5–10.3)
Kentucky 1,426 75.4 (72.8–77.8) 74 3.9 (3.1–4.9) 208 11.3 (9.8–12.9) 140 7.7 (6.6–8.9)
Maine 4,987 69.9 (68.0–71.7) 294 4.1 (3.8–4.6) 966 13.7 (12.5–14.9) 752 10.4 (9.6–11.3)
Maryland 27,134 72.0 (71.2–72.8) 1,412 3.7 (3.4–4.0) 4,280 11.8 (11.2–12.4) 3,336 9.7 (9.2–10.1)
Massachusetts 2,227 74.1 (71.1–76.9) 100 3.4 (2.6–4.4) 361 11.9 (10.4–13.6) 257 8.7 (7.4–10.3)
Michigan 1,627 74.6 (71.1–77.9) 93 4.6 (3.4–6.2) 249 11.8 (9.5–14.5) 166 7.2 (6.1–8.5)
Mississippi 425 74.0 (68.2–79.2) 28 4.2 (2.5–7.2) 57 10.4 (8.1–13.2) 47 8.8 (6.1–12.4)
Missouri 489 73.1 (67.4–78.1) 21 2.9 (1.0–7.8) 82 14.8 (12.0–18.0) 46 7.1 (5.3–9.5)
Nevada 1,017 70.8 (66.8–74.6) 57 4.1 (3.2–5.1) 195 13.9 (11.3–17.0) 151 10.0 (8.4–11.9)
New Hampshire 8,585 71.9 (70.8–73.0) 492 4.0 (3.6–4.4) 1,594 12.4 (11.7–13.2) 1,205 9.5 (8.9–10.1)
New Jersey 773 76.9 (73.5–79.9) 43 4.5 (3.6–5.7) 92 9.3 (7.2–12.0) 64 6.6 (5.2–8.5)
New Mexico 4,643 74.8 (72.8–76.7) 200 3.4 (2.9–3.9) 658 10.7 (9.5–12.0) 373 6.2 (5.5–6.9)
New York 448 74.8 (67.3–81.1) 34 5.5 (3.2–9.4) 65 9.8 (7.4–12.8) 47 7.5 (4.9–11.2)
North Carolina 1,648 74.4 (71.8–76.9) 90 3.6 (2.8–4.8) 267 12.3 (10.4–14.5) 176 7.6 (6.9–8.5)
North Dakota 1,404 77.8 (75.1–80.3) 42 2.5 (1.8–3.6) 175 9.4 (7.8–11.2) 130 7.1 (5.9–8.6)
Ohio 380 75.5 (68.8–81.2) 17 3.6 (2.2–5.8) 78 12.3 (9.3–16.1) 33 7.3 (4.9–10.8)
Oklahoma 1,311 78.4 (74.9–81.5) 48 3.4 (2.3–5.1) 160 9.1 (7.5–11.1) 126 7.6 (6.2–9.2)
Pennsylvania 1,446 72.3 (69.1–75.3) 67 3.3 (2.5–4.4) 241 11.9 (10.0–14.2) 196 9.8 (8.4–11.3)
Rhode Island 1,272 69.3 (66.2–72.2) 84 4.4 (3.4–5.7) 222 12.3 (10.9–13.8) 190 9.6 (7.3–12.4)
Texas 704 71.9 (65.4–77.5) 23 2.4 (1.5–3.8) 124 11.6 (8.5–15.7) 100 11.2 (8.6–14.4)
Utah 609 78.6 (74.0–82.5) 31 4.1 (2.7–6.2) 63 8.4 (5.7–12.3) 60 7.3 (5.4–9.7)
Vermont 10,939 70.6 (69.8–71.3) 648 4.2 (3.8–4.5) 2,064 13.5 (12.9–14.1) 1,541 9.9 (9.4–10.4)
Virginia 1,402 74.1 (71.2–76.8) 70 3.6 (2.8–4.7) 193 10.1 (8.1–12.7) 161 8.4 (7.1–10.0)
Median 74.1 3.7 11.9 8.2
Range 69.3–78.6 2.4–5.5 8.4–14.8 6.2–11.2
Large urban school district surveys
Albuquerque, NM 2,245 71.7 (69.6–73.7) 113 3.6 (2.9–4.5) 400 12.0 (10.7–13.5) 257 7.8 (6.8–9.0)
Boston, MA 969 70.8 (67.5–73.8) 53 3.4 (2.5–4.7) 152 11.3 (9.3–13.6) 154 10.7 (8.8–12.9)
Chicago, IL 985 69.2 (65.9–72.3) 65 4.3 (3.5–5.2) 187 13.0 (11.4–14.8) 162 11.2 (9.2–13.6)
Cleveland, OH 797 68.2 (64.9–71.3) 60 4.8 (3.7–6.3) 187 14.9 (12.5–17.7) 98 7.7 (6.3–9.4)
District of Columbia 7,786 71.7 (70.9–72.6) 503 4.6 (4.2–5.0) 1,359 12.4 (11.8–13.1) 951 8.2 (7.7–8.7)
Eaton Consortium, MI 754 70.1 (66.2–73.8) 44 4.1 (2.9–5.8) 147 13.1 (10.8–15.8) 121 10.8 (8.9–13.0)
Gaston County, NC 862 72.2 (69.6–74.5) 74 6.1 (4.5–8.2) 140 10.8 (9.2–12.7) 102 8.3 (6.7–10.4)
Genesee Consortium, MI 559 71.4 (68.1–74.6) 43 5.6 (3.9–7.8) 98 12.0 (9.9–14.4) 77 9.5 (7.5–12.1)
Houston, TX 1,429 71.3 (68.5–73.9) 99 4.8 (3.9–5.9) 215 10.2 (9.0–11.6) 197 9.5 (8.0–11.2)
Los Angeles, CA 955 74.0 (71.3–76.6) 47 3.8 (3.0–4.7) 144 11.1 (9.8–12.6) 105 8.2 (6.8–10.0)
Nashville, TN 788 68.5 (65.2–71.7) 51 4.4 (3.4–5.6) 116 10.0 (8.3–11.9) 128 11.1 (8.6–14.2)
New York City, NY 6,010 71.7 (70.5–72.9) 283 3.5 (3.0–4.1) 860 11.6 (10.7–12.5) 633 8.6 (7.8–9.5)
Newark, NJ 978 74.1 (71.3–76.8) 52 4.3 (3.3–5.5) 151 10.7 (9.1–12.7) 86 6.4 (5.1–8.0)
Oakland, CA 947 75.1 (72.6–77.4) 34 2.6 (1.8–3.7) 122 8.9 (7.3–10.9) 122 8.6 (7.1–10.4)
Philadelphia, PA 601 69.3 (63.9–74.3) 31 3.6 (2.6–4.9) 117 12.9 (9.9–16.8) 123 12.5 (10.2–15.3)
Portland, OR 803 63.1 (59.9–66.2) 85 6.2 (4.8–8.0) 216 15.9 (14.1–18.0) 181 13.5 (11.3–15.9)
San Diego, CA 1,070 73.7 (70.7–76.5) 56 3.4 (2.7–4.3) 175 11.9 (10.0–14.1) 146 9.6 (8.0–11.5)
San Francisco, CA 1,843 69.4 (66.3–72.2) 72 2.9 (2.3–3.7) 268 11.3 (9.2–13.9) 300 12.5 (10.8–14.4)
Seattle, WA 893 69.3 (65.7–72.7) 59 4.4 (3.2–5.9) 177 14.7 (12.5–17.3) 148 10.9 (9.3–12.9)
Shelby County, TN 1,113 70.1 (67.8–72.2) 127 8.0 (6.5–9.7) 205 11.6 (9.9–13.6) 126 6.9 (5.7–8.4)
Spartanburg County, SC — — — — — — — — — — — —
Median  71.1   4.3  11.8   9.5
Range 63.1–75.1 2.6–8.0 8.9–15.9 6.4–13.5

*95% confidence interval.
†Not available.

Table 5. Number and percentage of students, by sex of sexual contacts

Table 5. Number and percentage of students, by sex of sexual contacts — United States and selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2023
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only Same sex only Both sexes No sexual contact
Site No. % CI* No. % CI No. % CI No. % CI
National survey
Total 5,859 38.1 (36.6–39.6) 463 3.0 (2.5–3.7) 872 5.1 (4.5–5.9) 8,097 53.7 (51.9–55.6)
Male 3,295 42.0 (40.1–43.9) 174 2.2 (1.8–2.8) 174 2.1 (1.5–2.9) 4,075 53.7 (51.8–55.6)
Female 2,564 33.9 (32.3–35.5) 289 3.9 (3.1–5.0) 698 8.4 (7.4–9.6) 4,022 53.8 (51.4–56.2)
State surveys
Arkansas 227 38.9 (28.3–50.7) 39 6.8 (4.5–10.2) 37 6.2 (4.2–9.1) 316 48.1 (36.8–59.5)
Connecticut 1,011 34.8 (32.4–37.4) 73 2.5 (1.9–3.2) 158 5.6 (4.5–6.8) 1,651 57.1 (54.5–59.7)
Delaware 410 37.8 (32.9–42.9) 31 2.9 (2.0–4.2) 63 5.8 (4.4–7.6) 596 53.5 (47.7–59.2)
Hawaii 1,257 31.5 (28.6–34.7) 126 3.6 (2.8–4.6) 162 3.9 (3.1–4.9) 2,363 61.0 (57.5–64.4)
Illinois 838 34.6 (31.1–38.3) 100 3.8 (2.8–5.2) 143 5.6 (4.5–6.9) 1,546 56.1 (51.7–60.4)
Indiana —† — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 705 40.8 (37.5–44.1) 51 3.2 (2.2–4.5) 108 6.3 (5.2–7.7) 904 49.8 (46.1–53.4)
Maine 2,540 38.8 (37.2–40.4) 225 3.3 (2.8–4.0) 437 6.5 (5.6–7.4) 3,594 51.4 (49.8–53.1)
Maryland — — — — — — — — — — — —
Massachusetts 1,051 38.4 (35.0–41.9) 83 2.9 (2.3–3.8) 148 5.2 (4.1–6.4) 1,530 53.5 (50.3–56.6)
Michigan 652 36.3 (32.3–40.5) 83 3.9 (2.8–5.3) 112 5.8 (4.3–7.8) 1,162 54.0 (50.0–58.0)
Mississippi 195 38.8 (31.9–46.2) 23 4.2 (2.1–8.2) 33 5.9 (4.6–7.4) 256 51.1 (42.9–59.2)
Missouri — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nevada 390 33.6 (29.7–37.8) 56 4.8 (3.5–6.6) 86 7.5 (5.6–9.9) 701 54.1 (49.1–59.0)
New Hampshire — — — — — — — — — — — —
New Jersey 349 35.4 (31.6–39.3) 31 3.2 (2.7–3.8) 33 3.1 (2.0–4.7) 583 58.4 (53.6–63.0)
New Mexico 1,751 32.5 (30.0–35.1) 157 3.1 (2.6–3.6) 232 4.5 (3.8–5.4) 3,120 59.9 (57.1–62.7)
New York — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Carolina 806 39.2 (36.7–41.9) 81 4.1 (3.0–5.7) 138 6.2 (4.9–7.8) 1,088 50.4 (47.7–53.1)
North Dakota — — — — — — — — — — — —
Ohio — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oklahoma 631 42.2 (37.8–46.7) 46 2.8 (2.2–3.7) 96 6.4 (4.9–8.2) 787 48.6 (44.0–53.2)
Pennsylvania 725 39.0 (35.7–42.3) 59 2.9 (2.2–3.8) 95 5.3 (3.8–7.3) 1,077 52.8 (49.5–56.2)
Rhode Island 573 35.2 (31.7–38.9) 63 3.8 (2.9–5.1) 88 4.9 (3.9–6.2) 1,005 56.0 (52.8–59.2)
Texas 327 35.6 (30.6–41.0) 25 2.5 (1.8–3.7) 51 5.7 (4.5–7.2) 527 56.1 (51.2–60.9)
Utah — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont — — — — — — — — — — — —
Virginia 455 26.7 (22.5–31.3) 52 2.9 (1.9–4.5) 75 4.8 (3.4–6.7) 1,263 65.6 (59.8–71.0)
Median  36.3   3.2   5.7  54.0
Range 26.7–42.2 2.5–6.8 3.1–7.5 48.1–65.6
Large urban school district surveys
Albuquerque, NM 994 31.5 (28.9–34.2) 100 3.3 (2.6–4.1) 167 4.9 (4.1–5.9) 1,768 60.3 (57.5–63.1)
Boston, MA 479 39.1 (35.7–42.6) 43 3.3 (2.3–4.8) 69 5.8 (4.4–7.6) 689 51.8 (48.0–55.5)
Chicago, IL 408 30.9 (26.8–35.4) 49 3.6 (2.5–5.1) 77 5.5 (3.9–7.6) 800 60.0 (55.4–64.4)
Cleveland, OH 385 38.2 (34.1–42.4) 46 4.5 (3.3–6.1) 77 6.3 (4.9–8.1) 547 51.0 (47.0–55.0)
District of Columbia 3,525 35.1 (34.2–36.1) 444 4.4 (4.0–4.8) 571 5.6 (5.1–6.0) 5,671 54.9 (53.9–55.9)
Eaton Consortium, MI 298 32.5 (28.3–37.0) 45 4.3 (3.1–6.0) 60 5.7 (4.5–7.2) 604 57.4 (52.8–61.9)
Gaston County, NC 342 37.5 (33.7–41.6) 41 3.8 (2.7–5.3) 99 9.2 (7.6–11.3) 512 49.4 (45.2–53.6)
Genesee Consortium, MI 285 42.8 (37.8–48.0) 40 5.7 (4.1–8.0) 49 6.4 (5.0–8.3) 334 45.0 (40.2–49.9)
Houston, TX 573 34.3 (31.9–36.8) 85 4.9 (3.7–6.3) 88 5.0 (3.9–6.4) 1,003 55.8 (52.8–58.8)
Los Angeles, CA 377 31.9 (28.1–35.9) 46 3.9 (2.6–5.9) 59 5.3 (3.9–7.3) 694 58.9 (55.0–62.6)
Nashville, TN 379 35.8 (32.1–39.6) 41 3.9 (2.9–5.2) 60 5.6 (4.2–7.5) 609 54.7 (50.6–58.7)
New York City, NY 1,529 24.8 (23.5–26.2) 310 5.5 (4.8–6.4) 261 4.0 (3.4–4.6) 4,142 65.7 (64.1–67.2)
Newark, NJ 382 30.8 (27.2–34.6) 43 3.9 (3.0–5.2) 51 3.6 (2.7–4.8) 784 61.7 (57.7–65.5)
Oakland, CA 385 34.3 (30.5–38.2) 22 1.7 (1.0–2.9) 56 4.3 (3.2–5.7) 704 59.7 (55.7–63.5)
Philadelphia, PA 273 35.3 (29.4–41.6) 42 5.2 (3.6–7.5) 40 5.0 (3.3–7.6) 452 54.5 (47.3–61.5)
Portland, OR 343 28.1 (24.0–32.7) 56 4.2 (3.3–5.4) 85 7.0 (5.6–8.6) 768 60.7 (55.8–65.3)
San Diego, CA 473 34.0 (30.1–38.0) 60 4.1 (3.0–5.5) 72 4.9 (3.7–6.3) 740 57.1 (52.8–61.3)
San Francisco, CA 553 23.3 (20.3–26.6) 52 2.3 (1.7–3.2) 104 5.3 (4.4–6.4) 1,727 69.1 (65.6–72.4)
Seattle, WA 362 31.7 (27.9–35.7) 51 4.3 (3.1–5.9) 70 7.0 (5.2–9.2) 714 57.1 (52.4–61.7)
Shelby County, TN 492 37.6 (34.4–41.0) 94 7.5 (5.8–9.5) 109 7.6 (6.0–9.6) 683 47.3 (43.6–51.1)
Spartanburg County, SC 381 35.0 (31.1–39.1) 21 1.8 (1.1–2.8) 63 5.4 (4.2–7.1) 610 57.8 (53.5–62.0)
Median 34.3 4.1 5.5 57.1
Range 23.3–42.8 1.7–7.5 3.6–9.2 45.0–69.1

*95% confidence interval.
†Not available.

TABLE 6. Sex of sexual contacts, by sexual identity

TABLE 6. Sex of sexual contacts, by sexual identity — United States and selected U.S. sites,* Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2023
Site Sex of sexual contacts Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Other/Questioning
% CI† % CI % CI
National survey Opposite sex only 88.9 (86.8–90.7) 8.9 (7.3–10.7) 2.2 (1.7–2.9)
Same sex only or both sexes 19.0 (14.4–24.7) 66.8 (60.9–72.3) 14.2 (10.3–19.1)
No sexual contact 80.9 (78.5–83.1) 14.4 (12.8–16.2) 4.6 (3.7–5.8)
State surveys
Connecticut Opposite sex only 89.8 (86.9–92.1) 8.9 (6.7–11.8) 1.3 (0.7–2.4)
Same sex only or both sexes 17.1 (11.2–25.2) 69.6 (62.1–76.2) 13.3 (9.1–18.9)
No sexual contact 81.8 (78.8–84.6) 14.0 (11.9–16.5) 4.1 (3.1–5.5)
Delaware Opposite sex only 89.9 (85.4–93.1) 8.5 (5.7–12.5) 1.6 (0.5–5.5)
Same sex only or both sexes 14.6 (9.0–22.9) 66.7 (52.9–78.1) 18.7 (10.2–31.6)
No sexual contact 77.9 (73.6–81.7) 15.9 (12.6–19.7) 6.2 (4.3–8.8)
Hawaii Opposite sex only 89.3 (86.7–91.4) 8.7 (6.7–11.2) 2.0 (1.2–3.5)
Same sex only or both sexes 15.4 (9.6–24.0) 68.6 (55.9–79.1) 15.9 (10.2–23.9)
No sexual contact 83.5 (81.2–85.6) 12.2 (10.2–14.4) 4.3 (3.4–5.5)
Illinois Opposite sex only 88.4 (85.0–91.1) 9.5 (7.2–12.6) 2.1 (1.1–3.8)
Same sex only or both sexes 18.4 (10.8–29.6) 67.6 (56.4–77.0) 14.0 (8.6–22.2)
No sexual contact 82.2 (79.3–84.8) 14.2 (11.5–17.4) 3.6 (3.0–4.4)
Kentucky Opposite sex only 91.0 (87.7–93.5) 7.4 (5.3–10.3) 1.6 (0.7–3.5)
Same sex only or both sexes 18.4 (11.7–27.8) 65.8 (55.8–74.6) 15.8 (8.7–27.0)
No sexual contact 83.0 (79.6–86.0) 13.2 (11.0–15.8) 3.8 (2.5–5.6)
Maine Opposite sex only 86.4 (83.9–88.6) 10.3 (8.8–12.2) 3.3 (2.4–4.4)
Same sex only or both sexes 17.8 (14.5–21.8) 65.9 (62.0–69.6) 16.3 (13.5–19.5)
No sexual contact 76.6 (74.8–78.3) 17.0 (15.5–18.6) 6.5 (5.5–7.7)
Massachusetts Opposite sex only 89.7 (86.4–92.3) 8.2 (6.3–10.7) 2.0 (1.1–3.9)
Same sex only or both sexes 8.6 (4.8–14.8) 72.0 (64.6–78.4) 19.4 (14.3–25.8)
No sexual contact 81.5 (78.7–83.9) 13.9 (11.9–16.2) 4.6 (3.6–5.9)
Michigan Opposite sex only 89.7 (84.7–93.2) 8.3 (5.3–12.8) 2.0 (1.0–4.0)
Same sex only or both sexes 20.5 (14.6–28.0) 65.1 (56.5–72.8) 14.4 (9.8–20.7)
No sexual contact 81.8 (77.5–85.3) 14.6 (11.5–18.5) 3.6 (2.6–4.9)
Mississippi Opposite sex only 86.8 (76.4–93.1) 9.5 (5.1–16.9) 3.7 (1.6–8.2)
Same sex only or both sexes 19.1 (8.2–38.5) 61.5 (47.5–73.8) 19.4 (10.3–33.5)
No sexual contact 85.5 (80.6–89.4) 9.9 (6.2–15.3) 4.6 (2.0–10.1)
Nevada Opposite sex only 87.3 (80.3–92.0) 10.3 (6.2–16.5) 2.4 (1.0–5.8)
Same sex only or both sexes 23.2 (16.3–31.8) 66.7 (56.8–75.4) 10.1 (6.2–16.1)
No sexual contact 80.1 (76.0–83.6) 14.2 (11.8–17.1) 5.7 (4.0–8.0)
New Jersey Opposite sex only 93.2 (87.6–96.4) 5.4 (2.7–10.4) 1.4 (0.4–4.4)
Same sex only or both sexes 5.1 (1.5–16.4) 83.1 (67.8–92.0) 11.8 (4.7–26.5)
No sexual contact 83.1 (78.6–86.8) 12.5 (9.8–15.8) 4.4 (2.9–6.6)
New Mexico Opposite sex only 91.4 (89.4–93.0) 7.1 (5.6–9.1) 1.5 (1.1–2.0)
Same sex only or both sexes 16.8 (13.0–21.4) 70.9 (66.6–74.8) 12.3 (9.8–15.4)
No sexual contact 85.1 (83.2–86.8) 12.4 (10.6–14.4) 2.5 (2.0–3.2)
North Carolina Opposite sex only 91.4 (89.4–93.1) 7.2 (5.4–9.4) 1.4 (0.7–2.8)
Same sex only or both sexes 20.1 (14.6–27.0) 73.2 (66.9–78.7) 6.7 (4.0–11.2)
No sexual contact 82.2 (78.5–85.4) 13.3 (10.3–17.1) 4.5 (3.3–6.1)
Oklahoma Opposite sex only 91.9 (89.2–93.9) 6.9 (4.9–9.7) 1.2 (0.5–2.7)
Same sex only or both sexes 17.9 (9.8–30.6) 61.4 (51.7–70.3) 20.7 (14.3–28.9)
No sexual contact 85.1 (80.8–88.6) 10.8 (8.2–14.0) 4.1 (2.6–6.6)
Pennsylvania Opposite sex only 89.4 (86.3–91.8) 7.0 (5.0–9.7) 3.6 (2.3–5.6)
Same sex only or both sexes 16.2 (11.2–22.8) 66.7 (59.7–73.0) 17.1 (11.8–24.0)
No sexual contact 80.2 (76.1–83.7) 16.1 (13.0–19.8) 3.7 (2.7–5.2)
Rhode Island Opposite sex only 86.9 (82.2–90.5) 10.2 (6.9–14.8) 2.9 (1.8–4.6)
Same sex only or both sexes 11.5 (5.5–22.4) 74.4 (63.6–82.9) 14.1 (8.3–22.9)
No sexual contact 80.3 (75.8–84.1) 15.0 (12.2–18.3) 4.7 (2.6–8.4)
Texas Opposite sex only 89.7 (84.5–93.3) 7.3 (4.0–12.9) 3.0 (1.4–6.1)
Same sex only or both sexes 14.5 (6.4–29.5) 56.7 (43.0–69.5) 28.8 (19.9–39.7)
No sexual contact 79.4 (71.1–85.8) 13.6 (8.8–20.4) 7.1 (5.0–9.9)
Virginia Opposite sex only 90.7 (86.5–93.7) 7.8 (5.1–11.7) 1.5 (0.7–3.5)
Same sex only or both sexes 18.6 (8.4–36.2) 61.0 (42.9–76.6) 20.4 (13.1–30.5)
No sexual contact 83.5 (80.5–86.2) 13.0 (10.5–15.9) 3.5 (2.4–5.1)
Median Opposite sex only 89.7 8.3 2.0
Range Opposite sex only 86.4–93.2 5.4–10.3 1.2–3.7
Median Same sex only or both sexes 17.5 66.7 15.9
Range Same sex only or both sexes 5.1–23.2 56.7–83.1 6.7–28.8
Median No sexual contact 82.0 13.8 4.4
Range No sexual contact 76.6–85.5 9.9–17.0 2.5–7.1
Large urban school district surveys
Albuquerque, NM Opposite sex only 88.3 (85.7–90.6) 9.1 (7.3–11.2) 2.6 (1.6–4.2)
Same sex only or both sexes 15.6 (10.4–22.8) 73.3 (65.8–79.6) 11.1 (7.1–17.0)
No sexual contact 81.7 (79.0–84.2) 14.0 (12.0–16.3) 4.3 (3.2–5.6)
Boston, MA Opposite sex only 90.6 (87.5–93.0) 7.2 (5.1–10.0) 2.2 (1.1–4.3)
Same sex only or both sexes 18.3 (12.0–27.1) 63.1 (51.8–73.2) 18.5 (10.4–30.9)
No sexual contact 78.2 (74.2–81.6) 15.5 (12.6–18.8) 6.4 (4.5–9.0)
Chicago, IL Opposite sex only 85.5 (81.1–89.0) 8.0 (5.4–11.8) 6.5 (4.3–9.7)
Same sex only or both sexes 11.6 (6.8–19.0) 70.0 (61.6–77.3) 18.4 (11.7–27.6)
No sexual contact 76.8 (73.0–80.2) 16.4 (13.8–19.3) 6.8 (4.8–9.5)
Cleveland, OH Opposite sex only 88.3 (84.5–91.3) 10.0 (7.1–14.0) 1.7 (0.7–3.8)
Same sex only or both sexes 21.0 (13.4–31.5) 69.6 (60.5–77.4) 9.4 (4.9–17.0)
No sexual contact 73.9 (69.4–78.0) 20.1 (16.2–24.8) 6.0 (4.0–8.7)
District of Columbia Opposite sex only 89.1 (88.0–90.1) 9.0 (8.1–10.1) 1.8 (1.4–2.4)
Same sex only or both sexes 18.1 (15.7–20.8) 68.4 (65.2–71.3) 13.5 (11.5–15.9)
No sexual contact 80.0 (78.9–81.1) 15.8 (14.8–16.8) 4.2 (3.7–4.8)
Eaton Consortium, MI Opposite sex only 86.5 (81.2–90.6) 9.4 (6.2–14.1) 4.1 (2.2–7.4)
Same sex only or both sexes 21.4 (14.2–30.9) 62.1 (50.4–72.5) 16.5 (9.8–26.5)
No sexual contact 79.7 (74.4–84.1) 15.3 (11.8–19.5) 5.0 (3.2–7.7)
Gaston County, NC Opposite sex only 88.8 (84.9–91.8) 8.7 (6.3–11.7) 2.5 (1.3–4.9)
Same sex only or both sexes 26.1 (18.8–34.8) 63.9 (54.7–72.1) 10.1 (5.8–16.9)
No sexual contact 79.6 (75.3–83.2) 15.5 (11.9–20.0) 4.9 (3.2–7.5)
Genesee Consortium, MI Opposite sex only 84.9 (79.1–89.3) 10.6 (7.2–15.4) 4.5 (2.3–8.3)
Same sex only or both sexes 23.8 (15.6–34.5) 57.8 (44.9–69.7) 18.4 (11.1–29.0)
No sexual contact 80.2 (75.3–84.3) 16.1 (11.8–21.5) 3.7 (1.9–7.3)
Houston, TX Opposite sex only 87.2 (83.8–90.0) 10.4 (7.8–13.8) 2.4 (1.2–4.5)
Same sex only or both sexes 31.4 (24.1–39.8) 55.5 (47.7–63.1) 13.0 (8.3–19.9)
No sexual contact 83.2 (80.1–86.0) 12.5 (10.1–15.2) 4.3 (3.1–5.9)
Los Angeles, CA Opposite sex only 89.7 (84.7–93.2) 7.6 (5.0–11.2) 2.7 (1.2–6.2)
Same sex only or both sexes 29.2 (20.9–39.0) 57.6 (44.8–69.4) 13.2 (6.6–24.7)
No sexual contact 83.9 (81.6–85.9) 12.5 (10.3–15.1) 3.6 (2.8–4.7)
Nashville, TN Opposite sex only 87.7 (83.9–90.8) 9.0 (6.5–12.4) 3.3 (1.7–6.1)
Same sex only or both sexes 13.4 (6.8–24.6) 77.9 (64.7–87.1) 8.8 (4.1–17.9)
No sexual contact 82.5 (79.0–85.5) 11.0 (8.7–13.8) 6.5 (4.5–9.2)
New York City, NY Opposite sex only 86.4 (83.7–88.7) 10.8 (8.7–13.3) 2.8 (1.8–4.3)
Same sex only or both sexes 30.8 (26.0–36.0) 59.8 (54.2–65.1) 9.4 (6.5–13.5)
No sexual contact 84.6 (83.1–86.0) 11.3 (10.1–12.6) 4.1 (3.3–5.1)
Newark, NJ Opposite sex only 92.7 (89.5–95.0) 6.2 (4.2–9.1) 1.1 (0.4–3.1)
Same sex only or both sexes 13.3 (7.1–23.5) 74.0 (61.7–83.4) 12.7 (7.1–21.6)
No sexual contact 83.4 (79.8–86.4) 13.8 (11.2–16.8) 2.8 (1.8–4.5)
Oakland, CA Opposite sex only 91.1 (86.9–94.0) 7.1 (4.4–11.2) 1.9 (0.8–4.2)
Same sex only or both sexes 25.5 (14.6–40.7) 58.3 (43.5–71.8) 16.2 (8.4–28.7)
No sexual contact 83.1 (79.6–86.1) 11.9 (9.3–15.0) 5.0 (3.4–7.3)
Philadelphia, PA Opposite sex only 88.6 (83.3–92.4) 6.8 (4.2–10.7) 4.6 (2.6–8.1)
Same sex only or both sexes 23.9 (11.9–42.3) 59.1 (45.7–71.2) 17.0 (10.2–27.1)
No sexual contact 75.7 (69.0–81.4) 16.8 (12.2–22.6) 7.5 (5.0–11.0)
Portland, OR Opposite sex only 86.2 (81.8–89.7) 10.8 (7.9–14.6) 3.0 (1.5–5.9)
Same sex only or both sexes 9.5 (5.5–15.9) 73.6 (64.5–81.1) 16.9 (10.5–25.9)
No sexual contact 71.6 (67.8–75.2) 21.7 (18.5–25.3) 6.7 (4.8–9.2)
San Diego, CA Opposite sex only 89.5 (85.3–92.5) 8.2 (5.5–12.0) 2.4 (1.1–4.9)
Same sex only or both sexes 27.3 (19.3–37.2) 62.1 (51.8–71.4) 10.6 (6.0–17.8)
No sexual contact 82.1 (78.5–85.3) 13.1 (10.4–16.5) 4.7 (3.5–6.4)
San Francisco, CA Opposite sex only 89.4 (85.0–92.7) 7.5 (4.6–11.8) 3.1 (1.6–6.1)
Same sex only or both sexes 18.6 (10.2–31.3) 67.1 (55.3–77.1) 14.3 (7.8–24.8)
No sexual contact 80.3 (76.8–83.4) 13.6 (10.8–17.0) 6.1 (4.8–7.7)
Seattle, WA Opposite sex only 84.8 (78.1–89.7) 11.8 (7.9–17.2) 3.5 (2.0–6.0)
Same sex only or both sexes 19.4 (12.2–29.6) 73.3 (64.0–80.9) 7.2 (3.5–14.3)
No sexual contact 78.9 (74.8–82.4) 15.6 (12.6–19.2) 5.5 (3.9–7.8)
Shelby County, TN Opposite sex only 88.4 (84.3–91.5) 9.7 (7.2–13.1) 1.9 (0.9–3.8)
Same sex only or both sexes 21.6 (14.9–30.4) 63.0 (53.8–71.4) 15.3 (9.8–23.2)
No sexual contact 83.7 (80.7–86.4) 13.1 (10.7–16.0) 3.1 (2.0–4.8)
Median Opposite sex only 88.4 9.0 2.7
Range Opposite sex only 84.8–92.7 6.2–11.8 1.1–6.5
Median Same sex only or both sexes 21.2 63.5 13.4
Range Same sex only or both sexes 9.5–31.4 55.5–77.9 7.2–18.5
Median No sexual contact 80.3 14.7 5.0
Range No sexual contact 71.6–84.6 11.0–21.7 2.8–7.5

*Among the 18 states and 20 large urban school districts that ascertained both sexual identity and sex of sexual contacts.
†95% confidence interval.

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Published: November 1, 2024
Updated: October 21, 2024

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Reviewed: October 31, 2024

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