Reduce reported rate of hepatitis B-related deaths among non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander persons by 25% or more
Status: Annual target was not met and has not changed or moved away from annual target
Met or exceeded current annual target
Moving toward annual target, but annual target was not fully met
Annual target was not met and has not changed or moved away from annual target
Source: CDC, National Vital Statistics System.1
* Rates are per 100,000 population and age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.
† Cause of death is defined as the underlying cause of death or one of the multiple causes of death and is based on the International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes B16, B17.0, B18.0, or B18.1.2
‡ Excludes those reporting Hispanic or Latino origin.
Summary of Findings
Compared to the overall population, non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI) persons had a much higher age-adjusted hepatitis B-related death rate in 2021 (0.44 vs. 2.54 deaths per 100,000, respectively). The death rate among non-Hispanic A/PI persons increased for the second year in a row and is above the 2021 target rate of 2.04. The overall increase in US deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and 2021 may have contributed to the higher hepatitis B-related death rates in these two years; therefore, 2020 and 2021 data should be interpreted with caution.
Reduction needed to meet 2025 goal:
A 28% reduction from the 2021 rate of hepatitis B-related deaths among non-Hispanic A/PI persons is needed to meet the 2025 goal of 1.84 deaths per 100,000 population.
This reduction can best be achieved by:
- Increasing implementation and expanding access to hepatitis B testing for all non-Hispanic A/PI persons.
- Increasing access to appropriate treatment and care for non-Hispanic A/PI persons with chronic hepatitis B.
- Developing and disseminating culturally affirming hepatitis B education materials that consider the needs of non-Hispanic A/PI persons.
- Developing tools and resources to educate providers and key partners that engage with non-Hispanic A/PI persons.
- Expanding access to specialty healthcare providers by using digital technology and telemedicine options tailored to the needs of non-Hispanic A/PI persons.
Technical Notes
Data Sources:
CDC, National Vital Statistics System (NVSS)
Numerator:
Number of death records among non-Hispanic A/PI persons with a report of hepatitis B listed as the underlying or one of the multiple causes of death
Denominator:
Total US Census population of non-Hispanic A/PI persons
Indicator Notes:
Death certificates are completed for all deaths registered in the United States.1 Information for death certificates is provided to funeral directors or cremation organizations by attending physicians, medical examiners, and coroners. Death certificates are filed in vital statistics offices within each state and the District of Columbia. Through the NVSS, information from death certificates is compiled by CDC to produce national Multiple Cause of Death data; causes of death are coded in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision.2 National Multiple Cause of Death data from NVSS were obtained and analyzed, and those death records with a report of hepatitis B (ICD-10: B16, B17.0, B18.0, or B18.1) listed as the underlying or one of the multiple (i.e. contributing) causes of death in the record were enumerated. Rates were calculated as the number of deaths related to hepatitis B among non-Hispanic A/PI persons who were US residents in the 50 states and the District of Columbia divided by the total US Census population of non-Hispanic A/PI persons in these jurisdictions using the postcensal estimates of the July 1 resident population. Rates were standardized to the age distribution of the 2000 US Standard Population.3
Goal Setting:
The 2025 goal of 1.84 hepatitis B-related deaths among A/PI persons per 100,000 population is consistent with CDC’s Division of Viral Hepatitis 2025 Strategic Plan and US Department of Health and Human Services’ 2021–2025 Viral Hepatitis National Strategic Plan. Annual targets assume a constant (linear) rate of change from the observed baseline (2017 data year) to the 2025 goal (2023 data year).
Limitations:
Death data must be interpreted with caution due to the potential for misclassification of ICD-10 codes on the death record, underrepresentation of certain racial/ethnic populations in US Census data, and underreporting of viral hepatitis as a cause of death on death certificates.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Multiple Cause of Death 1999-2021 on CDC WONDER Online Database. Data are compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Released 2022. Accessed January 13, 2023.
- World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral Hepatitis Surveillance — United States, 2021. Published August 2023. Accessed [date].