Publications and Resources

NIS-Child Vaccination Coverage Reports

Each year, CDC publishes child vaccination coverage reports from NIS-Child. These publications provide additional information and details about child vaccination coverage.

MMWRs

2023

• Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2018 and 2019 — National Immunization Survey–Child, United States, 2019–2021. MMWR. January 13, 2023; 72(2); 33-38
  • Childhood Vaccination Coverage Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children Born January 2017-May 2020, National Immunization Survey-Child (NIS-Child), 2018-2021

2021

• Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2017 and 2018 – National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2018-2020. MMWR. October 15, 2021; 70(41); 1435-1440
  • Supplemental figures and table for Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2017 and 2018 – National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2018-2020

2020

• Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2016 and 2017 — National Immunization Survey–Child, United States, 2017-2019. MMWR. October 23, 2020; 69(42); 1505–1511
  • Supplementary figures and table for Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2016 and 2017 – National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2017-2019

2019

• Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2015 and 2016 — National Immunization Survey–Child, United States, 2016–2018. MMWR. October 16, 2019; 68(41); 913-918
  • Supplementary figures and table for Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2015 and 2016 – National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2016-2018
  • Transition from a Dual-Frame (Cell-phone and Landline) to a Single-Frame (Cell-Phone) Sample Design: Impact on Vaccination Coverage Estimates, National Immunization Survey-Child, 2014-2018
• Racial disparities in breastfeeding initiation and duration among U.S. infants born in 2015. MMWR. August 30, 2019; 68(34); 745-748

2018

• Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19–35 Months — United States, 2017. MMWR. October 12, 2018;67(40);1123-1128
  • Evaluating Vaccination Coverage Trends with the National Immunization Survey (NIS)-Child, 2013-2017, United States

2017

• Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19–35 Months — United States, 2016. MMWR. November 3, 2017;66(43);1171–1177
  • Evaluating Vaccination Coverage Trends with the National Immunization Survey (NIS)-Child, 2012-2016, United States
• Racial and Geographic Differences in Breastfeeding — United States, 2011–2015. July 14, 2017; 66(27); 723–727

2016

• Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19–35 Months — United States, 2015. MMWR. October 6, 2016; Vol 65 / No. 39
• Progress Toward Eliminating Hepatitis A Disease in the United States. MMWR. February 12, 2016; Vol 65 / No. 1

2015

• National, State, and Selected Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19–35 Months — United States, 2014. MMWR. August 28, 2015; Vol 64 / No. 33

2014

• CDC National Health Report: leading causes of morbidity and mortality and associated behavioral risk and protective factors–United States, 2005-2013. MMWR. October 31, 2014; Vol 63 / SS 04
• National, State, and Selected Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19–35 Months — United States, 2013. MMWR. August 29, 2014; Vol 63 / No. 34
• Benefits from immunization during the vaccines for children program era – United States, 1994-2013. MMWR. April 25, 2014 Vol 63 / No. 16
• Reduction of racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination coverage, 1995-2011. MMWR. April 18, 2014; Vol 63 / SS 01

2013

• National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months — United States, 2012. MMWR. September 13, 2013 Vol 62/ No. 36
• Progress in increasing breastfeeding and reducing racial/ethnic differences — United States, 2000–2008 births. MMWR. February 8, 2013; Vol 62 / No. 5

2012

• National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19–35 Months — United States, 2011. MMWR. September 7, 2012; Vol 61 / No. 35

2011

• National and State Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months — United States, 2010. MMWR. September 2, 2011; Vol 60 / No. 34
• County-level trends in vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months – United States, 1995 – 2008. MMWR. April 29, 2011; Vol 60/ SS 04

2010

• National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months — United States, 2009. MMWR. September 17, 2010; Vol 59 / No. 36
• Changes in measurement of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) vaccination coverage – National Immunization Survey, United States, 2009. MMWR. August 27, 2010; Vol 59 / No. 33
• Rotavirus Vaccination Coverage Among Infants Aged 5 Months – Immunization Information System Sentinel Sites, United States, June 2006-June 2009. MMWR. May 7, 2010, Vol 59 / No. 17
• Racial and ethnic differences in breastfeeding initiation and duration, by state – National Immunization Survey, United States, 2004-2008. MMWR. March 26, 2010; Vol 59 / No. 11

2009

• National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19–35 Months — United States, 2008 MMWR August 28, 2009; Vol 58 / No 33
• Hepatitis A Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 24-35 Months United States, 2006 and 2007. MMWR. July 3, 2009; Vol 58 / No. 25

2008

• Newborn Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Among Children Born January 2003-June 2005 — United States. MMWR. August 1, 2008; Vol 57 / No. 30
• National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months — United States, 2007. MMWR. September 5, 2008; Vol 57 / No. 35
• Rotavirus Vaccination Coverage and Adherence to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)-Recommended Vaccination Schedule — United States, February 2006-May 2007. MMWR. April 18, 2008; Vol 57 / No. 15

2007

• National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months — United States, 2006. MMWR. August 31, 2007; Vol 56 / No. 34

2006

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months — United States, 2005. MMWR. September 15, 2006; Vol 55 / No. 36

2005

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months. MMWR. July 29, 2005; Vol 54 / No. 29
• Hepatitis A Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 24-35 Months. MMWR. February 18, 2005; Vol 54/ No. 6

2004

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months — United States, 2003. MMWR. July 30, 2004; Vol 53 / No. 29

2003

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months — United States, 2002. MMWR. August 8, 2003; Vol 52 / No. 31
• Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Alaska Native Children Aged 19-35 Months – National Immunization Survey, U.S., 2000-2001. MMWR. August 1, 2003 Vol 53 / No. 30

2002

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months – U.S., 2001. MMWR. August 2, 2002; Vol 51 / No. 30

2001

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months — United States, 2000. MMWR. August 03, 2001; Vol 50 / No. 30

Publications

2022

• Vaccination Coverage of Privately Insured Children: Comparing U.S. Survey and Administrative Data. Am J Prev Med. March, 2022.

2020

• Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine breakthrough infections: 2001-2016. Pediatrics. March, 2020; Vol 145 / No. 3

2019

• Breastfeeding Trends by Race/Ethnicity Among US Children Born From 2009 to 2015. JAMA Pediatr. October, 2019; Vol 173 / No. 12
• Estimation tools for reducing the impact of sampling and nonresponse errors in dual-frame RDD telephone surveys. Statistics in Medicine. June, 2019; Vol 38 / No. 23

2018

• Testing the effects of envelope features on survey response in a telephone survey advance letter mailing experiment. Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology. June, 2018; Vol 6 / No. 2
• Factors associated with missed opportunities for simultaneous administration of the fourth dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children in the United States. International Journal of Science and Research Methodology. March, 2018; Vol 9 / No. 1

2017

• Employment and socioeconomic factors associated with children’s up-to-date vaccination status. Clinical Pediatrics. April, 2017; Vol 56 / No. 4
• Vaccination coverage disparities between foreign-born and U.S.-born children aged 19-35 months, United States, 2010-2012. J Immigrant Minority Health. August, 2017; Vol 19
• Missed opportunities for simultaneous administration of the fourth dose of DTaP among children in the United. States. Vaccine. May, 2017; Vol 35 / No. 24

2016

• Evaluation of potentially achievable vaccination coverage with simultaneous administration of vaccines among children in the United States. Vaccine. June, 2016; Vol 34 / No. 27
• Factors associated with provider reporting of child and adolescent vaccination history to Immunization Information Systems: Results from the National Immunization Survey, 2006-2012. J Public Health Management Practice. May-June, 2016; Vol 22 / No. 3

2015

• Childhood vaccination coverage rates among military dependents in the United States. Pediatrics. May, 2015; Vol 135 / No. 5
• Children and adolescents unvaccinated against measles: geographic clustering, parents’ beliefs, and missed opportunities. Public Health Rep. September-October, 2015; Vol 130 / No. 5
• Optimum allocation for a dual-frame telephone survey. Survey Methodology. December, 2015; Vol 41 / No. 2

2014

• Assessing immunization interventions in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program. Am J Prev Med. November, 2014; Vol 47 / No. 5
• Calculating adjusted survival functions for complex sample survey data and application to vaccination coverage studies with National Immunization Survey. British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science. September, 2014; Vol 4 / No. 18
• Economic evaluation of the routine childhood immunization program in the United States, 2009. Pediatrics. April, 2014; Vol 133 / No. 4

2013

• Which newborns missed the hepatitis B birth dose vaccination among U.S. children? Preventive Medicine. November, 2013; Vol 57 / No. 5
• Trends in vaccination coverage disparities among children, United States, 2001-2010. Vaccine. May, 2013: Vol 31 / No. 19

2012

• Vaccination coverage among American Indian and Alaska Native Children, 2006 – 2010. Pediatrics. December, 2012; Vol 130 / No. 6
• The association of hepatitis B vaccine supply policy with timing of receipt of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccination. Open Journal of Statistics. October, 2012; Vol 2
• Adding Households with Cell Phone Service to the National Immunization Survey (NIS), 2011.  September, 2012
• Trends in the risk of U.S. polio outbreaks and poliovirus vaccine availability for response. Public Health Rep. January-February, 2012; Vol 127 / No. 1.
• Effects of a nationwide Hib vaccine shortage on vaccination coverage. Vaccine. January, 2012; Vol 30 / No. 5

2011

• Progress in newborn hepatitis B vaccination by birth year cohorts – 1998-2007, USA. Vaccine. December, 2011; Vol 30 / No. 1
• Parental delay or refusal of vaccine doses, childhood vaccination coverage at 24 months of age, and the health belief model. Public Health Rep. July-August, 2011; Vol 126 / Supplement 2
• Vaccination coverage among U.S. Children aged 19-35 months entitled by the Vaccines for Children Program, 2009. Public Health Rep. July-August, 2011; Vol 126 / Supplement 2
• Predictors of hepatitis A vaccination among young children in the United States. Vaccine. April, 2011; Vol 29 / No. 17
• Power of tests for comparing trend curves with application to National Immunization Survey (NIS). Stat Med. February, 2011; Vol 30 / No. 5
• Quantifying bias in a health survey: modeling total survey error in the National Immunization Survey. Stat Med. February, 2011; Vol 30 / No. 5

2010

• The association between intentional delay of vaccine administration and timely childhood vaccination coverage. Public Health Rep. July, 2010; Vol 125 / No. 4
• Progress toward eliminating disparities in vaccination coverage among U.S. children, 2000–2008. Am J Prev Med. February, 2010; Vol 38 / No. 2
• Qualitative analysis of immunization programs with most improved childhood vaccination coverage from 2001 to 2004. J Public Health Management Practice. January-February, 2010; Vol 16 / No. 1
• A qualitative analysis of immunization programs with sustained high coverage, 2000-2005. J Public Health Management Practice. January-February, 2010; Vol 16 / No. 1

Presentations

2017

• NIS Trend Figure 1994-2016 [1 page]

2013

• Modeling Total Survey Error in the 2011 National Immunization Survey (NIS): Pre-School Children and Teens. 2013 ASA Joint Statistical Meetings

Resources

• Archived NIS-Child Information
• Local areas data tables