2016 Hearing Screening Summary

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May 2018

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Data Source: 2016 CDC EHDI Hearing Screening & Follow-up Survey (HSFS)

Number of Respondents: 56α (49 states, 7 territories) AL, AK, American Samoa, AZ, AR, CA, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, CT, DE, District of Columbia, FL, GA, Guam, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, Marshall Islands, MD, MA, MI, Micronesia, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, Palau, PA, Puerto Rico, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY

2016 Documented EHDI Data Items
2016 Documented EHDI Data Items
Total Occurrent Births (according to state & territorial EHDI programs) 3,830,526
Documented Hearing Screening
Percent Screened 98.0% (n = 3,755,784)     (Range: 82.5% – 100.0%)
  • Percent Screened (excluding infant deaths & parental refusals)
 98.6%
  • Percent Screened before 1 Month of Age
 94.8% (n = 3,559,949)
Percent Not Passing final / most recent screening 1.7% (n = 65,156)
No Documented Hearing Screening
Percent w. No Documented Screening: 2.0% (n = 74,742)
  • Overall Percent Loss to Follow-up (LFU) / Loss to Documentation (LTD) for Screening∞
    • LFU/LTD = # Parents/Family Contacted but Unresponsive (1,489) + # Unable to Contact (1,051) + # Unknown (26,067)
0.7% (n = 28,607)     (Range: 0.0 – 17.1%)
Documented Diagnosis
Percent Diagnosed 62.7% (n = 40,835)     (Range: 1.1% – 89.2%)
  • Percent with No Hearing Loss (i.e., no diagnosed hearing loss)
      52.9% (n = 34,498)
  • Percent with Hearing Loss
      9.7% (n = 6,337)
  • Percent Diagnosed (normal hearing + hearing loss) before 3 Months of Age
     75.9% (n = 30,983)
Prevalence of Hearing Loss  1.7 per 1,000 screened
No Documented Diagnosis
Percent w. No Documented Diagnosis: 37.3% (n = 24,322)
  • In Process
     2.5% (n = 1,607)
  • Infant Died / Parents Declined
     3.2% (n = 2,069)
  • Non-Resident / Moved
     2.6% (n = 1,676)
  • Overall Percent Loss to Follow-up (LFU) / Loss to Documentation (LTD) for Diagnosis∞
    • LFU/LTD = # Parents/Family Contacted but Unresponsive (4,708) + # Unable to Contact (2,675) + # Unknown (9,139)
25.4% (n = 16,522)    (Range: 0.0 – 98.9%)
    • Percent LFU / LTD for Diagnosis: Due to Unable to Contact and Unknown
     18.1% (n = 11,814)
    • Percent Unresponsive for Diagnosis: Due to Parents/Family Contacted but Unresponsive
     7.2% (n = 4,708)
Other Cases of Hearing Loss
Number of Additional Cases (e.g., late-onset hearing loss & infants not screened at birth) n = 452
Number of Cases of Non-Permanent / Transient Hearing Loss n = 1,964
Documented Referral to Early Intervention (EI)
Percent Referred to Part C EI (of those with hearing loss) 87.9% (n = 5,569)
Percent Not Referred to Part C and Unknown (of those with hearing loss) 9.9% (n = 626)
Documented Enrollment in EI
Percent Enrolled in EI (Part C & Non-Part C)
  • Enrolled in EI =  # in Part C EI (4,121) + # in Non-Part C EI (139)
 67.2% (n = 4,260)     (Range 0.0% – 100%)
  • Percent Enrolled in EI before 6 Months of Age (Part C & Non-Part C)
 67.3% (n = 2,869)
No Documented Enrollment in EI
Percent w. No Documented EI Services 32.2% (n = 2,043)
  • Infant Died / Parents Declined
      8.9% (n = 567)
  • Non-Resident / Moved
      2.0% (n = 126)
  • Not Eligible for Part C Services
      0.9% (n = 59)
  • Overall Percent Loss to Follow-up (LFU) / Loss to Documentation (LTD) for EI∞
    • LFU/LTD = # Parents/Family Contacted but Unresponsive (134) + # Unable to Contact (280) + # Unknown (825)
19.6% (n = 1,239)     (Range 0.0 – 100.0%)
    • Percent LFU / LTD for EI: Due to Unable to Contact and Unknown
     17.4% (n = 1,105)
    • Percent Unresponsive for EI: Due to Parents/Family Contacted but Unresponsive
       2.1% (n = 134)
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Notes: αAll 56 states and territories responded to all parts of the survey ∞Respondents had the option to either use the revised definition or previous version for the field “Parents/Family Contacted but Unresponsive.” 39 jurisdictions used the revised definition for the 2016 HSFS.

Percent Screened for Hearing Loss by Different Denominators (US., 2008 - 2016)
Percent Screened for Hearing Loss by Different Denominators (US., 2008 -2016). Out of the 56 states and territories that responded, 98%26#37; of EHDI reported births have been screened and 98.6%26#37; have been screened excluding Refusals/Infant Deaths.
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Hearing Status of Infants Not Passing Hearing Screening (US 2016, Total Not Pass = 65,157)
Hearing status of infants not passing hearing screening 2016. 53%26#37; were subsequently shown to have no hearing loss. 37%26#37; had no documented diagnosis. 10%26#37; were diagnosed with hearing loss.
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Documented Intervention Status of Infants with Hearing Loss (US 2016, Total w. Hearing Loss = 6,337)
Documented intervention status of infants with hearing loss 2016. Two-thirds of infants were enrolled in Part C and Non-Part C early intervention services. One third had no documented early intervention services.
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Data Notes
  • HSFS data reflects information that states and territories have reportedly documented without estimation. As a result, data reported by CDC EHDI may differ from other sources.
  • Some respondents only provided partial data (e.g. hearing screening data only). As a result, the number of reporting states and territories and denominators varies for some of the data sections.
  • This data is subject to change if additional states and/or territories report data for year 2016.
  • In Process: Respondents were advised that to be reported in this category each infant must have been seen for diagnostic testing at least one time and have a follow-up appointment already scheduled.
  • LFU (Loss to Follow-up) / LTD (Loss to Documentation): Sub group of “No Documented Diagnosis / Undetermined.” Includes cases where infant’s families were contacted but unresponsive, unable to be contact, and unknown.

Explanation of 2016 Calculations*

*Based on data from 56 states & territories

Documented Hearing Screening

Percent Screened
3,755,784 (# screened) / 3,830,526 (occurrent births reported by EHDI programs) x 100 = 98.0%

  • Percent Screened (excluding infant deaths & parental refusals)
    3,755,784 (# screened) / 3,808,583 (occurrent births excluding infant deaths & parental refusals) x 100 = 98.6%
  • Percent Screened Before 1 Month of Age
    3,559,949 (# pass before 1 month + # not pass before 1 month) / 3,755,784 (# screened)
     x 100 = 94.8%

Percent Not Passing final / most recent hearing screening
65,156 (# not pass) / 3,755,784 (# screened) x 100 = 1.7%

No Documented Hearing Screening

Percent with No Documented Hearing Screening
74,742 (# w. no documented screening) / 3,830,526 (# occurrent births reported by EHDI programs) x 100 = 2.0%

  • Overall Percent LFU / LTD (i.e., Unable to Contact / Unresponsive / Unknown)
    28,607 (# unable to contact + # unresponsive + # unknown) / 3,830,526 (# occurrent births) x 100 = 0.7%

Documented Diagnosis

Percent Diagnosed
40,835 (# w. documented diagnosis) / 65,157 (# not pass) x 100 = 62.7%

  • Percent with No Hearing Loss (i.e., no diagnosed hearing loss)
    34,498 (# w. no hearing loss) / 65,157 (# not pass) x 100 = 52.9%
  • Percent Hearing Loss
    6,337 (# w. diagnosed permanent hearing loss) / 65,157 (# not pass) x 100 = 9.7%
  • Percent Diagnosed Before 3 Months of Age
    30,938 (# diagnosed with no hearing loss before 3 months + # with permanent hearing loss before 3 months) / 40,835 (# w. documented diagnosis) x 100 = 75.9%

Prevalence of Hearing Loss
6,337 (# w. diagnosed permanent hearing loss) / 3,755,784 (# screened) x 1,000 = 1.7 per 1,000 screened

No Documented Diagnosis

Percent with No Documented Diagnosis (of those not passing)
24,322 (# w. no documented diagnosis) / 65,157 (# not pass screening) x 100 = 37.3%

  • Percent In Process
    1,607 (# in process) / 65,157 (# not pass screening) x 100 = 2.5%
  • Percent Infant Died / Parents Declined Services
    2,069 (# infant died + # parents declined services) / 65,157 (# not pass screening) x 100 = 3.2%
  • Percent Non-Resident or Moved Out of Jurisdiction
    1,676 (# non-resident + # moved out of jurisdiction) / 65,157 (# not pass screening) x 100 = 2.6%
  • Overall Percent LFU / LTD (i.e., Unable to Contact / Unresponsive / Unknown)
    16,522 (# unable to contact + # unresponsive + # unknown) / 65,157 (# not pass screening) x 100 = 25.4%
  • Percent LFU/LTD for Diagnosis: Due to Unable to Contact and Unknown
    11,814 (# unable to contact + # unknown) / 65,157 (# not pass screening) x 100 = 18.1%
  • Percent Unresponsive for Diagnosis: Due to Parents/Family Contacted but Unresponsive
    4,708 (# parents/family contacted but unresponsive) / 65,157 (# not pass screening) x 100 = 7.2%

Documented Referral to EI

Percent Referred to Part C EI (of those with hearing loss)
5,569 (# referred to Part C EI) / 6,337 (# w. permanent hearing loss) x 100 = 87.9%

  • Percent Not Referred to Part C and Unknown (of those with hearing loss)
    626 (# not referred to Part C + # unknown) / 6,337 (# w. permanent hearing loss) x 100 = 9.9%

Documented Enrollment in EI

Percent Enrolled in EI (Part C & Non-Part C)
4,260 (# enrolled in Part C + # in non-Part C EI) / 6,337 (# w. permanent hearing loss) x 100 = 67.2%

  • Percent Enrolled in EI before 6 Months of Age (Part C & Non-Part C)
    2,869 (# enrolled in Part C EI before 6 months + # in Non-Part C EI before 6 Months) /
    4,260 (# enrolled in Part C + # in non-Part C EI) x 100 = 67.3%

No Documented Enrollment in EI

Percent with No Documented EI Services (of those with hearing loss)
2,043 (# not receiving any EI services) / 6,337 (# w. permanent hearing loss) x 100 = 32.2%

  • Percent Infant Died / Parents Declined (of those with hearing loss)
    567 (# infant died + # parents declined services) / 6,337 (# w. permanent hearing loss) x 100 = 8.9%
  • Percent Non-Resident / Moved (of those with hearing loss)
    126 (# non-resident + # moved out of jurisdiction) / 6,337 (# w. permanent hearing loss) x 100 = 2.0%
  • Percent Not Eligible for Part C Services (of those with hearing loss)
    59 (# not eligible for Part C services) / 6,337 (# w. permanent hearing loss) x 100 = 0.9%
  • Percent LFU / LTD for EI
    1,239 (# unable to contact + # unresponsive + # unknown) / 6,337 (# w. permanent hearing loss)
    x 100 = 19.6%
  • Percent LFU/LTD for EI: Due to Unable to Contact and Unknown
    1,105 (# unable to contact + # unknown) / 6,337 (# w. permanent hearing loss) x 100 = 17.4%
  • Percent Unresponsive for EI: Due to Parents/Family Contacted but Unresponsive
    134 (# parents/family contacted but unresponsive) / 6,337 (# w. permanent hearing loss) x 100 = 2.1%
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Page last reviewed: July 27, 2022
Content source: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention