Publications, Reports, and Fact Sheets

Deaths from fall-related TBIs are on the rise

A recent CDC report, Deaths from Fall-related Traumatic Brain Injury — United States, 2008–2017, found that in most states the rate of fall-related TBI deaths has increased significantly and the country as a whole saw a 17% increase in fall-related TBI deaths from 2008 to 2017. The most notable increases in fall-related TBI deaths were observed among persons 75 years of age and older and persons living in the most rural counties. This report highlights the importance of expanding efforts to stem the continued growth in the rate of fall-related TBIs among at-risk groups.

Reports to Congress

MMWR Articles

Peterson AB, Kegler SR. Deaths from Fall-Related Traumatic Brain Injury — United States, 2008–2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:225–230. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6909a2external icon.
Daugherty, J., Waltzman, D., Sarmiento, K., Xu, L. 2019. Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Deaths by Race/Ethnicity, Sex, Intent, and Mechanism of Injury – United States, 2000-2017. MMWR 68(46): 1050-1056.
Sarmiento K, Thomas KE, Daugherty J, et al. Emergency Department Visits for Sports- and Recreation-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Children ― United States, 2010-2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019; 68(10); 237-242.
DePadilla L, Miller GF, Jones SE, Peterson AB, Breiding MJ. Self-Reported Concussions from Playing a Sport or Being Physically Active Among High School Students — United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018;67:682–685. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6724a3external icon
Taylor CA, Bell JM, Breiding MJ, Xu L. Traumatic Brain Injury–Related Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths — United States, 2007 and 2013. MMWR Surveill Summ 2017;66(No. SS-9):1–16. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6609a1external icon
Kucera KL, Yau RK, Register-Mihalik J, et al. Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Fatalities Among High School and College Football Players — United States, 2005–2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;65:1465–1469. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6552a2external icon
Gilchrist J, Thomas KE, Xu L, McGuire LC, Coronado VG. Nonfatal Traumatic Brain Injuries Related to Sports and Recreation Activities Among Persons Aged ≤19 Years — United States, 2001–2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011;60(39);1337-1342.
Coronado VG, Xu, L, Basavaraju SV, et al. Surveillance for Traumatic Brain Injury–Related Deaths — United States, 1997–2007. MMWR Surveillance Summaries 2011;60(SS05);1-32.

Journal Articles

2020

Miller GF, Kegler SR, Stone DM. Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Deaths From Firearm Suicide: United States, 2008-2017.external icon American Journal of Public Health. 2020 Apr 16:e1-e3. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305622. [Epub ahead of print]
Sarmiento K, Daugherty J, DePadilla L, Breiding MJ. Examination of sports and recreation-related concussion among youth ages 12–17: results from the 2018 YouthStyles survey.external icon Brain Injury. 2020;34(3): 357-362. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1723165.
Waltzman D, Hoffman R, Donnell Z, Bell E, Sarmiento K. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s HEADS UP Branding and Evaluation Process.external icon Health Education Journal. 2020 Mar;79(2):180-194. doi: 10.1177/0017896919873931.
Daugherty J, DePadilla L, Sarmiento K. Self-Reported Lifetime Concussion among Adults: Comparison of Three Different Survey Question.external icon Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2020;35(2): E136-E143. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000534.
DePadilla L, Miller GF, and Everett Jones S. An Examination of Four Questions Assessing Self-Reported Concussion among High School Students Participating in Team Sports.external icon Journal of Public Health Management & Practice. 2020. 26(2): E23-E27.

2019

Sarmiento K, Donnell Z, Bell E, Tennant B, Hoffman R. A qualitative study of barriers and opportunities for concussion communication and management among parents of youth sports athletes.external icon Journal of Concussion. 2019 Jan 1;3. doi: 10.1177/2059700219861863.
McAvoy, K, Haarbauer-Krupa, J, Lundine, JP, Ferris, A, Hansen, J, Hiltz,C, Jantz, PB, Valovich McLeod, TC, Thomas, DG. (2019). What School Personnel Need to Know about the CDC Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Mild TBI in Childrenexternal icon. Journal of School Health, 89: 941-944. DOI: 10.1111/josh.12834.
Lowry, R, Haarbauer-Krupa, JK, Breiding, MJ, Thigpen, S, Rasberry, CN, Lee, SM, (2019). Concussion and Academic Impairment among US High School Students.external icon American Journal of Preventive Medicine; 57(6):733−740.
Sarmiento, K., Daugherty, J. DePadilla, L. 2019. Youth and High School Sports Coaches’ Experience with and Attitudes about Concussion and Access to Athletic Trainers by Sport Type and Age of Athlete Coachedexternal icon. Journal of Safety Research 69: 217-225.
Daugherty, J., DePadilla, L., Sarmiento, K. 2019. Effectiveness of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HEADS UP coaches’ online training as an educational interventionexternal icon. Health Education 78(7): 784-797.
Daugherty, J., Miles, I., Sarmiento, K., Sansone, C., Kroshus, E. Bethea, B. 2019. A description and preliminary usability testing evaluation of the concussion education application HEADS UP Rocket Bladesexternal icon. Health Promotion Practice 20(1): 22-30.
Peterson A, Sarmiento K, Xu L, Haileyesus T. Traumatic brain injury-related hospitalizations and deaths among American Indians and Alaska natives — United States, 2008–2014.external icon Journal of Safety Research. Available online 11/13/19. In press, corrected proof.
Curry, A.E., Arbogast, K.B., Metzger, K.B., Kessler, R.S., Breiding, M.J., Haarbauer-Krupa, J., DePadilla, L., Greenspan, A. and Master, C.L. (2019). Risk of Repeat Concussion Among Patients Diagnosed at a Pediatric Care Networkexternal icon. The Journal of Pediatrics, 210, 13-19.
Suskauer, S.J., Yeates, K.O., Sarmiento, K., Benzel, E., Breiding, M.J., Broomand, C., Haarbauer-Krupa, J., Turner, M., Weissman, B., Lumba-Brown, A. (2019). Strengthening the evidence base: Recommendations for future research identified through the development of CDC’s Pediatric Mild TBI Guidelineexternal icon. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 34, 214-223.
Sarmiento, K., Lumba-Brown, A., Breiding, M.J., Gordon, W., Paulk, D., Vitale, K., & Sleet, D.A. (2019). Improving the Care of Young Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: CDC’s Evidence-Based Pediatric Mild TBI Guideline. In: Rippe, J.M. (Ed.). Lifestyle Medicine, Third Edition (pp.1319-1326). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
Sarmiento, Kelly; Donnell, Zoe; Bell, Elizabeth; and Hoffman, Rosanne (2019) “Barriers and Opportunities for Concussion Communication and Management in Youth Sports: A qualitative studyexternal icon,” Journal of Athlete Development and Experience: Vol. 1 : Iss. 3 , Article 4.
Available at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/jade/vol1/iss3/4external icon
Weissman B, Joseph M, Gronseth G, Sarmiento K, Giza CC. CDC’s guideline on pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Recommendations for neurologists.external icon Neurology Clinical Practice. 2019 Jun;9(3):241-249. doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000624. Review.
Sarmiento K, Gioia GA, Kirkwood MW, Wade SL, Yeates KO. A commentary for neuropsychologists on CDC’s guideline on the diagnosis and management of mild traumatic brain injury among children.external icon Clinical Neuropsychology. 2019 Sep 18:1-19. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1660806. [Epub ahead of print]
Sarmiento K, Donnell Z, Bell E, Hoffman R. From the CDC: A qualitative study of middle and high school professionals’ experiences and views on concussion: Identifying opportunities to support the return to school process.external icon Journal of Safety Research. 2019 Feb;68:223-229. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2018.10.010. Epub 2018 Nov 3.
Timmons SD, Waltzman D, Duhaime AC, Spinks TJ, Sarmiento K. Considerations for neurosurgeons: recommendations from the CDC Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Guideline.external icon Journal of Neurosurgery. 2019 Jun 7;131(3):979-983. doi: 10.3171/2019.3.JNS183339.
Waltzman D, Sarmiento K. What the research says about concussion risk factors and prevention strategies for youth sports: A scoping review of six commonly played sports.external icon Journal of Safety Research. 2019 Feb;68:157-172. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2018.11.005. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Haarbauer-Krupa J, Haileyesus T, Gilchrist J, Mack KA, Law CS, Joseph A. (2019). Fall-related Traumatic Brain Injury in Children Ages 0-4 yearsexternal icon, Journal of Safety Research,70: 127 33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2019.06.003external icon.
Curry AE, Arbogast KB, Metzger KB, Kessler RS, Breiding MJ, Haarbauer-Krupa J, DePadilla L, Greenspan A , Master CL, (2019) Risk of repeat concussions among patients diagnosed with a concussion within a large pediatric care networkexternal icon, Journal of Pediatrics, 2:1-7.
Dams-O’Connor K, Ketchum JM, Cuthbert JP, Corrigan J, Hammond FM, Haarbauer-Krupa J, Kowalski RG, Miller AC. (2019). Functional Outcome Trajectories following Inpatient Rehabilitation for TBI in the United States: A NIDILRR TBIMS and CDC Interagency Collaborationexternal icon. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000484.

2018

Daugherty J, Sarmiento K. 2018. “Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: what do parents of youth athletes know about it?external icon” Brain Injury 32(13-14): 1773-1779. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2018.1530801external icon
Suskauer, SJ, Yeates, KO, Sarmiento, K, Benzel, E, Breiding, MJ, Broomand, C, Haarbauer-Krupa, J, Turner, M, Weissman, B, Lumba-Brown. A. (2018). Strengthening the Evidence Base: Recommendations for Future Research Identified through the Development of CDC’s Pediatric Mild TBI Guidelineexternal icon. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2019. Jan 2. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000455.
Corrigan, JD, Harrison-Felix, C, Haarbauer-Krupa, J. (2018). Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury In J.M. Silver, T.W. McAllister, D.B. Arciniegas (Eds.), Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury, 3^rd Edition (pp. 3-25).
Haarbauer-Krupa J, Lee AH, Bitsko RH, Zhang X, Kresnow-Sedacca MJ. Prevalence of Parent-Reported Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Associated Health Conditionsexternal icon. JAMA Pediatrics. Published online September 24, 2018. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2740
Kerr ZY, Register-Mihalik JK, Haarbauer-Krupa J, Kroshus E, Go V, Gildner P, Byrd KH, Marshall SW. Using opinion leaders to address intervention gaps in concussion prevention in youth sports: key concepts and foundational theoryexternal icon. Injury Epidemiology. December 2018, 5:28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-018-0158-7external icon
Haarbauer-Krupa J, Comstock RD, Lionbarger MR, Hirsch S, Kavee A, Lowe B Healthcare professional involvement and RTP compliance in high school athletes with concussionexternal icon. Brain Injury. June 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2018.1482426external icon
Nishijima DK, Gaona SD, Waechter T, Maloney R, Blitz , Elms AR, Farrales RD, Montoya J, Bair , Howard C, Gilbert M, Trajano RP, Hatchel KM, Faul M, Bell JM, Coronado VC, Vinson DR, Ballard DW, Tancredi DJ, Garzon H, Mackey KE, Shahlaie K, Holmes JF. The Incidence of Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Head-Injured Older Adults Transported by EMS with and without Anticoagulant or Antiplatelet Useexternal icon. Journal of Neurotrauma. Mar 2018. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2017.5232external icon
Sarmiento K, Donnell Z, Hoffman R, Tennant B. Healthcare providers’ attitudes and behaviours related to pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: results from the 2014 DocStyles surveyexternal icon. Brain Inj. 2018 Apr 23:1-5. DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1466197
Chenoweth JA, Gaona SD, Faul M, Holmes JF, Nishijima DK. Incidence of Delayed Intracranial Hemorrhage in Older Patients After Blunt Head Traumaexternal icon. JAMA Surg. Published online February 14, 2018. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2017.6159
Donnell Z, Hoffman R, Sarmiento K, Hays C. Concussion attitudes, behaviors, and education among youth ages 12-17: Results from the 2014 YouthStyles surveyexternal icon. J Safety Res.external icon 2018 Feb; 64:163-169. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2017.12.001.
Daugherty J, Miles I, Sarmiento K, Sansone C, Kroshus E and Bethea B. A Description and Evaluation of the Concussion Education Application HEADS UP Rocket Bladesexternal icon. Health Promotion Practice. 2018; 19: 1-9.
Waltzman D and Daugherty J. Concussion knowledge and experience among a sample of American adultsexternal icon. Journal of Concussion. 2018; 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839918764670external icon.
Fuentes MM, Wang J, Haarbauer-Krupa J, Yeates KO, Durbin D, Zonfrillo MR, Jaffe KM, Temkin N, Tulsky D, Bertisch H, Rivara FP. (2018) Unmet Rehabilitation Needs After Hospitalization for Traumatic Brain Injuryexternal icon. Pediatrics. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-2859
Haarbauer-Krupa J, Arbogast KB, Metzger KB, Greenspan AI, Kessler R, Curry AE, Bell JM, DePadilla L, Pfeiffer MR, Zonfrillo MR, Master CL. (2018) Variations in Mechanisms of Injury for Children with Concussionexternal icon. The Journal of Pediatrics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.075external icon

2017

Bell JM, Breiding MJ, DePadilla L. CDC’s Efforts to Improve Traumatic Brain Injury Surveillanceexternal icon. Journal of Safety Research. 2017; 62: 253-256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2017.04.002external icon.
Sarmiento K, Donnell Z, Hoffman R.A Scoping Review to Address the Culture of Concussion in Youth and High School Sportsexternal icon. J Sch Health. 2017 Oct;87(10):790-804. doi: 10.1111/josh.12552.
Zogg CK, Haring RS, Xu L, Canner JK, AlSulaim H, Hashmi ZG, Salim A, Engineer LD, Haider AH, Bell JM, Schneider EB. The Epidemiology of Pediatric Head Injury Treated Outside of Hospital Emergency Departmentsexternal icon. Epidemiology 2017. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000791
Haarbauer-Krupa J, Ciccia A, Dodd D, Ettel D, Kurowski B, Lumba-Brown A & Suskauer S. (2016) Service Delivery in the Healthcare and Educational Systems for Children following Traumatic Brain Injury: Gaps in Careexternal icon, Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, published online ahead of publication: doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000287
Arbogast KB, Curry AE, Metzger KB, Kessler RS, Bell JM, Haarbauer-Krupa J, Zonfrillo MR, Breiding MJ, Master CL. Improving Primary Care Provider Practices in Youth Concussion Managementexternal icon. Clinical Pediatrics. 2017. DOI: 10.1177/0009922817709555.
Viano DC, Parenteau CS, Xu L, Faul M. Head injuries (TBI) to adults and children in motor vehicle crashesexternal icon. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2017. DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1285023.
Nishijima DK, Gaona SD, Waechter T, Maloney R, Bair T, Blitz A, Elms A, Farrales RD, Howard C, Montoya J, Bell JM, Faul M, Vinson DR, Garzon H, Holmes JF, Ballard DW. Out-of-Hospital Triage of Older Adults With Head Injury: A Retrospective Study of the Effect of Adding “Anticoagulation or Antiplatelet Medication Use” as a Criterionexternal icon. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2017 Feb 24. DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.12.018.
Haarbauer-Krupa J, Taylor CA, Yue JK, Winkler EA, Pirracchio R, Cooper SR, Burke JF, Stein MB, Manley GT. Screening for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in a Civilian Emergency Department Population with Traumatic Brain Injuryexternal icon. J Neurotrauma. 2017 Jan 1;34(1):50-58. DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4158.

2016

Sarmiento K, Hoffman R, Donnell Z, Bloodgood, B. A case study of lessons learned and the evolution of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s HEADS UP concussion in sports campaignexternal icon. Case Studies in Strategic Communication, 2016; 5:15.
Haarbauer-Krupa J. Unintentional injury after traumatic brain injury: issues, assessment, and reducing riskexternal icon. NeuroRehabilitation: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2016 August; 39(3):1-2. DOI: 10.3233/NRE-161365
Baldwin GT, Breiding MJ, Sleet D. Commentary – Using the Public Health Model to Address Unintentional Injuries and TBI: A perspective from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)external icon. NeuroRehabilitation: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2016 August; 39(3):1-4. DOI: 10.3233/NRE-161366
Haarbauer-Krupa J, Taylor CA, Yue JK, Winkler EA, Pirracchio R, Cooper SR, Burke JF, Stein MB, Manley GT, and the TRACK-TBI Investigators. Screening for post-traumatic stress disorder in a civilian emergency department population with traumatic brain injuryexternal icon. Journal of Neurotrauma. June 2016, ahead of print. doi:10.1089/neu.2015.4158.
Arbogast KB, Curry AE, Pfeiffer MR, Zonfrillo MR, Haarbauer-Krupa J, Breiding MJ, Coronado VG, Master CL. Point of healthcare entry for youth concussion within a large pediatric care networkexternal icon. JAMA Pediatrics 2016 May; 170(4): epub ahead of print.
Cheng TA, Bell JM, Haileyesus T, Gilchrist J, Sugerman DE, Coronado VG. Nonfatal playground-related traumatic brain injuries among children, 2001-2013external icon. Pediatrics published online: May 2, 2016 (doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-2721.R3).
Faul M, Xu L, Sasser S. Hospitalized Traumatic Brain Injury: Low Trauma Center Utilization and High Interfacility Transfers among Older Adultsexternal icon. Prehospital Emergency Care, DOI:10.3109/10903127.2016.1149651.

2015

Parker EM, Gilchrist J, Schuster D, Lee R, Sarmiento K. Reach and knowledge change among coaches and other participants of the online course: “concussion in sports: what you need to know”external icon. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2015 May-Jun; 30(3):198-206. DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000097external icon
The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitationexternal icon special May/June 2015 issue features research from CDC and traumatic brain injury (TBI) partners. The issue highlights the need for strategies to prevent TBI and reduce their substantial physical, psychological, economic, and social impacts.
- Taylor CA, Greenspan AI, Xu L, Kresnow M. Comparability of national estimates for traumatic brain injury-related medical encountersexternal icon. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2015; 30 (3): 150–159.
- Cuthbert JP, Harrison-Felix C, Corrigan JD, Bell JM, Haarbauer-Krupa JK, Miller AC. Unemployment in the United States after traumatic brain injury for working-age individuals: prevalence and associated factors 2 years postinjuryexternal icon. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2015; 30 (3): 160–174.
- Coronado VG, Haileyesus T, Cheng TA, Bell JM, Haarbauer-Krupa J, Lionbarger MR, Flores-Herrera J, McGuire LC, Gilchrist J. Trends in sports- and recreation-related traumatic brain injuries treated in US emergency departments: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) 2001-2012external icon. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2015; 30 (3): 185–197.
Harrison-Felix C, Pretz C, Hammond FM, Cuthbert JP, Bell, J, Corrigan J, Miller AC, Haarbauer-Krupa J. Life expectancy after inpatient rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury in the United Statesexternal icon. J Neurotrauma 2015;32(23):1893-1901.

Fact Sheets

Reports

Page last reviewed: May 1, 2020

Content source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control