Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2018

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Table 24. Characteristics of Tuberculosis Cases in GENType Clusters1, by Alert Levels Based on Log-Likelihood Ratios (LLR)2: United States, 2016–2018

See Surveillance Slide #41

Table 24. Characteristics of Tuberculosis Cases in GENType Clusters, by Alert Levels Based on Log-Likelihood Ratios (LLR): United States, 2016-2018
Case Characteristics Unique Clustered Alert Levels for Clustered Cases3
Non-alerted (LLR <5) Medium (LLR 5 – <10) High (LLR ≥10)
No. (%) No. (%) No. (%) No. (%) No. (%)
Total 16,779 80.7 4,001 19.3 2,355 58.9 903 22.6 743 18.6
Origin of Birth
U.S-born 4,044 67.2 1,970 32.8 780 39.6 575 29.2 615 31.2
Non-U.S.–born 12,717 86.3 2,025 13.7 1,572 77.6 326 16.1 127 6.3
Unknown or Missing 18 75.0 6 25.0 3 50.0 2 33.3 1 16.7
Race and Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino 4,564 78.0 1,286 22.0 847 65.9 293 22.8 146 11.4
American Indian/Alaska Native 129 50.6 126 49.4 14 11.1 39 31.0 73 57.9
Asian 6,659 87.7 938 12.3 807 86.0 89 9.5 42 4.5
Black or African American 3,053 73.5 1,101 26.5 434 39.4 317 28.8 350 31.8
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 135 62.8 80 37.2 40 50.0 18 22.5 22 27.5
White 2,064 82.6 434 17.4 196 45.2 135 31.1 103 23.7
Multiple Race 118 85.5 20 14.5 7 35.0 6 30.0 7 35.0
Unknown or Missing 57 78.1 16 21.9 10 62.5 6 37.5 0 0.0
Age Group (Years)
0–4 81 42.9 108 57.1 54 50.0 29 26.9 25 23.1
5–14 118 57.8 86 42.2 42 48.8 21 24.4 23 26.7
15–24 1,554 77.0 464 23.0 276 59.5 108 23.3 80 17.2
25–44 5,110 80.0 1,280 20.0 724 56.6 298 23.3 258 20.2
45–64 4,908 78.1 1,380 21.9 773 56.0 327 23.7 280 20.3
≥65 5,003 88.0 683 12.0 486 71.2 120 17.6 77 11.3
Unknown 5 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Disease Site
Pulmonary Only 11,907 79.0 3,156 21.0 1,811 57.4 743 23.5 602 19.1
Extrapulmonary 2,845 87.4 410 12.6 269 65.6 80 19.5 61 14.9
Both 2,001 82.5 423 17.5 265 62.6 80 18.9 78 18.4
Unknown 26 68.4 12 31.6 10 83.3 0 0.0 2 16.7
Sputum Smear
Positive 7,559 77.8 2,157 22.2 1,237 57.3 531 24.6 389 18.0
Negative 7,091 83.3 1,419 16.7 881 62.1 269 19.0 269 19.0
Not Done 2,108 83.3 423 16.7 236 55.8 102 24.1 85 20.1
Unknown or Missing 21 91.3 2 8.7 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.0
Cavitary Disease4
Yes 170 75.9 54 24.1 30 55.6 10 18.5 14 25.9
No 1,379 82.2 298 17.8 186 62.4 59 19.8 53 17.8
Unknown or Missing 4 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Homeless Within Past Year
Yes 596 60.1 395 39.9 168 42.5 100 25.3 127 32.2
No 16,036 81.8 3,564 18.2 2,162 60.7 794 22.3 608 17.1
Unknown or Missing 147 77.8 42 22.2 25 59.5 9 21.4 8 19.0
Excess Alcohol Use Within the Past Year
Yes 1,385 67.5 667 32.5 275 41.2 196 29.4 196 29.4
No 15,084 82.3 3,244 17.7 2,020 62.3 688 21.2 536 16.5
Unknown or Missing 310 77.5 90 22.5 60 66.7 19 21.1 11 12.2
Injecting Illicit Drug Use Within Past Year
Yes 164 64.8 89 35.2 29 32.6 33 37.1 27 30.3
No 16,334 81.1 3,807 18.9 2,264 59.5 842 22.1 701 18.4
Unknown or Missing 281 72.8 105 27.2 62 59.0 28 26.7 15 14.3
Non-Injecting Illicit Drug Use Within Past Year
Yes 893 60.3 589 39.7 241 40.9 150 25.5 198 33.6
No 15,610 82.4 3,323 17.6 2,059 62.0 730 22.0 534 16.1
Unknown or Missing 276 75.6 89 24.4 55 61.8 23 25.8 11 12.4
Resident of a Correctional Facility at the Time of Diagnosis
Yes 461 71.5 184 28.5 84 45.7 46 25.0 54 29.3
No 16,242 81.1 3,786 18.9 2,249 59.4 850 22.5 687 18.1
Unknown or Missing 76 71.0 31 29.0 22 71.0 7 22.6 2 6.5
HIV Status
Positive 776 76.8 234 23.2 115 49.1 60 25.6 59 25.2
Negative 14,066 80.5 3,405 19.5 1,988 58.4 781 22.9 636 18.7
Refused 369 84.6 67 15.4 49 73.1 14 20.9 4 6.0
Not Offered 1,024 82.9 211 17.1 141 66.8 31 14.7 39 18.5
Unknown, Missing or Indeterminate 544 86.6 84 13.4 62 73.8 17 20.2 5 6.0
Multidrug-Resistant TB
Yes 256 81.3 59 18.7 39 66.1 2 3.4 18 30.5
No 15,649 81.0 3,682 19.0 2,176 59.1 843 22.9 663 18.0
Unknown or Missing 874 77.1 260 22.9 140 53.8 58 22.3 62 23.8

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1GENType clusters have ≥2 cases with matching spoligotype and 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit–variable number tandem repeat type (MIRU-VNTR) within a county or county-equivalent area during the specified 3-year period.
2Alert levels are based on an LLR, which calculates the geographical concentration of a genotype in a county or county equivalent, compared with the rest of the country during a 3-year period.
3A total of 4,001 cases occurred in 1,349 clusters: 743 cases were in 86 (6.4%) high-alert clusters; 903 cases were in 306 (22.7%) medium-alert clusters; and 2,355 cases were in 957 (70.9%) nonalert clusters.
4Cavitary disease was only assessed for persons with pulmonary TB and an abnormal chest radiograph.

Notes: Case counts for race categories (American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, black/African American, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and white) are mutually exclusive and do not include persons of Hispanic ethnicity or of multiple races. Multiple race does not include persons of Hispanic ethnicity.

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