Publications, Data, & Statistics
CDC Health Advisory: Increase in extensively drug-resistant Shigella infections (shigellosis) in the United States.
COVID-19: U.S. Impact on Antimicrobial Resistance, Special Report 2022
MMWR Articles
- Bowen A, Eikmeier D, Talley P, Siston A, Smith S, Hurd J, Smith K, Leano F, Bicknese A, Norton C, Campbell D. Notes from the Field: Outbreaks of Shigella sonnei infection with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin among men who have sex with men — Chicago and Metropolitan Minneapolis-St. Paul, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015; 64(21):597-8.
- Bowen A, Hurd J, Hoover C, Khachadourian Y, Traphagen E, Harvey E, Libby T, Ehlers S, Ongpin M, Norton C, Bicknese A, Kimura A. Importation and Domestic Transmission of Shigella sonnei resistant to ciprofloxacin — United States, May 2014–February 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015; 64(12):318-20.
- CDC. Notes from the field: Outbreak of infections caused by Shigella sonnei with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin–Los Angeles, California, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62(9):812-813.
- CDC. Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Shigella sonnei gastroenteritis associated with day care centers—Kansas, Kentucky, and Missouri, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55(39):1068-71.
- CDC. Shigella sonnei outbreak among men who have sex with men–San Francisco, California, 2000-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001;50(42):922-6.
- Crim SM, Griffin PM, Tauxe R, Marder EP, Gillis D, Cronquist AB, Cartter M, Tobin-D’Angelo M, Blythe D, Smith K, Lathrop S, Zansky S, Cieslak PR, Dunn J, Holt KG, Wolpert B, Henao OL. Preliminary incidence and trends of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food – Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. sites, 2006-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(18):495-9.
- Hines JZ, Pinsent T, Rees K, Vines J, Bowen A, Hurd J, Leman RF, Hedberg K. Shigellosis outbreak among homeless persons — Oregon, 2015–2016. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2016; 65(31): 812-3.
- Huang JY, Henao OL, Griffin PM, Vugia DJ, Cronquist AB, Hurd S, Tobin-D’Angelo M, Ryan P, Smith K, Lathrop S, Zansky S, Cieslak PR, Dunn J, Holt KG, Wolpert BJ, Patrick ME. Infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food and the effect of increasing use of culture-independent diagnostic tests on surveillance–Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2012-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(14):368-71.
- Iwamoto M, Huang JY, Cronquist AB, Medus C, Hurd S, Zansky S, Dunn J, Woron AM, Oosmanally N, Griffin PM, Besser J, Henao OL. Bacterial enteric infections detected by culture-independent diagnostic tests–FoodNet, United States, 2012-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(9):252-7.
- Painter JE, Walker AT, Pytell J, Nua MT, Soliai-Lemusu S, Mintz ED, Ali I, Parsons M, Martin H, Beach M, Bowen A, Cope J. Notes from the field: outbreak of diarrheal illness caused by Shigella flexneri – American Samoa, May-June 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(1):30.
- CDC. Outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with an interactive water fountain at a beachside park – Florida, 1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2000:49(25);565-8.
- CDC. Outbreaks of Shigella sonnei infection associated with eating fresh parsley – United States and Canada, July – August 1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999:48(14);285-9
- Shigella flexneri Serotype 3 Infections among men who have sex with men — Chicago, Illinois, 2003—2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005:54(33): 820–22.
- Wikswo ME, Kambhampati A, Shioda K, Walsh KA, Bowen A, Hall AJ. Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis transmitted by person-to-person contact, environmental contamination, and unknown modes of transmission–United States, 2009-2013. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2015;64(12):1-16.
- CDC. CDC Safe Water System
- CDC. Laboratory Methods for the Diagnosis of Epidemic Dysentery and Cholera
- CDC. Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet)
- CDC. PulseNet
- CDC. National Surveillance of Bacterial Foodborne Illness (Enteric Diseases)
- CDC. National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS)
- CDC. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS)
- Adams DA, Thomas KR, Jajosky RA, Foster L, Baroi G, Sharp P, Onweh DH, Schley AW, Anderson WJ; Nationally Notifiable Infectious Conditions Group. Summary of Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions – United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;64(53):1-143.
- Ailes E, Scallan E, Berkelman RL, Kleinbaum DG, Tauxe RV, Moe CL. Do differences in risk factors, medical care seeking, or medical practices explain the geographic variation in campylobacteriosis in Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites? Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54 (5):464-71.
- American Academy of Pediatrics, American Public Health Association, National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care and Early Education. Environmental Health in Early Care and Education. 2014.
- American Academy of Pediatrics. Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 2012. 645-647.
- Appannanavar SB, Goyal K, Garg R, Ray P, Rathi M, Taneja N. Shigellemia in a post renal transplant patient: a case report and literature review. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014;8(2):237-9.
- Aragon TJ, Vugia DJ, Shallow S, Samuel MC, Reingold A, Angulo FJ, Bradford WZ. Case-control study of shigellosis in San Francisco: the role of sexual transmission and HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(3):327-34.
- Arias C, Sala MR, Dominguez A, Bartolome R, Benavente A, Veciana P, Pedrol A, Hoyo G. Waterborne epidemic outbreak of Shigella sonnei gastroenteritis in Santa Maria de Palautordera, Catalonia, Spain. Epidemiol Infect. 2006;134(3):598-604.
- Arvelo W, Hinkle CJ, Nguyen TA, Weiser T, Steinmuller N, Khan F, Gladbach S, Parsons M, Jennings D, Zhu BP, Mintz E, Bowen A. Transmission risk factors and treatment of pediatric shigellosis during a large daycare center-associated outbreak of multidrug resistant Shigella sonnei: implications for the management of shigellosis outbreaks among children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28(11):976-80.
- Atkinson R, Maguire H, Gerner-Smidt P. A challenge and an opportunity to improve patient management and public health surveillance for food-borne infections through culture-independent diagnostics. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51(8):2479-82.
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- Bhattacharya D, Bhattacharya H, Sayi DS, Bharadwaj AP, Singhania M, Sugunan AP, Roy S. Changing patterns and widening of antibiotic resistance in Shigella over a decade (2000-2011), Andaman Islands, India. Epidemiol Infect. 2015;143(3):470-7.
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- Borg ML, Modi A, Tostmann A, Gobin M, Cartwright J, Quigley C, Crook P, Boxall N, Paul J, Cheasty T, Gill N, Hughes G, Simms I, Oliver I. Ongoing outbreak of Shigella flexneri serotype 3a in men who have sex with men in England and Wales, data from 2009-2011. Euro Surveill. 2012;17(13):1-5.
- Bowen A, Eikmeier D, Talley P, Siston A, Smith S, Hurd J, Smith K, Leano F, Bicknese A, Norton C, Campbell D. Notes from the Field: Outbreaks of Shigella sonnei infection with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin among men who have sex with men — Chicago and Metropolitan Minneapolis-St. Paul, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(21):597-8.
- Bowen A GJ, Bicknese A, Campbell D, Hurd J, Kirkcaldy R. Elevated risk of multidrug-resistant Shigella infections among men who have sex with men—United States, 2011– 2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016; 22(9): 1613-16.
- Bowen A, Hurd J, Hoover C, Khachadourian Y, Traphagen E, Harvey E, Libby T, Ehlers S, Ongpin M, Norton JC, Bicknese A, Kimura A. Importation and domestic transmission of Shigella sonnei resistant to ciprofloxacin – United States, May 2014-February 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(12):318-20.
- Butler T. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome during shigellosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012;106(7):395-9.
- CDC. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2019.
- CDC. COVID-19: U.S. Impact on Antimicrobial Resistance, Special Report 2022. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2022.
- CDC Health Alert Network. Ciprofloxacin- and Azithromycin-nonsusceptible shigellosis in the United States. 2015.
- CDC. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System: Enteric bacteria 2012.[PDF – 88 pages] 2013.
- CDC. Notes from the field: outbreak of infections caused by Shigella sonnei with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin–Los Angeles, California, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62(9):171.
- CDC. Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Shigella sonnei gastroenteritis associated with day care centers—Kansas, Kentucky, and Missouri, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55(39):1068-71.
- CDC. Shigella sonnei outbreak among men who have sex with men–San Francisco, California, 2000-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001;50(42):922-6.
- Chen M, Delpech V, O’Sullivan B, Donovan B. Reactive arthritis associated with Shigella sonnei Int J STD AIDS. 2002;13(2):135-6.
- Chiou CS, Izumiya H, Kawamura M, Liao YS, Su YS, Wu HH, Chen WC, Lo YC. The worldwide spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei among HIV-infected men who have sex with men, Taiwan. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(4):383 e11-6.
- Chung The H, Rabaa MA, Pham Thanh D, De LAppe N, Cormican M, Valcanis M, Howden BP, Wangchuk S, Bodhidatta L, Mason CJ, Nguyen T, Vu Thuy D, Thompson CN, Phu Huong Lan N, Voong Vinh P, Ha Thanh T, Turner P, Sar P, Rhwaites G, Thomson NR, Holt KE, Baker S. South Asia as a reservoir for the global spread of Ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei: a cross-sectional study. PLoS Medicine. 2016;13(8):1-12.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. M100-S26: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 2016.
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- Crim SM, Griffin PM, Tauxe R, Marder EP, Gillis D, Cronquist AB, Cartter M, Tobin-D’Angelo M, Blythe D, Smith K, Lathrop S, Zansky S, Cieslak PR, Dunn J, Holt KG, Wolpert B, Henao OL. Preliminary incidence and trends of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food – Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. sites, 2006-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(18):495-9.
- Crim SM, Iwamoto M, Huang JY, Griffin PM, Gilliss D, Cronquist AB, Cartter M, Tobin-D’Angelo M, Blythe D, Smith K, Lathrop S, Zansky S, Cieslak PR, Dunn J, Holt KG, Lance S, Tauxe R, Henao OL. Incidence and trends of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food–Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. sites, 2006-2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63(15):328-32.
- Cronquist AB, Mody RK, Atkinson R, Besser J, Tobin- D’Angelo M, Hurd S, Robinson T, Nicholson C, Mahon BE. Impacts of culture-independent diagnostic practices on public health surveillance for bacterial enteric pathogens. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(5):432-9.
- Das JK, Tripathi A, Ali A, Hassan A, Dojosoeandy C, Bhutta Z. Vaccines for the prevention of diarrhea due to cholera, Shigella, ETEC and rotavirus. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(3):1-11.
- De Lappe N, O’Connor J, Garvey P, McKeown P, Cormican M. Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei Associated with Travel to India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(5):894-6.
- De Schrijver K, Bertrand S, Gutierrez Garitano I, Van den Branden D, Van Schaeren J. Outbreak of Shigella sonnei infections in the Orthodox Jewish community of Antwerp, Belgium, April to August 2008. Euro Surveill. 2011;16(14).
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- Garrett V, Bornschlegel K, Lange D, Reddy V, Kornstein L, Kornblum J, Agasan A, Hoekstra M, Layton M, Sobel J. A recurring outbreak of Shigella sonnei among traditionally observant Jewish children in New York City: the risks of daycare and household transmission. Epidemiol Infect. 2006;134(6):1231-6.
- Gaudreau C, Barkati S, Leduc JM, Pilon PA, Favreau J, Bekal S. Shigella with reduced azithromycin susceptibility, Quebec, Canada, 2012-2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):854-6.
- Gaudreau C, Ratnayake R, Pilon PA, Gagnon S, Roger M, Levesque S. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei among men who have sex with men, Canada, 2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(9):1747-50.
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- Hines JZ, Pinsent T, Rees K, Vines J, Bowen A, Hurd J, Leman RF, Hedberg K. Shigellosis outbreak among homeless persons — Oregon, 2015–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016; 65(31): 812-3.
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- Iwamoto M, Huang JY, Cronquist AB, Medus C, Hurd S, Zansky S, Dunn J, Woron AM, Oosmanally N, Griffin PM, Besser J, Henao OL. Bacterial enteric infections detected by culture-independent diagnostic tests–FoodNet, United States, 2012-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(9):252-7.
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