Alaska Invasive Bacterial Disease Surveillance Report Group A Streptococcus – 2013

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Background

AIP has conducted statewide surveillance of invasive group A Streptococcus (GAS) since 2000. Beginning in January, 2007, invasive GAS became a reportable condition to the State of Alaska Division of Public Health (DPH).  Reports of cases of disease caused by this organism are shared between AIP and DPH.

Population

The population of the State of Alaska in 2013 was 736,399; 142,989 (19%) were Alaska Native people.  Source:  AK Dept. of Labor & Workforce Development population estimates.

Case Definition

An isolate of GAS from a normally sterile site that has been taken from a resident of Alaska. Cases are also included when GAS has been isolated from a wound culture and accompanied by necrotizing fasciitis or streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.

Methods

Participating laboratories send isolates recovered from sterile sites to the AIP laboratory in Anchorage; materials and forms for isolate shipment and data collection are provided to each laboratory by AIP. Demographic and clinical information on the cases are collected from a review of medical records. Annually, AIP asks that each laboratory review their records and provide information on any cases that may have been overlooked.

Invasive Group A Streptococcus Cases
by Race – Alaska, 2013
Race Cases n (%) Age Adjusted Rate* % Male Deaths n (%)
Alaska Native 23 (44) 16.1 52% 2 (9)
Non-Native† 29 (56)† 4.9 69% 5 (21)
Total 52 62% 7 (14)

*Cases per 100,000 per percent distribution of Alaska 2010 population
†Includes 4 cases for which race was unknown

Invasive Group A Streptococcus, Cases & Rates by Age Group & Race – Alaska, 2013
Alaska Native Non-Native
Age (years) No. Cases Rate* No. Cases Rate*
<2 5 85.4 0 0
2-4 2 21.4 0 0
5-18 0 0 1 0.9
19-54 15 22.5 18 5.9
55-64 1 7.6 4 4.8
65+ 0 0 6 10.3
Total 23 16.1 29 4.9

*Cases per 100,000 population

Invasive Group A Streptococcus, Clinical Presentations – Alaska, 2013
No. %*
Bacteremia 17 33
Cellulitis 10 19
Pneumonia with bacteremia 9 17
Necrotizing fasciitis 6 12
Septic arthritis 3 6
Other 7 14

*Percent of cases

Invasive Group A Streptococcus emm types – Alaska, 2013
emm type No. %*
101 13 25
89 8 15
1 3 6
3 3 6
28 3 6
49 3 6
11 2 4
12 2 4
82 2 4
92 2 4
108 2 4
238 2 4
27 1 2
44 1 2
52 1 2
85 1 2
87 1 2
Unknown 2 4

*Percent of cases

Page last reviewed: June 11, 2018
Content source: National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of Infectious Disease Readiness Innovation (DIDRI)