Where an individual lives, works, plays, and learns can influence how much heat they get exposed to. Heat islands, where temperatures are hotter than surrounding areas, can often be found in city neighborhoods that have fewer trees and greenspace that provide cooling, and more pavement and dark surfaces that retain heat. Heat islands are common in low-wealth urban communities.
Rural communities also face health risks from heat and have been found to have higher rates of heat-related health care utilization than urban areas. In rural communities, more people may work outdoors, and cooling access may be more limited as compared to urban areas.
People who spend time outdoors on hot days, particularly those with a high level of physical exertion, are at increased risk from heat-related health outcomes. This includes farm and agricultural workers, construction workers, landscapers, military personnel, and people participating in outdoor exercise, recreation, and sports. Wearing personal protective equipment while working or playing may make people hotter.