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Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance — United States, 2017

Supplementary Tables 94-132: Alcohol and Other Drug Use


TABLE 94. Percentage of high school students who ever drank alcohol,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 62.6 (58.4–66.6) 58.1 (56.2–60.0) 60.4 (57.9–62.8)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 62.8 (55.8–69.3) 60.5 (57.6–63.3) 61.7 (57.6–65.6)
Black§ 57.3 (52.1–62.4) 44.8 (39.8–49.9) 51.3 (47.7–54.9)
Hispanic 67.1 (62.3–71.7) 62.3 (58.0–66.3) 64.7 (61.1–68.1)
Grade
9 49.6 (45.2–54.1) 45.7 (42.7–48.7) 47.7 (45.2–50.3)
10 59.9 (55.2–64.5) 56.0 (52.8–59.1) 58.0 (54.8–61.0)
11 68.9 (63.3–74.0) 63.7 (59.7–67.5) 66.4 (63.1–69.5)
12 74.0 (68.6–78.8) 69.4 (65.8–72.7) 71.7 (68.3–75.0)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 63.8 (61.7–65.9) 58.5 (56.5–60.5) 60.9 (59.2–62.6)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 74.3 (69.7–78.4) 66.3 (56.5–74.8) 72.2 (67.2–76.8)
Not sure 50.6 (41.7–59.4) 47.3 (36.9–58.0) 50.0 (41.6–58.3)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 85.3 (82.9–87.3) 78.4 (76.4–80.3) 81.5 (79.9–83.1)
Same sex only or both sexes 89.3 (85.5–92.3) 79.6 (71.5–85.9) 86.8 (82.8–90.0)
No sexual contact 44.4 (41.4–47.5) 38.6 (36.6–40.5) 41.6 (39.9–43.4)

* At least one drink of alcohol, on at least 1 day during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 95. Percentage of high school students who ever drank alcohol,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 62.5 (57.2–67.5) 50.7 (45.3–56.0) 56.5 (53.5–59.5) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arkansas 59.0 (49.9–67.5) 56.8 (51.1–62.3) 58.1 (51.7–64.1) 55.4 (47.9–62.6) 74.4 (60.3–84.7) 62.0 (46.3–75.4) 75.5 (67.6–82.0) 71.7 (34.4–92.5) 37.1 (33.7–40.6)
California 62.5 (57.4–67.4) 58.1 (52.2–63.8) 60.4 (55.9–64.8) 60.2 (55.2–65.0) 71.3 (62.5–78.8) 39.4 (26.3–54.3) 80.6 (74.5–85.5) 82.4 (71.4–89.8) 44.6 (41.3–48.0)
Colorado 59.5 (54.2–64.5) 52.9 (46.5–59.1) 56.4 (51.4–61.4) 56.1 (50.0–62.0) 69.3 (60.7–76.8) 53.1 (36.4–69.1) — — — — — —
Connecticut — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Delaware 65.3 (61.4–68.9) 54.1 (50.3–57.7) 59.5 (56.5–62.4) 58.7 (55.1–62.1) 72.6 (66.1–78.2) 52.9 (40.8–64.8) 77.1 (73.5–80.4) 83.9 (76.2–89.4) 36.2 (32.7–39.9)
Florida 59.7 (57.5–61.8) 53.4 (51.2–55.6) 56.5 (54.8–58.2) 55.3 (53.3–57.2) 71.5 (67.6–75.2) 51.7 (45.1–58.3) 76.7 (74.5–78.7) 82.0 (77.4–85.8) 36.9 (34.9–39.0)
Hawaii — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Idaho 58.9 (53.6–64.0) 51.5 (45.9–57.0) 55.1 (50.8–59.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 65.0 (60.3–69.3) 49.7 (45.3–54.2) 57.4 (52.9–61.7) 55.5 (50.3–60.5) 76.0 (68.0–82.6) 52.2 (43.7–60.6) 73.6 (69.5–77.3) 90.8 (85.3–94.3) 39.9 (34.3–45.8)
Iowa 64.4 (58.6–69.9) 57.3 (50.5–63.8) 61.0 (57.4–64.4) 59.3 (54.9–63.5) 79.6 (69.3–87.0) 59.2 (40.2–75.8) 76.4 (70.2–81.6) 90.7 (82.1–95.4) 40.8 (34.3–47.5)
Kansas 65.5 (62.0–68.9) 60.7 (55.6–65.6) 63.1 (59.5–66.6) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 63.0 (59.0–66.8) 54.2 (49.1–59.1) 58.7 (54.8–62.5) 57.1 (52.7–61.4) 75.7 (67.1–82.7) 44.9 (28.9–62.0) 76.6 (70.7–81.6) 82.5 (76.3–87.3) 40.3 (36.0–44.7)
Louisiana 67.1 (58.7–74.6) 61.4 (55.8–66.8) 64.5 (59.0–69.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine 56.5 (54.5–58.4) 49.5 (47.9–51.2) 53.0 (51.5–54.5) 51.7 (50.0–53.4) 66.3 (62.8–69.5) 44.1 (37.8–50.5) 71.9 (69.1–74.5) 81.2 (77.2–84.6) 30.0 (28.1–32.0)
Maryland 57.7 (56.6–58.9) 49.1 (47.9–50.2) 53.5 (52.6–54.5) 51.3 (50.3–52.3) 71.4 (69.7–73.1) 48.0 (45.1–50.8) — — — — — —
Massachusetts 60.8 (56.4–65.0) 51.7 (47.3–56.0) 56.2 (52.4–59.9) 55.4 (51.5–59.1) 70.3 (63.3–76.4) 50.0 (39.4–60.5) 76.8 (72.6–80.5) 80.8 (74.4–85.9) 35.7 (31.9–39.7)
Michigan 67.3 (60.6–73.3) 55.6 (48.2–62.7) 61.6 (55.0–67.8) 59.2 (52.5–65.5) 82.5 (72.0–89.6) 63.3 (52.3–73.1) 80.3 (72.3–86.4) 87.8 (78.8–93.3) 40.1 (33.6–47.0)
Missouri — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 70.8 (68.0–73.4) 65.1 (62.3–67.8) 68.0 (65.6–70.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 57.7 (52.4–62.9) 50.0 (45.2–54.8) 54.0 (50.6–57.4) 53.7 (50.0–57.4) 70.0 (58.8–79.2) 37.8 (24.4–53.3) 76.6 (72.6–80.2) 89.5 (82.0–94.1) 36.8 (32.2–41.8)
Nevada 66.4 (62.0–70.6) 54.2 (49.5–58.8) 60.2 (56.4–63.9) 58.0 (53.6–62.3) 72.4 (66.4–77.8) 59.7 (46.6–71.5) 80.0 (76.3–83.3) 82.8 (72.9–89.7) 42.7 (37.2–48.3)
New Hampshire — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New Mexico — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New York — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Carolina — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Dakota 62.2 (58.4–65.8) 56.3 (52.1–60.4) 59.2 (56.0–62.4) 59.2 (55.8–62.6) 66.5 (58.8–73.3) 43.5 (30.3–57.6) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 68.7 (64.4–72.8) 63.4 (57.2–69.2) 65.9 (62.0–69.6) 65.6 (61.4–69.7) 79.3 (68.3–87.1) 63.2 (49.5–75.0) 87.1 (83.9–89.7) 84.8 (72.8–92.0) 40.2 (35.0–45.5)
Pennsylvania 62.7 (59.6–65.7) 57.0 (52.9–61.1) 59.8 (57.1–62.5) 59.5 (57.0–62.1) 68.6 (60.3–75.9) 50.1 (39.1–61.1) 78.8 (75.7–81.5) 85.1 (75.4–91.5) 40.3 (37.1–43.6)
Rhode Island 55.2 (51.0–59.4) 45.4 (39.7–51.3) 50.4 (48.0–52.9) 49.3 (46.2–52.4) 63.5 (53.0–72.9) 44.2 (28.1–61.7) 68.2 (61.9–73.9) 84.7 (71.2–92.6) 30.9 (26.2–36.0)
South Carolina 60.3 (54.1–66.2) 56.4 (50.6–62.0) 58.5 (53.3–63.4) 54.6 (49.0–60.2) 79.7 (69.2–87.3) 62.4 (41.7–79.4) 71.4 (66.9–75.6) 90.0 (78.9–95.6) 39.7 (34.4–45.2)
Tennessee 62.1 (56.7–67.2) 52.9 (47.4–58.3) 57.6 (53.4–61.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 64.8 (59.9–69.3) 56.7 (51.5–61.8) 60.8 (56.6–64.8) 58.8 (54.4–63.0) 77.2 (71.1–82.3) 57.3 (45.9–67.9) 77.6 (71.1–83.0) 90.9 (83.5–95.2) 42.5 (37.7–47.5)
Utah 32.1 (26.9–37.8) 28.7 (23.2–34.9) 30.4 (25.8–35.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Virginia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 66.5 (60.1–72.4) 62.1 (57.3–66.8) 64.4 (60.2–68.3) 62.9 (58.2–67.3) 80.0 (71.2–86.6) 59.1 (41.1–75.0) 84.9 (81.0–88.1) 89.6 (80.1–94.8) 37.3 (31.8–43.0)
Wisconsin 67.2 (62.4–71.6) 61.9 (57.7–66.0) 64.5 (60.9–67.9) 64.4 (60.7–67.9) 70.9 (61.7–78.6) 54.4 (43.7–64.7) 80.7 (76.3–84.5) 82.0 (73.2–88.4) 48.5 (43.3–53.7)
Median 62.5 54.2 58.7 57.6 72.0 52.6 76.8 84.7 39.9
Range 32.1–70.8 28.7–65.1 30.4–68.0 49.3–65.6 63.5–82.5 37.8–63.3 68.2–87.1 71.7–90.9 30.0–48.5
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 60.0 (52.3–67.2) 50.7 (45.0–56.3) 56.1 (50.9–61.1) 51.5 (45.6–57.4) 73.5 (63.1–81.9) 57.2 (40.2–72.6) 61.3 (52.0–69.8) 84.0 (72.5–91.3) 42.6 (34.1–51.6)
Boston, MA 62.5 (57.9–66.8) 52.1 (46.8–57.4) 57.2 (53.3–61.0) 55.6 (51.5–59.6) 77.1 (68.1–84.2) 53.2 (41.7–64.3) 71.9 (68.0–75.5) 84.0 (75.2–90.0) 39.9 (35.1–44.9)
Broward County, FL 68.1 (61.4–74.1) 56.9 (49.5–64.0) 62.6 (57.1–67.7) 62.5 (56.6–68.0) 67.8 (51.9–80.4) 49.1 (30.2–68.2) 75.8 (70.3–80.6) 87.8 (67.0–96.2) 46.2 (40.1–52.3)
Chicago, IL 63.0 (56.6–69.0) 50.8 (45.4–56.1) 57.3 (52.4–62.1) 54.4 (49.1–59.7) 73.7 (62.6–82.4) 53.1 (38.5–67.2) 68.8 (62.4–74.5) 84.4 (78.1–89.1) 43.9 (37.2–50.8)
Cleveland, OH 65.3 (60.5–69.8) 45.9 (41.8–50.1) 55.4 (51.9–58.9) 51.3 (47.6–55.1) 79.9 (71.1–86.5) 58.3 (42.9–72.3) 63.8 (58.9–68.4) 87.6 (81.5–91.9) 34.9 (30.4–39.8)
DeKalb County, GA 48.3 (43.9–52.7) 40.5 (37.0–44.1) 44.4 (41.3–47.6) 40.8 (37.4–44.2) 68.1 (59.3–75.8) 52.5 (38.9–65.8) 56.4 (51.9–60.9) 81.5 (74.4–86.9) 28.1 (24.3–32.2)
Detroit, MI 60.2 (54.7–65.5) 49.0 (44.2–53.8) 55.0 (51.3–58.7) 52.7 (48.9–56.4) 62.2 (51.2–72.0) 57.1 (39.6–73.0) 67.8 (61.4–73.6) 66.8 (53.9–77.6) 40.2 (36.5–44.0)
District of Columbia 53.6 (51.9–55.3) 44.8 (42.9–46.6) 49.6 (48.4–50.9) 45.9 (44.5–47.3) 68.2 (65.1–71.2) 57.3 (51.3–63.1) 59.2 (57.1–61.2) 76.4 (72.9–79.5) 32.4 (30.6–34.3)
Duval County, FL — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Ft. Worth, TX 60.5 (57.3–63.6) 52.9 (49.8–56.0) 56.9 (54.5–59.3) 55.4 (52.8–58.0) 74.4 (68.5–79.4) 54.2 (43.7–64.4) 73.6 (70.5–76.5) 92.1 (86.9–95.3) 41.5 (38.4–44.6)
Houston, TX 60.4 (57.7–63.0) 48.0 (45.1–51.0) 54.2 (51.9–56.4) 51.6 (49.1–54.0) 71.1 (65.8–75.8) 54.5 (45.9–62.8) 68.9 (65.4–72.2) 82.3 (75.8–87.3) 40.0 (37.0–43.1)
Los Angeles, CA 58.3 (50.9–65.4) 50.9 (44.8–57.0) 54.4 (48.5–60.2) 53.7 (47.4–59.9) 68.4 (60.5–75.3) 49.4 (38.2–60.6) 71.8 (65.1–77.6) 81.4 (65.0–91.2) 37.9 (32.1–44.1)
Miami-Dade County, FL 66.3 (62.4–70.0) 63.0 (58.3–67.5) 64.8 (61.7–67.9) 63.2 (59.8–66.4) 77.6 (70.0–83.7) 78.9 (66.6–87.5) 77.7 (74.7–80.5) 86.1 (80.2–90.5) 49.6 (45.1–54.0)
New York City, NY — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oakland, CA 56.5 (52.5–60.4) 49.1 (45.0–53.3) 52.9 (49.7–56.0) 50.3 (46.9–53.7) 77.0 (68.9–83.4) 54.7 (41.5–67.2) 71.4 (67.8–74.7) 81.8 (72.5–88.4) 37.8 (34.0–41.8)
Orange County, FL 57.4 (52.0–62.6) 51.4 (46.4–56.5) 54.8 (50.4–59.1) 53.4 (48.7–58.0) 68.5 (58.3–77.1) 53.2 (38.9–67.0) 76.1 (71.8–79.9) 73.4 (61.2–82.8) 36.7 (31.8–41.8)
Palm Beach County, FL 65.0 (61.5–68.4) 56.7 (53.0–60.4) 60.9 (58.1–63.7) 58.9 (55.8–62.0) 74.0 (67.3–79.7) 64.5 (54.2–73.6) 78.0 (74.6–81.1) 86.5 (80.5–90.9) 42.4 (38.9–46.0)
Philadelphia, PA 58.2 (52.0–64.3) 47.2 (41.0–53.6) 53.0 (48.5–57.4) 50.4 (45.7–55.0) 72.2 (63.0–79.8) 60.2 (42.1–75.9) 66.9 (60.9–72.4) 87.2 (75.7–93.7) 35.6 (31.2–40.2)
San Diego, CA 60.7 (56.3–64.9) 53.2 (48.2–58.1) 56.9 (52.8–60.9) 56.8 (52.2–61.2) 67.8 (59.9–74.8) 42.3 (33.9–51.0) 78.7 (74.2–82.6) 79.4 (71.4–85.6) 37.0 (32.8–41.5)
San Francisco, CA 39.4 (35.5–43.4) 37.0 (33.4–40.8) 38.2 (35.2–41.3) 36.2 (33.1–39.3) 68.3 (61.1–74.7) 28.3 (20.3–37.9) 59.9 (54.7–64.9) 75.9 (66.5–83.3) 25.8 (22.9–29.0)
Shelby County, TN 60.8 (56.5–65.0) 49.2 (44.9–53.4) 55.5 (52.8–58.2) 52.4 (49.2–55.7) 68.4 (60.4–75.5) 73.1 (59.2–83.6) 65.2 (60.2–69.9) 78.6 (67.5–86.6) 41.0 (36.6–45.5)
Median 60.4 50.7 55.4 52.7 71.1 54.5 68.9 82.3 39.9
Range 39.4–68.1 37.0–63.0 38.2–64.8 36.2–63.2 62.2–79.9 28.3–78.9 56.4–78.7 66.8–92.1 25.8–49.6

* At least one drink of alcohol, on at least 1 day during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 96. Percentage of high school students who had their first drink of alcohol before age 13 years,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 12.8 (11.1–14.6) 18.2 (16.4–20.1) 15.5 (13.9–17.2)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 10.9 (9.0–13.3) 17.1 (14.9–19.6) 14.0 (12.2–16.0)
Black§ 14.9 (11.6–18.8) 14.9 (11.9–18.5) 14.9 (12.1–18.2)
Hispanic 15.9 (13.5–18.7) 22.5 (18.5–27.0) 19.3 (16.4–22.5)
Grade
9 16.0 (13.4–18.9) 20.3 (17.1–24.0) 18.2 (15.8–20.9)
10 12.8 (10.7–15.4) 18.1 (15.2–21.4) 15.4 (13.4–17.6)
11 12.3 (9.9–15.2) 17.4 (14.4–21.0) 14.9 (12.5–17.7)
12 9.3 (7.5–11.4) 16.2 (13.3–19.4) 12.7 (10.8–14.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 11.5 (10.2–13.0) 17.7 (15.9–19.7) 14.9 (13.5–16.4)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 20.2 (16.8–24.1) 24.1 (16.2–34.3) 21.6 (18.0–25.8)
Not sure 17.5 (12.1–24.5) 21.9 (14.9–31.0) 20.0 (14.9–26.4)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 15.9 (13.7–18.2) 25.0 (22.1–28.1) 20.8 (18.7–23.1)
Same sex only or both sexes 26.9 (22.4–31.9) 32.3 (21.7–45.1) 28.2 (23.9–33.0)
No sexual contact 7.9 (6.6–9.4) 10.4 (9.0–11.9) 9.1 (8.0–10.3)

* Other than a few sips.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 97. Percentage of high school students who had their first drink of alcohol before age 13 years,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 12.0 (9.5–15.0) 13.7 (11.4–16.4) 12.9 (11.3–14.7) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona 15.0 (10.8–20.5) 20.8 (17.3–25.0) 18.0 (14.5–22.2) 16.6 (13.8–19.8) 27.5 (19.0–38.1) 15.6 (5.9–35.4) — — — — — —
Arkansas 19.1 (15.9–22.8) 26.2 (23.3–29.3) 22.5 (20.5–24.6) 19.9 (17.2–22.9) 39.5 (30.8–49.0) 23.3 (10.1–45.2) 30.2 (26.8–33.9) 33.0 (20.2–48.9) 9.8 (6.9–13.9)
California 15.6 (12.4–19.5) 20.1 (17.4–23.1) 18.1 (15.6–21.0) 17.4 (15.1–20.1) 26.3 (18.1–36.6) 10.8 (5.4–20.2) 22.3 (17.4–28.1) 33.8 (24.0–45.1) 11.9 (9.4–14.9)
Colorado 12.5 (8.9–17.4) 13.9 (11.1–17.4) 13.3 (10.8–16.2) 13.1 (10.3–16.5) 16.8 (11.1–24.7) 10.4 (3.0–30.2) — — — — — —
Connecticut 9.0 (7.5–10.8) 14.1 (11.2–17.5) 11.6 (9.7–13.9) 9.8 (8.1–11.8) 18.4 (12.7–25.7) 15.3 (7.1–29.9) 13.5 (11.3–16.0) 23.5 (15.8–33.4) 5.9 (4.1–8.2)
Delaware 14.6 (12.2–17.5) 17.8 (15.6–20.2) 16.1 (14.8–17.6) 16.0 (14.7–17.5) 16.1 (11.6–21.9) 15.6 (8.1–27.8) 20.9 (18.3–23.6) 23.1 (15.3–33.2) 8.5 (6.9–10.6)
Florida 15.1 (13.6–16.8) 18.4 (16.7–20.2) 16.8 (15.4–18.2) 15.7 (14.4–17.2) 22.4 (18.4–27.0) 20.9 (15.7–27.3) 21.6 (19.6–23.9) 32.2 (26.9–38.0) 9.8 (8.5–11.4)
Hawaii 14.5 (12.6–16.5) 18.9 (16.3–21.8) 16.8 (15.2–18.5) 14.6 (13.1–16.3) 28.6 (22.9–35.0) 22.1 (15.8–30.0) 21.6 (19.0–24.5) 38.7 (30.5–47.7) 9.3 (7.9–11.1)
Idaho 13.8 (11.3–16.6) 17.1 (14.4–20.2) 15.5 (13.6–17.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 15.7 (13.7–17.9) 17.6 (14.9–20.6) 16.8 (15.2–18.5) 14.4 (12.5–16.5) 28.9 (22.2–36.5) 21.1 (13.4–31.5) 19.4 (16.2–23.1) 40.0 (28.6–52.5) 9.3 (8.1–10.7)
Iowa 12.0 (8.2–17.1) 17.2 (14.6–20.2) 14.7 (12.3–17.4) 13.2 (10.3–16.9) 29.6 (21.6–39.0) 11.9 (3.5–34.0) 16.8 (14.3–19.6) 32.8 (25.9–40.5) 9.5 (5.7–15.6)
Kansas 17.7 (14.4–21.6) 16.5 (13.4–20.2) 17.1 (14.4–20.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 15.3 (12.2–19.0) 18.5 (16.0–21.3) 17.1 (14.7–19.7) 15.9 (13.6–18.4) 23.9 (17.6–31.7) 21.4 (10.9–37.7) 22.9 (19.3–26.9) 26.5 (19.0–35.5) 9.3 (6.6–13.1)
Louisiana 19.3 (15.2–24.3) 23.8 (18.9–29.5) 21.7 (18.8–24.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine 10.7 (9.7–11.8) 12.2 (11.4–13.0) 11.6 (10.8–12.3) 10.3 (9.5–11.2) 17.9 (15.9–20.0) 19.0 (14.1–25.1) 14.0 (12.8–15.3) 24.8 (21.2–28.8) 5.8 (5.0–6.8)
Maryland 14.4 (13.7–15.0) 16.5 (15.9–17.3) 15.7 (15.1–16.3) 13.2 (12.7–13.7) 27.7 (26.0–29.5) 20.0 (17.9–22.2) — — — — — —
Massachusetts — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Michigan 16.0 (13.2–19.3) 16.2 (12.6–20.5) 16.2 (13.6–19.2) 14.8 (12.4–17.6) 28.3 (18.5–40.7) 20.4 (12.5–31.7) 20.1 (16.7–24.0) 28.6 (20.2–38.7) 9.9 (7.6–12.6)
Missouri 16.9 (13.9–20.3) 19.9 (17.2–22.9) 18.4 (16.2–20.8) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 17.3 (15.5–19.4) 20.7 (18.4–23.2) 19.1 (17.4–20.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 11.0 (8.3–14.5) 15.2 (12.3–18.6) 13.3 (11.1–15.8) 11.9 (10.0–14.1) 28.3 (17.8–41.9) 15.8 (7.7–29.8) 18.8 (15.4–22.8) 31.5 (18.9–47.5) 7.3 (5.6–9.6)
Nevada 16.5 (13.5–20.1) 17.4 (13.8–21.7) 17.2 (15.2–19.3) 15.7 (13.1–18.8) 25.1 (19.2–32.1) 22.3 (11.8–38.1) 21.6 (16.9–27.1) 32.1 (22.5–43.6) 11.0 (8.7–13.8)
New Hampshire 8.4 (7.6–9.4) 12.5 (11.4–13.6) 10.7 (10.0–11.4) 9.4 (8.7–10.2) 18.3 (15.6–21.3) 16.0 (13.0–19.7) 13.2 (12.2–14.3) 27.1 (23.1–31.4) 5.5 (4.7–6.3)
New Mexico 18.8 (16.1–21.9) 22.4 (19.6–25.6) 20.7 (18.2–23.5) 18.8 (16.4–21.5) 30.0 (24.2–36.6) 28.0 (20.7–36.8) 26.0 (22.8–29.5) 35.4 (28.8–42.7) 13.2 (11.2–15.4)
New York 15.2 (13.6–16.8) 14.3 (12.0–17.0) 15.0 (13.3–17.0) 12.9 (11.2–14.9) 26.9 (22.7–31.5) 18.9 (15.2–23.3) 18.0 (15.3–21.0) 35.4 (28.9–42.4) 8.8 (7.0–11.0)
North Carolina 12.9 (10.5–15.7) 17.9 (14.6–21.7) 15.6 (13.1–18.4) 13.9 (11.3–17.0) 25.8 (18.4–34.8) 21.9 (14.8–31.3) 19.3 (16.5–22.6) 31.5 (22.4–42.3) 7.5 (5.4–10.4)
North Dakota 12.4 (10.2–15.0) 16.6 (13.7–19.9) 14.5 (12.6–16.8) 13.4 (11.5–15.6) 26.3 (19.6–34.3) 11.9 (5.7–23.1) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 14.3 (11.8–17.2) 20.1 (16.0–24.9) 17.4 (15.2–19.7) 16.5 (14.0–19.4) 24.0 (14.6–37.0) 24.0 (11.5–43.5) 21.7 (18.1–25.9) 33.7 (21.7–48.2) 9.4 (6.8–12.9)
Pennsylvania 11.3 (9.4–13.6) 13.3 (11.2–15.6) 12.4 (10.9–14.1) 11.5 (9.9–13.3) 16.4 (11.5–22.9) 22.6 (14.4–33.7) 15.3 (12.3–18.8) 27.9 (20.4–36.7) 7.7 (5.9–10.0)
Rhode Island 10.9 (8.3–14.2) 12.5 (10.3–15.1) 12.1 (9.9–14.6) 9.9 (7.8–12.5) 19.0 (13.5–26.2) 28.8 (18.1–42.5) 14.9 (11.9–18.5) 33.3 (23.2–45.2) 4.6 (2.8–7.4)
South Carolina 12.3 (9.1–16.5) 15.8 (13.7–18.0) 14.2 (11.6–17.2) 11.7 (9.2–14.6) 29.0 (21.6–37.7) 23.7 (10.6–45.0) 18.9 (15.4–22.9) 28.4 (19.5–39.4) 6.1 (3.6–10.2)
Tennessee 13.7 (11.4–16.3) 17.2 (14.4–20.4) 15.9 (13.8–18.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 14.8 (12.4–17.6) 18.7 (15.6–22.1) 16.9 (14.7–19.2) 15.8 (13.6–18.2) 24.0 (18.6–30.3) 19.4 (10.3–33.5) 20.9 (16.8–25.7) 36.3 (29.0–44.2) 9.8 (7.2–13.2)
Utah 7.7 (5.8–10.1) 7.8 (5.9–10.2) 7.8 (6.3–9.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont 11.4 (10.8–12.0) 15.7 (15.0–16.4) 13.7 (13.3–14.2) 12.9 (12.4–13.4) 19.6 (17.9–21.4) 15.7 (13.4–18.4) 17.1 (16.4–17.9) 26.6 (24.2–29.2) 7.1 (6.6–7.7)
Virginia 13.4 (11.6–15.4) 15.8 (13.4–18.6) 14.7 (13.1–16.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 14.5 (11.8–17.6) 23.9 (20.5–27.5) 19.4 (17.3–21.7) 17.9 (16.0–20.1) 32.2 (24.5–41.0) 13.6 (5.4–30.3) 24.2 (20.7–28.1) 35.8 (23.0–51.0) 9.1 (6.8–12.1)
Wisconsin 12.6 (9.9–15.9) 18.1 (14.5–22.5) 15.5 (12.8–18.6) 14.0 (11.4–17.0) 29.1 (21.9–37.5) 13.9 (6.7–26.8) 17.1 (13.9–20.9) 34.8 (27.2–43.2) 11.1 (8.6–14.2)
Median 14.3 17.2 15.8 14.0 26.3 19.4 19.4 32.2 9.3
Range 7.7–19.3 7.8–26.2 7.8–22.5 9.4–19.9 16.1–39.5 10.4–28.8 13.2–30.2 23.1–40.0 4.6–13.2
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 17.9 (12.8–24.4) 17.5 (13.7–22.1) 18.1 (14.4–22.5) 14.0 (10.1–19.0) 26.6 (17.7–37.9) 34.1 (17.0–56.7) 13.8 (9.8–19.1) 33.5 (21.5–48.1) 15.0 (7.2–28.8)
Boston, MA 14.6 (12.0–17.6) 17.0 (13.8–20.8) 15.8 (13.7–18.2) 14.6 (12.2–17.4) 21.7 (14.9–30.3) 21.3 (11.7–35.8) 19.4 (16.1–23.1) 22.5 (15.1–32.2) 10.2 (7.3–14.1)
Broward County, FL 18.3 (14.0–23.6) 17.3 (13.3–22.1) 17.9 (14.8–21.5) 17.1 (13.6–21.2) 21.6 (12.9–33.9) 23.5 (10.4–44.9) 18.5 (13.5–24.8) 26.0 (16.7–38.1) 15.5 (11.6–20.3)
Chicago, IL 16.0 (13.2–19.4) 17.4 (14.1–21.2) 16.8 (14.3–19.8) 15.0 (12.7–17.7) 25.5 (17.2–36.0) 18.9 (10.3–32.1) 18.3 (14.3–23.1) 30.2 (22.3–39.3) 11.2 (8.2–15.1)
Cleveland, OH 18.9 (15.1–23.3) 18.6 (15.3–22.3) 18.9 (16.4–21.8) 17.7 (15.2–20.5) 26.0 (18.3–35.7) 19.5 (10.9–32.6) 21.6 (18.1–25.7) 31.1 (23.5–39.9) 10.0 (7.4–13.5)
DeKalb County, GA 14.9 (12.4–17.8) 16.1 (13.3–19.5) 15.5 (13.7–17.6) 12.6 (10.7–14.7) 28.6 (20.6–38.2) 30.7 (20.4–43.3) 18.5 (15.3–22.2) 34.5 (27.2–42.6) 9.2 (7.0–12.0)
Detroit, MI 14.3 (11.6–17.5) 19.8 (16.1–24.2) 16.8 (14.4–19.6) 15.2 (12.7–18.0) 22.4 (15.0–32.0) 20.1 (11.0–33.8) 19.0 (14.4–24.6) 24.0 (17.7–31.6) 11.7 (9.3–14.6)
District of Columbia 14.2 (13.0–15.5) 17.4 (16.0–18.8) 16.1 (15.2–17.1) 14.2 (13.2–15.3) 23.9 (21.0–26.9) 22.1 (17.6–27.3) 17.5 (16.0–19.1) 29.8 (26.2–33.7) 9.1 (8.0–10.4)
Duval County, FL 19.1 (16.9–21.5) 22.5 (19.8–25.4) 21.2 (19.4–23.2) 17.0 (15.2–18.9) 33.0 (28.3–38.2) 33.7 (26.3–42.0) 23.5 (20.7–26.5) 34.0 (28.6–39.8) 11.0 (9.2–13.1)
Ft. Worth, TX 13.9 (12.1–15.9) 16.1 (14.0–18.5) 15.1 (13.7–16.6) 13.5 (12.0–15.2) 25.3 (20.3–31.0) 23.1 (15.8–32.6) 19.9 (17.4–22.7) 33.6 (26.3–41.8) 9.4 (7.9–11.1)
Houston, TX 16.3 (14.4–18.5) 17.5 (15.5–19.8) 17.3 (15.7–19.0) 15.1 (13.7–16.7) 25.4 (20.7–30.7) 31.9 (23.7–41.4) 20.4 (17.7–23.4) 34.5 (27.7–42.0) 10.9 (9.0–13.0)
Los Angeles, CA 14.4 (11.7–17.6) 16.4 (13.4–19.9) 15.5 (13.2–18.1) 14.8 (12.2–17.8) 17.3 (10.5–27.1) 24.4 (15.7–35.9) 20.2 (15.7–25.6) 26.3 (15.0–42.1) 10.1 (7.4–13.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL 14.7 (12.6–17.0) 22.8 (20.0–25.9) 18.9 (17.2–20.7) 17.2 (15.4–19.1) 31.0 (24.0–39.0) 26.5 (16.9–39.0) 22.0 (19.8–24.5) 30.2 (22.2–39.7) 13.4 (10.8–16.5)
New York City, NY 17.0 (15.7–18.4) 17.8 (16.1–19.5) 17.6 (16.3–19.0) 15.7 (14.6–16.9) 30.1 (26.4–34.1) 18.9 (16.5–21.6) 21.8 (19.5–24.4) 35.7 (30.8–40.9) 11.5 (10.0–13.3)
Oakland, CA 17.8 (15.3–20.7) 17.7 (15.0–20.8) 17.9 (16.0–19.9) 16.7 (14.7–19.0) 28.9 (21.6–37.5) 18.6 (9.7–32.6) 23.6 (20.3–27.1) 28.6 (20.0–39.1) 12.5 (10.3–15.2)
Orange County, FL 13.9 (11.1–17.4) 18.7 (15.1–22.8) 16.6 (14.1–19.6) 14.7 (12.1–17.9) 26.1 (18.8–35.0) 27.7 (17.1–41.6) 22.8 (18.5–27.7) 24.4 (16.3–34.8) 9.8 (7.2–13.3)
Palm Beach County, FL 15.6 (13.1–18.4) 18.5 (15.6–21.8) 17.1 (15.1–19.3) 14.1 (12.4–16.0) 31.5 (25.0–38.9) 27.2 (19.0–37.1) 18.0 (14.8–21.7) 45.4 (35.6–55.6) 10.0 (8.3–12.1)
Philadelphia, PA 14.2 (11.2–17.8) 13.3 (10.0–17.3) 13.8 (12.2–15.5) 12.0 (10.0–14.4) 22.1 (15.3–30.8) 11.8 (4.2–29.0) 15.7 (12.9–18.9) 27.0 (19.3–36.3) 8.8 (6.5–11.9)
San Diego, CA 12.9 (10.8–15.3) 15.4 (12.5–18.7) 14.2 (12.2–16.5) 13.7 (11.6–16.1) 17.7 (13.8–22.5) 17.4 (11.0–26.4) 16.8 (14.0–20.1) 24.1 (17.2–32.7) 10.1 (8.2–12.5)
San Francisco, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shelby County, TN 17.7 (15.1–20.7) 18.7 (15.1–23.0) 18.4 (16.4–20.7) 15.6 (13.3–18.1) 28.3 (21.6–36.0) 32.9 (22.1–46.0) 19.9 (16.1–24.3) 38.9 (29.8–48.9) 10.5 (7.5–14.5)
Median 15.2 17.5 16.9 14.9 25.8 23.3 19.6 30.2 10.4
Range 12.9–19.1 13.3–22.8 13.8–21.2 12.0–17.7 17.3–33.0 11.8–34.1 13.8–23.6 22.5–45.4 8.8–15.5

* Other than a few sips.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 98. Percentage of high school students who currently drank alcohol,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 31.8 (28.7–35.1) 27.6 (25.1–30.1) 29.8 (27.3–32.4)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 33.2 (28.5–38.3) 31.6 (28.4–34.9) 32.4 (29.0–36.0)
Black§ 24.3 (20.2–29.1) 16.9 (11.5–24.2) 20.8 (16.6–25.8)
Hispanic 35.9 (31.5–40.5) 26.8 (23.5–30.3) 31.3 (28.3–34.5)
Grade
9 22.0 (18.7–25.8) 15.3 (12.8–18.2) 18.8 (16.4–21.4)
10 28.7 (25.7–31.9) 25.3 (21.0–30.2) 27.0 (23.9–30.4)
11 36.8 (32.3–41.6) 31.6 (28.1–35.4) 34.4 (31.1–37.9)
12 41.2 (36.4–46.2) 40.5 (36.0–45.1) 40.8 (37.0–44.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 32.2 (29.8–34.7) 27.7 (25.4–30.2) 29.7 (27.7–31.8)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 39.9 (35.2–44.8) 29.5 (22.7–37.3) 37.4 (32.6–42.3)
Not sure 20.6 (13.8–29.6) 20.6 (14.3–28.8) 21.5 (16.4–27.7)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 50.2 (46.4–53.9) 45.2 (41.9–48.6) 47.5 (44.6–50.4)
Same sex only or both sexes 55.5 (48.7–62.1) 43.9 (35.3–52.9) 52.5 (45.8–59.1)
No sexual contact 15.9 (13.5–18.6) 10.2 (8.7–12.0) 13.1 (11.5–14.9)

* At least one drink of alcohol, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 99. Percentage of high school students who currently drank alcohol,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 28.1 (22.8–34.1) 17.9 (14.5–21.9) 22.8 (19.2–26.8) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona 36.4 (31.5–41.6) 30.2 (25.2–35.8) 33.1 (29.2–37.3) 30.8 (26.9–35.1) 52.7 (40.7–64.3) 28.4 (19.2–39.8) — — — — — —
Arkansas 25.6 (19.5–32.7) 25.5 (19.7–32.4) 25.7 (20.4–31.9) 23.9 (19.0–29.6) 36.5 (24.1–51.1) 25.4 (9.5–52.6) 42.2 (34.2–50.5) 34.4 (17.3–56.8) 8.1 (6.5–10.0)
California 33.3 (27.0–40.3) 26.9 (20.9–34.0) 30.0 (24.6–36.1) 29.9 (24.2–36.2) 38.9 (26.0–53.5) 10.8 (4.3–24.5) 46.4 (36.6–56.5) 49.9 (35.1–64.7) 17.0 (14.5–19.8)
Colorado 30.4 (26.5–34.5) 21.9 (17.4–27.0) 26.2 (22.7–30.0) 26.4 (22.7–30.5) 35.7 (26.8–45.9) 22.1 (11.8–37.4) — — — — — —
Connecticut 32.7 (28.5–37.2) 28.3 (23.9–33.2) 30.4 (27.3–33.7) 29.1 (25.7–32.8) 32.9 (25.7–41.0) 38.8 (26.5–52.8) 44.3 (39.2–49.5) 55.2 (48.2–62.1) 13.9 (11.1–17.2)
Delaware 30.9 (27.6–34.3) 27.1 (23.9–30.6) 28.7 (26.1–31.6) 28.8 (25.8–32.1) 28.4 (21.4–36.6) 19.7 (11.2–32.3) 40.2 (36.3–44.2) 46.2 (38.4–54.3) 13.2 (11.0–15.7)
Florida 29.1 (27.2–31.1) 25.0 (23.1–26.9) 27.0 (25.6–28.6) 26.0 (24.3–27.8) 37.5 (33.3–41.9) 25.7 (21.1–30.9) 41.1 (38.3–44.0) 52.0 (45.6–58.3) 11.9 (10.4–13.6)
Hawaii 26.4 (22.4–30.8) 22.1 (20.0–24.4) 24.5 (22.3–26.9) 22.6 (20.4–25.1) 36.4 (31.1–41.9) 24.1 (16.7–33.6) 40.5 (37.1–44.1) 49.6 (42.4–56.8) 10.8 (8.8–13.1)
Idaho 29.5 (25.2–34.3) 23.6 (19.5–28.1) 26.5 (23.0–30.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 31.4 (27.2–35.9) 23.3 (19.2–27.9) 27.4 (23.5–31.7) 26.5 (22.7–30.7) 40.9 (32.3–50.1) 20.2 (10.7–34.8) 43.3 (38.2–48.6) 61.0 (50.3–70.8) 11.5 (8.8–14.9)
Iowa 32.1 (25.7–39.4) 22.9 (17.8–29.0) 27.6 (23.9–31.6) 25.9 (21.5–30.8) 47.4 (40.7–54.3) 21.5 (10.0–40.5) 42.0 (33.9–50.5) 51.7 (42.2–61.2) 10.8 (7.4–15.5)
Kansas 30.4 (26.6–34.4) 29.2 (24.8–34.1) 29.9 (27.0–32.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 28.6 (24.2–33.3) 24.4 (20.2–29.0) 26.6 (23.1–30.5) 25.8 (21.6–30.4) 38.5 (31.2–46.2) 14.2 (6.6–28.0) 42.2 (37.0–47.7) 40.2 (30.2–51.1) 12.0 (9.4–15.3)
Louisiana 37.2 (28.9–46.5) 30.6 (24.0–38.2) 34.0 (27.9–40.6) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine 23.9 (21.9–26.0) 20.1 (18.5–21.7) 22.0 (20.6–23.4) 21.2 (19.8–22.7) 28.4 (25.4–31.5) 19.8 (15.1–25.4) 34.7 (32.3–37.1) 44.1 (40.1–48.1) 6.0 (5.3–6.8)
Maryland 28.6 (27.6–29.6) 22.2 (21.3–23.2) 25.5 (24.8–26.3) 24.2 (23.4–25.0) 35.9 (34.1–37.7) 22.5 (20.3–24.8) — — — — — —
Massachusetts 33.0 (28.5–37.7) 29.8 (25.1–35.0) 31.4 (27.4–35.7) 31.2 (27.0–35.6) 37.8 (30.4–45.8) 24.9 (14.3–39.7) 49.4 (43.7–55.1) 54.1 (46.4–61.7) 13.2 (10.6–16.3)
Michigan 33.0 (26.7–40.1) 26.0 (20.9–31.8) 29.6 (24.5–35.3) 28.8 (23.9–34.3) 40.0 (31.0–49.8) 24.7 (16.0–36.1) 47.7 (40.8–54.8) 54.1 (44.4–63.6) 10.1 (7.1–14.1)
Missouri 36.1 (29.8–42.9) 27.5 (22.4–33.1) 32.0 (27.3–37.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 34.8 (31.8–37.8) 31.5 (29.2–34.0) 33.1 (31.1–35.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 27.2 (23.2–31.7) 21.4 (17.5–26.0) 24.4 (21.3–27.8) 23.8 (20.6–27.4) 35.7 (24.1–49.2) 17.8 (9.0–32.2) 40.7 (34.7–47.0) 65.4 (52.0–76.7) 12.0 (9.1–15.6)
Nevada 30.2 (26.8–33.7) 21.3 (17.9–25.1) 25.8 (23.0–28.8) 24.3 (21.4–27.6) 35.3 (27.6–43.7) 24.7 (14.6–38.6) 41.2 (36.7–45.8) 45.2 (37.2–53.4) 12.7 (9.3–17.2)
New Hampshire 30.7 (28.8–32.6) 28.5 (26.6–30.4) 29.6 (28.1–31.2) 29.3 (27.7–31.0) 33.7 (30.3–37.4) 25.9 (21.3–31.1) 44.0 (42.1–46.0) 53.0 (48.3–57.7) 12.0 (10.7–13.6)
New Mexico 28.2 (25.1–31.6) 24.1 (20.7–27.8) 26.2 (23.4–29.4) 24.7 (21.7–28.0) 36.8 (31.6–42.3) 23.7 (18.0–30.5) 41.1 (37.4–44.9) 50.7 (46.7–54.7) 10.7 (9.2–12.5)
New York 32.6 (29.5–35.8) 21.4 (17.6–25.7) 27.1 (24.2–30.3) 26.7 (23.4–30.3) 34.9 (29.3–41.0) 22.2 (17.6–27.6) 45.3 (39.3–51.5) 56.3 (49.9–62.5) 15.1 (13.7–16.5)
North Carolina 28.2 (24.9–31.9) 24.9 (21.3–28.8) 26.5 (23.4–29.9) 25.0 (21.7–28.6) 37.0 (32.0–42.2) 30.3 (20.8–41.9) 38.7 (34.8–42.8) 53.8 (45.7–61.6) 11.0 (8.5–14.2)
North Dakota 31.9 (28.0–36.0) 26.4 (22.4–30.8) 29.1 (25.9–32.6) 29.3 (26.0–32.8) 34.2 (27.3–41.8) 18.4 (9.6–32.3) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 34.8 (30.1–39.8) 28.7 (24.2–33.7) 31.6 (28.2–35.3) 30.9 (27.1–35.0) 44.8 (34.0–56.2) 30.5 (17.2–48.2) 46.4 (40.1–52.8) 56.7 (45.1–67.6) 14.4 (11.5–17.8)
Pennsylvania 33.7 (30.7–36.9) 28.6 (25.3–32.1) 31.1 (28.5–33.7) 30.7 (28.3–33.3) 39.6 (31.5–48.3) 20.4 (12.8–30.9) 47.0 (42.7–51.4) 56.7 (48.0–64.9) 14.7 (12.4–17.2)
Rhode Island 25.8 (21.0–31.2) 20.2 (15.8–25.5) 23.2 (20.1–26.7) 23.2 (19.4–27.5) 26.2 (20.8–32.5) 20.0 (10.8–34.0) 36.8 (29.3–44.9) 45.4 (34.5–56.7) 9.3 (6.8–12.5)
South Carolina 27.6 (22.8–32.9) 22.9 (18.1–28.5) 25.4 (21.3–29.9) 23.1 (19.3–27.3) 41.2 (33.3–49.5) 21.9 (12.2–36.1) 36.1 (31.4–41.1) 51.7 (36.6–66.5) 12.5 (8.8–17.5)
Tennessee 29.8 (26.5–33.2) 21.7 (17.8–26.2) 25.8 (23.2–28.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 28.5 (24.7–32.6) 25.1 (21.5–29.1) 26.8 (24.0–29.8) 24.8 (22.0–27.8) 43.5 (33.3–54.2) 22.9 (14.4–34.3) 41.8 (36.8–47.0) 50.7 (38.4–62.9) 11.6 (8.5–15.5)
Utah 11.2 (8.0–15.5) 10.1 (7.2–14.2) 10.6 (8.1–13.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont 33.9 (32.9–34.9) 32.0 (31.1–32.9) 33.0 (32.3–33.6) 32.9 (32.2–33.7) 36.3 (34.2–38.5) 28.2 (25.2–31.3) 49.1 (48.0–50.1) 56.2 (53.3–59.0) 11.5 (10.8–12.2)
Virginia 26.0 (23.0–29.2) 23.0 (19.9–26.5) 24.5 (22.3–26.8) — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 26.0 (21.1–31.6) 29.6 (25.6–33.9) 27.9 (25.0–30.9) 27.8 (24.5–31.3) 28.1 (20.7–36.9) 20.8 (10.1–38.0) 44.4 (40.3–48.5) 38.5 (27.7–50.5) 8.9 (7.0–11.4)
Wisconsin 32.9 (30.0–36.0) 28.1 (23.9–32.8) 30.4 (27.4–33.7) 30.4 (27.5–33.5) 30.8 (22.9–39.9) 28.2 (20.3–37.8) 45.7 (40.3–51.1) 43.1 (31.0–56.1) 15.7 (12.6–19.3)
Median 30.4 25.0 27.1 26.4 36.4 22.7 42.2 51.7 11.9
Range 11.2–37.2 10.1–32.0 10.6–34.0 21.2–32.9 26.2–52.7 10.8–38.8 34.7–49.4 34.4–65.4 6.0–17.0
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 23.1 (17.3–30.2) 19.1 (13.1–27.0) 21.5 (18.7–24.6) 17.1 (14.0–20.9) 39.7 (27.3–53.6) 21.0 (9.8–39.5) 20.5 (15.5–26.4) 53.3 (38.3–67.7) 11.2 (7.0–17.2)
Boston, MA 29.9 (25.9–34.3) 15.6 (12.2–19.7) 22.9 (19.9–26.2) 21.9 (18.8–25.4) 35.9 (27.5–45.3) 21.1 (12.4–33.5) 32.8 (28.7–37.3) 37.0 (26.5–49.0) 11.6 (9.1–14.7)
Broward County, FL 37.7 (30.7–45.3) 27.1 (20.5–35.0) 32.5 (27.4–38.0) 32.4 (27.2–38.2) 29.0 (19.8–40.3) 33.8 (16.4–57.0) 45.2 (39.6–51.0) 51.8 (31.1–71.8) 17.7 (12.2–25.0)
Chicago, IL 26.9 (21.2–33.5) 20.1 (15.4–25.9) 23.9 (19.8–28.6) 21.3 (17.4–25.9) 36.8 (26.7–48.3) 23.4 (14.6–35.3) 33.9 (27.1–41.5) 49.8 (39.7–59.9) 11.7 (8.4–16.1)
Cleveland, OH 31.4 (27.6–35.5) 21.0 (17.5–24.9) 26.1 (23.3–29.1) 23.7 (20.8–26.9) 41.3 (34.3–48.8) 27.2 (17.3–40.0) 30.8 (26.1–36.0) 53.9 (46.9–60.7) 12.5 (9.9–15.7)
DeKalb County, GA 19.8 (16.8–23.2) 16.7 (13.7–20.2) 18.3 (16.2–20.6) 16.2 (13.8–18.9) 28.1 (21.8–35.3) 28.5 (17.8–42.3) 25.4 (21.4–29.9) 42.3 (33.7–51.4) 8.5 (6.4–11.1)
Detroit, MI 22.2 (17.4–27.8) 13.1 (9.2–18.4) 18.1 (14.4–22.4) 17.1 (13.4–21.6) 21.3 (13.1–32.6) 18.6 (8.1–37.1) 24.7 (18.0–33.0) 27.3 (18.7–38.1) 10.7 (8.2–13.7)
District of Columbia 22.6 (21.2–24.0) 17.8 (16.4–19.2) 20.5 (19.5–21.5) 18.2 (17.1–19.2) 32.0 (29.0–35.2) 26.6 (21.8–32.0) 26.0 (24.3–27.8) 40.1 (36.3–44.0) 9.4 (8.3–10.6)
Duval County, FL 28.3 (25.7–31.0) 22.6 (20.4–25.0) 26.0 (24.2–27.9) 22.8 (21.0–24.8) 40.5 (34.8–46.5) 31.5 (24.5–39.5) 35.5 (32.4–38.7) 45.0 (39.0–51.1) 11.2 (9.2–13.5)
Ft. Worth, TX 26.2 (23.6–29.1) 19.2 (16.8–21.9) 22.8 (21.0–24.8) 22.3 (20.3–24.5) 31.6 (25.0–39.0) 22.1 (14.0–33.0) 35.2 (32.2–38.4) 43.6 (34.0–53.7) 12.5 (10.7–14.6)
Houston, TX 28.2 (25.6–31.0) 19.4 (17.1–22.0) 23.7 (21.9–25.6) 22.3 (20.3–24.3) 35.0 (29.8–40.6) 22.9 (16.0–31.6) 36.3 (33.0–39.8) 49.0 (41.5–56.6) 12.4 (10.7–14.4)
Los Angeles, CA 25.0 (19.3–31.7) 19.9 (16.0–24.3) 22.4 (18.6–26.8) 21.0 (16.8–25.9) 41.6 (31.4–52.5) 16.7 (9.1–28.6) 32.7 (27.4–38.6) 52.0 (34.6–69.0) 12.6 (9.5–16.5)
Miami-Dade County, FL 31.8 (28.3–35.5) 24.9 (21.6–28.6) 28.7 (26.0–31.6) 27.6 (24.8–30.6) 41.0 (33.0–49.5) 31.6 (20.6–45.1) 40.6 (36.9–44.5) 55.0 (47.1–62.7) 14.4 (11.8–17.4)
New York City, NY 20.4 (18.1–22.9) 15.1 (13.2–17.1) 17.9 (16.1–20.0) 15.8 (13.8–17.9) 33.3 (29.7–37.1) 19.7 (16.8–22.9) 30.6 (26.7–34.8) 48.1 (42.5–53.8) 9.3 (7.7–11.1)
Oakland, CA 26.5 (22.9–30.4) 21.1 (18.0–24.6) 23.8 (21.2–26.6) 22.3 (19.7–25.2) 37.0 (29.9–44.7) 27.0 (17.0–40.1) 37.0 (32.4–41.8) 43.6 (33.4–54.4) 12.9 (10.6–15.7)
Orange County, FL 24.6 (21.0–28.7) 20.8 (17.1–25.2) 23.1 (20.2–26.2) 21.1 (18.2–24.2) 35.4 (27.3–44.3) 22.7 (13.1–36.5) 33.9 (29.4–38.7) 40.9 (28.7–54.2) 12.5 (9.9–15.5)
Palm Beach County, FL 36.2 (32.0–40.6) 27.1 (23.5–31.1) 31.7 (28.3–35.3) 28.7 (24.9–32.8) 50.3 (42.1–58.6) 37.5 (27.9–48.1) 48.6 (43.3–53.9) 65.8 (57.8–73.1) 12.9 (10.5–15.7)
Philadelphia, PA 26.0 (20.8–31.9) 14.7 (12.0–17.7) 20.4 (17.1–24.1) 18.7 (15.5–22.5) 32.6 (25.6–40.4) 19.9 (8.9–38.7) 26.6 (21.2–32.8) 45.5 (35.0–56.3) 12.1 (9.7–15.0)
San Diego, CA 29.1 (25.6–32.9) 20.8 (17.0–25.3) 24.9 (21.7–28.5) 24.8 (21.3–28.8) 35.5 (28.4–43.4) 8.9 (4.6–16.5) 40.2 (34.9–45.7) 44.9 (36.3–53.8) 10.4 (8.3–13.0)
San Francisco, CA 18.6 (15.4–22.3) 14.9 (12.1–18.4) 16.8 (14.3–19.7) 15.6 (13.2–18.3) 35.4 (27.0–44.8) 12.8 (8.0–19.8) 31.8 (26.5–37.6) 51.4 (42.0–60.8) 8.0 (6.4–9.9)
Shelby County, TN 24.4 (20.6–28.5) 15.0 (11.2–19.8) 20.0 (17.5–22.7) 18.1 (15.4–21.1) 30.7 (23.9–38.4) 29.5 (18.6–43.4) 24.7 (20.2–29.7) 40.3 (32.2–49.0) 13.1 (9.7–17.5)
Median 26.2 19.4 22.9 21.3 35.4 22.9 32.8 45.5 12.1
Range 18.6–37.7 13.1–27.1 16.8–32.5 15.6–32.4 21.3–50.3 8.9–37.5 20.5–48.6 27.3–65.8 8.0–17.7

* At least one drink of alcohol, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 100. Percentage of high school students who usually got the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 48.4 (45.3–51.5) 37.8 (33.9–41.7) 43.5 (41.0–46.0)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 49.4 (44.2–54.6) 38.6 (35.1–42.3) 44.3 (41.1–47.6)
Black§ 48.2 (40.3–56.3) 39.0 (27.8–51.5) 44.1 (38.1–50.3)
Hispanic 47.9 (41.8–54.2) 36.1 (28.5–44.5) 42.9 (37.7–48.3)
Grade
9 52.4 (46.0–58.8) 38.0 (28.0–49.1) 46.6 (41.1–52.2)
10 48.9 (43.8–54.1) 41.3 (35.1–47.6) 45.2 (41.4–49.1)
11 45.1 (38.3–52.0) 37.5 (30.8–44.7) 41.5 (36.0–47.3)
12 48.4 (43.1–53.8) 35.3 (30.3–40.8) 42.3 (38.8–45.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 50.8 (47.1–54.5) 37.6 (33.6–41.8) 44.2 (41.2–47.2)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 42.1 (32.7–52.0) 45.9 (30.8–61.8) 42.6 (34.6–51.0)
Not sure 28.2 (14.2–48.2) 36.7 (17.4–61.6) 29.5 (17.3–45.5)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 50.4 (45.6–55.1) 36.1 (32.3–40.0) 43.0 (40.0–46.0)
Same sex only or both sexes 37.3 (29.6–45.7) 34.0 (21.0–50.0) 36.6 (29.8–44.0)
No sexual contact 51.8 (45.0–58.5) 50.9 (42.4–59.3) 51.4 (45.4–57.4)

* During the 30 days before the survey, among the 29.8% of students nationwide who currently drank alcohol.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 101. Percentage of high school students who usually got the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 44.1 (35.9–52.6) 30.2 (21.6–40.6) 38.3 (32.3–44.6) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona 44.6 (37.8–51.6) 32.5 (24.3–41.8) 38.8 (33.0–44.9) 41.2 (36.1–46.5) 28.3 (18.8–40.3) — — — — — — — —
Arkansas 49.9 (38.9–60.9) 29.0 (19.8–40.4) 39.0 (31.1–47.5) 41.9 (33.4–50.9) 35.0 (18.5–56.2) — — 38.4 (30.8–46.7) 38.4 (18.2–63.4) 60.1 (47.7–71.3)
California 45.5 (36.8–54.6) 37.8 (28.0–48.8) 42.0 (35.4–48.8) 41.6 (34.1–49.5) 45.5 (23.8–69.0) — — 37.9 (31.1–45.2) 43.6 (26.6–62.3) 48.9 (36.9–61.1)
Colorado 50.4 (39.7–61.1) 36.0 (27.5–45.4) 44.7 (38.7–50.7) 42.5 (36.4–48.9) 48.9 (33.8–64.3) — — — — — — — —
Connecticut — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Delaware — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Florida — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hawaii — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Idaho 56.3 (48.5–63.9) 35.1 (29.0–41.8) 46.6 (41.5–51.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 50.6 (42.4–58.8) 31.3 (23.1–40.8) 41.6 (35.4–48.0) 42.3 (34.6–50.3) 38.4 (24.6–54.3) 63.2 (47.0–76.9) 43.9 (35.6–52.5) 38.7 (23.3–56.7) 39.8 (25.7–55.9)
Iowa 48.4 (39.7–57.2) 35.1 (24.8–46.9) 42.9 (35.2–51.0) 44.5 (34.7–54.8) 31.5 (18.8–47.6) — — 39.0 (28.3–50.9) 43.6 (30.7–57.5) 65.1 (46.7–80.0)
Kansas — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 42.4 (34.4–50.7) 34.8 (29.0–41.1) 38.5 (33.4–43.9) 37.7 (32.2–43.6) 42.6 (29.5–56.8) — — 38.8 (33.2–44.7) 44.8 (32.9–57.4) 38.0 (28.8–48.3)
Louisiana 48.7 (39.6–58.0) 27.5 (19.0–38.1) 39.6 (32.8–46.8) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine 47.5 (43.3–51.6) 34.8 (31.8–37.9) 41.3 (38.6–44.0) 43.0 (39.9–46.1) 37.0 (30.2–44.4) 26.1 (15.5–40.5) 43.2 (40.1–46.3) 31.2 (25.6–37.4) 50.9 (45.2–56.6)
Maryland — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Massachusetts — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Michigan 46.3 (39.7–53.1) 30.9 (22.2–41.3) 39.7 (33.9–45.8) 40.7 (33.7–48.1) 32.0 (17.3–51.6) — — 39.7 (32.9–46.9) 24.0 (12.6–40.8) 47.8 (36.5–59.3)
Missouri 47.6 (40.8–54.5) 36.6 (29.2–44.8) 42.4 (38.0–47.0) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 43.8 (39.6–48.2) 36.3 (31.6–41.4) 40.1 (36.4–43.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 32.7 (24.3–42.5) 30.6 (22.2–40.5) 31.7 (26.3–37.7) 31.8 (25.9–38.3) 36.6 (18.3–59.8) — — 33.4 (26.7–40.8) 27.4 (10.3–55.3) 31.6 (22.0–42.9)
Nevada 48.4 (41.3–55.6) 30.2 (23.0–38.6) 40.7 (35.6–45.9) 41.2 (35.7–47.0) 42.4 (28.3–57.9) — — 40.7 (35.2–46.4) 39.4 (24.4–56.6) 40.7 (31.1–51.0)
New Hampshire 46.8 (43.7–49.9) 33.8 (30.7–37.0) 40.1 (38.0–42.3) 41.0 (38.8–43.3) 39.0 (32.6–45.7) 26.7 (19.5–35.4) 39.6 (37.1–42.1) 30.8 (24.9–37.4) 49.7 (44.6–54.9)
New Mexico 43.4 (40.1–46.8) 33.3 (28.6–38.2) 38.6 (35.5–41.9) 41.4 (37.9–45.0) 31.2 (23.7–39.7) 24.7 (15.7–36.7) 40.0 (35.6–44.5) 28.4 (20.5–38.0) 45.0 (38.1–52.0)
New York 43.4 (38.8–48.0) 38.7 (32.3–45.5) 41.2 (38.3–44.1) 44.7 (40.6–48.9) 36.3 (28.6–44.8) 15.5 (10.0–23.2) 42.4 (37.1–47.9) 37.5 (32.2–43.2) 43.9 (36.6–51.4)
North Carolina 43.1 (37.0–49.4) 36.7 (31.1–42.7) 39.9 (35.6–44.4) 40.6 (36.2–45.1) 39.2 (27.6–52.2) — — 39.5 (34.4–44.8) 35.2 (25.2–46.8) 46.0 (38.2–54.0)
North Dakota 43.3 (37.1–49.8) 30.9 (24.4–38.2) 37.7 (32.8–42.9) 37.0 (32.1–42.2) 48.9 (34.8–63.2) — — — — — — — —
Oklahoma 52.3 (44.7–59.9) 29.5 (21.5–39.1) 41.9 (36.5–47.5) 42.2 (36.3–48.3) 31.9 (18.9–48.5) — — 42.7 (35.9–49.8) 38.2 (20.8–59.3) 40.1 (32.9–47.8)
Pennsylvania 50.6 (44.8–56.3) 39.1 (33.9–44.5) 45.2 (41.3–49.1) 45.8 (41.6–50.0) 39.5 (30.0–49.8) 48.7 (28.3–69.5) 47.5 (42.8–52.4) 36.9 (27.1–47.8) 44.6 (36.4–53.1)
Rhode Island 44.6 (38.2–51.2) 31.4 (22.7–41.8) 38.2 (32.7–44.0) 38.9 (33.9–44.3) 45.1 (35.1–55.4) — — 37.7 (31.7–44.2) 28.3 (18.1–41.5) 45.8 (32.6–59.7)
South Carolina 53.5 (45.4–61.4) 30.3 (23.2–38.4) 42.7 (37.5–48.1) 42.0 (35.0–49.2) 41.4 (30.5–53.2) — — 43.4 (36.5–50.5) 38.2 (24.2–54.5) 45.6 (29.9–62.3)
Tennessee 41.2 (34.2–48.5) 29.1 (19.8–40.7) 35.8 (29.4–42.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 49.8 (43.6–55.9) 34.2 (27.4–41.8) 42.1 (37.0–47.2) 41.7 (36.8–46.8) 44.5 (35.3–54.1) — — 37.3 (31.5–43.4) 47.3 (33.1–61.9) 58.7 (46.1–70.3)
Utah 46.0 (34.7–57.6) — — 41.0 (32.8–49.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont 46.2 (44.5–48.0) 34.5 (32.9–36.3) 40.2 (39.0–41.5) 40.7 (39.4–42.1) 38.1 (34.5–41.9) 37.7 (31.7–44.1) 40.1 (38.7–41.6) 34.7 (31.0–38.5) 46.0 (42.8–49.2)
Virginia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 46.3 (38.5–54.2) 34.8 (27.7–42.6) 39.8 (33.4–46.6) 40.9 (34.0–48.0) 33.1 (19.7–49.8) — — 38.2 (30.3–46.8) 42.4 (21.6–66.3) 50.7 (31.7–69.6)
Wisconsin 37.7 (31.7–44.2) 34.2 (28.8–40.0) 36.1 (31.9–40.5) 37.0 (32.6–41.6) 33.2 (21.7–47.1) — — 35.5 (30.3–41.1) 37.5 (25.1–51.8) 39.4 (31.1–48.4)
Median 46.3 34.0 40.1 41.3 38.3 26.7 39.6 37.5 45.8
Range 32.7–56.3 27.5–39.1 31.7–46.6 31.8–45.8 28.3–48.9 15.5–63.2 33.4–47.5 24.0–47.3 31.6–65.1
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 47.2 (32.5–62.4) — — 40.6 (30.9–51.2) 43.9 (29.7–59.2) — — — — 46.3 (30.8–62.6) 45.4 (27.0–65.1) — —
Boston, MA 40.0 (33.4–47.0) 41.9 (31.8–52.7) 40.4 (34.6–46.5) 40.5 (34.1–47.2) 44.9 (30.0–60.7) — — 37.3 (28.9–46.6) 52.9 (36.0–69.1) 39.6 (27.9–52.7)
Broward County, FL 49.4 (37.9–60.9) 40.4 (23.3–60.3) 45.7 (35.3–56.6) 45.4 (33.4–58.0) — — — — 41.6 (27.8–56.8) — — 57.9 (42.5–71.9)
Chicago, IL 44.7 (37.8–51.8) 41.6 (34.0–49.6) 43.1 (38.9–47.5) 42.9 (37.4–48.7) 49.9 (40.1–59.7) — — 38.2 (33.1–43.7) 50.6 (38.7–62.3) 55.5 (45.6–64.9)
Cleveland, OH — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DeKalb County, GA 39.1 (28.9–50.2) 25.6 (18.7–33.8) 33.0 (27.1–39.4) 34.3 (28.1–41.1) 26.8 (14.2–44.8) — — 34.4 (28.4–40.9) 27.0 (16.2–41.5) 41.8 (27.1–58.1)
Detroit, MI 44.1 (35.4–53.1) — — 39.9 (31.9–48.5) 34.7 (25.9–44.6) — — — — 42.0 (31.3–53.5) 45.1 (27.4–64.2) 37.3 (25.1–51.4)
District of Columbia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Duval County, FL 47.6 (42.5–52.7) 32.7 (26.4–39.7) 40.9 (36.6–45.3) 44.3 (39.0–49.8) 36.0 (28.1–44.8) 30.8 (18.2–47.1) 42.8 (37.5–48.3) 39.6 (32.2–47.5) 47.2 (37.3–57.3)
Ft. Worth, TX 48.8 (43.5–54.2) 29.3 (23.7–35.6) 40.4 (36.2–44.9) 41.6 (36.7–46.7) 35.0 (24.2–47.6) — — 40.7 (35.3–46.3) 43.1 (29.4–57.9) 44.8 (36.8–53.2)
Houston, TX 43.8 (38.5–49.2) 29.7 (23.6–36.6) 37.8 (33.8–41.9) 37.0 (32.5–41.6) 44.9 (34.6–55.6) — — 35.6 (30.5–41.1) 36.9 (26.8–48.2) 42.9 (35.2–50.9)
Los Angeles, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Miami-Dade County, FL 41.6 (36.5–46.9) 30.0 (24.0–36.7) 36.3 (32.3–40.5) 36.5 (31.9–41.3) 36.8 (25.3–50.1) — — 35.5 (30.4–40.9) 35.2 (24.1–48.2) 40.0 (31.0–49.7)
New York City, NY 35.8 (30.3–41.7) 27.9 (22.6–33.8) 31.8 (27.9–36.0) 33.2 (29.3–37.3) 34.6 (26.3–44.0) 23.3 (15.7–33.2) 35.9 (31.5–40.5) 31.9 (24.5–40.3) 33.0 (27.8–38.7)
Oakland, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Orange County, FL 46.7 (39.1–54.5) 32.7 (25.4–41.0) 40.0 (35.5–44.8) 43.5 (38.2–48.9) 34.6 (22.1–49.7) — — 42.5 (35.6–49.7) 31.2 (19.4–46.2) 45.0 (32.8–57.8)
Palm Beach County, FL 47.9 (42.9–52.9) 36.0 (28.8–43.9) 42.7 (38.6–46.8) 45.5 (39.7–51.4) 38.3 (30.1–47.2) 24.4 (13.1–40.7) 45.2 (39.3–51.2) 34.1 (24.8–44.8) 43.3 (33.0–54.2)
Philadelphia, PA 45.8 (36.5–55.4) 28.7 (18.8–41.3) 39.8 (32.1–48.0) 38.0 (28.5–48.5) 52.7 (33.6–71.0) — — 35.7 (25.5–47.3) 46.2 (25.4–68.4) 42.6 (29.0–57.3)
San Diego, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
San Francisco, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shelby County, TN 30.6 (23.9–38.2) — — 26.9 (19.9–35.3) 28.6 (20.3–38.6) 29.8 (17.7–45.6) — — 27.7 (18.5–39.4) 27.6 (14.8–45.4) 31.5 (22.9–41.5)
Median 44.7 31.3 40.0 40.5 36.4 — 38.2 38.2 42.7
Range 30.6–49.4 25.6–41.9 26.9–45.7 28.6–45.5 26.8–52.7 — 27.7–46.3 27.0–52.9 31.5–57.9

* During the 30 days before the survey, among students who currently drank alcohol.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 102. Percentage of high school students who reported current binge drinking,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 14.1 (12.4–16.1) 12.8 (11.3–14.4) 13.5 (12.0–15.1)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 15.9 (13.1–19.0) 15.5 (13.2–18.0) 15.7 (13.6–17.9)
Black§ 6.8 (4.9–9.4) 4.1 (2.8–6.1) 5.6 (4.3–7.2)
Hispanic 16.0 (13.0–19.6) 12.0 (10.1–14.2) 14.0 (12.0–16.2)
Grade
9 9.2 (7.0–11.9) 5.3 (3.7–7.4) 7.3 (5.7–9.2)
10 12.6 (10.6–15.1) 10.1 (7.6–13.3) 11.4 (9.4–13.8)
11 15.4 (12.8–18.3) 15.4 (12.7–18.5) 15.4 (13.2–17.8)
12 20.1 (16.7–23.9) 21.9 (18.4–25.7) 20.9 (18.1–24.1)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 13.9 (12.4–15.7) 12.6 (11.2–14.2) 13.2 (12.0–14.5)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 18.3 (15.7–21.2) 13.8 (9.7–19.4) 17.2 (14.7–20.0)
Not sure 10.1 (5.5–17.8) 9.7 (5.3–16.9) 10.8 (6.7–16.9)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 23.8 (20.9–26.9) 22.5 (19.9–25.3) 23.1 (21.0–25.2)
Same sex only or both sexes 26.7 (21.7–32.4) 21.1 (14.3–29.9) 25.2 (20.9–30.2)
No sexual contact 5.1 (4.0–6.5) 2.8 (2.0–3.7) 4.0 (3.2–4.9)

* Four or more drinks of alcohol in a row (if they were female) or five or more drinks of alcohol in a row (if they were male), within a couple of hours, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 103. Percentage of high school students who reported current binge drinking,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 17.3 (13.1–22.4) 10.6 (8.3–13.4) 13.8 (11.5–16.5) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona 20.7 (15.5–27.0) 15.4 (12.3–19.2) 17.9 (14.6–21.9) 16.5 (13.5–20.1) 31.9 (22.3–43.2) 12.2 (6.1–22.8) — — — — — —
Arkansas 8.7 (4.9–14.9) 14.2 (9.8–20.2) 11.7 (7.5–17.9) 11.4 (7.4–17.3) 11.9 (7.2–18.9) 15.5 (4.7–40.5) 22.0 (14.3–32.3) 13.5 (5.8–28.3) 1.7 (0.9–3.3)
California 15.2 (10.9–20.8) 11.6 (7.4–17.7) 13.3 (9.7–18.0) 13.6 (9.7–18.7) 13.1 (6.9–23.7) 6.2 (1.7–20.2) 23.7 (16.1–33.3) 22.5 (13.6–34.8) 5.1 (3.6–7.0)
Colorado 16.3 (12.9–20.3) 12.4 (9.4–16.2) 14.5 (11.9–17.5) 15.6 (12.7–19.1) 13.4 (10.0–17.7) 11.2 (4.4–25.8) — — — — — —
Connecticut 16.2 (13.6–19.3) 13.7 (11.0–16.9) 14.9 (13.2–16.7) 14.3 (12.5–16.4) 14.1 (11.4–17.5) 16.5 (9.8–26.3) 24.1 (20.6–28.0) 28.2 (20.2–38.0) 4.3 (3.0–6.2)
Delaware 15.2 (12.0–19.1) 14.9 (12.3–18.0) 14.9 (12.5–17.7) 15.0 (12.5–17.9) 15.2 (10.2–22.2) 15.8 (8.0–28.7) 22.3 (18.6–26.5) 26.0 (19.0–34.6) 4.8 (3.5–6.4)
Florida 13.0 (11.5–14.6) 12.3 (10.9–13.9) 12.7 (11.5–14.0) 11.6 (10.3–13.0) 20.6 (17.0–24.8) 14.3 (11.0–18.4) 20.9 (18.7–23.3) 30.0 (24.8–35.8) 3.0 (2.3–3.9)
Hawaii 12.4 (10.4–14.6) 12.3 (10.5–14.3) 12.6 (11.2–14.1) 11.6 (10.1–13.2) 16.5 (13.3–20.2) 13.8 (9.2–20.1) 22.8 (20.5–25.3) 26.2 (19.4–34.4) 4.0 (2.8–5.6)
Idaho 16.9 (13.5–20.8) 13.6 (10.3–17.8) 15.3 (12.4–18.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 13.6 (10.3–17.7) 9.9 (6.8–14.2) 11.8 (9.1–15.2) 11.3 (8.3–15.1) 19.6 (13.3–27.9) 5.4 (2.0–13.4) 20.3 (15.2–26.6) 30.8 (22.3–40.8) 2.5 (1.3–4.5)
Iowa 14.5 (10.6–19.6) 12.4 (9.3–16.3) 13.4 (10.7–16.7) 13.0 (9.8–16.9) 24.1 (15.9–34.8) 0.0 — 22.3 (16.3–29.5) 32.1 (21.8–44.5) 3.5 (1.8–6.6)
Kansas 15.4 (11.8–19.7) 16.7 (13.6–20.3) 16.1 (14.0–18.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 13.8 (10.1–18.4) 12.7 (9.8–16.3) 13.2 (10.3–16.7) 13.6 (10.4–17.5) 14.2 (8.9–21.9) 0.5 (0.1–2.2) 24.9 (20.1–30.4) 20.0 (12.1–31.3) 3.1 (2.0–4.6)
Louisiana 15.0 (8.5–24.9) 11.1 (7.0–17.1) 13.0 (8.7–19.1) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maryland 13.9 (13.2–14.7) 11.8 (11.1–12.4) 13.0 (12.4–13.6) 12.0 (11.4–12.6) 18.2 (16.9–19.6) 12.1 (10.5–13.8) — — — — — —
Massachusetts 14.8 (12.3–17.7) 17.1 (13.7–21.2) 15.9 (13.3–18.9) 16.4 (13.6–19.6) 14.4 (9.5–21.1) 10.5 (5.2–20.1) 27.0 (22.7–31.9) 27.0 (20.2–35.1) 4.8 (3.3–7.0)
Michigan 14.8 (10.9–19.7) 11.8 (8.3–16.6) 13.2 (10.1–17.2) 12.8 (9.6–16.7) 15.4 (10.0–23.0) 13.3 (6.1–26.6) 22.4 (17.0–29.0) 28.5 (20.3–38.4) 3.2 (1.9–5.2)
Missouri 18.8 (15.4–22.7) 14.8 (11.8–18.4) 17.0 (14.6–19.8) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 17.2 (15.2–19.4) 17.9 (16.2–19.7) 17.6 (16.2–19.1) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 10.3 (7.5–13.9) 10.6 (7.6–14.7) 10.5 (8.4–13.1) 9.9 (7.8–12.5) 16.4 (8.1–30.4) 12.1 (5.3–25.0) 20.4 (16.3–25.3) 38.2 (22.4–56.9) 2.3 (1.2–4.3)
Nevada 10.8 (8.8–13.2) 11.3 (8.8–14.5) 11.2 (9.3–13.4) 10.8 (8.9–13.2) 11.9 (7.2–18.9) 14.6 (7.2–27.4) 18.9 (16.2–21.9) 21.8 (14.8–30.8) 4.1 (2.6–6.4)
New Hampshire — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New Mexico 11.6 (9.5–14.1) 10.0 (8.3–11.9) 10.9 (9.4–12.5) 10.3 (8.7–12.0) 14.4 (11.5–18.0) 10.8 (7.4–15.6) 19.1 (16.6–22.0) 23.0 (18.4–28.3) 2.8 (2.1–3.7)
New York 13.1 (10.6–16.1) 8.3 (5.8–11.7) 10.8 (8.6–13.5) 11.0 (8.5–14.0) 13.1 (8.9–19.0) 6.6 (3.5–12.3) 20.7 (15.9–26.6) 23.4 (14.7–35.2) 4.6 (3.7–5.7)
North Carolina 12.0 (10.0–14.4) 12.8 (10.3–15.8) 12.4 (10.3–14.8) 12.2 (10.0–14.7) 14.9 (10.7–20.2) 8.7 (4.1–17.6) 20.5 (17.1–24.3) 23.1 (17.3–30.0) 2.8 (2.0–3.9)
North Dakota 18.5 (15.7–21.7) 14.4 (12.1–17.0) 16.4 (14.4–18.5) 16.3 (14.3–18.5) 21.6 (16.0–28.4) 9.5 (4.0–21.1) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 13.8 (10.6–17.8) 14.8 (11.4–18.9) 14.2 (11.7–17.3) 13.5 (10.8–16.8) 25.3 (17.6–34.8) 11.2 (4.2–26.7) 23.1 (18.7–28.1) 29.5 (18.2–44.1) 3.8 (2.4–6.1)
Pennsylvania 13.3 (10.7–16.5) 12.2 (10.0–14.6) 12.8 (10.8–15.1) 13.1 (10.9–15.5) 12.8 (8.8–18.2) 7.1 (3.6–13.5) 22.0 (18.2–26.4) 20.5 (15.0–27.3) 4.0 (2.7–5.9)
Rhode Island 10.8 (8.3–14.1) 11.0 (7.5–16.0) 11.2 (9.0–13.9) 11.1 (8.4–14.4) 10.9 (5.9–19.1) 15.6 (9.4–24.8) 18.5 (13.4–25.0) 24.5 (17.2–33.5) 2.8 (1.6–4.9)
South Carolina 10.1 (7.6–13.2) 10.3 (7.4–14.1) 10.4 (8.3–12.9) 9.5 (7.2–12.6) 16.4 (10.6–24.6) 14.4 (5.9–31.4) 17.4 (13.8–21.8) 25.1 (15.3–38.4) 2.3 (1.4–3.6)
Tennessee 12.8 (10.2–16.1) 9.0 (6.4–12.7) 11.0 (9.1–13.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 11.8 (9.6–14.5) 11.8 (9.4–14.7) 11.8 (10.0–14.0) 11.4 (9.5–13.6) 14.5 (9.6–21.5) 10.9 (5.4–21.0) 21.8 (18.3–25.6) 24.5 (15.7–36.3) 2.7 (1.7–4.0)
Utah 4.0 (2.8–5.7) 5.5 (3.3–9.3) 4.8 (3.4–6.6) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont 16.8 (16.1–17.6) 16.8 (16.1–17.6) 16.9 (16.4–17.4) 17.0 (16.4–17.6) 17.5 (15.9–19.3) 14.7 (12.5–17.2) 26.9 (26.0–27.8) 32.8 (30.1–35.5) 3.3 (2.9–3.7)
Virginia 13.9 (11.5–16.6) 10.7 (8.7–13.1) 12.3 (10.8–13.8) — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 11.9 (8.9–15.6) 16.4 (12.5–21.2) 14.3 (11.5–17.6) 14.7 (11.6–18.4) 11.3 (5.8–21.0) 3.7 (0.6–18.3) 25.0 (20.1–30.6) 18.2 (9.0–33.3) 2.4 (1.4–4.0)
Wisconsin — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Median 13.8 12.3 13.1 12.8 14.9 11.2 22.0 25.1 3.2
Range 4.0–20.7 5.5–17.9 4.8–17.9 9.5–17.0 10.9–31.9 0.0–16.5 17.4–27.0 13.5–38.2 1.7–5.1
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 6.2 (3.5–11.0) 3.6 (1.6–8.1) 5.0 (3.3–7.5) 4.5 (2.5–7.9) 6.2 (2.7–13.8) 5.9 (0.8–31.8) 4.3 (2.1–8.3) 13.7 (7.7–23.2) 2.9 (1.2–6.8)
Boston, MA 13.5 (11.1–16.3) 7.6 (5.4–10.6) 10.5 (8.7–12.6) 10.2 (8.3–12.5) 13.4 (8.5–20.5) 11.6 (5.7–22.1) 17.3 (14.2–21.0) 14.1 (7.7–24.2) 3.0 (1.7–5.0)
Broward County, FL 12.7 (8.2–19.4) 8.8 (5.0–14.9) 10.7 (7.5–15.1) 11.2 (7.6–16.1) 7.9 (3.2–18.3) 9.4 (2.2–32.6) 16.3 (10.9–23.8) 21.5 (11.1–37.6) 4.3 (2.0–8.8)
Chicago, IL 10.3 (7.8–13.4) 7.8 (4.9–12.1) 9.1 (6.9–12.0) 8.5 (6.3–11.4) 12.5 (8.2–18.6) 8.0 (2.9–20.3) 15.1 (10.8–20.6) 20.3 (13.5–29.5) 2.1 (1.0–4.3)
Cleveland, OH 14.7 (12.0–17.9) 11.0 (8.3–14.5) 13.1 (11.0–15.5) 11.2 (9.2–13.6) 22.3 (16.8–29.1) 19.3 (10.8–32.0) 14.9 (11.6–18.9) 27.1 (21.0–34.1) 5.1 (3.5–7.3)
DeKalb County, GA 7.3 (5.6–9.6) 7.5 (5.4–10.5) 7.4 (6.0–9.2) 6.3 (4.8–8.2) 12.4 (9.0–17.0) 11.3 (5.4–21.8) 10.5 (7.8–14.0) 20.0 (13.9–28.0) 2.4 (1.6–3.6)
Detroit, MI 7.2 (5.2–10.1) 4.0 (2.2–7.0) 5.7 (4.0–8.1) 5.3 (3.4–8.2) 6.2 (3.0–12.6) 10.0 (3.6–24.7) 8.1 (5.2–12.5) 12.2 (6.7–21.2) 2.7 (1.5–4.8)
District of Columbia 8.4 (7.5–9.4) 7.4 (6.5–8.3) 8.2 (7.6–8.9) 7.0 (6.4–7.8) 12.6 (10.6–15.0) 13.5 (10.1–17.8) 10.2 (9.1–11.4) 17.7 (14.9–20.8) 2.9 (2.3–3.7)
Duval County, FL 11.0 (9.3–12.9) 11.6 (10.0–13.4) 11.6 (10.5–12.9) 9.0 (7.8–10.3) 19.7 (15.9–24.1) 16.9 (11.3–24.6) 15.4 (13.4–17.7) 20.5 (16.7–24.9) 3.1 (2.1–4.4)
Ft. Worth, TX 9.4 (7.9–11.1) 8.0 (6.6–9.8) 8.7 (7.6–10.0) 8.7 (7.5–10.1) 10.5 (7.2–15.1) 5.3 (2.6–10.8) 15.9 (13.7–18.4) 15.0 (10.4–21.2) 3.0 (2.2–4.0)
Houston, TX 10.8 (9.0–12.9) 7.7 (6.4–9.2) 9.2 (8.1–10.4) 8.3 (7.2–9.6) 14.2 (10.7–18.5) 10.1 (6.5–15.4) 14.8 (12.7–17.2) 23.5 (17.8–30.3) 3.6 (2.7–4.8)
Los Angeles, CA 8.7 (5.8–12.9) 7.6 (5.6–10.3) 8.3 (6.2–10.9) 7.3 (5.3–9.9) 24.1 (14.5–37.3) 1.6 (0.2–10.2) 13.1 (10.3–16.5) 33.0 (18.1–52.4) 2.7 (1.3–5.6)
Miami-Dade County, FL 10.1 (8.1–12.5) 6.3 (4.8–8.3) 8.3 (6.8–10.0) 7.7 (6.1–9.6) 12.7 (8.5–18.6) 11.7 (4.8–25.7) 12.6 (10.2–15.4) 15.7 (11.2–21.7) 3.4 (2.2–5.4)
New York City, NY 5.5 (4.7–6.5) 4.2 (3.2–5.5) 5.0 (4.2–5.9) 4.3 (3.5–5.3) 10.3 (7.9–13.3) 4.8 (3.4–6.7) 10.3 (8.2–12.8) 15.1 (12.0–18.9) 1.5 (1.1–2.1)
Oakland, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Orange County, FL 7.5 (5.8–9.5) 8.5 (6.3–11.4) 8.3 (6.9–10.0) 7.4 (5.9–9.3) 12.9 (7.4–21.4) 9.8 (4.1–21.7) 14.6 (11.6–18.1) 19.5 (11.4–31.3) 1.9 (1.0–3.5)
Palm Beach County, FL 11.3 (9.1–14.0) 8.5 (6.9–10.4) 9.9 (8.3–11.8) 8.9 (7.3–10.9) 13.1 (9.1–18.5) 15.4 (9.5–23.9) 16.8 (14.4–19.5) 22.5 (15.6–31.2) 2.7 (1.7–4.3)
Philadelphia, PA 9.0 (6.3–12.8) 4.9 (3.5–6.7) 6.9 (5.4–8.9) 5.6 (4.2–7.3) 12.9 (7.8–20.7) 15.1 (6.4–31.8) 9.0 (6.9–11.7) 20.5 (10.8–35.6) 3.3 (2.3–4.8)
San Diego, CA 13.8 (11.4–16.5) 9.1 (6.7–12.2) 11.4 (9.4–13.7) 11.0 (8.8–13.7) 19.2 (13.8–26.2) 4.1 (1.3–12.1) 19.6 (15.9–24.0) 25.0 (18.1–33.4) 3.4 (2.2–5.1)
San Francisco, CA 6.4 (4.9–8.3) 5.1 (3.6–7.1) 5.7 (4.5–7.2) 5.2 (3.9–6.8) 13.1 (8.3–20.0) 4.0 (1.8–9.0) 13.5 (10.3–17.4) 25.0 (16.6–35.7) 1.1 (0.7–1.7)
Shelby County, TN 3.3 (2.1–5.2) 4.4 (2.8–6.9) 4.1 (3.0–5.6) 2.8 (1.8–4.4) 9.4 (5.5–15.5) 6.7 (2.2–18.7) 4.1 (2.6–6.4) 11.5 (6.8–18.7) 1.7 (0.9–3.3)
Median 9.2 7.6 8.3 7.6 12.8 9.9 14.0 20.2 2.9
Range 3.3–14.7 3.6–11.6 4.1–13.1 2.8–11.2 6.2–24.1 1.6–19.3 4.1–19.6 11.5–33.0 1.1–5.1

* Four or more drinks of alcohol in a row (if they were female) or five or more drinks of alcohol in a row (if they were male), within a couple of hours, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 104. Percentage of high school students who reported 10 or more as the largest number of alcoholic drinks they had in a row,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 2.9 (2.1–4.1) 5.8 (4.9–6.8) 4.4 (3.6–5.3)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 2.9 (1.8–4.7) 7.0 (5.6–8.6) 4.9 (3.8–6.3)
Black§ 1.0 (0.5–2.3) 1.5 (0.6–3.5) 1.4 (0.8–2.4)
Hispanic 3.7 (2.7–5.2) 5.7 (4.5–7.1) 4.7 (3.8–5.8)
Grade
9 1.8 (1.1–2.9) 2.1 (1.3–3.6) 1.9 (1.4–2.8)
10 2.1 (1.1–3.9) 5.1 (3.5–7.3) 3.6 (2.4–5.2)
11 3.5 (2.1–5.7) 6.6 (4.6–9.3) 5.0 (3.6–6.9)
12 4.6 (3.1–6.9) 10.1 (7.8–13.0) 7.3 (5.7–9.4)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 2.7 (1.8–4.1) 5.7 (4.7–6.8) 4.3 (3.5–5.2)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 4.4 (2.9–6.7) 5.8 (3.1–10.7) 4.8 (3.4–6.7)
Not sure 4.9 (1.3–16.4) 5.0 (1.8–13.1) 6.1 (2.6–13.5)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 4.8 (3.2–7.1) 10.5 (8.9–12.4) 7.9 (6.6–9.6)
Same sex only or both sexes 9.0 (6.0–13.3) 13.5 (6.9–24.8) 10.1 (7.7–13.3)
No sexual contact 0.8 (0.4–1.7) 0.8 (0.4–1.4) 0.8 (0.5–1.3)

* Within a couple of hours, during the 30 days before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 105. Percentage of high school students who reported 10 or more as the largest number of alcoholic drinks they had in a row,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska —§ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arkansas 2.5 (1.3–4.7) 7.9 (5.3–11.8) 5.2 (3.3–8.0) 5.0 (3.2–7.7) 7.5 (2.6–19.5) 3.8 (0.4–25.9) 9.7 (6.0–15.2) 4.9 (1.3–17.1) 1.2 (0.5–3.3)
California 2.0 (1.2–3.4) 4.0 (2.5–6.4) 3.1 (2.1–4.4) 3.3 (2.2–4.9) 1.1 (0.2–5.9) 3.6 (0.7–16.7) 6.1 (3.8–9.6) 3.6 (1.0–12.6) 0.8 (0.3–2.1)
Colorado — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Connecticut — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Delaware — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Florida — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hawaii — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Idaho — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 3.3 (2.0–5.5) 4.6 (2.9–7.2) 4.0 (2.6–6.2) 3.8 (2.3–6.2) 6.5 (3.1–13.4) 1.6 (0.4–5.4) 6.8 (4.1–11.2) 15.6 (8.9–26.0) 0.2 (0.0–1.1)
Iowa 3.4 (1.2–9.5) 6.6 (4.4–9.8) 5.0 (3.7–6.8) 4.9 (3.6–6.6) 7.4 (2.4–20.7) 0.0 — 9.3 (7.2–12.0) 10.2 (2.4–35.1) 0.5 (0.1–2.7)
Kansas — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 2.9 (1.5–5.3) 7.2 (5.0–10.3) 5.1 (3.6–7.1) 5.1 (3.5–7.5) 5.5 (2.5–11.9) 0.5 (0.1–2.3) 9.2 (6.2–13.5) 9.8 (5.1–18.0) 1.0 (0.4–2.7)
Louisiana 3.7 (1.9–7.3) 6.8 (4.6–9.9) 5.1 (3.7–7.1) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine 1.2 (0.8–1.7) 3.9 (3.2–4.6) 2.6 (2.3–3.0) 2.4 (2.0–2.8) 2.8 (1.9–4.0) 6.9 (5.0–9.4) 4.0 (3.3–4.8) 7.5 (5.7–9.9) 0.2 (0.1–0.6)
Maryland — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Massachusetts — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Michigan 1.9 (1.0–3.6) 5.3 (2.7–10.3) 3.6 (2.1–6.0) 3.5 (1.9–6.2) 5.2 (3.2–8.2) 4.0 (0.8–18.4) 6.1 (3.3–11.0) 8.8 (4.2–17.6) 0.4 (0.1–2.2)
Missouri — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 3.8 (3.0–4.8) 8.9 (7.4–10.6) 6.4 (5.6–7.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 1.4 (0.7–2.8) 3.8 (2.2–6.4) 2.7 (1.6–4.3) 2.5 (1.5–4.2) 4.9 (1.8–12.8) 2.5 (0.3–16.0) 5.5 (3.4–8.7) 11.7 (5.0–24.8) 0.2 (0.0–0.9)
Nevada 2.7 (1.6–4.8) 3.5 (2.4–5.0) 3.1 (2.1–4.6) 3.1 (2.0–4.7) 2.0 (0.7–5.7) 7.0 (2.0–21.5) 5.2 (3.4–7.8) 5.8 (2.2–14.5) 1.4 (0.7–2.9)
New Hampshire — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New Mexico 4.3 (3.0–6.0) 4.6 (3.4–6.2) 4.5 (3.5–5.8) 4.1 (3.0–5.5) 5.6 (3.8–8.3) 7.8 (4.7–12.9) 7.9 (6.1–10.2) 10.5 (7.6–14.2) 1.0 (0.6–1.7)
New York 1.4 (0.9–2.2) 2.8 (1.5–5.1) 2.1 (1.3–3.2) 2.0 (1.2–3.3) 3.2 (1.4–7.0) 1.5 (0.9–2.5) 4.4 (2.5–7.5) 6.6 (3.5–12.0) 0.4 (0.2–1.1)
North Carolina — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Dakota — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oklahoma 2.4 (1.4–4.3) 8.5 (6.2–11.6) 5.6 (4.1–7.5) 6.0 (4.3–8.2) 3.1 (1.1–8.7) 5.1 (1.5–16.1) 10.2 (7.6–13.7) 4.8 (1.7–12.7) 1.3 (0.6–3.0)
Pennsylvania 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 4.9 (3.7–6.5) 3.6 (2.9–4.6) 3.8 (3.0–4.8) 3.6 (1.6–7.9) 0.9 (0.2–4.4) 6.1 (4.3–8.5) 7.5 (4.3–12.6) 1.0 (0.5–2.1)
Rhode Island — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
South Carolina 2.4 (1.3–4.3) 6.9 (4.7–10.1) 4.7 (3.3–6.7) 4.4 (2.9–6.7) 5.5 (1.9–15.0) 8.2 (1.6–33.4) 8.4 (5.6–12.2) 7.5 (2.5–20.7) 0.7 (0.2–2.9)
Tennessee 2.1 (1.2–3.7) 5.5 (3.8–8.0) 3.9 (2.8–5.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 3.0 (1.6–5.6) 5.0 (3.3–7.7) 4.1 (2.8–5.9) 4.1 (2.8–5.9) 3.5 (1.8–6.7) 0.0 — 8.1 (5.8–11.1) 6.7 (3.0–14.3) 0.7 (0.2–2.2)
Utah 0.9 (0.4–2.1) 2.8 (1.4–5.5) 1.9 (1.0–3.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont 2.2 (1.9–2.6) 6.7 (6.2–7.2) 4.6 (4.3–4.9) 4.5 (4.1–4.8) 4.5 (3.7–5.6) 6.3 (4.8–8.2) 7.3 (6.8–7.9) 10.4 (8.7–12.4) 0.4 (0.3–0.6)
Virginia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 3.9 (2.5–6.2) 9.3 (6.4–13.4) 6.9 (5.3–8.8) 7.1 (5.6–9.1) 3.7 (1.2–10.8) 1.1 (0.1–8.1) 11.9 (9.4–15.0) 3.0 (0.6–13.1) 1.5 (0.7–3.2)
Wisconsin — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Median 2.4 5.3 4.1 4.1 4.5 3.6 7.3 7.5 0.7
Range 0.9–4.3 2.8–9.3 1.9–6.9 2.0–7.1 1.1–7.5 0.0–8.2 4.0–11.9 3.0–15.6 0.2–1.5
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Boston, MA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Broward County, FL 2.2 (0.6–8.0) 2.9 (1.3–6.4) 2.5 (1.2–5.3) 2.6 (1.1–6.0) 1.6 (0.3–7.5) 0.6 (0.1–5.0) 2.6 (1.0–6.6) 11.2 (3.0–34.2) 0.5 (0.1–3.6)
Chicago, IL 1.0 (0.5–1.9) 1.8 (1.0–3.4) 1.4 (0.8–2.3) 1.6 (0.9–2.7) 0.0 — 2.9 (0.8–10.3) 2.8 (1.6–4.8) 2.3 (0.5–9.6) 0.1 (0.0–0.5)
Cleveland, OH — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DeKalb County, GA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Detroit, MI 1.4 (0.7–2.8) 1.0 (0.2–4.6) 1.2 (0.5–2.7) 1.1 (0.3–3.2) 0.5 (0.1–3.6) 3.8 (0.5–23.5) 2.5 (0.9–6.8) 2.5 (0.8–7.9) 0.0 —
District of Columbia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Duval County, FL — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Ft. Worth, TX 2.2 (1.5–3.2) 4.1 (3.0–5.5) 3.2 (2.5–4.0) 3.1 (2.4–4.1) 3.6 (1.7–7.5) 1.4 (0.3–5.7) 5.7 (4.1–7.7) 11.3 (6.5–18.9) 0.7 (0.3–1.2)
Houston, TX 2.9 (2.1–3.9) 3.6 (2.6–4.9) 3.2 (2.6–4.1) 3.1 (2.5–4.0) 3.0 (1.4–6.1) 3.5 (1.4–8.2) 5.5 (4.0–7.5) 10.2 (6.7–15.2) 0.5 (0.3–1.2)
Los Angeles, CA 1.7 (0.8–3.9) 2.7 (1.7–4.2) 2.3 (1.5–3.6) 2.3 (1.6–3.3) 3.8 (0.8–15.8) 0.0 — 4.8 (3.1–7.3) 5.3 (0.9–25.7) 0.4 (0.1–1.5)
Miami-Dade County, FL 1.7 (1.1–2.4) 2.4 (1.6–3.7) 2.1 (1.5–2.8) 1.7 (1.2–2.3) 5.2 (3.0–8.7) 4.8 (1.0–21.0) 3.2 (2.2–4.8) 6.8 (3.4–13.0) 0.3 (0.1–1.2)
New York City, NY 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 1.8 (1.3–2.6) 1.4 (1.1–1.9) 1.0 (0.7–1.5) 3.7 (2.3–5.9) 2.0 (1.2–3.5) 2.7 (1.9–3.7) 8.3 (5.5–12.4) 0.2 (0.1–0.4)
Oakland, CA 1.9 (1.1–3.2) 2.7 (1.7–4.1) 2.3 (1.6–3.3) 2.2 (1.5–3.2) 3.9 (1.6–9.4) 1.9 (0.3–12.6) 3.2 (2.0–5.2) 7.8 (3.5–16.4) 1.1 (0.5–2.3)
Orange County, FL 1.0 (0.4–2.3) 3.2 (1.7–5.8) 2.1 (1.2–3.6) 2.2 (1.3–3.6) 2.2 (0.5–8.4) 1.6 (0.2–11.1) 4.2 (2.5–7.0) 3.8 (0.9–14.5) 0.2 (0.0–1.6)
Palm Beach County, FL 1.5 (0.9–2.5) 3.8 (2.7–5.3) 2.6 (2.0–3.4) 2.2 (1.6–3.1) 5.1 (2.6–9.8) 4.4 (1.5–12.0) 3.9 (2.9–5.4) 8.7 (4.5–16.1) 0.9 (0.4–2.1)
Philadelphia, PA 1.5 (0.6–3.6) 2.2 (1.2–3.9) 1.9 (1.1–3.2) 1.7 (1.0–3.1) 3.8 (1.4–9.6) 2.4 (0.6–9.5) 3.1 (1.6–5.9) 3.0 (0.7–12.2) 1.0 (0.4–2.7)
San Diego, CA 1.6 (1.0–2.7) 2.8 (1.8–4.4) 2.2 (1.5–3.4) 2.3 (1.5–3.5) 1.9 (0.7–5.4) 2.2 (0.4–10.0) 3.5 (2.1–5.9) 5.8 (2.4–13.5) 0.8 (0.3–1.9)
San Francisco, CA 1.0 (0.5–2.0) 1.3 (0.7–2.3) 1.2 (0.8–1.9) 1.0 (0.6–1.8) 2.2 (0.9–5.3) 3.5 (1.2–9.9) 2.3 (1.4–3.9) 8.3 (4.0–16.5) 0.1 (0.0–0.4)
Shelby County, TN 0.6 (0.2–1.8) 1.6 (0.6–4.3) 1.1 (0.5–2.4) 0.4 (0.2–0.8) 3.1 (0.9–10.3) 0.0 — 0.8 (0.3–2.4) 5.9 (2.1–15.3) 0.1 (0.0–0.5)
Median 1.5 2.7 2.1 2.2 3.1 2.2 3.2 6.8 0.4
Range 0.6–2.9 1.0–4.1 1.1–3.2 0.4–3.1 0.0–5.2 0.0–4.8 0.8–5.7 2.3–11.3 0.0–1.1

* Within a couple of hours, during the 30 days before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 106. Percentage of high school students who ever used marijuana,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 35.9 (32.6–39.3) 35.2 (32.6–37.9) 35.6 (33.0–38.3)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 32.1 (27.0–37.5) 31.7 (28.9–34.7) 32.0 (28.6–35.5)
Black§ 44.9 (39.7–50.3) 40.5 (36.9–44.1) 42.8 (39.6–46.1)
Hispanic 42.7 (37.9–47.8) 42.1 (36.3–48.2) 42.4 (37.6–47.3)
Grade
9 24.1 (20.7–27.9) 23.4 (20.2–27.0) 23.8 (21.1–26.8)
10 33.6 (29.7–37.6) 33.1 (30.0–36.4) 33.3 (30.4–36.4)
11 42.3 (37.1–47.7) 40.3 (37.3–43.4) 41.4 (38.1–44.7)
12 45.3 (40.9–49.7) 46.2 (41.1–51.4) 45.8 (41.8–49.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 34.7 (32.1–37.3) 35.7 (32.8–38.7) 35.2 (32.9–37.6)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 54.3 (49.0–59.4) 38.5 (31.3–46.2) 50.4 (45.6–55.3)
Not sure 29.9 (22.3–38.9) 24.9 (18.9–32.0) 28.8 (23.4–34.8)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 54.6 (51.1–58.0) 56.3 (53.0–59.6) 55.5 (52.7–58.3)
Same sex only or both sexes 71.6 (65.4–77.1) 55.5 (44.7–65.7) 67.5 (60.9–73.5)
No sexual contact 16.6 (14.4–19.0) 13.3 (10.8–16.3) 15.0 (13.5–16.7)

* Also called grass, pot, or weed, one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 107. Percentage of high school students who ever used marijuana,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 43.9 (38.5–49.4) 39.5 (34.8–44.5) 41.5 (37.7–45.5) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arkansas 30.8 (23.2–39.6) 30.9 (24.9–37.7) 31.0 (25.4–37.3) 27.4 (22.4–33.1) 51.1 (27.7–74.0) 33.8 (18.8–52.9) 46.1 (40.6–51.6) 53.0 (25.9–78.5) 9.2 (6.0–13.9)
California 37.4 (30.7–44.5) 37.8 (33.2–42.7) 37.7 (32.7–43.0) 37.3 (32.3–42.6) 47.6 (35.6–59.8) 22.8 (11.4–40.5) 58.6 (53.2–63.8) 67.0 (54.1–77.8) 17.4 (13.5–22.1)
Colorado 39.7 (33.1–46.8) 31.3 (25.9–37.2) 35.5 (30.3–41.1) 34.6 (29.7–39.9) 52.0 (42.9–61.0) 29.4 (19.9–41.2) — — — — — —
Connecticut 34.7 (31.7–37.9) 34.3 (30.5–38.2) 34.5 (32.3–36.7) 33.5 (31.0–36.1) 39.1 (31.4–47.4) 33.6 (22.4–47.0) 52.7 (48.8–56.5) 66.2 (59.8–72.2) 13.9 (11.1–17.3)
Delaware 45.0 (40.7–49.4) 42.9 (38.5–47.4) 44.1 (40.5–47.6) 42.8 (39.3–46.3) 56.5 (47.8–64.9) 31.1 (18.7–47.0) 63.2 (59.8–66.5) 72.5 (63.6–80.0) 16.7 (13.9–19.9)
Florida 33.2 (30.7–35.9) 35.6 (33.3–38.0) 34.5 (32.6–36.4) 33.1 (31.1–35.2) 49.9 (46.3–53.5) 31.0 (25.3–37.3) 53.9 (51.5–56.3) 63.8 (58.6–68.7) 14.1 (12.6–15.7)
Hawaii — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Idaho 31.5 (26.4–37.1) 28.7 (24.8–33.1) 30.0 (26.2–34.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 36.5 (31.3–42.0) 31.9 (27.2–37.0) 34.2 (30.0–38.5) 32.5 (28.2–37.2) 53.8 (42.2–65.1) 24.5 (17.1–33.7) 51.6 (46.0–57.2) 74.3 (62.2–83.6) 13.7 (10.8–17.2)
Iowa 27.3 (21.1–34.5) 25.3 (19.3–32.5) 26.5 (21.5–32.2) 23.3 (18.1–29.5) 49.5 (38.0–61.0) 38.0 (20.4–59.4) 39.9 (33.6–46.5) 61.5 (49.6–72.2) 7.6 (5.0–11.4)
Kansas 27.0 (24.3–30.0) 25.0 (21.2–29.3) 26.1 (23.5–28.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 32.9 (28.2–37.9) 30.9 (27.1–35.1) 32.1 (28.7–35.6) 30.2 (26.8–33.8) 51.3 (39.4–63.0) 19.1 (9.9–33.8) 48.9 (43.7–54.1) 59.7 (47.8–70.5) 13.2 (10.5–16.5)
Louisiana 37.0 (31.5–42.8) 35.8 (30.0–42.0) 36.7 (32.5–41.1) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine 33.5 (31.2–35.8) 30.9 (28.4–33.4) 32.2 (30.1–34.3) 30.5 (28.2–32.9) 47.1 (43.1–51.1) 27.2 (22.6–32.3) 48.5 (45.4–51.6) 64.1 (60.4–67.7) 10.5 (9.4–11.7)
Maryland 32.9 (31.8–34.0) 29.7 (28.5–30.8) 31.4 (30.5–32.3) 29.3 (28.3–30.2) 46.9 (44.6–49.2) 25.9 (23.6–28.3) — — — — — —
Massachusetts 38.4 (34.1–42.8) 37.5 (33.0–42.2) 37.9 (34.0–42.0) 37.2 (33.3–41.2) 51.3 (43.6–58.9) 26.0 (16.6–38.2) 60.2 (55.0–65.2) 68.2 (59.6–75.8) 14.3 (11.9–16.9)
Michigan 43.7 (36.6–51.0) 39.1 (31.7–47.0) 41.4 (34.6–48.5) 39.3 (32.3–46.6) 66.1 (56.2–74.9) 35.3 (23.8–48.7) 62.5 (54.3–70.1) 83.5 (75.3–89.4) 15.1 (11.6–19.5)
Missouri — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 39.2 (35.8–42.7) 34.2 (31.6–36.9) 36.7 (34.2–39.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 24.7 (19.9–30.1) 25.8 (21.1–31.1) 25.4 (21.7–29.5) 24.3 (20.5–28.6) 46.1 (35.3–57.2) 15.5 (8.1–27.8) 43.9 (37.6–50.4) 66.9 (54.3–77.5) 10.1 (7.4–13.6)
Nevada 39.9 (35.2–44.8) 34.3 (28.6–40.4) 37.2 (32.8–41.9) 35.6 (30.9–40.7) 49.1 (40.5–57.7) 27.7 (17.6–40.8) 59.9 (54.2–65.3) 64.1 (51.6–74.9) 16.3 (12.4–21.1)
New Hampshire — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New Mexico — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New York — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Carolina 37.9 (33.1–42.9) 35.1 (29.5–41.2) 36.5 (31.9–41.4) 34.7 (30.2–39.4) 53.9 (46.6–61.1) 29.9 (19.9–42.3) 53.9 (49.7–58.0) 68.5 (61.7–74.6) 14.6 (11.6–18.2)
North Dakota — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oklahoma 33.9 (28.3–40.1) 33.2 (28.6–38.1) 33.4 (29.2–37.8) 31.6 (27.0–36.5) 53.0 (42.9–62.8) 30.3 (15.2–51.3) 50.1 (43.2–57.1) 62.4 (47.8–75.1) 11.0 (7.8–15.3)
Pennsylvania 33.6 (29.6–37.7) 33.3 (29.6–37.2) 33.4 (30.2–36.8) 32.7 (29.8–35.8) 43.7 (35.0–52.8) 21.2 (13.6–31.5) 52.3 (47.8–56.7) 60.1 (52.2–67.5) 12.8 (10.5–15.5)
Rhode Island 37.5 (30.5–45.1) 36.0 (32.1–40.1) 36.9 (32.7–41.4) 35.9 (32.6–39.3) 48.2 (32.8–63.9) 33.1 (22.8–45.3) 57.3 (53.2–61.2) 65.4 (55.2–74.4) 15.5 (12.4–19.2)
South Carolina 36.5 (31.4–41.9) 33.9 (28.2–40.2) 35.5 (31.3–39.8) 31.1 (27.3–35.2) 61.7 (50.8–71.4) 34.0 (23.4–46.4) 47.9 (42.8–53.1) 78.6 (66.6–87.2) 14.4 (11.4–18.1)
Tennessee 34.0 (29.5–38.9) 33.2 (29.9–36.8) 33.8 (30.3–37.6) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 35.0 (29.4–41.0) 33.4 (30.3–36.8) 34.4 (30.3–38.8) 32.0 (27.7–36.5) 52.1 (44.2–59.9) 30.9 (22.7–40.6) 54.4 (50.0–58.8) 67.6 (57.2–76.4) 11.9 (9.4–15.1)
Utah 16.1 (12.3–20.9) 16.8 (12.4–22.4) 16.6 (13.0–21.1) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Virginia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 33.4 (30.0–36.9) 36.1 (31.0–41.6) 35.1 (31.5–38.8) 32.9 (29.2–36.8) 54.9 (47.6–62.0) 29.2 (16.8–45.8) 51.6 (45.6–57.5) 65.2 (53.8–75.2) 11.3 (8.6–14.9)
Wisconsin 30.7 (26.6–35.2) 29.9 (25.9–34.3) 30.2 (27.1–33.5) 29.1 (26.0–32.5) 40.8 (33.4–48.7) 27.1 (18.4–37.9) 49.1 (43.7–54.5) 62.0 (49.5–73.1) 9.1 (7.1–11.6)
Median 34.3 33.3 34.4 32.7 51.1 29.4 52.3 65.4 13.7
Range 16.1–45.0 16.8–42.9 16.6–44.1 23.3–42.8 39.1–66.1 15.5–38.0 39.9–63.2 53.0–83.5 7.6–17.4
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 49.6 (41.8–57.5) 43.5 (36.8–50.4) 46.9 (41.4–52.3) 43.1 (37.3–49.0) 60.7 (42.9–76.0) 42.5 (29.1–57.1) 61.0 (53.5–68.0) 82.2 (68.8–90.7) 21.8 (16.4–28.4)
Boston, MA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Broward County, FL 35.5 (29.2–42.5) 37.6 (30.6–45.2) 36.8 (30.9–43.1) 36.2 (30.2–42.8) 47.3 (33.1–62.0) 21.0 (10.8–37.0) 51.1 (43.2–58.9) 62.5 (42.1–79.2) 17.8 (13.0–23.9)
Chicago, IL 46.7 (41.2–52.2) 40.3 (34.5–46.4) 43.8 (39.7–48.0) 41.9 (37.5–46.5) 58.1 (50.8–65.0) 34.8 (22.0–50.3) 64.0 (59.3–68.6) 71.7 (64.4–78.0) 22.2 (18.3–26.8)
Cleveland, OH 50.7 (46.4–54.9) 40.4 (35.7–45.2) 45.6 (42.0–49.3) 42.6 (38.7–46.6) 68.0 (58.9–75.9) 36.7 (23.8–51.9) 56.6 (51.9–61.2) 78.9 (72.0–84.5) 19.7 (15.8–24.2)
DeKalb County, GA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Detroit, MI 41.3 (36.6–46.1) 33.6 (28.4–39.2) 37.9 (34.1–41.8) 34.5 (30.5–38.8) 53.8 (42.5–64.8) 49.1 (34.6–63.7) 54.5 (48.1–60.9) 59.5 (49.5–68.8) 19.7 (16.2–23.7)
District of Columbia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Duval County, FL — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Ft. Worth, TX 37.0 (34.2–39.9) 37.4 (34.5–40.4) 37.3 (35.0–39.6) 35.6 (33.3–37.9) 53.6 (46.7–60.4) 39.4 (29.6–50.0) 58.9 (55.5–62.2) 70.4 (62.9–77.0) 18.3 (16.2–20.6)
Houston, TX 33.9 (31.3–36.6) 34.8 (31.9–37.8) 34.4 (32.3–36.6) 31.4 (29.0–33.9) 53.5 (47.3–59.7) 34.9 (26.7–44.1) 54.6 (51.6–57.7) 65.6 (58.9–71.7) 15.0 (13.0–17.3)
Los Angeles, CA 37.5 (32.0–43.3) 34.4 (29.4–39.9) 35.9 (31.5–40.7) 35.5 (30.8–40.6) 48.1 (36.8–59.6) 27.7 (17.1–41.5) 52.9 (47.4–58.3) 61.2 (43.7–76.3) 20.4 (16.7–24.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL 35.0 (31.6–38.7) 33.1 (28.2–38.4) 34.3 (31.1–37.7) 32.0 (28.7–35.5) 51.6 (44.0–59.1) 35.8 (25.0–48.3) 50.0 (45.6–54.4) 62.1 (55.0–68.8) 13.9 (11.6–16.4)
New York City, NY — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oakland, CA 43.9 (39.7–48.2) 38.0 (33.9–42.2) 40.8 (37.6–44.0) 38.8 (35.5–42.2) 63.3 (53.8–71.9) 30.2 (20.4–42.2) 62.0 (56.9–66.9) 73.6 (65.3–80.4) 22.4 (19.2–26.0)
Orange County, FL 31.6 (28.2–35.3) 33.9 (28.7–39.5) 33.0 (29.3–36.8) 30.5 (26.8–34.5) 44.7 (34.7–55.2) 36.9 (25.6–49.9) 51.6 (46.4–56.8) 60.8 (50.5–70.3) 13.1 (10.7–16.0)
Palm Beach County, FL 36.7 (32.3–41.3) 35.1 (31.5–38.9) 35.9 (33.0–38.9) 32.8 (29.5–36.3) 57.3 (50.7–63.6) 42.9 (32.3–54.2) 55.6 (51.8–59.4) 68.6 (61.3–75.1) 14.9 (12.2–18.0)
Philadelphia, PA 35.9 (29.4–43.0) 32.4 (25.7–39.9) 34.2 (29.3–39.5) 32.0 (27.4–36.9) 51.2 (39.7–62.6) 27.5 (16.2–42.8) 50.1 (44.2–56.0) 62.4 (50.8–72.7) 15.8 (13.0–19.1)
San Diego, CA 37.0 (33.2–41.0) 35.1 (31.2–39.2) 36.1 (33.1–39.2) 35.8 (32.5–39.2) 48.4 (40.1–56.8) 21.4 (14.1–31.2) 57.4 (53.1–61.6) 61.9 (54.8–68.5) 15.4 (13.0–18.3)
San Francisco, CA 26.4 (23.1–30.0) 24.7 (21.3–28.4) 25.6 (22.8–28.7) 25.1 (22.3–28.2) 38.8 (30.4–47.9) 18.7 (12.3–27.3) 54.1 (49.7–58.4) 58.4 (48.6–67.6) 9.9 (8.1–12.1)
Shelby County, TN 42.9 (38.4–47.6) 44.9 (39.6–50.3) 44.0 (40.0–48.1) 41.0 (36.7–45.5) 61.8 (51.9–70.9) 39.2 (26.6–53.4) 59.2 (53.4–64.9) 70.2 (59.3–79.2) 20.5 (16.9–24.6)
Median 37.0 35.1 36.4 35.6 53.6 35.4 55.1 64.0 18.1
Range 26.4–50.7 24.7–44.9 25.6–46.9 25.1–43.1 38.8–68.0 18.7–49.1 50.0–64.0 58.4–82.2 9.9–22.4

* Also called grass, pot, or weed, one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 108. Percentage of high school students who tried marijuana* for the first time before age 13 years, by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 5.3 (4.4–6.3) 8.3 (7.1–9.7) 6.8 (5.8–8.0)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 4.0 (2.8–5.6) 5.5 (4.2–7.2) 4.7 (3.7–6.0)
Black§ 6.8 (4.9–9.4) 12.8 (10.8–15.1) 9.8 (8.1–11.7)
Hispanic 7.5 (5.7–9.9) 12.1 (9.5–15.3) 9.8 (7.7–12.5)
Grade
9 6.0 (4.7–7.7) 8.0 (6.6–9.7) 7.0 (5.8–8.3)
10 5.0 (3.7–6.6) 8.6 (7.0–10.4) 6.7 (5.7–7.9)
11 5.1 (3.5–7.2) 8.2 (6.3–10.5) 6.6 (5.1–8.6)
12 4.8 (3.3–6.8) 8.4 (6.4–10.9) 6.5 (5.1–8.4)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 4.3 (3.6–5.1) 8.2 (6.8–9.8) 6.3 (5.4–7.5)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 10.7 (9.0–12.6) 11.4 (7.2–17.5) 11.1 (9.4–13.0)
Not sure 6.7 (3.6–12.1) 9.6 (6.0–15.2) 8.7 (6.1–12.3)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 6.9 (5.5–8.6) 13.6 (11.4–16.2) 10.6 (9.0–12.4)
Same sex only or both sexes 17.7 (13.6–22.7) 18.8 (12.2–28.0) 18.0 (14.1–22.7)
No sexual contact 1.4 (0.8–2.5) 2.0 (1.4–2.8) 1.7 (1.3–2.2)

* Also called grass, pot, or weed.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 109. Percentage of high school students who tried marijuana* for the first time before age 13 years, by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 10.7 (8.1–14.2) 10.6 (7.5–14.7) 10.7 (8.7–13.0) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona 5.1 (3.3–7.9) 9.7 (7.4–12.7) 7.4 (5.6–9.6) 6.2 (4.8–8.1) 14.4 (8.7–22.7) 8.0 (2.0–27.1) — — — — — —
Arkansas 7.8 (5.5–11.1) 12.7 (10.1–15.7) 10.6 (9.0–12.4) 7.8 (6.3–9.7) 23.3 (14.5–35.4) 8.0 (3.2–18.7) 12.8 (11.0–14.9) 18.6 (10.1–31.8) 2.0 (1.0–3.9)
California 5.1 (3.5–7.5) 7.6 (5.9–9.7) 6.6 (5.2–8.4) 6.3 (4.7–8.3) 7.5 (3.9–14.1) 12.8 (4.5–31.3) 10.0 (6.6–14.9) 11.8 (5.1–24.7) 1.9 (1.2–3.3)
Colorado 5.1 (3.4–7.5) 6.9 (5.0–9.4) 5.9 (4.5–7.7) 5.8 (4.2–7.9) 8.0 (4.3–14.3) 1.7 (0.2–11.9) — — — — — —
Connecticut 2.6 (2.0–3.3) 5.9 (4.3–8.1) 4.4 (3.4–5.6) 3.7 (2.9–4.7) 8.5 (4.8–14.5) 1.9 (0.4–8.0) 6.1 (4.5–8.2) 11.5 (7.9–16.4) 0.8 (0.4–1.8)
Delaware 5.1 (3.7–7.0) 9.7 (8.1–11.6) 7.4 (6.3–8.7) 7.3 (6.0–8.7) 9.3 (5.6–14.8) 9.6 (3.5–23.9) 10.6 (8.8–12.8) 17.2 (12.0–24.1) 1.7 (1.0–2.9)
Florida 4.8 (4.1–5.6) 9.2 (7.8–10.8) 7.1 (6.2–8.1) 6.3 (5.4–7.4) 11.8 (8.9–15.5) 11.2 (7.9–15.7) 10.5 (8.8–12.6) 16.7 (13.4–20.7) 1.9 (1.5–2.5)
Hawaii 7.3 (5.8–9.2) 10.6 (8.4–13.4) 9.1 (7.4–11.0) 7.0 (5.9–8.3) 20.1 (14.4–27.3) 13.7 (7.6–23.4) 13.5 (11.2–16.3) 23.1 (17.0–30.5) 2.0 (1.5–2.7)
Idaho 5.0 (3.3–7.5) 7.0 (4.9–9.8) 6.0 (4.7–7.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 5.6 (4.1–7.7) 7.1 (6.1–8.3) 6.4 (5.3–7.6) 4.8 (3.8–5.9) 17.2 (11.7–24.6) 9.2 (4.7–17.3) 7.8 (6.2–9.8) 25.5 (18.5–34.0) 1.4 (0.8–2.5)
Iowa 4.5 (3.1–6.5) 5.3 (3.3–8.3) 5.1 (3.8–6.8) 3.5 (2.4–5.2) 18.2 (10.7–29.2) 8.3 (2.4–24.6) 5.5 (3.7–8.2) 23.5 (16.9–31.8) 0.9 (0.6–1.3)
Kansas 3.0 (1.9–4.7) 5.8 (3.8–8.8) 4.4 (3.1–6.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 5.8 (4.4–7.7) 8.8 (6.9–11.2) 7.4 (6.0–9.1) 6.4 (4.8–8.5) 15.6 (10.2–23.1) 4.6 (1.2–15.8) 11.0 (7.9–15.2) 17.3 (12.1–24.0) 1.9 (1.1–3.4)
Louisiana 7.5 (5.5–10.3) 10.3 (7.3–14.3) 9.4 (7.7–11.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine 5.6 (4.6–6.7) 7.3 (6.2–8.5) 6.5 (5.6–7.5) 5.6 (4.8–6.5) 11.0 (8.7–13.8) 13.7 (9.7–18.9) 8.7 (7.7–9.8) 19.8 (16.1–24.1) 1.3 (0.9–1.7)
Maryland 5.1 (4.7–5.5) 9.0 (8.4–9.6) 7.3 (6.9–7.7) 5.4 (5.1–5.8) 15.8 (14.4–17.4) 9.9 (8.3–11.8) — — — — — —
Massachusetts 2.8 (2.0–4.1) 6.0 (4.5–7.8) 4.4 (3.5–5.6) 4.1 (3.2–5.3) 7.7 (4.5–13.0) 2.3 (0.8–6.3) 6.8 (4.8–9.6) 6.5 (4.1–10.3) 1.5 (0.9–2.4)
Michigan 5.7 (4.5–7.2) 11.6 (7.5–17.4) 8.6 (6.3–11.8) 8.1 (5.8–11.2) 13.1 (8.2–20.2) 12.2 (6.5–21.6) 13.5 (9.4–19.1) 24.1 (15.5–35.4) 1.6 (0.7–3.9)
Missouri — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 6.6 (4.8–9.0) 7.2 (5.6–9.2) 7.0 (5.5–8.8) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 4.5 (2.6–7.6) 5.8 (3.8–8.7) 5.3 (3.6–7.7) 4.3 (2.7–6.7) 14.2 (6.7–27.8) 4.8 (1.3–16.2) 6.9 (4.4–10.7) 21.8 (10.8–39.2) 2.0 (0.8–4.9)
Nevada 5.8 (4.3–7.8) 9.4 (7.0–12.5) 7.9 (6.1–10.1) 7.2 (5.4–9.6) 11.1 (7.3–16.6) 8.0 (3.2–18.6) 12.3 (8.7–17.2) 13.5 (8.5–20.8) 2.9 (1.8–4.7)
New Hampshire 3.6 (3.0–4.2) 6.8 (6.0–7.6) 5.3 (4.8–5.9) 4.6 (4.1–5.1) 8.9 (7.0–11.1) 10.4 (7.7–13.8) 7.1 (6.4–7.9) 20.0 (16.4–24.0) 1.2 (0.9–1.7)
New Mexico 13.8 (11.7–16.2) 17.4 (14.5–20.6) 15.7 (13.4–18.3) 13.5 (11.5–15.8) 29.1 (24.0–34.8) 23.0 (16.9–30.5) 21.5 (18.2–25.2) 37.0 (29.2–45.7) 6.8 (4.9–9.5)
New York 4.2 (3.3–5.4) 6.4 (4.8–8.6) 5.7 (4.6–7.0) 4.0 (3.5–4.5) 13.1 (8.8–19.1) 10.7 (7.9–14.4) 8.3 (6.7–10.3) 16.9 (13.2–21.3) 0.8 (0.5–1.2)
North Carolina 5.0 (3.6–7.0) 7.8 (6.0–10.1) 6.5 (5.1–8.4) 5.3 (4.1–6.9) 14.2 (9.6–20.6) 11.1 (5.4–21.5) 9.5 (7.4–12.0) 16.0 (9.7–25.1) 1.2 (0.6–2.3)
North Dakota 4.6 (3.0–6.9) 6.6 (5.0–8.8) 5.6 (4.4–7.3) 4.5 (3.4–6.0) 15.0 (10.0–21.9) 6.7 (2.6–16.0) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 5.2 (3.4–7.9) 8.4 (6.2–11.2) 6.8 (5.3–8.6) 6.1 (4.7–8.0) 12.5 (7.3–20.5) 8.9 (2.8–24.5) 9.8 (7.1–13.5) 16.1 (9.6–25.9) 1.8 (1.0–3.1)
Pennsylvania 4.2 (3.1–5.7) 7.4 (5.7–9.7) 5.8 (4.6–7.4) 5.3 (4.1–6.8) 7.9 (4.8–12.6) 8.5 (4.5–15.6) 8.9 (6.7–11.8) 15.3 (10.5–21.8) 1.3 (0.8–2.1)
Rhode Island 5.9 (3.9–8.7) 7.6 (6.2–9.3) 7.1 (5.3–9.3) 6.0 (4.4–8.1) 10.4 (7.1–14.8) 16.1 (6.2–35.7) 9.2 (6.6–12.8) 24.5 (17.3–33.4) 1.3 (0.7–2.7)
South Carolina 5.0 (3.1–8.0) 8.7 (6.5–11.6) 7.3 (5.9–9.0) 5.3 (3.8–7.5) 15.8 (11.9–20.6) 16.3 (7.5–31.9) 8.1 (5.5–11.7) 17.5 (11.4–25.7) 2.2 (1.3–3.8)
Tennessee 4.5 (3.1–6.4) 9.2 (7.1–11.9) 7.1 (5.7–8.8) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 5.9 (4.3–7.9) 9.4 (7.3–12.1) 7.9 (6.3–10.0) 7.1 (5.4–9.2) 12.9 (8.7–18.6) 6.0 (2.4–14.3) 12.9 (10.4–16.0) 15.8 (8.4–27.6) 1.3 (0.6–2.8)
Utah 4.2 (2.9–6.0) 3.6 (2.5–5.3) 4.1 (3.0–5.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont 4.7 (4.3–5.1) 7.0 (6.5–7.5) 6.0 (5.7–6.3) 5.3 (4.9–5.6) 10.6 (9.4–12.1) 9.0 (7.3–11.1) 8.0 (7.4–8.5) 17.9 (15.9–20.1) 1.2 (0.9–1.4)
Virginia 2.9 (2.2–4.0) 7.7 (6.0–9.8) 5.5 (4.3–6.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 7.0 (5.1–9.4) 9.7 (7.1–13.0) 8.8 (6.7–11.3) 7.6 (5.7–10.0) 18.2 (9.5–32.2) 9.6 (5.2–16.8) 12.4 (9.2–16.4) 19.4 (9.9–34.4) 1.3 (0.6–3.1)
Wisconsin 3.6 (2.2–5.9) 7.0 (5.3–9.3) 5.4 (4.1–7.1) 4.5 (3.4–6.0) 10.9 (7.6–15.4) 7.9 (2.9–19.6) 6.9 (5.1–9.2) 16.9 (12.0–23.2) 1.9 (1.2–3.0)
Median 5.1 7.6 6.7 5.7 13.0 9.1 9.4 17.4 1.5
Range 2.6–13.8 3.6–17.4 4.1–15.7 3.5–13.5 7.5–29.1 1.7–23.0 5.5–21.5 6.5–37.0 0.8–6.8
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 12.0 (8.8–16.1) 19.4 (14.2–25.8) 15.9 (12.4–20.2) 12.3 (8.4–17.5) 19.3 (11.8–29.9) 17.0 (8.3–31.4) 18.6 (12.3–27.1) 26.5 (16.2–40.2) 2.8 (1.1–7.4)
Boston, MA 4.4 (3.1–6.2) 10.5 (8.2–13.4) 7.4 (6.0–9.2) 7.4 (5.9–9.2) 7.3 (4.2–12.5) 7.1 (2.7–17.4) 11.3 (8.7–14.4) 16.9 (10.6–26.0) 1.8 (0.9–3.7)
Broward County, FL 3.7 (2.0–6.8) 9.6 (5.5–16.1) 6.9 (4.2–11.3) 5.8 (3.4–9.6) 13.7 (5.3–31.2) 4.7 (1.8–11.9) 6.9 (3.7–12.4) 15.3 (5.6–35.4) 1.8 (0.9–3.5)
Chicago, IL 6.5 (4.4–9.5) 9.3 (6.6–13.0) 8.1 (6.3–10.5) 6.6 (5.1–8.4) 15.2 (9.6–23.3) 9.0 (3.4–21.5) 11.2 (8.1–15.3) 19.0 (12.4–28.0) 1.6 (0.9–2.9)
Cleveland, OH 12.0 (9.5–15.1) 15.5 (12.7–18.8) 14.1 (12.0–16.4) 12.7 (10.6–15.2) 20.8 (14.6–28.8) 13.1 (5.8–26.9) 14.3 (11.3–18.0) 32.4 (25.7–40.0) 4.2 (2.5–6.9)
DeKalb County, GA 6.6 (4.8–8.9) 14.4 (12.1–17.1) 10.5 (8.8–12.5) 8.7 (6.8–11.1) 21.0 (15.1–28.4) 12.4 (6.5–22.4) 13.4 (10.4–17.1) 22.4 (15.1–31.9) 3.0 (1.8–5.0)
Detroit, MI 5.4 (4.0–7.2) 9.9 (7.2–13.6) 7.6 (6.1–9.4) 6.4 (4.7–8.5) 12.4 (8.3–18.0) 9.2 (3.5–22.0) 10.1 (7.5–13.5) 17.0 (11.7–24.0) 1.6 (0.9–2.8)
District of Columbia 11.8 (10.8–13.0) 18.9 (17.5–20.4) 15.9 (15.0–16.8) 14.2 (13.2–15.2) 23.2 (20.6–26.1) 17.4 (13.4–22.3) 17.9 (16.4–19.5) 28.4 (25.2–31.8) 4.2 (3.4–5.1)
Duval County, FL 9.3 (7.9–10.8) 12.2 (10.4–14.3) 11.2 (10.0–12.7) 7.5 (6.4–8.7) 23.3 (18.7–28.6) 17.1 (11.8–24.3) 12.3 (10.4–14.4) 22.7 (18.7–27.3) 2.6 (1.7–3.8)
Ft. Worth, TX 6.0 (4.8–7.4) 11.6 (9.7–13.7) 8.8 (7.7–10.1) 7.7 (6.5–9.0) 17.9 (13.8–22.9) 12.0 (6.8–20.3) 14.1 (11.7–16.8) 23.1 (17.3–30.0) 2.8 (2.0–4.0)
Houston, TX 8.5 (7.1–10.1) 11.8 (10.1–13.7) 10.5 (9.2–11.9) 8.6 (7.4–10.0) 18.7 (14.3–24.2) 16.5 (10.8–24.5) 15.3 (13.0–17.8) 24.4 (18.8–31.1) 3.3 (2.5–4.4)
Los Angeles, CA 6.2 (3.6–10.3) 7.9 (4.9–12.4) 7.2 (5.0–10.3) 6.8 (4.8–9.6) 13.4 (7.4–23.2) 3.6 (0.7–15.4) 10.7 (7.0–16.0) 22.0 (10.1–41.6) 2.3 (1.5–3.6)
Miami-Dade County, FL 4.1 (3.1–5.3) 8.3 (6.2–10.9) 6.4 (5.2–7.9) 4.8 (3.8–6.1) 14.0 (9.7–19.8) 13.8 (7.3–24.5) 8.5 (6.8–10.6) 13.5 (8.7–20.4) 1.2 (0.7–2.2)
New York City, NY 4.9 (4.1–5.7) 8.1 (6.5–9.9) 6.7 (5.6–8.1) 4.8 (3.9–5.8) 15.1 (11.7–19.4) 10.1 (8.0–12.7) 9.6 (8.1–11.4) 23.3 (18.5–28.8) 1.3 (0.9–1.9)
Oakland, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Orange County, FL 4.9 (3.5–6.8) 10.5 (7.8–13.9) 8.0 (6.3–10.1) 5.6 (4.2–7.4) 18.3 (11.9–26.9) 14.9 (7.7–27.0) 11.1 (8.2–14.7) 16.8 (10.9–25.1) 1.2 (0.6–2.5)
Palm Beach County, FL 6.1 (4.6–8.0) 10.5 (8.0–13.8) 8.5 (6.9–10.5) 6.5 (5.0–8.4) 19.7 (14.6–26.1) 15.5 (9.5–24.2) 11.1 (8.1–15.2) 25.4 (18.7–33.5) 2.1 (1.3–3.3)
Philadelphia, PA 5.2 (3.6–7.6) 6.1 (4.0–9.0) 5.7 (4.3–7.4) 4.6 (3.4–6.2) 11.0 (6.4–18.3) 6.7 (2.5–16.8) 7.5 (5.7–9.8) 16.8 (10.2–26.5) 1.3 (0.6–2.7)
San Diego, CA 5.3 (3.8–7.2) 8.4 (6.5–10.7) 6.9 (5.5–8.6) 6.4 (5.0–8.1) 11.1 (7.1–16.9) 5.2 (2.4–11.0) 9.8 (7.3–13.0) 19.9 (13.4–28.5) 1.6 (1.0–2.5)
San Francisco, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shelby County, TN 7.1 (5.8–8.5) 14.4 (11.3–18.1) 10.8 (9.1–12.8) 8.3 (6.5–10.5) 20.4 (14.7–27.6) 18.8 (10.7–30.9) 13.8 (10.4–18.1) 20.6 (14.5–28.5) 2.3 (1.3–4.2)
Median 6.1 10.5 8.1 6.8 17.9 12.4 11.2 22.0 2.1
Range 3.7–12.0 6.1–19.4 5.7–15.9 4.6–14.2 7.3–23.3 3.6–18.8 6.9–18.6 13.5–32.4 1.2–4.2

* Also called grass, pot, or weed.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 110. Percentage of high school students who currently used marijuana,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 19.6 (17.4–22.0) 20.0 (18.2–21.8) 19.8 (18.1–21.6)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 17.2 (14.3–20.7) 18.1 (15.9–20.7) 17.7 (15.5–20.0)
Black§ 25.0 (21.2–29.3) 25.4 (22.5–28.4) 25.3 (22.9–27.9)
Hispanic 23.8 (19.1–29.2) 23.1 (19.6–27.1) 23.4 (19.9–27.4)
Grade
9 13.3 (10.7–16.4) 13.0 (10.8–15.5) 13.1 (11.1–15.4)
10 18.7 (15.9–21.8) 18.7 (16.8–20.9) 18.7 (16.9–20.7)
11 23.3 (19.5–27.7) 21.7 (19.2–24.5) 22.6 (20.2–25.2)
12 23.8 (20.7–27.1) 27.8 (23.4–32.7) 25.7 (22.9–28.7)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 18.1 (16.1–20.3) 20.0 (18.1–22.1) 19.1 (17.5–20.9)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 32.8 (28.5–37.4) 24.0 (18.0–31.1) 30.6 (27.3–34.1)
Not sure 19.3 (12.8–27.9) 16.0 (11.1–22.5) 18.9 (13.9–25.2)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 30.0 (27.1–33.0) 33.4 (30.6–36.3) 31.9 (29.7–34.1)
Same sex only or both sexes 45.4 (38.8–52.2) 37.3 (28.2–47.3) 43.3 (37.3–49.6)
No sexual contact 7.6 (6.0–9.5) 5.1 (3.8–7.0) 6.4 (5.3–7.8)

* Also called grass, pot, or weed, one or more times during the 30 days before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 111. Percentage of high school students who currently used marijuana,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 23.2 (18.4–28.7) 20.0 (16.8–23.7) 21.5 (18.8–24.5) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona 20.2 (14.8–27.1) 18.7 (14.9–23.3) 19.5 (15.5–24.1) 17.2 (13.9–21.3) 37.7 (26.7–50.1) 14.9 (7.2–28.4) — — — — — —
Arkansas 14.7 (10.3–20.5) 14.7 (11.2–19.2) 14.7 (11.8–18.2) 12.6 (9.8–16.0) 24.1 (13.4–39.4) 24.9 (13.3–41.7) 21.1 (16.7–26.3) 31.4 (17.6–49.5) 2.8 (1.6–4.7)
California 20.2 (15.3–26.4) 22.9 (19.2–27.2) 21.8 (17.9–26.2) 20.8 (17.1–25.1) 33.4 (23.0–45.7) 14.6 (6.3–30.4) 36.4 (30.5–42.7) 42.0 (29.5–55.8) 7.6 (5.5–10.3)
Colorado 21.3 (16.6–27.0) 17.6 (13.7–22.3) 19.6 (16.1–23.6) 18.6 (15.5–22.1) 35.4 (27.8–43.8) 15.6 (7.1–31.0) — — — — — —
Connecticut 21.6 (18.4–25.1) 19.3 (15.4–24.0) 20.4 (18.1–23.0) 19.0 (16.3–22.0) 29.3 (23.5–35.7) 23.1 (13.1–37.3) 31.0 (26.1–36.4) 48.0 (40.8–55.3) 7.1 (5.2–9.5)
Delaware 25.6 (22.0–29.6) 26.0 (22.9–29.5) 26.1 (23.4–28.9) 24.7 (22.2–27.5) 37.0 (29.6–45.1) 20.6 (10.6–36.3) 37.4 (34.5–40.3) 46.5 (37.9–55.4) 8.3 (6.3–11.0)
Florida 18.5 (16.8–20.3) 21.8 (20.0–23.8) 20.2 (18.9–21.7) 19.0 (17.5–20.5) 30.7 (27.8–33.7) 22.8 (17.8–28.8) 33.0 (30.6–35.4) 43.4 (38.7–48.1) 5.9 (5.1–6.8)
Hawaii 16.8 (14.5–19.4) 18.7 (16.3–21.2) 18.1 (16.1–20.3) 16.1 (14.3–18.1) 27.7 (23.1–32.7) 18.6 (13.0–25.8) 29.7 (27.1–32.5) 41.5 (34.4–48.9) 6.3 (5.3–7.5)
Idaho 17.4 (14.2–21.1) 15.0 (11.9–18.8) 16.2 (13.5–19.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 23.7 (18.8–29.4) 17.9 (14.7–21.5) 20.8 (17.3–24.8) 19.1 (15.8–22.9) 36.8 (26.1–49.1) 17.0 (9.3–29.1) 31.4 (26.9–36.2) 57.1 (43.3–69.9) 6.5 (4.8–8.6)
Iowa 14.0 (9.6–19.8) 12.0 (8.7–16.4) 13.2 (9.7–17.7) 11.2 (8.3–14.9) 26.1 (15.4–40.7) 22.9 (7.2–53.4) 19.0 (14.2–24.9) 32.8 (17.5–52.8) 3.6 (2.1–6.0)
Kansas 13.2 (11.7–14.9) 13.7 (10.7–17.5) 13.5 (11.8–15.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 16.7 (13.8–20.1) 14.6 (11.4–18.5) 15.8 (13.1–18.9) 14.4 (11.8–17.5) 29.0 (19.7–40.4) 11.8 (5.7–22.6) 25.7 (20.7–31.3) 41.4 (32.5–50.9) 3.3 (2.1–5.3)
Louisiana 18.9 (13.9–25.1) 18.3 (14.3–23.3) 18.8 (15.0–23.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine 18.8 (17.1–20.7) 18.6 (16.8–20.5) 18.8 (17.3–20.3) 17.3 (15.7–19.0) 30.4 (28.3–32.5) 17.6 (13.5–22.5) 28.1 (25.8–30.6) 41.9 (38.4–45.5) 4.9 (4.0–5.9)
Maryland 19.0 (18.1–19.9) 17.6 (16.9–18.5) 18.4 (17.8–19.1) 16.7 (16.1–17.3) 29.7 (27.8–31.7) 15.6 (13.6–17.7) — — — — — —
Massachusetts 23.2 (19.8–26.9) 24.9 (21.6–28.6) 24.1 (21.4–27.0) 23.4 (20.6–26.3) 34.8 (28.2–42.0) 17.7 (10.7–27.8) 39.0 (35.0–43.1) 49.2 (41.8–56.5) 7.5 (5.9–9.5)
Michigan 25.3 (19.7–31.8) 22.0 (17.2–27.7) 23.7 (19.0–29.2) 21.5 (16.5–27.6) 44.5 (35.0–54.4) 24.3 (15.7–35.7) 35.6 (29.6–42.0) 61.0 (53.0–68.4) 6.6 (4.1–10.6)
Missouri 19.5 (14.8–25.2) 19.8 (15.9–24.3) 19.9 (16.8–23.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 20.5 (18.2–23.0) 18.9 (16.8–21.2) 19.8 (18.0–21.8) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 13.0 (10.0–16.6) 13.6 (10.4–17.7) 13.4 (10.9–16.4) 12.6 (10.1–15.6) 25.4 (16.0–37.8) 9.5 (4.2–20.2) 22.9 (18.4–28.2) 50.6 (36.3–64.8) 3.9 (2.2–7.1)
Nevada 20.0 (17.2–23.1) 15.4 (11.7–20.1) 17.9 (15.1–21.1) 16.1 (13.3–19.5) 26.9 (19.8–35.4) 19.1 (10.6–31.9) 28.1 (23.1–33.7) 37.8 (28.8–47.7) 6.7 (4.4–10.0)
New Hampshire 21.9 (20.4–23.4) 24.0 (22.3–25.9) 23.1 (21.8–24.4) 22.4 (21.0–23.8) 29.4 (26.3–32.6) 22.5 (18.2–27.6) 35.3 (33.7–37.0) 49.9 (45.5–54.3) 7.0 (6.0–8.2)
New Mexico 27.1 (23.6–31.0) 27.4 (23.8–31.2) 27.3 (24.1–30.8) 24.4 (21.5–27.7) 46.7 (39.3–54.3) 31.9 (25.1–39.5) 39.4 (35.3–43.8) 56.9 (49.9–63.6) 12.2 (10.5–14.2)
New York 20.2 (17.7–22.9) 16.2 (14.0–18.6) 18.4 (16.6–20.3) 17.0 (15.0–19.2) 26.7 (21.4–32.8) 20.4 (17.2–24.2) 32.5 (29.6–35.6) 44.9 (38.2–51.7) 6.5 (5.6–7.6)
North Carolina 19.5 (15.7–23.9) 19.0 (15.9–22.6) 19.3 (16.3–22.7) 17.9 (14.9–21.4) 32.2 (26.9–38.1) 12.9 (6.7–23.4) 29.2 (25.8–32.8) 39.8 (30.6–49.8) 5.8 (3.9–8.6)
North Dakota 16.0 (13.5–18.9) 15.0 (12.4–18.2) 15.5 (13.4–17.9) 14.2 (12.0–16.6) 28.8 (22.3–36.3) 14.0 (7.9–23.6) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 16.4 (12.8–20.9) 15.4 (11.6–20.2) 15.9 (12.6–19.8) 14.1 (10.7–18.4) 30.8 (21.4–42.2) 15.1 (6.1–32.8) 23.6 (17.8–30.6) 33.7 (24.1–44.8) 4.4 (3.1–6.2)
Pennsylvania 17.1 (14.4–20.1) 18.3 (15.5–21.5) 17.7 (15.4–20.2) 17.6 (15.5–20.0) 22.8 (16.4–30.6) 7.5 (3.9–13.8) 29.8 (26.0–33.8) 30.6 (23.1–39.3) 5.1 (3.7–7.0)
Rhode Island 23.4 (18.5–29.1) 22.6 (19.6–26.0) 23.3 (20.7–26.1) 22.4 (20.2–24.8) 30.6 (20.2–43.4) 22.0 (11.3–38.4) 38.3 (34.7–42.0) 47.8 (34.9–61.1) 6.3 (4.2–9.4)
South Carolina 19.0 (14.7–24.2) 18.2 (13.9–23.4) 18.6 (15.9–21.7) 15.3 (12.8–18.1) 38.9 (30.1–48.6) 19.3 (11.1–31.3) 25.0 (21.3–29.0) 54.2 (41.3–66.5) 4.6 (3.4–6.2)
Tennessee 18.9 (16.3–21.7) 17.3 (15.0–20.0) 18.1 (16.2–20.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 16.0 (12.8–19.6) 17.6 (15.0–20.6) 17.0 (14.5–19.8) 15.0 (12.8–17.5) 30.2 (22.6–38.9) 17.5 (11.8–25.3) 26.8 (23.6–30.4) 35.9 (25.7–47.6) 4.4 (3.3–5.7)
Utah 7.6 (5.6–10.1) 8.1 (5.6–11.6) 8.1 (6.4–10.1) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont 22.6 (21.8–23.4) 24.1 (23.2–24.9) 23.5 (22.9–24.1) 22.6 (22.0–23.2) 32.5 (30.5–34.6) 22.2 (19.6–25.1) 34.3 (33.4–35.2) 49.6 (46.8–52.4) 6.4 (5.9–6.9)
Virginia 16.2 (14.1–18.6) 16.6 (14.3–19.2) 16.5 (14.7–18.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 17.6 (14.6–21.0) 18.8 (14.2–24.5) 18.5 (15.4–22.1) 17.3 (14.1–21.0) 29.6 (21.6–39.1) 19.0 (8.5–37.2) 26.8 (22.4–31.7) 39.2 (25.3–55.1) 5.4 (3.6–8.2)
Wisconsin 14.9 (11.9–18.4) 17.0 (13.1–21.9) 16.0 (12.9–19.6) 15.5 (12.3–19.5) 19.1 (14.4–25.0) 13.6 (8.4–21.3) 25.0 (19.6–31.4) 35.3 (26.5–45.2) 4.9 (3.7–6.5)
Median 19.0 18.3 18.6 17.3 30.3 18.1 29.7 42.7 6.1
Range 7.6–27.1 8.1–27.4 8.1–27.3 11.2–24.7 19.1–46.7 7.5–31.9 19.0–39.4 30.6–61.0 2.8–12.2
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 28.5 (22.5–35.4) 24.4 (17.6–32.8) 26.8 (22.4–31.7) 24.1 (19.2–29.7) 37.0 (25.5–50.1) 26.5 (14.0–44.5) 36.7 (30.8–43.1) 50.3 (39.7–60.8) 8.8 (5.3–14.1)
Boston, MA 24.3 (20.1–29.1) 24.4 (20.3–29.1) 24.4 (21.2–27.8) 22.5 (19.3–26.1) 41.1 (32.9–49.8) 23.5 (14.5–35.7) 36.0 (31.1–41.3) 44.6 (36.1–53.4) 9.8 (7.2–13.3)
Broward County, FL 19.8 (14.3–26.7) 21.9 (15.7–29.8) 20.9 (16.0–26.9) 19.5 (14.5–25.8) 30.8 (20.4–43.6) 16.1 (7.5–31.2) 29.1 (21.7–37.8) 38.2 (24.9–53.6) 9.5 (5.3–16.2)
Chicago, IL 26.2 (22.1–30.8) 22.4 (18.1–27.3) 24.7 (21.6–28.0) 22.4 (19.3–25.9) 36.8 (30.1–44.0) 25.0 (15.0–38.5) 37.3 (33.0–41.9) 53.3 (44.0–62.4) 8.9 (6.4–12.2)
Cleveland, OH 28.5 (24.1–33.3) 22.5 (19.2–26.1) 25.4 (22.4–28.6) 23.4 (20.4–26.6) 38.2 (29.9–47.3) 23.6 (13.5–38.0) 31.1 (26.4–36.1) 49.9 (41.5–58.3) 8.4 (6.1–11.3)
DeKalb County, GA 21.8 (17.9–26.4) 25.3 (21.8–29.1) 23.6 (20.7–26.8) 21.0 (18.1–24.2) 43.0 (36.0–50.2) 21.0 (13.4–31.3) 33.4 (29.3–37.9) 48.7 (39.0–58.5) 8.4 (6.0–11.7)
Detroit, MI 22.9 (18.7–27.8) 20.3 (15.5–26.1) 21.8 (18.4–25.6) 19.9 (16.5–23.8) 33.2 (23.7–44.4) 22.4 (11.1–39.9) 32.4 (27.0–38.3) 40.1 (30.2–50.8) 8.3 (6.1–11.4)
District of Columbia 33.1 (31.6–34.7) 32.0 (30.3–33.7) 33.0 (31.8–34.1) 30.5 (29.3–31.8) 46.7 (43.5–49.9) 31.6 (26.7–37.0) 43.1 (41.2–45.1) 53.9 (50.2–57.6) 12.3 (11.1–13.6)
Duval County, FL 23.3 (20.9–25.8) 22.0 (19.5–24.7) 23.1 (21.2–25.1) 18.8 (16.9–20.7) 37.6 (32.7–42.8) 28.3 (21.2–36.7) 31.2 (28.3–34.3) 42.5 (37.8–47.3) 5.5 (4.3–7.1)
Ft. Worth, TX 17.5 (15.6–19.7) 19.9 (17.8–22.2) 18.8 (17.2–20.4) 17.3 (15.7–19.1) 32.5 (26.9–38.6) 15.2 (9.5–23.4) 31.3 (28.7–34.1) 43.3 (36.9–50.0) 6.9 (5.5–8.7)
Houston, TX 17.0 (15.0–19.2) 17.8 (15.5–20.3) 17.4 (15.9–19.1) 15.1 (13.4–16.9) 29.0 (23.8–34.9) 25.7 (18.4–34.8) 28.6 (25.6–31.8) 41.0 (34.1–48.3) 5.9 (4.7–7.3)
Los Angeles, CA 19.2 (14.9–24.4) 19.0 (15.2–23.4) 19.1 (16.4–22.1) 18.4 (15.7–21.5) 29.2 (18.1–43.3) 16.8 (6.7–36.1) 28.8 (25.9–31.9) 44.2 (26.5–63.4) 9.0 (5.6–14.3)
Miami-Dade County, FL 18.6 (16.2–21.4) 19.4 (16.4–22.8) 19.2 (17.2–21.5) 17.7 (15.4–20.2) 28.8 (23.3–35.0) 21.5 (13.5–32.6) 28.4 (25.3–31.8) 36.9 (30.9–43.3) 6.4 (4.8–8.4)
New York City, NY 16.4 (14.7–18.2) 15.3 (13.5–17.3) 16.2 (14.7–17.8) 14.0 (12.6–15.6) 30.2 (25.7–35.1) 16.7 (13.7–20.1) 28.3 (25.1–31.8) 43.3 (36.9–49.9) 6.0 (4.8–7.4)
Oakland, CA 26.8 (23.1–30.7) 23.9 (20.3–27.8) 25.3 (22.7–28.1) 23.8 (21.0–26.7) 42.5 (33.9–51.5) 18.6 (10.3–31.2) 40.4 (35.3–45.8) 49.6 (39.2–60.0) 12.1 (9.4–15.5)
Orange County, FL 15.7 (13.0–18.8) 19.6 (15.6–24.2) 17.8 (15.1–20.9) 16.5 (13.8–19.7) 22.0 (16.0–29.4) 17.9 (9.3–31.6) 28.6 (23.8–33.9) 30.9 (21.7–41.7) 6.0 (4.5–8.1)
Palm Beach County, FL 19.9 (16.9–23.2) 20.2 (17.2–23.6) 20.1 (17.9–22.6) 17.8 (15.4–20.5) 33.7 (27.9–39.9) 27.3 (19.0–37.5) 31.2 (27.5–35.0) 46.1 (38.1–54.3) 7.0 (5.3–9.3)
Philadelphia, PA 21.6 (17.2–26.7) 14.0 (10.2–18.8) 17.9 (15.1–21.0) 16.1 (13.5–19.1) 29.1 (21.2–38.5) 18.7 (9.3–34.0) 26.3 (21.7–31.5) 36.7 (26.2–48.7) 6.6 (4.9–8.9)
San Diego, CA 22.3 (19.2–25.7) 18.2 (15.6–21.2) 20.2 (18.0–22.6) 19.3 (17.0–21.8) 34.8 (26.8–43.7) 12.7 (7.8–20.0) 33.3 (29.9–37.0) 44.7 (35.7–53.9) 5.9 (4.6–7.6)
San Francisco, CA 16.1 (13.3–19.2) 15.0 (12.4–18.1) 15.5 (13.4–17.9) 15.2 (13.0–17.6) 25.0 (18.2–33.3) 8.9 (5.2–14.8) 32.1 (28.1–36.4) 40.9 (33.0–49.4) 5.9 (4.6–7.5)
Shelby County, TN 23.8 (20.1–27.9) 25.5 (21.0–30.5) 24.7 (21.5–28.3) 22.0 (18.7–25.7) 39.1 (31.6–47.2) 28.2 (17.0–43.0) 35.0 (29.7–40.7) 42.9 (34.9–51.2) 9.1 (6.6–12.3)
Median 21.8 20.3 20.9 19.3 33.7 21.5 31.3 43.3 8.3
Range 15.7–33.1 14.0–32.0 15.5–33.0 14.0–30.5 22.0–46.7 8.9–31.6 26.3–43.1 30.9–53.9 5.5–12.3

* Also called grass, pot, or weed, one or more times during the 30 days before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 112. Percentage of high school students who ever used synthetic marijuana,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 6.3 (5.3–7.6) 7.3 (6.3–8.4) 6.9 (5.9–7.9)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 5.8 (4.6–7.3) 5.9 (4.9–7.2) 5.9 (5.0–7.0)
Black§ 4.2 (2.9–6.1) 8.4 (6.3–11.0) 6.3 (4.8–8.3)
Hispanic 8.9 (6.5–12.1) 9.3 (7.3–11.9) 9.1 (7.0–11.8)
Grade
9 5.6 (4.0–7.8) 5.4 (3.7–7.9) 5.5 (4.1–7.4)
10 6.0 (4.8–7.5) 8.4 (6.1–11.4) 7.2 (5.7–9.1)
11 6.9 (5.4–8.9) 6.6 (5.3–8.3) 6.8 (5.8–8.0)
12 6.7 (5.1–8.9) 8.6 (6.9–10.6) 7.6 (6.3–9.3)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 5.4 (4.3–6.6) 6.6 (5.6–7.8) 6.0 (5.1–7.1)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 11.8 (9.8–14.2) 14.4 (9.7–20.8) 12.7 (10.5–15.2)
Not sure 7.2 (4.2–12.0) 15.4 (10.9–21.2) 11.1 (7.9–15.4)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 8.5 (7.2–10.0) 11.5 (9.7–13.6) 10.2 (8.8–11.7)
Same sex only or both sexes 19.6 (16.5–23.1) 17.5 (11.5–25.8) 19.1 (16.0–22.6)
No sexual contact 1.9 (1.3–2.8) 1.5 (1.0–2.4) 1.7 (1.3–2.3)

* Also called “K2,” “Spice,” “fake weed,” “King Kong,” “Yucatan Fire,” “Skunk,” or “Moon Rocks,” one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 113. Percentage of high school students who ever used synthetic marijuana,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 6.3 (4.4–8.9) 6.2 (4.6–8.3) 6.3 (5.0–7.8) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arkansas 15.3 (7.3–29.3) 18.4 (10.1–31.2) 17.3 (9.4–29.5) 13.0 (7.0–23.1) 37.7 (21.0–57.9) 17.4 (9.0–31.0) 18.0 (10.6–29.1) 40.0 (22.9–59.9) 0.7 (0.2–2.6)
California 3.9 (2.7–5.8) 6.5 (5.0–8.4) 5.6 (4.5–6.9) 5.1 (4.1–6.3) 8.0 (4.0–15.6) 7.6 (1.8–26.6) 7.2 (5.0–10.4) 19.2 (12.8–27.8) 1.4 (0.7–2.8)
Colorado — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Connecticut 4.8 (3.5–6.6) 6.9 (5.0–9.4) 5.9 (4.5–7.6) 4.4 (3.2–6.0) 13.0 (8.1–20.2) 12.7 (6.2–24.3) 7.7 (5.7–10.2) 18.9 (11.7–29.0) 0.7 (0.3–1.8)
Delaware 5.3 (4.0–7.1) 5.3 (4.0–7.0) 5.4 (4.3–6.6) 4.6 (3.5–5.9) 11.4 (7.4–17.3) 13.3 (6.3–26.1) 7.4 (5.8–9.4) 18.5 (12.1–27.1) 0.4 (0.2–0.9)
Florida — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hawaii 3.7 (2.9–4.7) 8.0 (6.0–10.7) 6.3 (5.1–7.7) 4.2 (3.4–5.2) 16.2 (12.0–21.5) 11.6 (8.0–16.6) 7.3 (5.7–9.3) 18.7 (12.4–27.2) 1.4 (0.8–2.4)
Idaho 7.2 (5.4–9.6) 6.3 (4.7–8.3) 6.8 (5.3–8.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Iowa 4.5 (2.7–7.2) 5.2 (2.9–9.0) 5.1 (3.6–7.1) 3.5 (2.4–5.0) 17.2 (8.7–31.3) 12.6 (4.8–29.3) 5.8 (4.6–7.3) 22.2 (9.3–44.2) 0.3 (0.1–1.4)
Kansas 3.4 (2.3–4.9) 6.1 (4.2–8.7) 4.8 (3.5–6.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 7.5 (5.5–10.2) 7.6 (5.4–10.7) 7.9 (6.2–10.1) 6.4 (4.7–8.6) 17.1 (12.1–23.6) 13.1 (5.4–28.5) 10.5 (7.7–14.2) 24.2 (16.9–33.4) 1.0 (0.5–1.9)
Louisiana 7.6 (5.0–11.4) 15.9 (12.5–20.2) 12.1 (9.5–15.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maryland 5.5 (5.1–5.9) 7.6 (7.1–8.2) 6.9 (6.5–7.3) 4.7 (4.4–5.1) 16.1 (14.6–17.7) 11.4 (9.7–13.4) — — — — — —
Massachusetts 4.2 (3.3–5.3) 5.7 (4.5–7.2) 5.0 (4.4–5.6) 4.3 (3.6–5.0) 9.2 (6.2–13.5) 7.6 (3.4–16.1) 7.8 (6.8–8.9) 13.1 (9.1–18.5) 0.5 (0.2–1.2)
Michigan 8.2 (4.9–13.3) 7.9 (4.9–12.5) 8.1 (5.3–12.2) 5.9 (3.7–9.2) 22.8 (15.9–31.5) 17.4 (8.4–32.4) 10.3 (6.7–15.4) 32.7 (20.8–47.2) 1.5 (0.7–3.2)
Missouri — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 7.3 (6.1–8.7) 7.2 (5.9–8.7) 7.3 (6.3–8.6) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 3.5 (2.2–5.5) 6.2 (4.3–9.0) 5.2 (3.8–7.1) 3.6 (2.5–5.1) 19.9 (11.1–33.1) 8.2 (3.3–19.0) 8.4 (5.8–11.9) 17.5 (10.4–28.0) 0.5 (0.2–1.2)
Nevada 6.7 (4.8–9.3) 7.4 (5.6–9.8) 7.3 (6.1–8.8) 6.0 (4.7–7.5) 12.8 (7.9–20.0) 13.2 (5.8–27.4) 9.8 (8.1–11.8) 23.0 (16.4–31.4) 1.9 (1.2–3.0)
New Hampshire 4.9 (4.3–5.7) 6.0 (5.3–6.8) 5.6 (5.1–6.2) 4.7 (4.2–5.3) 10.5 (8.2–13.2) 11.7 (8.5–16.0) 7.7 (6.9–8.6) 22.1 (18.2–26.6) 0.9 (0.6–1.4)
New Mexico — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New York 5.1 (4.3–5.9) 6.4 (5.0–8.2) 6.2 (5.3–7.3) 4.2 (3.5–4.9) 15.6 (11.7–20.5) 12.2 (9.1–16.1) 7.0 (5.7–8.5) 19.9 (15.2–25.4) 1.2 (0.7–1.9)
North Carolina — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Dakota 7.0 (5.2–9.4) 6.5 (4.7–9.0) 7.0 (5.4–8.9) 6.1 (4.6–8.0) 14.3 (9.5–20.9) 8.3 (3.6–18.1) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 7.9 (5.9–10.4) 8.0 (5.8–11.0) 7.9 (6.4–9.7) 7.6 (5.9–9.8) 12.8 (7.7–20.6) 2.6 (0.7–9.4) 11.7 (9.0–15.2) 19.4 (14.0–26.3) 1.9 (0.9–4.0)
Pennsylvania 6.0 (4.6–7.8) 6.8 (5.1–8.9) 6.5 (5.2–8.0) 5.6 (4.3–7.2) 12.5 (8.6–17.9) 6.6 (3.2–13.1) 9.3 (7.0–12.1) 19.9 (14.9–26.0) 1.1 (0.6–2.0)
Rhode Island 4.6 (2.6–7.9) 6.7 (5.4–8.3) 6.0 (4.5–8.0) 5.1 (3.6–7.0) 7.4 (3.5–15.0) 16.8 (8.5–30.3) 8.6 (6.8–10.9) 17.7 (12.3–24.9) 0.8 (0.5–1.5)
South Carolina 7.3 (5.3–9.9) 10.6 (8.0–13.9) 9.4 (7.4–11.9) 6.9 (5.1–9.3) 19.2 (15.5–23.5) 19.8 (9.9–35.5) 11.0 (8.1–14.7) 23.8 (17.4–31.6) 1.8 (0.8–4.1)
Tennessee 4.8 (3.5–6.6) 8.6 (6.7–10.9) 7.1 (5.9–8.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 6.3 (4.8–8.2) 8.8 (7.2–10.8) 7.8 (6.5–9.4) 6.9 (5.7–8.5) 12.2 (7.3–19.8) 9.4 (3.6–22.6) 12.1 (10.1–14.3) 14.0 (6.8–26.9) 1.6 (0.9–2.8)
Utah 4.7 (3.3–6.7) 5.7 (4.1–7.9) 5.3 (3.9–7.1) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Virginia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 5.7 (4.0–8.0) 10.0 (7.1–13.9) 8.3 (6.1–11.1) 7.2 (5.4–9.7) 14.8 (7.6–26.9) 13.8 (5.2–31.6) 11.4 (8.2–15.7) 19.0 (10.6–31.6) 0.8 (0.3–2.3)
Wisconsin — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Median 5.6 6.8 6.6 5.1 14.3 12.2 8.6 19.4 1.0
Range 3.4–15.3 5.2–18.4 4.8–17.3 3.5–13.0 7.4–37.7 2.6–19.8 5.8–18.0 13.1–40.0 0.3–1.9
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 6.1 (3.9–9.3) 14.0 (9.7–19.7) 10.4 (7.6–14.2) 6.8 (4.6–9.8) 20.6 (13.6–30.0) 10.7 (3.4–28.7) 9.2 (5.8–14.3) 23.5 (13.1–38.3) 0.6 (0.1–2.7)
Boston, MA 4.3 (2.7–6.8) 5.6 (4.0–7.7) 4.9 (3.7–6.6) 4.0 (2.8–5.6) 10.5 (5.7–18.6) 6.4 (2.5–15.4) 5.8 (4.0–8.3) 10.5 (5.7–18.7) 1.4 (0.7–2.6)
Broward County, FL 3.6 (1.9–6.9) 6.6 (3.9–11.0) 5.5 (3.7–8.1) 3.8 (2.2–6.5) 11.4 (5.7–21.5) 13.6 (5.0–31.8) 3.8 (2.0–7.1) 15.3 (7.6–28.2) 1.9 (1.1–3.3)
Chicago, IL — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Cleveland, OH — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DeKalb County, GA 3.0 (2.0–4.5) 8.2 (6.3–10.6) 5.6 (4.5–7.1) 4.2 (3.0–5.8) 10.2 (6.3–16.0) 8.6 (3.6–19.0) 7.4 (5.4–10.1) 11.6 (7.2–18.3) 0.8 (0.3–1.8)
Detroit, MI 4.3 (3.0–6.0) 8.3 (5.6–12.1) 6.3 (4.7–8.4) 4.3 (2.7–6.7) 13.7 (8.2–22.1) 11.1 (4.5–25.0) 7.4 (5.0–11.0) 16.3 (11.0–23.4) 0.9 (0.4–2.1)
District of Columbia 5.0 (4.3–5.8) 7.7 (6.8–8.7) 7.0 (6.4–7.7) 5.4 (4.8–6.1) 12.2 (10.1–14.6) 12.1 (8.8–16.4) 5.7 (4.8–6.7) 15.0 (12.6–17.8) 0.9 (0.6–1.4)
Duval County, FL 5.8 (4.6–7.3) 8.5 (6.8–10.7) 7.7 (6.5–9.2) 3.6 (2.8–4.5) 17.9 (13.7–23.0) 23.4 (16.7–31.8) 6.8 (5.5–8.5) 17.3 (13.5–21.8) 0.7 (0.3–1.5)
Ft. Worth, TX 8.6 (7.1–10.4) 8.5 (7.1–10.2) 8.8 (7.7–10.1) 6.8 (5.7–8.0) 24.1 (19.0–30.0) 13.2 (7.8–21.4) 12.2 (10.1–14.7) 25.4 (19.4–32.5) 2.8 (2.0–4.0)
Houston, TX 7.0 (5.3–9.1) 9.8 (8.0–12.0) 8.6 (7.1–10.4) 6.5 (5.0–8.6) 15.7 (12.3–19.8) 16.9 (10.5–26.0) 11.4 (9.3–13.9) 24.7 (18.2–32.7) 1.8 (1.1–2.9)
Los Angeles, CA 4.9 (3.3–7.2) 7.9 (6.0–10.3) 6.5 (5.0–8.5) 6.4 (4.7–8.7) 9.5 (3.7–22.4) 5.4 (1.4–18.9) 10.6 (7.8–14.4) 17.7 (9.5–30.6) 1.7 (0.8–3.6)
Miami-Dade County, FL 5.1 (3.9–6.7) 9.2 (6.9–12.3) 7.6 (6.0–9.6) 4.8 (3.9–5.9) 20.1 (13.0–29.6) 25.0 (17.0–35.1) 8.0 (6.3–10.1) 24.2 (16.3–34.4) 0.9 (0.4–2.0)
New York City, NY 4.0 (3.1–5.1) 6.4 (5.3–7.7) 5.4 (4.5–6.5) 3.8 (3.3–4.4) 11.6 (8.1–16.5) 9.5 (7.4–12.1) 7.3 (5.7–9.3) 19.0 (15.1–23.7) 1.1 (0.7–1.7)
Oakland, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Orange County, FL 4.2 (2.9–6.0) 8.2 (5.8–11.4) 6.8 (5.2–8.9) 4.2 (2.9–6.2) 18.3 (11.9–27.0) 15.8 (7.4–30.5) 8.1 (5.5–11.7) 18.6 (12.3–27.0) 1.7 (0.8–3.4)
Palm Beach County, FL 6.6 (5.2–8.3) 6.6 (4.9–8.8) 6.9 (5.7–8.3) 4.1 (3.2–5.3) 21.4 (16.0–27.9) 16.3 (9.5–26.5) 8.3 (6.3–10.8) 25.6 (18.9–33.8) 0.5 (0.2–1.2)
Philadelphia, PA 4.2 (3.0–5.9) 8.4 (4.7–14.8) 6.3 (3.9–10.1) 4.6 (2.9–7.2) 14.0 (8.3–22.5) 14.9 (2.9–50.6) 4.6 (3.2–6.6) 21.5 (11.3–37.2) 1.9 (0.9–4.2)
San Diego, CA 6.2 (4.9–7.8) 6.0 (4.3–8.2) 6.2 (5.0–7.5) 5.5 (4.4–6.8) 11.5 (7.6–17.0) 4.7 (2.0–10.8) 10.3 (8.0–13.0) 16.5 (10.7–24.6) 0.5 (0.2–1.1)
San Francisco, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shelby County, TN 7.5 (5.5–10.1) 12.3 (9.9–15.1) 10.4 (8.6–12.6) 7.1 (5.6–8.9) 21.6 (15.9–28.8) 20.1 (11.6–32.4) 10.6 (8.2–13.5) 24.4 (18.2–32.0) 0.6 (0.2–1.7)
Median 5.0 8.2 6.8 4.6 14.0 13.2 8.0 18.6 0.9
Range 3.0–8.6 5.6–14.0 4.9–10.4 3.6–7.1 9.5–24.1 4.7–25.0 3.8–12.2 10.5–25.6 0.5–2.8

* Also called “K2,” “Spice,” “fake weed,” “King Kong,” “Yucatan Fire,” “Skunk,” or “Moon Rocks,” one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 114. Percentage of high school students who ever used cocaine,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 3.5 (2.9–4.2) 6.1 (5.3–6.9) 4.8 (4.2–5.6)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 3.4 (2.6–4.5) 5.5 (4.5–6.7) 4.4 (3.6–5.5)
Black§ 1.2 (0.7–2.3) 4.2 (2.7–6.4) 2.8 (1.9–4.0)
Hispanic 4.6 (3.6–5.8) 8.1 (6.2–10.4) 6.3 (5.1–7.9)
Grade
9 2.3 (1.6–3.3) 3.6 (2.7–4.7) 2.9 (2.2–3.8)
10 2.3 (1.5–3.5) 5.5 (3.8–8.0) 3.9 (2.9–5.3)
11 4.1 (2.9–5.6) 6.6 (5.4–8.0) 5.4 (4.5–6.5)
12 5.3 (4.0–7.1) 8.7 (6.9–11.0) 7.0 (5.6–8.7)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 3.0 (2.5–3.6) 5.2 (4.4–6.2) 4.2 (3.6–4.9)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 5.6 (4.3–7.2) 14.6 (10.2–20.6) 8.0 (6.2–10.3)
Not sure 6.0 (3.1–11.5) 15.1 (10.0–22.3) 10.4 (6.8–15.7)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 4.6 (3.6–5.8) 9.2 (7.8–10.8) 7.1 (6.1–8.3)
Same sex only or both sexes 11.9 (9.0–15.7) 21.3 (14.0–30.9) 14.4 (11.0–18.5)
No sexual contact 0.8 (0.5–1.2) 0.8 (0.5–1.2) 0.8 (0.6–1.1)

* Any form of cocaine, such as powder, crack, or freebase, one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 115. Percentage of high school students who ever used cocaine,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 3.6 (2.0–6.3) 4.3 (2.9–6.4) 4.0 (2.8–5.7) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona 5.0 (3.3–7.6) 6.0 (3.6–9.8) 5.6 (4.0–8.0) 5.0 (3.7–6.9) 9.2 (4.6–17.4) 4.9 (0.8–25.5) — — — — — —
Arkansas 6.3 (3.9–10.0) 11.4 (9.5–13.6) 9.4 (7.7–11.6) 5.8 (4.2–7.9) 20.6 (13.6–29.9) 27.5 (13.9–47.2) 8.0 (5.9–10.8) 16.5 (8.9–28.7) 0.7 (0.2–2.2)
California — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Colorado 5.1 (3.4–7.5) 4.9 (3.0–8.0) 5.1 (3.7–6.9) 4.7 (3.2–6.8) 7.0 (4.8–10.2) 17.3 (9.4–29.8) — — — — — —
Connecticut 2.5 (1.8–3.4) 5.1 (3.7–6.9) 3.8 (2.9–5.0) 2.4 (1.7–3.4) 8.0 (4.5–13.7) 7.7 (2.9–18.9) 4.1 (3.0–5.5) 12.6 (7.2–21.0) 0.5 (0.2–1.3)
Delaware 2.1 (1.2–3.6) 3.5 (2.4–5.1) 2.9 (2.1–3.9) 2.2 (1.5–3.4) 5.1 (2.7–9.4) 13.1 (5.6–27.8) 3.2 (2.0–5.0) 13.9 (7.9–23.2) 0.1 (0.0–0.4)
Florida 3.4 (2.7–4.2) 5.8 (4.7–7.2) 4.7 (4.0–5.5) 3.3 (2.7–4.0) 9.7 (7.3–12.9) 14.2 (10.2–19.3) 5.9 (4.8–7.1) 16.4 (12.7–20.8) 0.6 (0.3–0.9)
Hawaii 4.5 (3.6–5.7) 8.6 (6.8–10.8) 7.1 (5.8–8.7) 5.2 (4.1–6.6) 15.3 (11.9–19.5) 9.7 (5.9–15.5) 9.9 (8.3–11.8) 16.1 (11.9–21.6) 1.0 (0.6–1.6)
Idaho — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 5.6 (3.8–8.1) 6.8 (5.2–8.8) 6.4 (4.8–8.3) 4.5 (3.1–6.4) 16.3 (11.6–22.4) 7.5 (3.5–15.0) 7.4 (5.2–10.5) 24.5 (19.2–30.6) 0.4 (0.2–1.3)
Iowa 3.6 (2.0–6.2) 4.4 (2.6–7.3) 4.3 (2.7–6.7) 2.7 (1.8–4.1) 10.0 (5.8–16.6) 16.1 (5.6–38.3) 5.0 (3.1–7.9) 13.1 (5.3–29.1) 0.3 (0.1–1.5)
Kansas — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 3.1 (2.2–4.5) 5.7 (4.2–7.7) 4.7 (3.5–6.3) 3.0 (2.3–4.0) 15.0 (8.3–25.5) 8.6 (3.4–19.9) 5.5 (4.0–7.4) 15.4 (9.4–24.3) 0.3 (0.1–1.3)
Louisiana 6.0 (3.9–9.0) 12.3 (8.3–17.8) 9.9 (7.0–13.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maryland 3.4 (3.0–3.7) 6.8 (6.3–7.3) 5.4 (5.1–5.8) 3.1 (2.8–3.4) 13.8 (12.6–15.1) 11.7 (9.7–13.9) — — — — — —
Massachusetts 2.4 (1.6–3.6) 5.6 (4.1–7.7) 4.1 (3.2–5.3) 3.6 (2.9–4.6) 5.5 (3.5–8.6) 6.8 (3.1–14.3) 5.2 (4.0–6.8) 7.8 (4.7–12.6) 1.6 (1.0–2.7)
Michigan 3.0 (1.8–4.7) 6.1 (3.6–10.0) 4.6 (3.2–6.6) 3.0 (1.7–5.1) 13.1 (7.6–21.4) 13.5 (7.7–22.6) 5.0 (2.9–8.5) 22.4 (12.6–36.6) 0.2 (0.0–1.5)
Missouri — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 3.8 (3.1–4.7) 4.7 (3.7–5.9) 4.4 (3.8–5.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 2.8 (1.6–4.8) 5.0 (3.1–8.0) 4.1 (2.7–6.0) 2.8 (1.8–4.5) 12.2 (6.7–21.2) 14.1 (7.0–26.4) 7.1 (4.6–11.0) 12.9 (6.2–24.9) 0.1 (0.0–0.9)
Nevada 4.4 (3.0–6.6) 5.6 (4.2–7.6) 5.4 (4.1–7.1) 4.3 (3.2–5.8) 9.7 (6.0–15.2) 5.9 (1.6–19.4) 7.6 (5.3–10.6) 17.8 (12.8–24.2) 0.9 (0.4–2.1)
New Hampshire — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New Mexico 7.3 (5.0–10.6) 11.2 (8.6–14.6) 9.4 (7.0–12.4) 7.0 (5.3–9.3) 19.3 (13.4–27.0) 22.5 (16.8–29.4) 13.2 (9.7–17.8) 30.8 (25.2–37.1) 1.6 (1.1–2.4)
New York 3.2 (2.4–4.4) 5.8 (4.3–7.7) 4.9 (3.7–6.5) 3.2 (2.4–4.3) 13.4 (9.2–19.2) 7.8 (5.7–10.7) 6.3 (4.8–8.3) 20.2 (15.2–26.4) 0.2 (0.1–0.3)
North Carolina 4.1 (2.7–6.1) 6.1 (4.3–8.7) 5.3 (3.7–7.4) 3.6 (2.6–4.9) 11.7 (6.5–20.4) 14.9 (8.4–25.1) 5.7 (4.3–7.6) 15.2 (8.3–26.1) 0.7 (0.3–1.6)
North Dakota — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oklahoma 3.6 (2.6–5.0) 5.0 (3.1–7.7) 4.3 (3.1–6.0) 3.7 (2.4–5.6) 7.9 (3.8–15.7) 7.1 (1.7–25.0) 5.5 (3.5–8.7) 22.6 (14.5–33.3) 0.1 (0.0–0.6)
Pennsylvania 2.0 (1.2–3.3) 4.4 (3.2–6.2) 3.3 (2.4–4.5) 2.7 (2.0–3.7) 5.9 (3.1–11.1) 4.8 (2.6–8.6) 4.6 (3.4–6.2) 10.3 (6.2–16.4) 0.5 (0.2–1.3)
Rhode Island 2.2 (1.3–3.5) 5.8 (4.2–8.0) 4.4 (3.1–6.1) 3.0 (2.0–4.5) 9.2 (4.8–16.6) 13.7 (7.7–23.2) 5.6 (4.3–7.3) 14.9 (8.6–24.6) 0.1 (0.0–0.8)
South Carolina 4.4 (3.1–6.2) 7.3 (5.5–9.6) 6.4 (4.9–8.3) 4.1 (3.1–5.4) 14.8 (9.5–22.6) 18.2 (8.6–34.5) 6.2 (4.3–8.9) 21.2 (12.5–33.5) 0.2 (0.0–1.2)
Tennessee 2.4 (1.4–4.1) 5.1 (3.4–7.4) 4.1 (2.8–5.8) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 3.6 (2.6–5.0) 7.4 (5.8–9.4) 5.9 (4.9–7.2) 4.7 (3.6–5.9) 10.3 (6.5–16.0) 6.9 (2.7–16.4) 7.4 (5.4–10.0) 16.4 (10.8–24.0) 1.1 (0.6–2.0)
Utah 2.8 (1.4–5.6) 3.7 (2.3–5.9) 3.4 (2.1–5.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont 2.7 (2.4–3.1) 5.3 (4.8–5.7) 4.2 (3.9–4.5) 3.4 (3.2–3.7) 7.5 (6.4–8.7) 10.1 (8.3–12.2) 5.1 (4.7–5.6) 17.0 (15.0–19.2) 0.4 (0.2–0.5)
Virginia 2.2 (1.6–3.0) 4.9 (3.9–6.3) 3.7 (3.0–4.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 3.8 (2.6–5.4) 7.1 (4.5–11.1) 6.0 (4.1–8.6) 4.6 (3.2–6.5) 13.6 (7.4–23.8) 17.1 (8.4–31.7) 6.4 (4.2–9.5) 14.9 (8.7–24.3) 1.1 (0.5–2.3)
Wisconsin 3.1 (1.8–5.1) 5.5 (4.1–7.4) 4.4 (3.4–5.9) 3.6 (2.6–4.9) 7.4 (4.2–12.6) 9.9 (4.8–19.3) 5.5 (4.0–7.6) 18.4 (9.8–31.8) 1.0 (0.5–2.1)
Median 3.5 5.6 4.6 3.6 10.2 10.9 5.7 16.4 0.5
Range 2.0–7.3 3.5–12.3 2.9–9.9 2.2–7.0 5.1–20.6 4.8–27.5 3.2–13.2 7.8–30.8 0.1–1.6
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 4.2 (2.4–7.2) 8.6 (4.9–14.8) 6.8 (4.3–10.6) 3.7 (2.1–6.4) 13.0 (6.8–23.3) 10.8 (4.0–25.8) 4.2 (2.0–8.8) 18.0 (9.4–31.5) 0.8 (0.2–3.1)
Boston, MA 1.3 (0.6–2.6) 4.1 (2.9–5.6) 2.6 (1.9–3.6) 2.3 (1.6–3.3) 3.7 (1.5–8.9) 1.6 (0.3–8.3) 2.1 (1.2–3.7) 8.3 (4.7–14.2) 0.3 (0.0–2.1)
Broward County, FL 2.7 (1.3–5.5) 5.1 (2.7–9.5) 4.0 (2.4–6.7) 3.3 (1.8–6.0) 7.1 (3.1–15.4) 4.4 (1.4–13.2) 4.4 (2.2–8.6) 9.0 (4.1–18.5) 0.3 (0.0–2.2)
Chicago, IL 4.3 (2.3–7.9) 8.3 (6.1–11.3) 6.6 (4.5–9.7) 4.4 (3.1–6.2) 13.4 (6.6–25.3) 11.7 (6.5–20.1) 6.7 (4.5–9.6) 20.7 (13.2–30.8) 0.3 (0.1–1.2)
Cleveland, OH — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DeKalb County, GA 1.7 (1.0–3.1) 6.9 (5.0–9.3) 4.4 (3.4–5.8) 2.7 (1.9–3.9) 10.5 (6.3–17.0) 8.9 (4.3–17.4) 4.4 (3.3–6.0) 13.7 (8.7–21.1) 0.5 (0.1–1.9)
Detroit, MI 1.9 (1.0–3.5) 5.9 (3.5–9.5) 4.0 (2.6–6.1) 2.3 (1.3–4.0) 8.8 (4.9–15.2) 5.3 (1.7–15.4) 4.4 (2.7–7.2) 8.9 (5.3–14.4) 0.1 (0.0–0.7)
District of Columbia 4.9 (4.2–5.7) 8.5 (7.6–9.5) 7.4 (6.8–8.1) 5.5 (4.9–6.2) 12.4 (10.4–14.7) 15.2 (11.5–19.9) 5.2 (4.4–6.1) 16.4 (13.9–19.3) 0.9 (0.6–1.4)
Duval County, FL 5.5 (4.3–7.1) 7.6 (6.1–9.5) 7.1 (5.9–8.5) 3.0 (2.3–3.9) 16.5 (12.9–21.0) 18.5 (12.2–26.9) 4.7 (3.7–6.0) 17.4 (13.6–22.1) 0.5 (0.2–1.1)
Ft. Worth, TX 5.0 (4.0–6.3) 6.8 (5.6–8.3) 6.1 (5.2–7.2) 4.8 (3.9–5.8) 14.8 (11.1–19.5) 11.9 (7.0–19.4) 9.4 (7.7–11.5) 18.0 (13.1–24.2) 1.0 (0.6–1.6)
Houston, TX 5.8 (4.6–7.2) 9.2 (7.5–11.2) 7.8 (6.6–9.3) 5.4 (4.5–6.6) 16.2 (12.4–20.8) 16.1 (9.5–26.0) 10.4 (8.5–12.5) 22.9 (17.2–29.7) 0.8 (0.4–1.5)
Los Angeles, CA 3.8 (2.9–5.0) 4.0 (2.9–5.4) 4.0 (3.2–5.0) 3.6 (2.9–4.4) 9.9 (4.0–22.3) 3.8 (0.9–15.0) 5.9 (4.4–7.9) 13.1 (5.5–28.3) 1.4 (0.8–2.5)
Miami-Dade County, FL 4.8 (3.6–6.4) 8.9 (6.6–12.0) 7.3 (5.6–9.4) 4.2 (3.2–5.5) 19.1 (12.7–27.6) 21.7 (13.8–32.4) 7.4 (5.5–10.0) 21.1 (14.4–29.8) 1.0 (0.5–2.2)
New York City, NY 2.0 (1.5–2.6) 5.6 (4.6–6.8) 4.1 (3.4–4.9) 2.6 (2.1–3.1) 8.4 (6.3–11.2) 7.9 (5.9–10.6) 5.4 (4.2–6.8) 15.9 (12.4–20.2) 0.5 (0.2–1.0)
Oakland, CA 3.9 (2.7–5.7) 7.9 (5.9–10.4) 6.2 (5.0–7.8) 5.9 (4.6–7.6) 8.1 (4.5–14.1) 7.1 (3.5–14.1) 8.9 (6.8–11.5) 16.4 (10.5–24.6) 0.8 (0.4–1.8)
Orange County, FL 2.5 (1.5–4.1) 7.3 (4.8–10.8) 5.5 (3.8–7.8) 2.9 (1.9–4.5) 17.6 (11.4–26.3) 13.2 (5.9–26.8) 4.9 (3.0–8.1) 18.6 (11.7–28.2) 0.5 (0.1–2.0)
Palm Beach County, FL 4.3 (2.9–6.5) 7.4 (5.6–9.7) 6.1 (4.9–7.6) 3.0 (2.2–4.1) 19.5 (14.5–25.7) 20.5 (12.3–32.2) 6.1 (4.4–8.3) 26.9 (18.9–36.7) 0.1 (0.0–0.4)
Philadelphia, PA 1.1 (0.5–2.8) 3.4 (1.9–6.0) 2.3 (1.5–3.5) 1.6 (0.8–2.9) 4.8 (2.3–9.8) 10.3 (4.4–22.3) 2.8 (1.6–4.8) 5.4 (2.4–11.5) 0.1 (0.0–0.7)
San Diego, CA 4.0 (2.7–5.7) 4.6 (3.5–6.0) 4.4 (3.5–5.6) 3.9 (3.0–5.2) 7.3 (4.5–11.7) 7.1 (3.8–13.0) 6.4 (4.7–8.6) 13.6 (8.4–21.2) 0.5 (0.2–1.1)
San Francisco, CA 3.1 (2.2–4.2) 5.5 (4.2–7.2) 4.6 (3.8–5.6) 3.9 (3.1–5.0) 8.7 (5.4–13.8) 7.6 (4.1–13.8) 7.4 (5.5–9.7) 21.3 (15.1–29.1) 0.2 (0.0–0.6)
Shelby County, TN 4.5 (3.0–6.7) 10.1 (7.8–13.0) 7.8 (6.2–9.6) 3.7 (2.6–5.2) 21.6 (14.9–30.3) 22.2 (13.1–35.1) 4.8 (3.1–7.5) 19.3 (13.4–27.1) 0.6 (0.2–2.1)
Median 3.9 7.1 5.8 3.6 11.5 10.5 5.3 16.9 0.5
Range 1.1–5.8 3.4–10.1 2.3–7.8 1.6–5.9 3.7–21.6 1.6–22.2 2.1–10.4 5.4–26.9 0.1–1.4

* Any form of cocaine, such as powder, crack, or freebase, one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 116. Percentage of high school students who ever used inhalants,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 6.4 (5.5–7.4) 6.0 (5.2–6.8) 6.2 (5.6–6.9)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 5.8 (4.6–7.3) 5.6 (4.5–6.9) 5.7 (5.0–6.5)
Black§ 7.3 (5.6–9.4) 6.3 (4.4–9.0) 6.9 (5.5–8.6)
Hispanic 7.4 (6.2–8.9) 6.8 (5.2–8.7) 7.1 (6.1–8.2)
Grade
9 9.0 (7.7–10.4) 5.6 (4.3–7.2) 7.2 (6.2–8.4)
10 5.6 (4.3–7.3) 5.9 (4.4–7.8) 5.7 (4.6–7.1)
11 6.3 (3.9–10.2) 6.3 (4.9–8.1) 6.4 (4.9–8.3)
12 4.1 (3.0–5.5) 5.8 (4.4–7.5) 4.9 (3.9–6.2)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 5.2 (4.5–6.1) 5.0 (4.3–5.8) 5.1 (4.6–5.7)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 9.9 (7.8–12.5) 13.2 (7.7–21.7) 10.7 (8.2–13.9)
Not sure 15.8 (9.4–25.4) 20.4 (13.5–29.6) 18.3 (13.6–24.2)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 7.6 (6.0–9.5) 7.3 (6.3–8.5) 7.4 (6.6–8.4)
Same sex only or both sexes 17.1 (13.7–21.2) 23.0 (16.4–31.1) 18.6 (15.8–21.8)
No sexual contact 3.4 (2.7–4.4) 2.4 (1.7–3.2) 2.9 (2.4–3.6)

* Sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high, one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 117. Percentage of high school students who ever used inhalants,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 7.2 (5.0–10.5) 6.1 (4.3–8.5) 6.7 (5.2–8.6) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arkansas 11.7 (9.5–14.2) 11.9 (7.8–17.9) 12.4 (9.7–15.7) 9.2 (6.2–13.3) 24.2 (14.6–37.2) 20.3 (11.8–32.8) 11.0 (7.8–15.3) 21.2 (10.5–38.1) 4.7 (2.0–10.8)
California 5.1 (3.9–6.7) 6.9 (4.5–10.4) 6.3 (4.7–8.3) 5.9 (4.4–8.0) 8.0 (5.1–12.4) 8.8 (2.2–28.8) 7.6 (5.0–11.3) 13.8 (6.5–26.9) 3.1 (2.0–4.8)
Colorado 5.5 (3.9–7.7) 5.5 (3.6–8.2) 5.5 (4.3–7.0) 5.1 (3.9–6.7) 8.0 (4.0–15.2) 10.6 (3.9–25.8) — — — — — —
Connecticut 5.7 (4.3–7.6) 7.2 (5.5–9.5) 6.5 (5.1–8.2) 4.1 (3.1–5.3) 16.4 (11.1–23.5) 19.0 (10.9–31.1) 6.3 (4.7–8.3) 20.6 (13.9–29.5) 2.2 (1.3–3.6)
Delaware — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Florida — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hawaii — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Idaho 8.2 (6.4–10.3) 6.9 (5.4–8.8) 7.6 (6.3–9.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 7.3 (5.7–9.2) 8.5 (7.0–10.2) 8.4 (7.1–9.8) 5.6 (4.5–7.1) 21.9 (17.5–27.0) 13.6 (8.0–22.4) 7.5 (5.4–10.2) 30.3 (24.4–36.8) 2.5 (1.7–3.5)
Iowa 6.3 (3.8–10.2) 6.5 (4.3–9.7) 6.7 (4.7–9.4) 4.2 (2.7–6.5) 19.5 (12.5–29.1) 21.6 (8.4–45.3) 7.7 (5.0–11.6) 14.6 (8.5–24.1) 1.2 (0.5–2.5)
Kansas 5.6 (4.4–7.0) 7.0 (5.6–8.8) 6.3 (5.3–7.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 5.0 (3.5–7.0) 7.4 (5.5–10.1) 6.5 (5.0–8.3) 5.0 (3.8–6.5) 16.7 (9.6–27.5) 9.3 (4.7–17.5) 6.6 (4.8–8.9) 10.7 (6.4–17.1) 3.6 (2.2–6.0)
Louisiana 10.5 (7.6–14.1) 14.0 (10.8–17.9) 12.6 (10.1–15.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine 6.0 (5.4–6.7) 8.0 (7.1–8.9) 7.1 (6.6–7.6) 5.7 (5.3–6.3) 13.3 (11.5–15.2) 16.0 (12.3–20.6) 7.6 (6.6–8.7) 19.3 (16.9–21.9) 2.8 (2.4–3.4)
Maryland — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Massachusetts — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Michigan 5.8 (4.2–7.9) 8.2 (5.5–12.0) 7.1 (5.3–9.4) 4.8 (3.3–6.8) 22.1 (16.0–29.8) 15.3 (9.7–23.2) 7.7 (4.9–11.9) 22.7 (14.6–33.5) 2.3 (1.4–3.9)
Missouri — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 6.5 (5.4–7.9) 5.9 (4.9–7.2) 6.4 (5.5–7.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 4.9 (3.4–7.1) 6.2 (4.3–8.8) 6.0 (4.6–7.8) 3.8 (2.8–5.2) 22.0 (15.6–30.0) 18.1 (9.3–32.0) 7.0 (4.6–10.4) 22.2 (13.8–33.9) 2.2 (1.3–3.7)
Nevada 7.8 (5.7–10.4) 5.9 (4.6–7.5) 7.1 (5.9–8.5) 5.5 (4.3–7.0) 15.1 (10.0–22.3) 10.6 (4.6–22.6) 7.5 (5.6–10.0) 19.5 (13.9–26.6) 3.3 (2.3–4.7)
New Hampshire — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New Mexico — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New York — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Carolina 9.5 (7.2–12.3) 8.6 (6.3–11.7) 9.2 (7.0–11.9) 6.8 (5.2–8.8) 22.1 (15.2–30.9) 21.2 (13.9–30.9) 8.6 (6.8–10.9) 24.7 (16.2–35.6) 4.1 (2.8–6.0)
North Dakota 5.6 (4.3–7.3) 6.8 (5.4–8.6) 6.3 (5.3–7.6) 5.0 (4.0–6.3) 16.6 (11.7–22.9) 10.8 (5.5–20.1) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 7.3 (5.3–9.9) 4.8 (3.3–7.1) 6.0 (4.7–7.7) 4.9 (3.5–6.8) 15.6 (9.8–24.0) 7.7 (2.0–25.2) 7.2 (4.8–10.6) 20.1 (12.7–30.2) 2.1 (1.2–3.7)
Pennsylvania 5.7 (4.1–7.8) 6.0 (4.6–7.8) 6.0 (4.9–7.4) 4.7 (3.6–6.1) 15.0 (11.1–20.1) 13.2 (7.8–21.3) 7.1 (5.3–9.4) 17.3 (12.6–23.3) 2.2 (1.5–3.3)
Rhode Island — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
South Carolina 8.6 (6.4–11.5) 7.3 (5.1–10.5) 8.5 (6.6–10.8) 5.7 (4.3–7.5) 18.9 (12.5–27.5) 25.1 (14.1–40.7) 7.3 (5.4–9.6) 22.5 (14.6–33.1) 3.7 (2.1–6.5)
Tennessee 6.3 (4.7–8.5) 6.6 (4.8–8.9) 6.8 (5.4–8.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 5.8 (3.8–8.8) 7.3 (5.4–9.7) 6.9 (5.3–8.9) 5.4 (3.9–7.4) 13.6 (8.7–20.6) 13.6 (7.9–22.4) 6.4 (4.4–9.2) 18.9 (11.9–28.8) 3.9 (2.5–5.9)
Utah 7.8 (5.5–10.8) 7.3 (5.6–9.5) 7.6 (6.0–9.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont 5.6 (5.2–6.1) 6.3 (5.8–6.7) 6.1 (5.8–6.4) 4.7 (4.4–5.0) 14.7 (13.3–16.4) 11.9 (9.9–14.2) 6.7 (6.2–7.2) 22.2 (20.0–24.5) 2.3 (2.0–2.6)
Virginia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 5.5 (3.7–7.9) 7.8 (5.6–10.8) 7.0 (5.2–9.4) 5.5 (4.1–7.2) 16.3 (8.1–30.1) 15.4 (7.6–28.8) 7.2 (5.4–9.5) 22.7 (11.9–38.9) 2.1 (1.3–3.3)
Wisconsin 4.2 (3.0–5.7) 7.1 (5.5–9.1) 5.8 (4.6–7.4) 4.6 (3.5–6.0) 9.4 (6.3–13.7) 18.7 (9.8–32.6) 6.2 (4.6–8.4) 18.3 (13.9–23.6) 2.6 (1.6–4.1)
Median 6.0 7.0 6.7 5.0 16.3 14.5 7.2 20.3 2.5
Range 4.2–11.7 4.8–14.0 5.5–12.6 3.8–9.2 8.0–24.2 7.7–25.1 6.2–11.0 10.7–30.3 1.2–4.7
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 11.0 (7.7–15.4) 11.7 (7.5–17.7) 11.6 (8.7–15.3) 7.0 (4.6–10.4) 19.7 (12.7–29.1) 24.0 (9.6–48.4) 6.9 (3.8–12.2) 24.8 (14.7–38.6) 8.4 (5.5–12.5)
Boston, MA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Broward County, FL 5.6 (2.8–10.9) 6.6 (4.1–10.4) 6.5 (4.1–10.1) 4.3 (2.3–7.9) 11.8 (5.8–22.8) 13.4 (4.8–31.9) 4.1 (2.0–8.0) 22.0 (10.2–41.2) 2.3 (0.9–5.8)
Chicago, IL 8.8 (6.1–12.5) 10.1 (7.6–13.3) 9.7 (7.3–12.9) 7.8 (5.9–10.4) 16.4 (10.4–24.8) 13.0 (6.2–25.4) 8.1 (5.1–12.4) 22.1 (16.0–29.6) 5.6 (3.9–7.8)
Cleveland, OH — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DeKalb County, GA 6.2 (4.7–8.1) 8.4 (6.2–11.4) 7.4 (6.1–9.0) 5.3 (4.2–6.6) 15.9 (10.3–23.7) 11.3 (5.9–20.5) 7.7 (5.8–10.3) 19.6 (13.9–26.8) 3.5 (2.4–5.1)
Detroit, MI 5.2 (3.8–7.2) 9.1 (6.1–13.1) 7.3 (5.6–9.4) 5.4 (4.0–7.4) 13.6 (8.6–20.7) 10.3 (4.4–22.3) 5.8 (3.7–9.0) 16.6 (11.6–23.1) 3.8 (2.4–5.9)
District of Columbia 12.0 (10.9–13.1) 11.5 (10.4–12.8) 12.4 (11.6–13.2) 10.1 (9.3–11.0) 21.2 (18.6–24.1) 15.5 (11.5–20.7) 10.5 (9.3–11.8) 24.8 (21.7–28.2) 5.5 (4.6–6.4)
Duval County, FL 11.2 (9.4–13.2) 12.4 (10.3–14.8) 12.3 (10.7–14.0) 7.3 (6.0–8.8) 27.2 (22.2–32.8) 24.1 (17.4–32.4) 10.2 (8.7–11.9) 24.3 (19.9–29.3) 4.2 (2.9–6.1)
Ft. Worth, TX 6.3 (5.2–7.8) 5.1 (4.1–6.4) 6.0 (5.1–7.0) 4.5 (3.7–5.4) 14.5 (11.1–18.8) 14.3 (8.8–22.4) 7.4 (6.0–9.1) 16.5 (11.5–23.0) 2.6 (1.9–3.6)
Houston, TX 7.1 (5.7–8.7) 8.4 (6.8–10.3) 8.1 (6.8–9.5) 5.3 (4.3–6.4) 18.2 (14.0–23.4) 22.4 (14.3–33.3) 9.3 (7.4–11.6) 21.9 (15.8–29.5) 2.6 (1.9–3.5)
Los Angeles, CA 6.6 (5.0–8.7) 4.3 (2.9–6.3) 5.5 (4.4–7.0) 4.8 (3.5–6.5) 10.1 (5.4–18.2) 13.9 (7.5–24.2) 6.9 (4.6–10.4) 19.2 (12.9–27.4) 2.1 (1.1–3.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL 4.7 (3.7–6.0) 7.6 (5.5–10.5) 6.4 (4.9–8.3) 4.8 (3.9–6.0) 13.6 (8.5–21.2) 19.8 (12.0–31.1) 6.9 (5.3–9.1) 15.9 (9.3–25.8) 2.4 (1.5–3.7)
New York City, NY — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oakland, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Orange County, FL 6.4 (4.8–8.4) 7.4 (5.3–10.4) 7.4 (5.7–9.5) 4.1 (3.0–5.7) 23.7 (16.9–32.2) 14.0 (6.6–27.2) 6.8 (4.7–9.7) 20.3 (13.7–28.9) 3.1 (1.9–4.9)
Palm Beach County, FL 5.7 (4.4–7.4) 7.6 (5.9–9.7) 7.0 (5.7–8.4) 4.4 (3.6–5.5) 19.2 (14.3–25.2) 16.5 (10.6–24.6) 6.2 (4.5–8.6) 23.0 (17.0–30.2) 2.7 (1.9–3.9)
Philadelphia, PA 6.1 (4.1–8.9) 9.7 (7.3–12.9) 8.0 (6.1–10.5) 6.4 (4.6–8.8) 14.3 (9.0–22.0) 26.0 (12.2–47.1) 6.5 (3.9–10.6) 21.1 (11.9–34.6) 3.9 (2.5–6.1)
San Diego, CA 3.5 (2.7–4.6) 5.3 (3.7–7.6) 4.6 (3.5–5.9) 3.9 (2.9–5.4) 9.1 (5.7–14.1) 7.1 (3.1–15.5) 4.9 (3.6–6.6) 11.2 (6.4–18.9) 2.2 (1.4–3.7)
San Francisco, CA 3.2 (2.2–4.7) 7.2 (5.4–9.5) 5.6 (4.4–7.1) 4.4 (3.4–5.7) 8.3 (4.9–13.7) 14.2 (8.3–23.3) 6.7 (4.8–9.2) 16.6 (10.6–25.0) 2.2 (1.4–3.5)
Shelby County, TN 8.8 (6.6–11.6) 10.0 (7.7–12.9) 10.0 (8.4–12.0) 7.4 (6.1–9.1) 15.5 (10.9–21.6) 28.2 (15.5–45.8) 9.0 (6.7–11.9) 22.5 (16.9–29.3) 4.3 (2.7–6.9)
Median 6.3 8.4 7.4 5.3 15.5 14.3 6.9 21.1 3.1
Range 3.2–12.0 4.3–12.4 4.6–12.4 3.9–10.1 8.3–27.2 7.1–28.2 4.1–10.5 11.2–24.8 2.1–8.4

* Sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high, one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 118. Percentage of high school students who ever used heroin,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 0.9 (0.6–1.5) 2.4 (1.9–3.1) 1.7 (1.3–2.2)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 0.4 (0.2–0.9) 1.8 (1.3–2.6) 1.1 (0.8–1.5)
Black§ 1.3 (0.6–2.7) 2.9 (2.1–4.1) 2.2 (1.4–3.2)
Hispanic 1.0 (0.6–1.6) 2.7 (1.7–4.1) 1.8 (1.3–2.7)
Grade
9 0.5 (0.3–0.9) 2.2 (1.3–3.6) 1.3 (0.9–2.1)
10 0.9 (0.5–1.4) 2.0 (1.2–3.4) 1.4 (1.0–2.1)
11 0.8 (0.3–1.9) 2.1 (1.4–3.2) 1.6 (1.0–2.4)
12 1.4 (0.7–3.0) 3.1 (2.2–4.4) 2.2 (1.5–3.3)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 0.6 (0.3–1.1) 1.6 (1.2–2.2) 1.1 (0.8–1.6)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 2.2 (1.4–3.5) 7.4 (3.9–13.5) 3.5 (2.2–5.6)
Not sure 2.8 (0.9–8.3) 13.2 (8.0–21.2) 7.7 (4.7–12.4)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 0.4 (0.2–0.8) 2.8 (2.2–3.5) 1.7 (1.3–2.2)
Same sex only or both sexes 3.6 (2.0–6.5) 15.4 (9.2–24.7) 6.6 (4.5–9.4)
No sexual contact 0.4 (0.2–1.0) 0.2 (0.1–0.5) 0.3 (0.2–0.6)

* Also called “smack,” “junk,” or “China White,” one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 119. Percentage of high school students who ever used heroin,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 1.0 (0.4–2.3) 3.3 (1.9–5.5) 2.2 (1.4–3.6) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona 1.2 (0.5–2.7) 2.6 (1.2–5.5) 1.9 (0.9–4.0) 0.9 (0.5–1.7) 6.9 (2.6–16.8) 5.6 (1.0–25.4) — — — — — —
Arkansas 4.7 (1.9–10.8) 9.5 (6.6–13.4) 7.7 (5.3–11.0) 4.6 (2.6–8.2) 18.1 (12.1–26.2) 17.0 (7.7–33.4) 5.4 (3.3–8.8) 17.4 (11.1–26.2) 0.2 (0.0–1.9)
California — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Colorado 1.0 (0.6–1.8) 1.3 (0.6–2.8) 1.2 (0.7–2.0) 0.9 (0.4–1.9) 1.7 (0.5–5.5) 6.8 (2.6–16.8) — — — — — —
Connecticut 1.3 (0.7–2.5) 3.1 (2.2–4.3) 2.2 (1.5–3.2) 1.1 (0.7–1.7) 7.0 (4.1–11.5) 5.3 (2.2–12.0) 2.2 (1.2–3.9) 5.8 (2.6–12.4) 0.1 (0.0–0.7)
Delaware 1.0 (0.5–1.9) 2.1 (1.3–3.5) 1.6 (1.1–2.3) 1.0 (0.6–1.7) 4.6 (2.2–9.3) 8.5 (2.6–24.6) 1.5 (0.8–2.7) 9.6 (4.7–18.7) 0.0 —
Florida — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hawaii 1.8 (1.2–2.6) 6.2 (4.5–8.3) 4.5 (3.4–5.8) 2.1 (1.5–2.9) 13.9 (9.9–19.2) 10.4 (6.4–16.5) 2.9 (2.1–4.0) 15.9 (10.0–24.4) 0.4 (0.1–1.2)
Idaho 1.4 (0.7–2.8) 2.4 (1.3–4.5) 2.0 (1.2–3.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 2.3 (1.3–4.0) 4.2 (3.1–5.7) 3.4 (2.5–4.6) 1.8 (1.2–2.5) 9.6 (5.5–16.1) 7.9 (3.8–15.7) 2.9 (1.6–5.0) 15.8 (11.5–21.4) 0.1 (0.0–1.1)
Iowa 1.5 (0.7–3.2) 2.4 (1.1–5.1) 2.3 (1.6–3.3) 1.1 (0.7–1.6) 5.5 (3.4–9.0) 10.9 (3.4–30.2) 1.0 (0.6–1.8) 8.4 (4.8–14.3) 0.4 (0.0–3.4)
Kansas — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 1.6 (0.9–2.8) 2.2 (1.3–3.6) 2.1 (1.3–3.3) 1.2 (0.7–1.9) 7.4 (3.4–15.2) 4.6 (1.5–12.7) 1.2 (0.7–2.2) 4.5 (2.0–9.8) 0.2 (0.0–1.3)
Louisiana 5.8 (2.9–11.2) 12.2 (8.9–16.6) 9.6 (6.6–13.6) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maryland 2.4 (2.1–2.7) 5.3 (4.9–5.8) 4.3 (3.9–4.6) 2.0 (1.8–2.3) 11.6 (10.3–12.9) 11.7 (10.0–13.7) — — — — — —
Massachusetts 0.4 (0.2–0.7) 2.3 (1.4–3.8) 1.4 (0.9–2.2) 0.9 (0.6–1.4) 3.6 (1.8–7.2) 4.0 (1.4–10.7) 1.4 (0.8–2.2) 4.4 (2.2–8.9) 0.0 —
Michigan 1.2 (0.6–2.5) 3.3 (2.2–5.0) 2.5 (1.6–3.8) 0.6 (0.3–1.4) 13.3 (7.8–21.7) 11.3 (5.5–21.7) 1.2 (0.4–3.0) 16.8 (8.0–31.9) 0.0 —
Missouri 3.7 (1.9–7.4) 3.7 (2.3–5.9) 4.1 (2.4–6.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 1.2 (0.8–1.9) 1.8 (1.4–2.5) 1.7 (1.3–2.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 0.7 (0.2–2.1) 3.1 (1.5–6.2) 2.1 (1.1–4.0) 0.7 (0.2–2.1) 12.3 (6.3–22.6) 10.6 (4.3–24.0) 2.7 (1.2–6.1) 6.6 (2.5–16.2) 0.0 —
Nevada 1.4 (0.7–2.8) 2.5 (1.9–3.3) 2.4 (1.8–3.1) 1.5 (1.1–2.0) 6.0 (3.1–11.4) 8.3 (2.5–24.1) 1.7 (0.9–3.1) 7.9 (4.1–14.8) 0.3 (0.1–1.5)
New Hampshire 1.0 (0.7–1.3) 2.3 (1.9–2.9) 1.8 (1.5–2.2) 1.1 (0.9–1.3) 3.7 (2.6–5.3) 10.1 (7.3–13.8) 1.6 (1.3–2.0) 11.9 (9.0–15.6) 0.2 (0.1–0.4)
New Mexico 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 4.4 (3.1–6.2) 3.4 (2.4–4.7) 1.4 (0.9–2.0) 10.4 (7.0–15.3) 18.8 (12.5–27.2) 3.0 (2.0–4.4) 19.4 (14.8–25.0) 0.2 (0.1–0.6)
New York 2.1 (1.2–3.6) 4.8 (3.3–6.9) 3.9 (2.7–5.7) 2.2 (1.4–3.3) 10.5 (7.8–14.0) 10.9 (7.5–15.7) 3.7 (2.6–5.1) 16.3 (10.7–24.1) 0.1 (0.0–0.2)
North Carolina — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Dakota 0.4 (0.2–0.9) 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 1.4 (0.9–2.1) 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 2.6 (1.0–6.1) 6.0 (2.3–14.8) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 1.2 (0.5–2.8) 1.9 (1.0–3.6) 1.6 (0.9–2.7) 1.1 (0.6–1.9) 6.7 (3.2–13.6) 0.0 — 1.7 (0.9–3.1) 11.0 (5.6–20.5) 0.0 —
Pennsylvania 1.0 (0.5–1.9) 3.2 (2.0–5.0) 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 1.4 (0.9–2.1) 5.3 (2.4–11.3) 6.8 (3.6–12.5) 1.9 (1.2–3.1) 8.2 (4.7–14.0) 0.3 (0.1–1.0)
Rhode Island 1.6 (0.8–3.4) 5.1 (3.3–7.9) 3.8 (2.6–5.6) 2.2 (1.2–3.9) 9.3 (4.4–18.8) 15.9 (9.8–24.7) 4.0 (2.4–6.6) 10.1 (6.2–16.1) 0.1 (0.0–0.7)
South Carolina 2.2 (1.2–4.1) 5.1 (3.3–7.8) 4.4 (3.0–6.5) 2.5 (1.5–4.2) 9.7 (5.2–17.2) 13.9 (4.6–34.7) 3.5 (2.0–6.2) 11.6 (5.8–21.9) 0.3 (0.0–1.5)
Tennessee 1.0 (0.5–1.8) 3.5 (2.1–5.6) 2.5 (1.6–3.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 0.4 (0.1–1.4) 4.0 (2.4–6.5) 2.4 (1.5–3.8) 1.8 (1.1–3.0) 3.2 (1.6–6.3) 5.6 (2.1–14.2) 2.6 (1.5–4.6) 6.1 (2.6–13.5) 0.1 (0.0–0.6)
Utah 2.8 (0.9–8.5) 2.9 (1.5–5.4) 3.1 (1.5–6.1) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont 0.9 (0.8–1.2) 2.5 (2.2–2.9) 1.9 (1.7–2.1) 1.3 (1.2–1.5) 3.9 (3.1–4.8) 7.2 (5.7–9.1) 2.0 (1.7–2.3) 8.4 (6.9–10.0) 0.1 (0.1–0.2)
Virginia 0.8 (0.4–1.5) 2.7 (1.9–3.9) 1.8 (1.3–2.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 1.1 (0.6–1.8) 4.7 (2.9–7.6) 3.4 (2.1–5.6) 2.5 (1.6–3.8) 8.6 (3.5–19.6) 7.9 (3.1–18.7) 3.0 (1.8–5.1) 9.6 (4.4–19.7) 0.0 —
Wisconsin — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Median 1.2 3.1 2.3 1.3 7.0 8.3 2.2 9.6 0.1
Range 0.4–5.8 1.3–12.2 1.2–9.6 0.6–4.6 1.7–18.1 0.0–18.8 1.0–5.4 4.4–19.4 0.0–0.4
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 3.5 (2.0–6.2) 11.4 (7.2–17.6) 7.6 (5.1–11.1) 3.7 (2.2–6.4) 14.7 (7.6–26.7) 9.4 (3.5–23.0) 5.1 (2.7–9.3) 16.4 (7.5–32.3) 0.8 (0.2–3.1)
Boston, MA 0.3 (0.1–1.0) 2.2 (1.5–3.4) 1.3 (0.9–1.9) 1.0 (0.6–1.7) 1.4 (0.4–4.6) 0.8 (0.2–3.2) 0.8 (0.4–1.5) 2.7 (0.9–7.7) 0.1 (0.0–1.0)
Broward County, FL 0.5 (0.2–1.5) 6.1 (3.4–10.9) 3.7 (2.2–6.2) 2.5 (1.2–5.0) 9.1 (4.1–18.9) 6.2 (2.3–15.8) 3.2 (1.3–8.0) 8.3 (3.8–17.1) 0.0 —
Chicago, IL 2.3 (0.8–6.4) 6.7 (4.5–9.9) 4.9 (3.0–7.9) 2.5 (1.4–4.5) 11.7 (6.3–20.8) 12.8 (5.9–25.6) 3.6 (1.8–7.1) 16.4 (9.9–26.0) 0.0 —
Cleveland, OH — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DeKalb County, GA 1.1 (0.5–2.3) 5.9 (3.8–8.9) 3.6 (2.5–5.2) 2.0 (1.2–3.2) 7.3 (3.6–14.3) 10.1 (5.0–19.4) 3.1 (1.9–4.9) 9.3 (4.9–16.8) 1.0 (0.4–2.6)
Detroit, MI 1.9 (1.2–3.0) 6.4 (4.0–10.2) 4.2 (2.8–6.1) 2.1 (1.2–3.7) 12.0 (7.2–19.4) 9.5 (3.6–22.8) 2.9 (1.5–5.5) 14.2 (9.3–20.9) 0.0 —
District of Columbia 3.2 (2.7–3.9) 6.4 (5.6–7.3) 5.3 (4.8–5.9) 4.0 (3.5–4.6) 8.7 (7.1–10.8) 10.9 (7.7–15.1) 2.9 (2.3–3.6) 11.4 (9.3–13.9) 0.5 (0.3–0.9)
Duval County, FL 3.7 (2.7–5.0) 7.4 (5.9–9.3) 6.1 (4.9–7.7) 2.0 (1.4–2.9) 16.5 (12.3–21.8) 17.8 (12.0–25.5) 3.2 (2.3–4.4) 13.2 (9.8–17.5) 0.2 (0.1–0.7)
Ft. Worth, TX 2.0 (1.4–2.8) 2.9 (2.1–3.9) 2.6 (2.0–3.5) 1.1 (0.8–1.6) 11.3 (7.7–16.1) 8.8 (4.7–15.8) 2.3 (1.6–3.3) 9.7 (6.2–15.0) 0.3 (0.1–0.7)
Houston, TX 2.2 (1.4–3.3) 5.0 (3.8–6.6) 3.9 (3.0–5.1) 1.7 (1.2–2.4) 12.8 (9.1–17.8) 10.4 (5.3–19.4) 3.4 (2.4–4.8) 14.2 (9.4–21.1) 0.0 —
Los Angeles, CA 1.0 (0.4–2.3) 2.5 (1.6–3.8) 1.9 (1.2–2.8) 1.6 (1.0–2.5) 6.6 (2.2–17.9) 0.0 — 2.7 (1.6–4.6) 12.6 (5.2–27.2) 0.0 —
Miami-Dade County, FL 1.7 (1.1–2.7) 5.9 (3.7–9.1) 4.3 (2.9–6.5) 2.0 (1.3–3.1) 14.8 (8.8–23.7) 16.1 (9.4–26.1) 3.2 (2.1–4.9) 15.1 (7.8–27.1) 0.2 (0.0–0.8)
New York City, NY 1.6 (1.2–2.2) 5.3 (4.3–6.6) 3.9 (3.2–4.8) 2.3 (1.9–2.9) 8.9 (6.4–12.4) 8.5 (6.5–11.1) 3.9 (3.0–5.1) 16.0 (12.0–20.9) 0.3 (0.1–0.8)
Oakland, CA 1.7 (1.1–2.7) 3.6 (2.3–5.6) 2.9 (2.1–4.0) 2.6 (1.8–3.9) 3.9 (1.8–8.3) 2.3 (0.6–8.9) 3.4 (2.1–5.5) 10.3 (6.1–16.9) 0.2 (0.0–0.8)
Orange County, FL 1.4 (0.7–2.9) 4.5 (2.7–7.3) 3.6 (2.3–5.7) 1.4 (0.7–2.5) 13.5 (8.2–21.6) 13.2 (5.4–29.1) 1.9 (0.9–3.9) 13.0 (7.1–22.5) 0.4 (0.1–1.8)
Palm Beach County, FL 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 5.9 (4.1–8.2) 4.4 (3.3–5.9) 1.6 (1.1–2.5) 17.4 (12.1–24.4) 13.9 (7.8–23.6) 3.0 (1.9–4.9) 19.6 (13.3–27.8) 0.2 (0.0–0.7)
Philadelphia, PA 0.7 (0.3–1.8) 5.6 (2.4–12.4) 3.2 (1.5–6.8) 1.8 (0.7–4.9) 7.4 (3.4–15.2) 19.1 (5.4–49.3) 1.5 (0.6–4.0) 14.5 (6.5–29.5) 0.0 —
San Diego, CA 0.5 (0.2–1.2) 2.4 (1.3–4.4) 1.6 (0.9–2.7) 1.1 (0.5–2.0) 3.0 (1.4–6.0) 7.6 (2.6–20.3) 1.1 (0.6–2.1) 4.7 (1.9–11.5) 0.5 (0.1–1.8)
San Francisco, CA 1.8 (1.0–3.0) 3.5 (2.5–5.0) 3.0 (2.2–3.9) 2.1 (1.5–3.0) 5.6 (2.9–10.6) 9.9 (5.3–17.8) 3.2 (2.1–4.9) 13.3 (8.2–21.1) 0.2 (0.1–0.7)
Shelby County, TN 3.4 (2.1–5.3) 7.8 (5.5–11.0) 6.3 (4.6–8.6) 2.9 (1.9–4.4) 17.0 (11.4–24.6) 23.4 (14.4–35.7) 3.9 (2.5–6.0) 16.9 (11.6–23.9) 0.1 (0.0–0.4)
Median 1.7 5.7 3.8 2.0 10.2 10.0 3.1 13.3 0.2
Range 0.3–3.7 2.2–11.4 1.3–7.6 1.0–4.0 1.4–17.4 0.0–23.4 0.8–5.1 2.7–19.6 0.0–1.0

* Also called “smack,” “junk,” or “China White,” one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 120. Percentage of high school students who ever used methamphetamines,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 1.4 (1.0–2.0) 3.4 (2.8–4.1) 2.5 (2.0–3.0)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 1.0 (0.5–1.9) 2.9 (2.3–3.7) 1.9 (1.5–2.5)
Black§ 1.5 (0.8–2.8) 3.5 (2.3–5.3) 2.6 (1.8–3.8)
Hispanic 1.7 (1.1–2.7) 4.0 (2.9–5.4) 2.9 (2.2–3.8)
Grade
9 1.2 (0.7–2.1) 2.5 (1.7–3.8) 1.9 (1.4–2.6)
10 1.0 (0.7–1.7) 3.5 (2.3–5.1) 2.3 (1.7–3.1)
11 1.3 (0.8–2.2) 3.2 (2.3–4.3) 2.4 (1.8–3.2)
12 2.0 (1.0–3.9) 4.3 (3.2–5.8) 3.2 (2.2–4.6)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 0.9 (0.6–1.4) 2.5 (2.0–3.2) 1.8 (1.4–2.3)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 3.9 (2.6–5.8) 12.4 (8.1–18.6) 6.1 (4.3–8.6)
Not sure 2.9 (1.0–8.1) 12.6 (7.1–21.3) 7.6 (4.6–12.3)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 1.1 (0.7–1.7) 4.2 (3.4–5.3) 2.8 (2.2–3.6)
Same sex only or both sexes 6.8 (4.1–11.1) 14.3 (9.0–21.9) 8.7 (6.2–12.1)
No sexual contact 0.5 (0.3–0.8) 0.8 (0.4–1.5) 0.6 (0.4–1.0)

* Also called “speed,” “crystal,” “crank,” or “ice,” one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 121. Percentage of high school students who ever used methamphetamines,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 2.2 (1.0–4.6) 3.6 (2.2–5.7) 3.0 (2.0–4.4) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona 1.9 (0.9–3.9) 2.5 (1.1–5.5) 2.3 (1.3–4.2) 1.4 (0.9–2.1) 7.2 (3.0–16.4) 3.2 (0.5–19.4) — — — — — —
Arkansas 5.3 (3.5–8.0) 8.5 (6.9–10.4) 7.5 (6.0–9.2) 4.3 (3.5–5.3) 17.4 (10.7–26.9) 26.5 (12.2–48.3) 5.9 (4.3–8.2) 15.0 (7.5–27.8) 0.5 (0.2–1.5)
California 1.3 (0.6–2.7) 3.2 (1.9–5.2) 2.5 (1.5–4.1) 2.4 (1.5–4.0) 1.8 (0.5–5.9) 4.2 (0.8–18.4) 3.3 (1.8–5.9) 8.1 (3.7–17.0) 0.2 (0.0–1.4)
Colorado 2.0 (1.2–3.2) 2.3 (1.2–4.2) 2.1 (1.5–3.1) 1.9 (1.2–3.1) 3.1 (1.2–7.9) 4.9 (1.6–13.8) — — — — — —
Connecticut 1.3 (0.8–2.3) 4.3 (3.2–5.9) 2.9 (2.2–3.8) 1.5 (1.0–2.3) 8.9 (5.4–14.3) 7.2 (3.2–15.6) 2.4 (1.5–3.6) 8.9 (5.0–15.3) 0.2 (0.0–1.0)
Delaware 0.9 (0.4–1.8) 2.4 (1.5–4.0) 1.7 (1.1–2.5) 1.2 (0.6–2.0) 4.2 (1.9–9.0) 10.4 (3.6–26.2) 1.5 (0.9–2.7) 11.0 (5.8–20.0) 0.0 —
Florida — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hawaii 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 6.6 (4.8–9.1) 4.8 (3.5–6.4) 2.6 (1.8–3.6) 14.2 (10.0–19.8) 8.2 (5.3–12.5) 3.8 (2.7–5.4) 16.4 (10.8–24.1) 0.6 (0.3–1.3)
Idaho 1.9 (0.9–3.8) 2.6 (1.6–4.2) 2.3 (1.5–3.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 2.5 (1.6–4.0) 4.5 (3.4–5.9) 3.7 (2.7–5.0) 2.0 (1.2–3.1) 9.5 (6.1–14.4) 8.2 (4.1–15.8) 3.2 (2.1–5.0) 18.0 (13.5–23.6) 0.3 (0.1–1.0)
Iowa 1.2 (0.4–3.5) 2.7 (1.5–4.6) 2.3 (1.5–3.5) 1.3 (0.8–2.1) 7.8 (3.9–15.1) 8.2 (2.5–24.1) 2.2 (1.2–4.1) 6.2 (4.3–8.8) 0.0 —
Kansas 1.8 (1.1–2.9) 3.7 (2.6–5.2) 2.8 (2.0–3.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Louisiana 6.9 (3.8–12.1) 13.1 (9.8–17.4) 10.5 (7.7–14.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maryland 2.6 (2.3–2.9) 5.6 (5.2–6.1) 4.6 (4.2–4.9) 2.3 (2.0–2.5) 12.7 (11.5–14.1) 11.4 (9.6–13.5) — — — — — —
Massachusetts 0.5 (0.2–1.3) 2.8 (1.9–4.3) 1.7 (1.1–2.6) 1.4 (0.9–2.1) 3.0 (1.6–5.6) 4.4 (1.6–11.8) 1.7 (1.0–2.9) 6.1 (3.3–11.0) 0.1 (0.0–0.6)
Michigan 1.1 (0.5–2.4) 3.7 (2.4–5.5) 2.6 (1.7–3.8) 0.9 (0.4–1.8) 10.3 (6.1–16.8) 13.3 (8.1–21.0) 1.8 (1.1–3.1) 13.5 (7.0–24.4) 0.1 (0.0–0.8)
Missouri — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 1.9 (1.4–2.6) 2.3 (1.7–3.0) 2.2 (1.8–2.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 1.3 (0.6–2.6) 3.9 (2.1–7.1) 3.0 (1.8–5.0) 1.3 (0.6–2.7) 17.9 (9.3–31.7) 7.3 (2.5–19.3) 3.2 (1.6–6.6) 15.0 (8.1–26.3) 0.0 —
Nevada 2.5 (1.4–4.4) 2.8 (2.1–3.7) 3.2 (2.3–4.4) 2.1 (1.5–2.8) 7.7 (4.0–14.3) 6.7 (1.7–23.2) 2.7 (1.7–4.2) 10.8 (5.2–21.2) 0.6 (0.2–1.7)
New Hampshire 0.8 (0.6–1.2) 2.5 (2.0–3.1) 1.8 (1.5–2.1) 1.2 (1.0–1.5) 3.4 (2.4–4.9) 8.7 (6.3–12.0) 1.8 (1.4–2.2) 10.9 (8.2–14.2) 0.3 (0.1–0.5)
New Mexico 2.9 (1.9–4.5) 5.1 (3.8–6.6) 4.1 (3.1–5.4) 2.3 (1.8–3.1) 11.5 (7.7–16.9) 15.0 (11.3–19.5) 4.1 (2.9–5.7) 21.0 (16.3–26.5) 0.6 (0.3–0.9)
New York — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Carolina — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Dakota 1.7 (1.0–2.7) 3.3 (2.3–4.7) 2.6 (2.0–3.5) 1.7 (1.1–2.5) 7.5 (4.0–13.7) 8.4 (3.8–17.4) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 2.6 (1.6–4.1) 2.4 (1.4–4.3) 2.5 (1.7–3.7) 1.7 (1.1–2.7) 9.3 (5.0–16.7) 3.5 (0.7–15.0) 2.9 (1.7–4.6) 14.8 (8.5–24.5) 0.1 (0.0–0.7)
Pennsylvania 1.3 (0.7–2.5) 3.4 (2.4–4.9) 2.5 (1.7–3.5) 1.7 (1.2–2.5) 5.8 (3.2–10.4) 5.2 (2.4–10.9) 2.7 (1.6–4.5) 6.5 (3.8–11.1) 0.2 (0.1–0.7)
Rhode Island — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
South Carolina 2.9 (1.4–6.0) 5.3 (3.5–8.1) 4.8 (3.5–6.4) 2.7 (1.8–4.2) 12.0 (7.8–18.0) 13.1 (6.2–25.6) 3.1 (1.8–5.2) 14.9 (9.8–22.0) 1.1 (0.2–5.7)
Tennessee 1.0 (0.5–1.9) 3.7 (2.3–5.8) 2.7 (1.9–3.8) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 1.5 (0.9–2.6) 4.2 (2.8–6.4) 3.1 (2.0–4.8) 2.4 (1.5–3.9) 6.3 (3.1–12.5) 4.7 (1.9–11.4) 3.9 (2.2–6.8) 8.1 (4.8–13.4) 0.3 (0.1–1.1)
Utah 1.4 (0.7–2.5) 2.3 (1.4–3.8) 1.9 (1.2–3.0) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont 1.4 (1.1–1.6) 2.7 (2.4–3.1) 2.2 (2.0–2.4) 1.6 (1.4–1.8) 4.3 (3.5–5.3) 8.1 (6.5–10.1) 2.4 (2.1–2.7) 9.8 (8.3–11.6) 0.2 (0.1–0.3)
Virginia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 2.4 (1.4–4.1) 6.2 (4.4–8.6) 4.6 (3.2–6.6) 3.5 (2.4–5.0) 11.3 (5.3–22.2) 8.2 (3.7–17.3) 4.7 (3.1–7.2) 13.6 (6.9–25.0) 0.2 (0.0–1.5)
Wisconsin — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Median 1.8 3.5 2.6 1.7 7.8 8.2 2.9 11.0 0.2
Range 0.5–6.9 2.3–13.1 1.7–10.5 0.9–4.3 1.8–17.9 3.2–26.5 1.5–5.9 6.1–21.0 0.0–1.1
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 4.0 (2.4–6.7) 9.8 (6.5–14.4) 7.1 (5.0–10.1) 4.1 (2.4–6.9) 16.3 (10.0–25.2) 5.3 (1.1–22.3) 3.7 (1.6–8.0) 20.5 (11.1–34.8) 0.3 (0.0–2.4)
Boston, MA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Broward County, FL 0.6 (0.2–2.0) 5.5 (3.0–10.0) 3.1 (1.7–5.6) 2.0 (0.9–4.3) 8.5 (3.8–17.8) 4.3 (1.4–12.3) 2.7 (1.1–6.5) 6.8 (3.0–14.6) 0.3 (0.0–2.6)
Chicago, IL 3.0 (1.4–6.3) 5.8 (4.0–8.4) 4.7 (3.0–7.4) 2.4 (1.5–4.0) 10.5 (4.7–21.9) 14.0 (6.9–26.4) 3.5 (1.9–6.5) 15.3 (9.7–23.3) 0.2 (0.0–1.3)
Cleveland, OH — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DeKalb County, GA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Detroit, MI 2.4 (1.4–4.1) 6.1 (3.9–9.5) 4.4 (3.0–6.4) 2.8 (1.7–4.5) 10.7 (6.0–18.6) 8.4 (3.3–19.7) 4.5 (2.6–7.6) 8.4 (4.9–14.1) 0.8 (0.3–1.8)
District of Columbia 3.5 (2.9–4.2) 7.9 (7.0–9.0) 6.3 (5.7–6.9) 4.9 (4.3–5.5) 10.4 (8.6–12.6) 10.2 (7.2–14.2) 3.9 (3.2–4.8) 13.6 (11.2–16.3) 0.5 (0.3–0.9)
Duval County, FL 3.1 (2.2–4.3) 6.9 (5.5–8.7) 5.5 (4.5–6.8) 1.8 (1.3–2.5) 14.8 (10.8–20.0) 16.2 (10.6–24.0) 3.8 (2.8–5.1) 12.1 (9.1–15.9) 0.2 (0.0–0.7)
Ft. Worth, TX 2.3 (1.6–3.1) 3.0 (2.2–4.1) 2.9 (2.2–3.7) 1.5 (1.1–2.1) 11.1 (7.7–15.9) 5.2 (2.4–10.7) 2.8 (1.9–4.1) 12.3 (8.2–18.0) 0.5 (0.2–1.1)
Houston, TX 3.0 (2.2–4.2) 6.2 (4.7–8.1) 5.1 (4.0–6.3) 2.5 (1.8–3.3) 15.2 (11.3–20.0) 14.9 (9.0–23.6) 4.9 (3.5–6.7) 15.7 (11.0–21.9) 0.2 (0.1–0.6)
Los Angeles, CA 2.7 (1.3–5.5) 2.5 (1.4–4.4) 2.7 (1.7–4.5) 2.2 (1.4–3.6) 7.9 (3.1–19.0) 4.5 (0.9–18.9) 3.4 (2.3–5.1) 11.9 (4.6–27.3) 0.5 (0.1–2.2)
Miami-Dade County, FL 1.9 (1.2–3.0) 5.8 (4.0–8.3) 4.2 (2.9–6.1) 2.1 (1.4–3.1) 13.7 (8.6–21.1) 16.5 (9.6–27.0) 4.0 (2.6–6.2) 13.5 (7.0–24.4) 0.1 (0.0–1.1)
New York City, NY — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oakland, CA 2.0 (1.3–3.1) 5.5 (3.8–8.1) 4.1 (3.0–5.6) 3.7 (2.6–5.4) 5.9 (3.3–10.4) 6.2 (2.8–13.1) 6.0 (4.2–8.3) 10.9 (6.6–17.7) 0.1 (0.0–0.8)
Orange County, FL 1.5 (0.8–3.1) 4.4 (2.7–7.1) 3.6 (2.3–5.5) 1.5 (0.9–2.7) 12.9 (7.6–21.0) 8.6 (3.3–20.6) 2.3 (1.1–4.7) 11.5 (6.7–19.1) 0.6 (0.2–2.0)
Palm Beach County, FL 2.9 (1.9–4.4) 5.0 (3.6–6.8) 4.2 (3.2–5.6) 1.6 (1.1–2.4) 16.5 (11.9–22.4) 14.9 (8.5–24.6) 3.0 (1.9–4.6) 18.1 (11.8–26.7) 0.4 (0.1–1.4)
Philadelphia, PA 0.3 (0.1–0.9) 4.5 (2.8–7.3) 2.4 (1.5–3.9) 1.6 (0.7–3.4) 6.2 (2.4–15.1) 7.8 (2.4–22.3) 1.2 (0.4–3.6) 8.9 (3.8–19.4) 0.0 —
San Diego, CA 1.4 (0.8–2.4) 2.5 (1.7–3.8) 2.0 (1.5–2.8) 1.8 (1.3–2.6) 2.8 (1.3–5.8) 3.9 (1.5–10.1) 1.8 (1.1–2.9) 7.7 (3.8–14.9) 0.3 (0.1–1.5)
San Francisco, CA 2.2 (1.5–3.2) 4.1 (3.0–5.6) 3.5 (2.8–4.4) 2.6 (1.9–3.6) 8.1 (4.6–13.8) 9.1 (5.1–15.9) 4.3 (3.0–6.3) 17.7 (11.5–26.2) 0.2 (0.1–0.6)
Shelby County, TN 3.3 (2.3–4.6) 8.1 (6.1–10.8) 6.2 (4.9–7.7) 3.0 (2.3–4.1) 15.5 (10.7–21.9) 18.0 (10.3–29.6) 3.5 (2.4–5.0) 17.7 (12.4–24.5) 0.0 —
Median 2.4 5.5 4.2 2.2 10.7 8.6 3.5 12.3 0.3
Range 0.3–4.0 2.5–9.8 2.0–7.1 1.5–4.9 2.8–16.5 3.9–18.0 1.2–6.0 6.8–20.5 0.0–0.8

* Also called “speed,” “crystal,” “crank,” or “ice,” one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 122. Percentage of high school students who ever used ecstasy,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 2.9 (2.3–3.6) 5.0 (4.2–5.9) 4.0 (3.4–4.7)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 2.8 (2.0–3.8) 4.1 (3.4–4.9) 3.4 (2.8–4.2)
Black§ 1.7 (0.9–3.4) 4.1 (2.8–6.0) 3.0 (2.1–4.4)
Hispanic 3.5 (2.6–4.6) 6.6 (5.0–8.7) 5.1 (4.0–6.4)
Grade
9 1.6 (1.0–2.6) 3.5 (2.4–5.1) 2.5 (1.9–3.4)
10 1.7 (1.1–2.5) 4.2 (2.9–6.1) 2.9 (2.2–3.9)
11 3.4 (2.5–4.6) 5.2 (4.0–6.7) 4.4 (3.5–5.5)
12 5.1 (3.6–7.4) 6.9 (5.2–9.2) 6.0 (4.7–7.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 2.3 (1.7–3.1) 4.2 (3.4–5.2) 3.3 (2.7–4.1)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 6.4 (4.7–8.5) 15.0 (9.5–22.9) 8.8 (6.5–11.7)
Not sure 4.9 (2.3–10.0) 11.2 (6.4–18.7) 8.1 (5.2–12.4)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 3.7 (2.8–5.0) 7.4 (6.1–8.9) 5.7 (4.8–6.8)
Same sex only or both sexes 12.7 (9.9–16.2) 19.0 (11.8–29.1) 14.3 (11.4–17.7)
No sexual contact 0.4 (0.2–0.8) 0.8 (0.4–1.6) 0.6 (0.3–1.0)

* Also called “MDMA,” one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 123. Percentage of high school students who ever used ecstasy,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 2.8 (1.6–4.8) 4.9 (3.4–7.1) 3.9 (2.8–5.4) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arkansas 10.7 (3.7–27.4) 14.9 (8.2–25.6) 13.0 (6.2–25.2) 9.4 (3.9–20.8) 31.5 (19.1–47.3) 14.0 (7.8–23.9) 9.6 (5.5–16.2) 32.8 (18.0–52.0) 0.5 (0.1–1.6)
California 2.9 (1.7–4.9) 5.0 (3.0–8.1) 4.1 (2.8–6.1) 3.7 (2.4–5.7) 7.1 (3.3–14.6) 7.6 (1.8–26.6) 6.3 (4.1–9.6) 13.8 (7.3–24.5) 0.8 (0.3–1.9)
Colorado 4.9 (3.5–6.8) 4.3 (2.8–6.8) 4.7 (3.6–6.0) 4.1 (2.8–5.8) 11.1 (5.9–19.9) 11.2 (6.0–20.0) — — — — — —
Connecticut 1.7 (1.0–2.8) 5.0 (3.7–6.8) 3.3 (2.5–4.5) 1.7 (1.2–2.4) 11.5 (7.2–17.9) 8.7 (3.4–20.2) 3.5 (2.4–5.0) 15.2 (9.0–24.5) 0.1 (0.0–1.0)
Delaware 2.2 (1.3–3.7) 3.7 (2.6–5.4) 3.0 (2.2–4.0) 2.3 (1.5–3.4) 7.1 (3.7–13.3) 12.7 (5.2–27.8) 3.6 (2.5–5.1) 13.6 (7.6–23.0) 0.1 (0.0–0.3)
Florida — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hawaii 4.4 (3.7–5.3) 7.0 (5.2–9.4) 6.0 (5.0–7.1) 4.2 (3.5–5.2) 14.8 (11.8–18.5) 7.3 (4.8–10.9) 8.3 (6.9–10.0) 19.2 (13.8–26.0) 0.8 (0.5–1.5)
Idaho 2.9 (1.9–4.6) 4.5 (3.0–6.6) 3.8 (2.7–5.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 4.8 (3.2–7.3) 5.7 (4.5–7.2) 5.3 (4.1–6.9) 3.4 (2.6–4.6) 14.3 (9.2–21.5) 7.5 (3.3–16.1) 6.1 (4.5–8.2) 23.0 (18.3–28.5) 0.6 (0.2–1.5)
Iowa 3.1 (1.4–6.6) 4.3 (2.0–9.0) 4.1 (2.6–6.2) 2.2 (1.3–3.7) 15.1 (7.3–28.6) 14.0 (4.3–36.9) 3.6 (2.1–6.1) 16.8 (5.3–42.1) 0.0 —
Kansas 2.0 (1.3–3.0) 4.4 (3.2–6.0) 3.2 (2.4–4.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 2.8 (1.9–3.9) 4.8 (3.4–6.9) 4.2 (3.2–5.4) 2.8 (2.0–3.8) 12.9 (7.7–20.8) 7.7 (5.7–10.3) 4.6 (3.1–6.6) 13.7 (7.6–23.5) 0.3 (0.1–1.5)
Louisiana 6.3 (3.7–10.5) 13.1 (9.9–17.3) 10.0 (7.6–13.0) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maryland 3.6 (3.2–3.9) 6.7 (6.2–7.2) 5.5 (5.2–5.9) 3.0 (2.8–3.2) 15.1 (13.6–16.7) 12.9 (11.0–15.0) — — — — — —
Massachusetts 1.7 (1.1–2.6) 3.8 (2.6–5.6) 2.8 (2.1–3.8) 2.1 (1.5–2.8) 6.0 (3.2–10.9) 7.3 (3.3–15.5) 3.8 (2.7–5.3) 7.7 (4.4–13.0) 0.1 (0.0–0.6)
Michigan — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Missouri — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 3.9 (3.2–4.8) 4.9 (3.7–6.5) 4.5 (3.7–5.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 2.0 (1.0–4.0) 5.1 (3.2–8.0) 3.9 (2.6–5.9) 2.2 (1.2–3.9) 16.1 (9.9–25.1) 13.6 (6.6–25.9) 5.6 (3.2–9.7) 12.8 (6.8–22.8) 0.4 (0.1–2.1)
Nevada 5.1 (3.4–7.6) 6.2 (4.9–7.9) 6.1 (4.9–7.5) 4.7 (3.7–6.1) 9.4 (5.8–15.1) 18.3 (9.8–31.7) 9.0 (7.1–11.3) 15.5 (10.2–22.9) 0.9 (0.4–2.1)
New Hampshire 1.9 (1.5–2.3) 3.8 (3.3–4.5) 3.0 (2.6–3.5) 2.3 (1.9–2.7) 6.4 (4.9–8.2) 9.6 (7.1–13.0) 3.8 (3.2–4.5) 15.8 (12.6–19.6) 0.3 (0.1–0.5)
New Mexico 5.7 (3.6–8.9) 8.3 (6.3–10.9) 7.1 (5.2–9.6) 5.0 (3.5–7.0) 17.8 (13.2–23.5) 17.2 (11.7–24.5) 9.7 (7.0–13.3) 25.7 (20.7–31.5) 1.2 (0.9–1.7)
New York — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Carolina — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Dakota — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oklahoma 3.8 (1.9–7.4) 5.3 (3.4–8.2) 4.5 (3.0–6.7) 3.3 (2.2–4.9) 17.8 (8.4–33.8) 1.1 (0.1–8.0) 5.9 (4.0–8.6) 25.0 (12.0–44.8) 0.0 —
Pennsylvania 2.6 (1.5–4.3) 5.2 (4.0–6.8) 4.1 (3.1–5.3) 3.1 (2.4–4.0) 10.0 (6.0–16.3) 6.4 (3.5–11.6) 5.7 (4.4–7.3) 13.7 (8.3–21.6) 0.2 (0.1–0.6)
Rhode Island 1.8 (0.9–3.7) 5.1 (3.6–7.4) 3.9 (2.7–5.5) 2.8 (1.7–4.4) 6.2 (3.0–12.3) 13.5 (6.9–24.7) 4.8 (2.9–7.7) 11.1 (6.3–18.9) 0.0 —
South Carolina 5.1 (3.0–8.6) 6.8 (5.0–9.1) 6.4 (4.8–8.6) 3.8 (2.4–5.8) 16.2 (12.3–21.1) 19.8 (10.3–34.6) 4.9 (3.2–7.5) 22.6 (15.7–31.4) 1.7 (0.5–5.4)
Tennessee 2.3 (1.3–3.9) 4.8 (3.4–6.8) 3.9 (2.9–5.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 3.9 (2.4–6.3) 6.6 (4.8–8.9) 5.5 (4.1–7.3) 4.2 (3.2–5.5) 11.9 (6.3–21.1) 7.8 (2.7–20.6) 7.8 (5.7–10.5) 12.5 (7.1–21.2) 0.5 (0.2–1.3)
Utah 2.3 (1.3–3.9) 4.4 (2.8–6.8) 3.5 (2.4–5.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Virginia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 3.1 (2.0–4.8) 4.5 (3.1–6.5) 4.3 (2.9–6.3) 2.8 (2.1–3.8) 15.5 (8.2–27.4) 10.5 (5.0–20.5) 5.0 (3.5–7.2) 11.6 (6.3–20.5) 0.3 (0.1–1.5)
Wisconsin — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Median 3.0 5.0 4.1 3.1 12.9 10.5 5.6 15.2 0.3
Range 1.7–10.7 3.7–14.9 2.8–13.0 1.7–9.4 6.0–31.5 1.1–19.8 3.5–9.7 7.7–32.8 0.0–1.7
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 4.3 (2.5–7.4) 9.5 (6.2–14.2) 7.1 (4.9–10.0) 4.6 (2.8–7.6) 13.4 (8.1–21.4) 9.3 (3.0–25.0) 4.4 (2.1–8.9) 15.8 (7.5–30.6) 0.0 —
Boston, MA 0.7 (0.3–1.6) 3.0 (2.1–4.3) 1.9 (1.4–2.5) 1.5 (0.9–2.3) 3.2 (1.4–7.3) 0.9 (0.2–3.8) 1.6 (0.9–2.7) 4.8 (2.3–9.8) 0.0 —
Broward County, FL 2.2 (0.8–5.9) 5.3 (2.9–9.5) 4.0 (2.3–6.8) 2.6 (1.2–5.4) 8.2 (3.6–17.3) 8.9 (4.5–17.2) 2.6 (1.0–6.6) 10.8 (5.0–22.0) 0.3 (0.0–2.6)
Chicago, IL 3.3 (1.5–7.0) 7.9 (5.6–11.0) 5.8 (3.8–8.8) 3.7 (2.2–6.4) 12.5 (6.6–22.5) 11.6 (5.3–23.7) 6.9 (4.2–10.9) 14.0 (8.9–21.5) 0.3 (0.1–1.0)
Cleveland, OH — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DeKalb County, GA 1.7 (1.1–2.8) 6.0 (4.4–8.1) 3.9 (3.0–5.0) 2.5 (1.7–3.5) 8.2 (4.7–13.7) 7.2 (3.1–16.1) 3.7 (2.7–5.1) 13.0 (7.8–20.9) 1.2 (0.5–2.7)
Detroit, MI — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
District of Columbia 4.1 (3.4–4.9) 9.1 (8.1–10.3) 7.3 (6.6–8.0) 5.6 (5.0–6.3) 11.9 (9.8–14.2) 13.3 (9.8–17.8) 5.4 (4.6–6.4) 16.6 (14.0–19.6) 0.6 (0.3–1.0)
Duval County, FL 5.9 (4.7–7.5) 8.4 (6.7–10.4) 7.9 (6.6–9.4) 3.1 (2.4–4.0) 21.3 (16.7–26.9) 18.5 (12.6–26.2) 5.7 (4.4–7.3) 18.9 (14.6–24.1) 0.5 (0.2–1.1)
Ft. Worth, TX 3.0 (2.2–4.2) 4.2 (3.3–5.5) 3.8 (3.2–4.7) 2.5 (1.9–3.2) 12.1 (8.5–16.8) 9.5 (5.1–16.9) 5.0 (3.8–6.7) 16.7 (11.5–23.5) 0.3 (0.1–1.1)
Houston, TX 4.1 (3.1–5.3) 7.5 (6.0–9.4) 6.1 (5.0–7.3) 4.3 (3.5–5.3) 11.3 (8.2–15.4) 13.5 (8.1–21.7) 7.2 (5.7–9.1) 14.7 (9.8–21.6) 0.7 (0.4–1.3)
Los Angeles, CA 3.1 (1.9–5.0) 4.3 (2.6–7.2) 3.8 (2.4–6.1) 3.3 (2.0–5.4) 9.2 (3.8–20.7) 3.1 (0.7–13.8) 5.4 (3.1–9.2) 15.5 (7.7–28.8) 0.9 (0.4–2.3)
Miami-Dade County, FL 2.9 (2.1–4.0) 6.5 (4.7–8.9) 5.2 (4.0–6.6) 2.8 (2.2–3.7) 16.1 (11.0–22.9) 18.1 (10.6–29.2) 4.6 (3.4–6.3) 16.7 (10.9–24.7) 0.7 (0.3–1.8)
New York City, NY — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oakland, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Orange County, FL 1.7 (0.9–3.2) 6.4 (4.2–9.6) 4.5 (3.1–6.5) 2.2 (1.3–3.8) 14.6 (9.5–21.7) 14.8 (6.6–29.9) 4.0 (2.4–6.4) 14.2 (8.6–22.5) 0.6 (0.2–2.1)
Palm Beach County, FL 3.4 (2.4–4.8) 6.9 (5.1–9.4) 5.4 (4.2–6.9) 2.9 (2.1–3.9) 17.3 (12.2–23.9) 14.7 (8.2–25.0) 5.1 (3.6–7.0) 20.3 (13.8–28.8) 0.6 (0.2–1.6)
Philadelphia, PA 1.4 (0.6–3.3) 6.2 (4.0–9.5) 3.8 (2.3–6.3) 2.2 (1.2–3.8) 10.4 (5.5–18.7) 17.9 (6.8–39.4) 2.9 (1.4–6.0) 17.8 (9.1–31.8) 0.3 (0.1–1.2)
San Diego, CA 3.2 (2.2–4.6) 5.4 (4.0–7.4) 4.4 (3.4–5.7) 3.9 (3.0–5.1) 7.1 (3.9–12.4) 8.2 (3.1–19.9) 6.0 (4.5–7.9) 13.2 (8.1–20.9) 0.4 (0.2–1.0)
San Francisco, CA 3.7 (2.7–5.1) 5.9 (4.4–7.9) 5.1 (4.1–6.4) 4.1 (3.1–5.3) 11.7 (7.5–17.7) 8.6 (5.0–14.5) 7.3 (5.5–9.6) 22.0 (14.7–31.7) 0.5 (0.3–1.1)
Shelby County, TN 3.2 (2.0–5.1) 8.0 (5.9–10.9) 6.1 (4.6–8.1) 3.0 (2.3–4.0) 16.8 (11.6–23.7) 17.3 (8.9–31.1) 3.8 (2.6–5.4) 13.8 (9.2–20.3) 1.1 (0.4–2.9)
Median 3.2 6.4 5.1 3.0 11.9 11.6 5.0 15.5 0.5
Range 0.7–5.9 3.0–9.5 1.9–7.9 1.5–5.6 3.2–21.3 0.9–18.5 1.6–7.3 4.8–22.0 0.0–1.2

* Also called “MDMA,” one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 124. Percentage of high school students who ever used hallucinogenic drugs,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 5.5 (4.6–6.7) 7.6 (6.7–8.6) 6.6 (5.7–7.6)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 6.4 (5.1–8.2) 7.9 (6.6–9.5) 7.2 (6.0–8.5)
Black§ 1.4 (0.7–2.8) 4.8 (3.2–7.2) 3.3 (2.3–4.6)
Hispanic 5.8 (4.4–7.7) 8.2 (6.3–10.4) 7.1 (5.6–8.8)
Grade
9 3.7 (2.5–5.5) 4.4 (3.2–5.8) 4.0 (3.1–5.2)
10 4.0 (3.1–5.1) 7.0 (5.1–9.4) 5.4 (4.4–6.8)
11 7.0 (5.3–9.2) 8.8 (7.3–10.5) 8.0 (6.6–9.5)
12 7.6 (5.2–11.2) 10.7 (8.4–13.7) 9.2 (7.1–11.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 4.3 (3.5–5.2) 7.0 (6.0–8.1) 5.7 (5.0–6.6)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 10.9 (8.4–14.0) 15.3 (10.2–22.4) 11.9 (9.6–14.8)
Not sure 8.9 (4.4–17.2) 14.2 (8.1–23.8) 12.0 (8.0–17.7)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 7.3 (6.1–8.7) 12.1 (10.5–13.9) 9.9 (8.7–11.3)
Same sex only or both sexes 20.3 (15.6–26.0) 22.3 (16.1–30.0) 20.8 (16.8–25.5)
No sexual contact 1.1 (0.6–1.8) 1.5 (1.0–2.4) 1.3 (0.9–1.9)

* Such as LSD, acid, PCP, angel dust, mescaline, or mushrooms, one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 125. Percentage of high school students who ever took steroids without a doctor’s prescription,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 2.4 (1.9–3.0) 3.3 (2.7–4.0) 2.9 (2.5–3.3)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 1.8 (1.1–2.7) 2.7 (1.9–3.7) 2.2 (1.7–3.0)
Black§ 2.6 (1.4–4.8) 4.6 (3.0–7.0) 3.6 (2.5–5.2)
Hispanic 3.1 (2.0–4.7) 3.8 (3.1–4.7) 3.5 (2.8–4.3)
Grade
9 2.8 (1.9–4.0) 2.4 (1.6–3.4) 2.6 (1.9–3.4)
10 2.1 (1.3–3.3) 3.8 (2.4–5.8) 2.9 (2.1–3.9)
11 2.3 (1.5–3.4) 3.1 (2.2–4.3) 2.8 (2.2–3.5)
12 2.2 (1.2–3.7) 3.8 (2.9–5.1) 3.0 (2.3–3.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 1.8 (1.3–2.5) 2.8 (2.2–3.4) 2.3 (1.9–2.8)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 4.8 (3.1–7.3) 9.8 (6.0–15.8) 6.1 (4.4–8.2)
Not sure 4.3 (1.8–9.7) 7.7 (4.2–13.9) 6.5 (3.8–10.8)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 2.6 (1.9–3.5) 4.9 (4.0–6.1) 3.9 (3.1–4.7)
Same sex only or both sexes 7.2 (5.2–9.9) 10.1 (5.5–17.8) 8.0 (5.8–10.9)
No sexual contact 1.0 (0.6–1.8) 0.5 (0.2–0.8) 0.7 (0.5–1.1)

* Pills or shots, one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 126. Percentage of high school students who ever took steroids without a doctor’s prescription,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska —§ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona 4.0 (2.4–6.6) 4.2 (2.4–7.3) 4.1 (2.7–6.3) 3.1 (2.1–4.5) 10.2 (5.4–18.3) 5.2 (0.9–25.5) — — — — — —
Arkansas 6.7 (4.3–10.4) 7.1 (5.1–9.7) 7.5 (6.0–9.2) 3.8 (2.6–5.6) 19.2 (13.8–26.1) 21.4 (10.9–37.5) 5.4 (3.9–7.5) 11.0 (4.5–24.4) 1.2 (0.5–2.5)
California 2.1 (1.3–3.4) 3.2 (1.7–6.2) 3.0 (1.7–5.2) 2.4 (1.4–4.1) 6.4 (2.8–13.7) 5.5 (1.6–17.8) 3.7 (1.8–7.3) 6.4 (2.1–18.1) 0.8 (0.3–1.9)
Colorado — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Connecticut — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Delaware 1.8 (1.0–3.2) 2.8 (1.7–4.8) 2.3 (1.5–3.6) 2.1 (1.1–3.7) 2.9 (1.3–6.7) 10.6 (3.9–26.1) 2.7 (1.6–4.8) 10.4 (5.3–19.2) 0.0 —
Florida 2.5 (1.8–3.3) 4.7 (3.8–5.8) 3.7 (3.0–4.4) 2.6 (2.0–3.3) 8.1 (5.8–11.1) 10.7 (7.9–14.5) 4.1 (3.2–5.2) 12.7 (9.3–17.2) 0.6 (0.3–0.9)
Hawaii — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Idaho 2.6 (1.6–4.2) 3.0 (2.0–4.6) 2.8 (2.0–4.0) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 2.7 (1.9–3.9) 5.4 (3.8–7.8) 4.4 (3.3–5.8) 2.7 (1.7–4.2) 10.0 (6.6–15.0) 7.7 (3.2–17.4) 4.6 (2.8–7.3) 18.0 (13.1–24.4) 0.5 (0.2–1.3)
Iowa 2.2 (1.3–3.7) 4.0 (2.2–7.2) 3.5 (2.5–4.8) 1.9 (1.2–2.8) 9.9 (5.3–17.7) 12.3 (4.1–31.4) 3.2 (2.0–5.0) 9.0 (4.3–18.1) 0.0 —
Kansas — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 2.2 (1.2–4.2) 4.2 (2.8–6.3) 3.6 (2.5–5.2) 2.8 (1.9–4.2) 8.6 (4.7–15.4) 6.1 (3.1–11.6) 3.4 (2.1–5.7) 9.6 (5.3–16.7) 0.5 (0.2–1.7)
Louisiana 6.1 (3.3–11.2) 11.2 (7.5–16.6) 9.2 (6.0–14.0) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maryland — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Massachusetts — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Michigan 2.6 (1.5–4.4) 4.5 (3.0–6.6) 3.7 (2.6–5.2) 1.8 (1.1–2.9) 11.2 (5.8–20.6) 16.9 (9.5–28.5) 3.0 (1.7–5.2) 19.6 (11.4–31.6) 0.7 (0.1–3.3)
Missouri — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 1.8 (1.3–2.5) 2.3 (1.7–3.0) 2.1 (1.7–2.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 2.0 (1.0–3.9) 4.4 (2.4–7.9) 3.5 (2.2–5.5) 1.6 (0.8–3.0) 16.0 (8.6–27.8) 15.3 (8.4–26.4) 3.7 (2.0–6.9) 12.7 (6.4–23.6) 1.0 (0.4–2.7)
Nevada 2.1 (1.3–3.6) 1.7 (1.1–2.6) 2.1 (1.5–3.1) 1.3 (0.8–2.1) 5.0 (2.8–8.8) 6.3 (1.7–21.4) 2.3 (1.3–4.2) 4.3 (1.3–12.8) 0.8 (0.4–1.7)
New Hampshire — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New Mexico — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New York — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Carolina — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Dakota — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oklahoma 3.2 (1.5–7.0) 3.7 (2.0–6.7) 3.4 (2.0–5.9) 2.6 (1.6–4.4) 8.8 (3.0–22.8) 10.0 (3.4–26.0) 4.3 (2.6–7.3) 16.2 (6.6–34.5) 0.5 (0.2–1.3)
Pennsylvania 1.4 (0.8–2.5) 3.7 (2.4–5.6) 2.7 (1.9–3.9) 1.9 (1.4–2.7) 8.0 (4.3–14.5) 3.7 (1.5–9.1) 3.0 (1.9–4.5) 10.8 (6.4–17.7) 0.3 (0.1–0.9)
Rhode Island 2.7 (1.4–5.0) 5.5 (3.7–8.1) 4.6 (3.1–6.7) 3.2 (2.1–5.0) 9.1 (4.3–18.2) 13.2 (6.8–23.9) 5.4 (3.1–9.3) 13.3 (6.7–24.9) 0.1 (0.0–0.7)
South Carolina 4.4 (2.9–6.5) 5.1 (3.3–7.9) 5.2 (3.9–7.0) 2.4 (1.5–3.7) 16.9 (11.9–23.4) 14.7 (6.5–29.9) 3.1 (1.5–6.2) 19.3 (13.6–26.6) 1.5 (0.7–3.1)
Tennessee 1.5 (0.9–2.5) 4.1 (2.6–6.3) 3.1 (2.3–4.1) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 2.3 (1.4–3.8) 4.9 (3.4–6.9) 3.8 (2.7–5.4) 2.9 (2.0–4.3) 7.2 (3.4–14.9) 6.2 (2.3–15.3) 4.4 (2.9–6.4) 8.9 (4.0–18.7) 0.7 (0.3–1.6)
Utah 2.1 (1.1–4.0) 3.0 (1.9–4.6) 2.7 (1.7–4.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Virginia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 1.5 (0.8–2.9) 5.3 (3.8–7.4) 3.7 (2.7–5.1) 2.6 (1.7–3.9) 10.4 (5.5–18.9) 7.1 (2.6–17.7) 3.9 (2.3–6.6) 8.2 (3.8–16.6) 1.1 (0.5–2.1)
Wisconsin — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Median 2.2 4.2 3.5 2.6 9.1 10.0 3.7 10.9 0.6
Range 1.4–6.7 1.7–11.2 2.1–9.2 1.3–3.8 2.9–19.2 3.7–21.4 2.3–5.4 4.3–19.6 0.0–1.5
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 4.1 (2.3–7.2) 10.0 (5.6–17.2) 7.5 (4.7–11.9) 4.6 (2.6–8.2) 15.5 (8.6–26.3) 9.4 (2.9–26.4) 5.3 (2.6–10.6) 18.8 (9.1–34.7) 1.0 (0.5–2.3)
Boston, MA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Broward County, FL 1.8 (0.8–4.1) 5.4 (3.0–9.6) 4.0 (2.4–6.7) 2.7 (1.4–5.0) 8.3 (3.7–17.8) 7.8 (3.1–18.1) 3.0 (1.3–6.7) 7.2 (3.4–14.5) 0.1 (0.0–1.1)
Chicago, IL 3.7 (1.9–7.1) 6.8 (4.1–11.1) 5.7 (3.5–9.1) 2.9 (1.8–4.7) 14.7 (7.9–25.8) 16.2 (8.1–29.7) 4.6 (2.7–7.9) 17.5 (10.5–27.8) 0.3 (0.1–1.2)
Cleveland, OH — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DeKalb County, GA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Detroit, MI 2.8 (1.7–4.4) 6.9 (4.5–10.5) 4.9 (3.5–6.7) 2.7 (1.7–4.3) 10.5 (5.5–19.1) 20.0 (11.0–33.6) 4.7 (2.7–8.0) 12.2 (7.6–18.9) 0.6 (0.2–1.8)
District of Columbia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Duval County, FL — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Ft. Worth, TX 3.4 (2.5–4.5) 2.7 (1.9–3.7) 3.3 (2.6–4.2) 2.0 (1.6–2.6) 10.8 (7.4–15.6) 8.8 (4.5–16.4) 3.1 (2.2–4.4) 13.1 (8.8–19.0) 0.7 (0.4–1.2)
Houston, TX 4.4 (3.3–6.0) 6.1 (4.8–7.8) 5.6 (4.6–6.8) 2.9 (2.3–3.8) 16.5 (12.2–22.0) 15.7 (9.5–24.8) 5.0 (3.8–6.6) 18.1 (12.4–25.6) 0.7 (0.3–1.3)
Los Angeles, CA 3.3 (1.9–5.9) 1.7 (1.0–3.0) 2.6 (1.7–3.9) 2.3 (1.6–3.5) 6.7 (2.3–18.1) 1.4 (0.1–11.4) 2.4 (1.2–4.6) 11.0 (4.9–22.9) 1.3 (0.6–2.5)
Miami-Dade County, FL 2.0 (1.3–3.1) 6.1 (4.3–8.4) 4.5 (3.3–6.1) 2.1 (1.4–3.1) 15.2 (10.1–22.2) 18.3 (11.5–27.8) 3.8 (2.6–5.5) 17.6 (10.8–27.5) 0.3 (0.1–1.1)
New York City, NY — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oakland, CA 2.5 (1.6–3.7) 5.0 (3.4–7.3) 4.0 (3.0–5.4) 3.6 (2.6–5.1) 4.9 (2.4–9.8) 7.5 (3.4–15.4) 5.0 (3.4–7.4) 9.8 (5.8–16.1) 0.4 (0.1–1.0)
Orange County, FL 2.9 (1.9–4.4) 5.3 (3.5–7.9) 4.8 (3.4–6.7) 2.0 (1.2–3.3) 16.5 (10.7–24.8) 12.8 (5.7–26.0) 4.0 (2.2–7.2) 15.8 (9.7–24.7) 0.7 (0.3–1.7)
Palm Beach County, FL 2.9 (2.0–4.2) 5.2 (3.6–7.4) 4.5 (3.3–5.9) 1.5 (1.1–2.3) 18.7 (13.8–25.0) 15.4 (8.9–25.3) 3.0 (1.9–4.8) 20.0 (13.9–28.1) 0.1 (0.0–0.5)
Philadelphia, PA 1.4 (0.6–3.0) 4.6 (2.5–8.4) 3.1 (1.9–5.0) 2.3 (1.1–4.7) 7.6 (3.7–14.9) 6.6 (1.6–23.2) 2.2 (1.0–4.8) 11.4 (5.0–23.8) 0.4 (0.1–1.4)
San Diego, CA 2.5 (1.8–3.5) 3.1 (1.9–5.2) 3.0 (2.2–4.1) 2.6 (1.8–3.7) 4.6 (2.6–8.0) 6.3 (2.4–15.2) 3.1 (2.1–4.5) 9.5 (5.4–16.4) 0.9 (0.4–2.1)
San Francisco, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shelby County, TN 3.9 (2.8–5.4) 9.4 (7.5–11.8) 7.3 (5.9–9.0) 4.1 (3.2–5.2) 16.9 (12.0–23.2) 20.7 (12.0–33.4) 5.8 (4.5–7.6) 16.1 (11.9–21.3) 1.2 (0.5–2.9)
Median 2.9 5.3 4.5 2.6 12.8 11.1 3.9 14.4 0.6
Range 1.4–4.4 1.7–10.0 2.6–7.5 1.5–4.6 4.6–18.7 1.4–20.7 2.2–5.8 7.2–20.0 0.1–1.3

* Pills or shots, one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 127. Percentage of high school students who ever took prescription pain medicine without a doctor’s prescription or differently than how a doctor told them to use it,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 14.4 (12.7–16.3) 13.4 (12.1–14.7) 14.0 (12.7–15.4)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 14.0 (11.5–16.8) 12.9 (11.1–14.9) 13.5 (11.8–15.4)
Black§ 12.5 (9.6–16.1) 11.9 (9.9–14.1) 12.3 (10.6–14.1)
Hispanic 16.1 (13.4–19.2) 14.0 (11.0–17.7) 15.1 (12.4–18.1)
Grade
9 12.1 (9.9–14.8) 9.7 (7.9–11.8) 10.9 (9.5–12.6)
10 13.3 (10.8–16.3) 12.2 (9.6–15.5) 12.8 (10.8–15.1)
11 16.4 (13.6–19.6) 14.3 (12.1–16.9) 15.4 (13.4–17.8)
12 16.2 (13.2–19.6) 17.7 (14.4–21.7) 17.0 (14.3–20.0)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 12.9 (11.3–14.6) 12.8 (11.3–14.5) 12.9 (11.6–14.3)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 23.8 (19.4–28.8) 25.4 (19.1–32.9) 24.3 (20.5–28.6)
Not sure 18.7 (12.7–26.9) 13.7 (8.2–21.9) 17.7 (13.4–23.1)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 18.9 (16.7–21.3) 20.8 (18.2–23.7) 19.9 (17.8–22.2)
Same sex only or both sexes 37.2 (31.8–42.9) 29.8 (22.2–38.7) 35.3 (30.9–39.9)
No sexual contact 6.9 (5.8–8.2) 4.4 (3.6–5.4) 5.7 (5.0–6.5)

* Counting drugs such as codeine, Vicodin, OxyContin, Hydrocodone, and Percocet, one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 128. Percentage of high school students who ever took prescription pain medicine without a doctor’s prescription or differently than how a doctor told them to use it,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska 14.0 (11.3–17.2) 15.9 (13.0–19.3) 15.0 (12.9–17.3) —§ — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona 15.8 (13.2–18.7) 14.7 (12.3–17.6) 15.4 (13.5–17.4) 13.3 (11.4–15.5) 30.7 (22.8–40.0) 12.1 (5.1–25.7) — — — — — —
Arkansas 20.5 (16.6–25.2) 17.3 (14.8–20.0) 19.3 (17.0–21.7) 15.8 (13.4–18.5) 34.9 (22.0–50.5) 26.9 (14.7–44.1) 22.4 (19.5–25.7) 40.4 (29.2–52.6) 5.0 (3.3–7.6)
California 13.1 (9.9–17.1) 12.0 (10.0–14.2) 12.9 (11.4–14.6) 11.8 (10.2–13.7) 22.0 (14.8–31.5) 12.6 (5.0–28.5) 18.0 (14.3–22.5) 33.5 (24.3–44.2) 5.1 (3.8–6.7)
Colorado 11.8 (9.4–14.7) 14.2 (11.9–17.0) 13.1 (11.0–15.4) 13.3 (11.2–15.8) 17.7 (10.1–29.2) 14.0 (8.8–21.6) — — — — — —
Connecticut 10.1 (8.9–11.4) 10.1 (7.7–13.1) 10.1 (8.6–11.9) 7.7 (6.2–9.4) 22.4 (16.7–29.5) 17.1 (7.7–33.9) 11.9 (9.8–14.4) 32.6 (25.4–40.6) 2.6 (1.6–4.2)
Delaware 10.7 (8.5–13.2) 9.2 (7.5–11.2) 10.1 (8.8–11.6) 8.9 (7.5–10.6) 16.9 (11.7–23.7) 27.6 (16.7–42.2) 13.6 (11.4–16.2) 24.4 (17.4–33.0) 3.3 (2.2–5.0)
Florida 10.6 (9.2–12.1) 11.6 (10.2–13.2) 11.2 (10.1–12.4) 8.9 (7.9–10.0) 23.8 (20.5–27.4) 21.6 (16.0–28.5) 14.6 (12.7–16.8) 32.7 (29.1–36.6) 3.9 (3.2–4.7)
Hawaii 10.7 (9.5–12.1) 12.8 (10.3–15.7) 12.2 (10.8–13.8) 9.6 (8.4–11.0) 27.0 (23.2–31.2) 14.1 (10.2–19.2) 16.7 (14.3–19.4) 34.2 (28.5–40.3) 4.2 (3.4–5.1)
Idaho 17.1 (14.5–19.9) 10.9 (8.9–13.3) 13.9 (12.1–15.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 14.9 (12.1–18.4) 13.4 (11.2–15.9) 14.1 (12.0–16.6) 12.0 (9.8–14.6) 25.0 (19.6–31.4) 19.3 (12.6–28.4) 18.0 (15.0–21.5) 44.2 (35.0–53.8) 4.6 (2.9–7.2)
Iowa 11.5 (8.3–15.7) 13.2 (9.6–17.9) 12.6 (9.7–16.2) 10.6 (7.9–14.0) 24.0 (14.8–36.5) 18.9 (7.6–39.8) 17.3 (13.0–22.7) 38.2 (27.2–50.7) 2.8 (1.5–5.0)
Kansas 15.9 (13.4–18.7) 13.1 (10.9–15.7) 14.5 (12.8–16.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 11.9 (10.1–13.9) 9.5 (7.3–12.2) 10.9 (9.3–12.8) 8.1 (6.7–9.9) 29.6 (22.6–37.7) 17.2 (8.0–33.1) 13.6 (10.9–16.8) 32.7 (24.4–42.2) 3.7 (2.6–5.2)
Louisiana 17.5 (13.5–22.4) 20.2 (17.1–23.7) 19.3 (16.5–22.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine 8.5 (7.5–9.7) 8.9 (8.0–9.8) 8.8 (8.1–9.6) 7.3 (6.6–8.0) 17.1 (14.4–20.1) 15.9 (11.2–22.0) 10.6 (9.8–11.5) 24.1 (20.8–27.8) 2.8 (2.4–3.4)
Maryland 13.2 (12.6–13.9) 13.5 (12.8–14.2) 13.7 (13.2–14.3) 10.6 (10.1–11.1) 28.4 (26.7–30.1) 20.0 (18.1–22.2) — — — — — —
Massachusetts — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Michigan 18.1 (14.4–22.5) 14.0 (10.2–19.0) 16.1 (13.0–19.9) 13.1 (9.9–17.3) 37.6 (27.9–48.4) 25.2 (16.8–35.8) 20.0 (15.8–25.1) 43.8 (31.7–56.7) 6.7 (4.7–9.6)
Missouri 13.0 (10.7–15.6) 14.0 (11.4–17.0) 13.7 (11.5–16.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 14.6 (13.2–16.2) 12.6 (11.1–14.3) 13.7 (12.6–14.9) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 15.0 (12.3–18.1) 13.2 (10.1–17.1) 14.3 (11.9–17.1) 12.0 (9.8–14.5) 39.9 (29.4–51.5) 13.3 (6.4–25.5) 21.2 (17.3–25.7) 46.0 (32.0–60.5) 6.1 (4.5–8.3)
Nevada 16.2 (13.2–19.7) 12.6 (10.3–15.2) 14.7 (12.8–16.9) 12.5 (10.6–14.6) 23.7 (17.5–31.4) 24.6 (16.4–35.2) 19.8 (16.9–23.2) 28.4 (20.1–38.5) 7.9 (5.9–10.4)
New Hampshire — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New Mexico 16.6 (14.4–19.0) 15.9 (13.3–18.8) 16.3 (14.2–18.6) 13.1 (11.2–15.2) 33.8 (29.7–38.1) 29.3 (22.9–36.6) 21.2 (18.9–23.6) 44.9 (40.3–49.5) 7.2 (5.7–9.0)
New York — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Carolina 14.9 (12.5–17.7) 14.9 (13.3–16.6) 15.0 (13.3–17.0) 12.4 (11.1–13.8) 29.2 (23.6–35.6) 29.0 (20.6–39.2) 18.9 (16.3–21.8) 31.9 (23.7–41.4) 6.1 (4.5–8.2)
North Dakota 14.9 (12.6–17.5) 13.9 (11.7–16.4) 14.4 (12.7–16.4) 12.9 (11.3–14.7) 31.0 (24.1–38.8) 11.5 (5.6–22.3) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 18.9 (15.2–23.2) 14.3 (10.5–19.0) 16.4 (13.9–19.3) 13.8 (11.4–16.6) 36.4 (26.8–47.3) 26.6 (14.2–44.1) 22.7 (18.4–27.5) 38.2 (28.8–48.6) 6.2 (4.4–8.7)
Pennsylvania 9.5 (8.1–11.2) 11.5 (9.3–14.2) 10.7 (9.1–12.5) 9.2 (7.7–11.0) 21.9 (16.8–28.0) 12.4 (8.0–18.7) 15.0 (12.6–17.7) 27.0 (19.9–35.4) 3.1 (2.2–4.5)
Rhode Island 8.1 (5.6–11.7) 10.6 (8.7–12.8) 9.8 (8.2–11.5) 8.7 (7.1–10.6) 13.6 (9.8–18.7) 18.2 (10.9–28.7) 11.7 (8.4–16.1) 25.5 (16.8–36.8) 3.2 (1.9–5.5)
South Carolina 14.3 (11.4–17.9) 15.3 (11.9–19.5) 15.2 (12.8–17.9) 12.5 (9.8–15.7) 31.4 (25.2–38.4) 21.7 (11.1–38.0) 18.9 (15.9–22.4) 40.6 (30.0–52.3) 5.0 (3.3–7.5)
Tennessee 13.7 (11.4–16.4) 12.0 (9.3–15.2) 13.2 (11.2–15.6) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 14.9 (12.0–18.4) 14.5 (11.3–18.5) 14.9 (12.8–17.3) 13.3 (11.1–15.8) 22.1 (16.0–29.8) 26.4 (15.6–41.1) 21.1 (18.1–24.5) 34.3 (23.6–47.0) 6.1 (4.9–7.5)
Utah 9.3 (7.2–11.9) 9.1 (7.0–11.7) 9.4 (7.6–11.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont 7.4 (6.9–8.0) 8.0 (7.5–8.5) 7.8 (7.5–8.2) 6.6 (6.2–7.0) 15.5 (14.0–17.2) 13.7 (11.6–16.2) 9.7 (9.1–10.3) 26.7 (24.3–29.2) 2.2 (1.9–2.5)
Virginia 13.2 (11.5–15.0) 11.9 (10.3–13.9) 12.6 (11.3–14.0) — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 10.8 (8.5–13.6) 13.4 (10.2–17.4) 12.5 (9.9–15.7) 10.2 (8.0–12.9) 30.8 (19.5–45.0) 16.4 (7.8–31.2) 17.0 (13.0–21.9) 28.6 (19.5–39.8) 3.1 (1.8–5.2)
Wisconsin 10.4 (8.1–13.3) 11.8 (8.9–15.4) 11.2 (9.0–13.8) 10.1 (7.9–12.8) 16.4 (11.6–22.7) 15.7 (11.8–20.5) 15.1 (12.4–18.1) 33.2 (23.6–44.5) 3.6 (2.2–5.8)
Median 13.4 13.1 13.7 11.8 25.0 18.2 17.3 33.2 4.2
Range 7.4–20.5 8.0–20.2 7.8–19.3 6.6–15.8 13.6–39.9 11.5–29.3 9.7–22.7 24.1–46.0 2.2–7.9
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 10.7 (7.6–14.9) 15.3 (10.8–21.2) 13.2 (9.9–17.5) 9.7 (7.2–13.1) 18.3 (10.6–29.6) 25.7 (15.9–38.9) 13.2 (9.1–18.8) 25.0 (15.5–37.6) 5.0 (2.6–9.2)
Boston, MA 8.4 (6.5–10.9) 9.0 (6.8–11.8) 8.9 (7.3–10.8) 7.7 (6.2–9.5) 17.4 (10.9–26.7) 10.2 (4.7–21.1) 9.8 (7.8–12.3) 23.1 (15.2–33.5) 4.0 (2.6–6.1)
Broward County, FL 11.0 (7.6–15.7) 11.8 (8.3–16.4) 11.8 (8.8–15.6) 9.9 (6.9–14.1) 24.2 (15.9–35.1) 11.3 (4.5–25.8) 15.0 (10.1–21.6) 29.4 (19.3–42.0) 3.9 (2.5–6.0)
Chicago, IL 13.5 (10.2–17.6) 15.9 (12.7–19.8) 15.0 (12.2–18.4) 12.9 (10.6–15.5) 21.9 (15.4–30.2) 21.9 (12.2–36.0) 19.0 (14.8–23.9) 30.8 (22.0–41.3) 5.7 (3.8–8.3)
Cleveland, OH 16.8 (14.2–19.7) 18.8 (15.5–22.7) 18.0 (15.6–20.6) 16.9 (14.4–19.8) 21.2 (14.9–29.3) 23.3 (12.8–38.7) 18.5 (15.1–22.5) 30.9 (23.8–39.0) 9.6 (7.4–12.5)
DeKalb County, GA 13.0 (10.7–15.8) 15.2 (12.4–18.6) 14.2 (12.4–16.2) 10.7 (9.2–12.5) 30.2 (23.0–38.6) 24.1 (16.5–33.8) 16.7 (14.3–19.4) 38.2 (30.3–46.8) 4.9 (3.4–7.0)
Detroit, MI 11.3 (9.5–13.5) 14.6 (11.5–18.3) 13.1 (11.0–15.5) 10.9 (8.9–13.1) 21.8 (15.5–29.8) 23.8 (12.2–41.2) 17.9 (14.9–21.4) 20.8 (14.8–28.3) 5.2 (3.7–7.3)
District of Columbia 12.9 (11.8–14.1) 16.7 (15.4–18.1) 15.4 (14.5–16.3) 13.2 (12.2–14.1) 24.0 (21.3–27.0) 24.2 (19.7–29.3) 16.2 (14.8–17.8) 31.4 (28.0–34.9) 5.2 (4.4–6.2)
Duval County, FL 18.7 (16.7–20.7) 16.3 (14.2–18.7) 18.1 (16.5–19.7) 13.0 (11.5–14.7) 32.5 (27.8–37.5) 34.2 (27.1–42.2) 19.8 (17.6–22.3) 34.8 (30.8–39.1) 7.3 (5.5–9.6)
Ft. Worth, TX 13.3 (11.5–15.2) 11.9 (10.1–13.9) 12.8 (11.5–14.2) 10.4 (9.3–11.7) 28.2 (23.3–33.7) 19.2 (12.2–28.9) 17.2 (15.1–19.5) 36.5 (29.5–44.1) 5.2 (4.1–6.5)
Houston, TX 12.1 (10.4–13.9) 13.3 (11.3–15.6) 12.9 (11.6–14.4) 10.8 (9.5–12.2) 20.3 (15.7–25.7) 22.9 (15.7–32.1) 17.4 (14.9–20.1) 29.1 (22.7–36.5) 5.7 (4.6–7.2)
Los Angeles, CA 10.3 (7.9–13.3) 10.9 (8.4–13.9) 10.6 (8.5–13.1) 9.9 (7.7–12.5) 20.6 (11.4–34.4) 6.4 (2.0–18.8) 15.7 (12.3–19.9) 28.7 (19.4–40.3) 4.6 (3.3–6.4)
Miami-Dade County, FL 11.8 (10.2–13.6) 14.7 (11.9–18.1) 13.6 (11.8–15.5) 10.5 (9.2–11.8) 26.9 (21.0–33.8) 29.6 (20.4–40.9) 15.4 (13.1–18.0) 32.8 (25.5–41.0) 5.7 (4.5–7.1)
New York City, NY — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oakland, CA 9.6 (7.9–11.6) 13.0 (10.5–16.1) 11.6 (9.9–13.6) 10.5 (8.7–12.6) 21.3 (15.9–27.9) 8.5 (3.9–17.6) 18.7 (15.8–21.9) 23.6 (16.6–32.3) 3.6 (2.3–5.5)
Orange County, FL 12.3 (10.0–15.1) 11.5 (8.8–14.8) 12.7 (10.6–15.1) 9.1 (7.4–11.1) 27.2 (19.8–36.0) 32.3 (20.8–46.5) 15.2 (12.3–18.8) 33.9 (25.8–43.0) 4.9 (3.2–7.4)
Palm Beach County, FL 10.3 (8.1–12.9) 10.6 (8.4–13.1) 10.7 (9.0–12.6) 7.6 (6.2–9.2) 26.1 (19.6–33.9) 23.0 (14.4–34.7) 12.7 (10.2–15.7) 31.2 (23.8–39.8) 3.5 (2.5–4.9)
Philadelphia, PA 8.6 (6.3–11.6) 12.0 (8.6–16.5) 10.3 (7.9–13.4) 8.8 (6.2–12.4) 18.5 (12.0–27.5) 19.5 (8.2–39.6) 10.2 (7.3–14.1) 23.8 (15.7–34.4) 4.9 (2.7–8.7)
San Diego, CA 11.5 (9.5–13.9) 9.8 (7.5–12.8) 10.8 (9.1–12.7) 10.2 (8.5–12.2) 15.9 (10.8–22.7) 12.2 (7.0–20.3) 14.9 (12.3–17.9) 24.8 (18.1–33.0) 4.3 (3.1–6.0)
San Francisco, CA 9.4 (7.7–11.3) 12.1 (10.0–14.6) 11.0 (9.6–12.5) 10.1 (8.6–11.9) 15.5 (10.7–21.9) 14.3 (8.8–22.3) 16.7 (14.0–19.9) 30.4 (22.2–40.1) 4.8 (3.7–6.3)
Shelby County, TN 16.5 (13.8–19.5) 16.0 (13.2–19.2) 16.8 (14.7–19.2) 13.5 (11.5–15.9) 31.9 (24.4–40.4) 27.9 (17.0–42.3) 17.4 (14.7–20.5) 40.4 (31.6–49.9) 7.6 (4.9–11.5)
Median 11.6 13.1 12.8 10.4 21.9 23.0 16.5 30.6 4.9
Range 8.4–18.7 9.0–18.8 8.9–18.1 7.6–16.9 15.5–32.5 6.4–34.2 9.8–19.8 20.8–40.4 3.5–9.6

* Counting drugs such as codeine, Vicodin, OxyContin, Hydrocodone, and Percocet, one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 129. Percentage of high school students who ever injected any illegal drug,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 0.8 (0.6–1.3) 2.0 (1.5–2.5) 1.5 (1.2–1.8)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 0.5 (0.2–1.3) 1.4 (0.9–2.2) 1.0 (0.7–1.4)
Black§ 1.1 (0.5–2.5) 2.6 (1.7–4.0) 1.9 (1.2–3.1)
Hispanic 0.9 (0.5–1.4) 2.1 (1.3–3.2) 1.5 (1.0–2.1)
Grade
9 0.6 (0.3–1.1) 2.1 (1.3–3.4) 1.3 (0.9–2.1)
10 0.6 (0.4–1.0) 1.9 (1.2–3.1) 1.3 (0.9–1.9)
11 0.7 (0.3–1.8) 1.4 (0.8–2.3) 1.1 (0.7–1.7)
12 1.3 (0.7–2.4) 2.4 (1.7–3.5) 1.9 (1.4–2.6)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 0.4 (0.2–0.7) 1.5 (1.2–2.0) 1.0 (0.8–1.3)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 2.3 (1.5–3.7) 5.7 (3.1–10.1) 3.4 (2.3–4.9)
Not sure 3.4 (1.3–8.9) 8.0 (4.0–15.3) 6.1 (3.3–10.9)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 0.3 (0.2–0.5) 2.4 (1.8–3.1) 1.4 (1.1–1.8)
Same sex only or both sexes 4.3 (2.6–7.1) 11.2 (5.6–21.0) 6.0 (4.1–8.9)
No sexual contact 0.3 (0.1–0.9) 0.1 (0.0–0.4) 0.2 (0.1–0.5)

* Used a needle to inject any illegal drug into their body, one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 130. Percentage of high school students who ever injected any illegal drug,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska —§ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arkansas 7.8 (3.5–16.7) 6.3 (3.8–10.2) 7.4 (4.3–12.4) 5.1 (2.4–10.7) 18.6 (12.8–26.3) 10.3 (4.8–20.6) 4.5 (2.5–8.1) 19.8 (11.3–32.4) 0.5 (0.2–1.8)
California 0.7 (0.2–1.8) 2.8 (1.4–5.3) 1.8 (1.1–3.0) 1.7 (1.0–2.9) 1.6 (0.4–5.9) 4.4 (1.0–17.3) 2.4 (1.2–4.8) 4.7 (1.7–12.5) 0.3 (0.1–1.0)
Colorado — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Connecticut 1.1 (0.5–2.3) 3.5 (2.3–5.1) 2.3 (1.6–3.2) 1.5 (0.9–2.4) 6.9 (3.5–13.1) 2.2 (0.5–9.5) 2.2 (1.3–3.8) 8.0 (4.2–14.5) 0.2 (0.0–0.9)
Delaware 0.7 (0.4–1.4) 1.9 (1.0–3.6) 1.4 (0.9–2.2) 0.8 (0.4–1.6) 4.0 (1.9–7.9) 9.0 (2.7–25.6) 1.2 (0.7–2.1) 9.3 (4.6–17.9) 0.1 (0.0–0.3)
Florida — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hawaii 1.2 (0.8–1.8) 4.0 (3.0–5.2) 2.8 (2.3–3.5) 1.5 (1.2–1.9) 9.3 (6.2–13.7) 6.8 (3.6–12.4) 2.7 (1.7–4.0) 10.0 (6.4–15.2) 0.1 (0.0–0.4)
Idaho 1.2 (0.6–2.6) 1.7 (0.9–3.2) 1.5 (1.0–2.1) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 2.7 (1.6–4.5) 3.4 (2.2–5.3) 3.2 (2.2–4.8) 2.4 (1.6–3.8) 7.8 (4.2–13.9) 2.4 (0.7–7.5) 2.5 (1.5–4.2) 11.4 (6.7–18.7) 0.6 (0.3–1.2)
Iowa 2.1 (1.2–3.6) 3.4 (2.1–5.3) 3.0 (1.9–4.5) 1.9 (1.1–3.2) 7.6 (4.8–11.7) 12.1 (4.2–30.4) 2.4 (1.5–4.0) 10.9 (5.7–20.0) 0.3 (0.1–1.3)
Kansas — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 2.0 (1.2–3.1) 2.7 (1.7–4.2) 2.5 (1.8–3.4) 1.6 (1.0–2.5) 7.5 (4.1–13.2) 6.1 (2.4–14.8) 1.5 (0.8–3.0) 12.0 (7.2–19.3) 0.2 (0.0–1.2)
Louisiana 4.7 (2.3–9.6) 10.6 (7.8–14.3) 8.0 (5.6–11.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maryland 2.4 (2.1–2.7) 4.8 (4.4–5.2) 3.8 (3.5–4.1) 2.1 (1.9–2.4) 10.1 (8.9–11.3) 9.8 (8.2–11.6) — — — — — —
Massachusetts — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Michigan 1.4 (0.6–3.2) 2.4 (1.5–3.7) 1.9 (1.2–2.9) 0.7 (0.4–1.5) 8.9 (4.9–15.7) 8.3 (4.1–16.4) 1.4 (0.7–2.8) 11.9 (5.1–25.4) 0.0 —
Missouri — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 1.5 (1.1–2.2) 2.0 (1.4–2.9) 1.8 (1.4–2.4) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 1.4 (0.7–2.6) 1.5 (0.7–3.3) 1.6 (0.9–2.7) 0.7 (0.3–1.6) 9.3 (5.1–16.3) 4.4 (1.2–14.9) 1.9 (0.7–4.6) 8.2 (3.5–18.0) 0.1 (0.0–1.0)
Nevada 1.8 (1.1–3.0) 2.0 (1.4–2.9) 2.1 (1.5–3.0) 1.2 (0.7–2.0) 5.3 (2.4–11.3) 10.6 (3.6–27.5) 2.2 (1.3–3.8) 4.4 (1.6–11.8) 0.7 (0.3–1.8)
New Hampshire — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
New Mexico 2.4 (1.7–3.4) 3.9 (2.8–5.6) 3.3 (2.4–4.5) 1.4 (0.9–2.1) 10.2 (6.7–15.2) 17.7 (12.1–25.2) 3.1 (2.2–4.4) 17.4 (13.6–22.0) 0.4 (0.2–0.8)
New York 1.7 (1.0–2.9) 4.3 (2.7–6.6) 3.4 (2.3–5.0) 1.5 (1.0–2.4) 11.9 (8.3–16.7) 8.8 (5.3–14.3) 2.9 (2.0–4.4) 12.9 (7.4–21.5) 0.3 (0.1–0.7)
North Carolina — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Dakota — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oklahoma 1.8 (0.9–3.4) 1.6 (0.8–3.3) 1.7 (1.0–2.7) 0.8 (0.5–1.4) 8.8 (4.0–18.1) 3.7 (0.8–16.3) 1.4 (0.8–2.4) 14.6 (7.4–26.5) 0.0 —
Pennsylvania 0.8 (0.4–1.6) 2.3 (1.6–3.4) 1.6 (1.2–2.3) 1.0 (0.7–1.6) 4.1 (2.1–7.8) 3.4 (1.3–8.8) 1.6 (1.0–2.7) 4.2 (1.9–8.9) 0.3 (0.1–1.0)
Rhode Island — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
South Carolina 2.6 (1.6–4.2) 5.3 (3.4–8.2) 4.4 (2.9–6.4) 2.9 (1.9–4.5) 8.5 (4.9–14.2) 12.7 (3.9–34.2) 3.5 (2.0–6.1) 11.2 (4.9–23.5) 0.3 (0.1–1.5)
Tennessee 1.0 (0.4–2.7) 3.3 (2.2–5.0) 2.3 (1.5–3.5) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 1.8 (1.0–3.4) 2.8 (1.7–4.5) 2.4 (1.7–3.5) 1.5 (1.0–2.2) 8.6 (3.9–18.0) 2.0 (0.4–9.3) 1.8 (1.0–3.1) 10.1 (6.3–15.8) 0.8 (0.3–2.2)
Utah 2.7 (1.4–5.1) 2.6 (1.4–4.8) 2.7 (1.5–4.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Virginia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 3.6 (1.7–7.3) 2.5 (1.4–4.4) 1.6 (0.9–2.9) 7.4 (3.3–15.8) 4.6 (1.4–14.0) 2.4 (1.3–4.4) 8.4 (3.1–20.8) 0.3 (0.1–1.3)
Wisconsin — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Median 1.7 3.0 2.4 1.5 8.5 6.8 2.3 10.5 0.3
Range 0.7–7.8 1.5–10.6 1.4–8.0 0.7–5.1 1.6–18.6 2.0–17.7 1.2–4.5 4.2–19.8 0.0–0.8
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 2.8 (1.4–5.6) 8.6 (5.4–13.4) 6.1 (4.1–8.9) 3.6 (2.0–6.3) 11.9 (6.4–21.1) 11.1 (3.8–28.5) 5.5 (2.8–10.3) 10.4 (5.2–19.8) 0.3 (0.1–1.6)
Boston, MA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Broward County, FL 0.4 (0.1–1.3) 3.1 (1.4–6.6) 2.0 (1.0–3.9) 1.5 (0.6–4.0) 5.5 (2.3–12.8) 2.1 (0.4–9.9) 1.7 (0.5–5.6) 4.7 (2.1–9.9) 0.0 —
Chicago, IL 2.6 (1.1–6.1) 5.2 (3.4–7.7) 4.1 (2.5–6.7) 2.1 (1.3–3.5) 12.2 (6.4–22.0) 6.9 (2.5–17.6) 3.4 (1.9–5.9) 9.0 (4.5–17.3) 0.6 (0.2–1.9)
Cleveland, OH — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DeKalb County, GA 1.8 (1.1–3.0) 3.5 (2.4–5.1) 2.7 (1.9–3.7) 2.2 (1.5–3.2) 5.8 (2.9–11.1) 2.5 (0.6–10.2) 3.7 (2.5–5.5) 4.5 (2.0–9.9) 0.8 (0.3–2.1)
Detroit, MI 2.1 (1.3–3.3) 6.2 (3.8–9.8) 4.0 (2.7–6.0) 2.4 (1.4–4.3) 7.8 (4.0–14.8) 14.6 (7.4–26.8) 2.1 (1.0–4.4) 11.3 (6.8–18.2) 1.0 (0.4–2.5)
District of Columbia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Duval County, FL — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Ft. Worth, TX 1.6 (1.1–2.4) 2.9 (2.1–3.9) 2.4 (1.9–3.1) 1.8 (1.3–2.4) 7.5 (4.8–11.6) 3.1 (1.3–7.7) 2.3 (1.6–3.5) 5.4 (3.0–9.7) 0.7 (0.4–1.3)
Houston, TX 3.5 (2.5–4.8) 4.1 (3.0–5.6) 3.9 (3.0–5.0) 2.0 (1.5–2.7) 12.8 (9.0–17.9) 10.2 (5.3–18.8) 4.0 (2.8–5.5) 14.3 (9.2–21.4) 0.9 (0.4–1.6)
Los Angeles, CA 2.2 (1.3–3.9) 3.0 (1.8–4.8) 2.7 (1.8–4.0) 2.2 (1.5–3.2) 7.1 (2.5–18.3) 4.9 (1.0–20.8) 2.3 (1.0–5.3) 13.1 (5.2–29.2) 0.6 (0.2–2.4)
Miami-Dade County, FL 1.9 (1.1–3.2) 5.5 (4.0–7.4) 3.9 (2.9–5.3) 2.0 (1.4–2.7) 13.9 (8.4–22.1) 16.2 (9.2–27.1) 3.9 (2.6–5.6) 14.2 (8.4–23.0) 0.2 (0.0–0.8)
New York City, NY 1.4 (1.0–1.9) 3.6 (2.8–4.7) 2.7 (2.2–3.5) 1.5 (1.2–1.9) 7.2 (4.2–11.9) 5.8 (4.3–7.9) 2.6 (1.9–3.5) 10.5 (7.3–14.8) 0.3 (0.1–0.6)
Oakland, CA 2.0 (1.3–3.3) 3.8 (2.5–5.8) 3.2 (2.4–4.3) 2.9 (2.0–4.1) 3.7 (1.7–7.9) 5.5 (2.4–12.3) 3.7 (2.3–5.9) 10.4 (6.2–17.1) 0.4 (0.1–1.2)
Orange County, FL 2.0 (1.1–3.5) 4.4 (2.7–7.1) 3.5 (2.3–5.1) 1.9 (1.2–3.0) 12.4 (7.4–20.0) 10.1 (4.2–22.4) 2.9 (1.5–5.6) 14.8 (8.7–24.1) 0.5 (0.1–2.0)
Palm Beach County, FL 2.8 (1.8–4.3) 5.5 (3.9–7.6) 4.4 (3.3–5.8) 2.1 (1.5–2.9) 14.7 (9.8–21.5) 15.3 (8.7–25.4) 3.5 (2.3–5.1) 16.5 (10.6–24.9) 0.3 (0.1–0.9)
Philadelphia, PA 1.2 (0.6–2.3) 3.8 (2.2–6.8) 2.6 (1.6–4.2) 1.4 (0.6–3.3) 7.7 (3.6–15.8) 9.9 (1.7–41.0) 1.7 (0.7–4.4) 8.9 (3.4–21.7) 0.2 (0.0–1.4)
San Diego, CA 0.5 (0.2–1.1) 2.0 (1.2–3.2) 1.4 (1.0–2.1) 1.2 (0.8–2.0) 1.9 (0.8–4.6) 3.5 (1.2–9.8) 1.2 (0.7–2.2) 4.4 (1.7–10.7) 0.5 (0.1–1.6)
San Francisco, CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shelby County, TN 3.1 (2.2–4.3) 7.9 (5.8–10.8) 5.8 (4.6–7.3) 3.9 (2.8–5.3) 13.8 (9.4–19.9) 13.4 (5.8–27.9) 4.3 (3.1–5.8) 15.7 (10.6–22.6) 0.3 (0.1–1.2)
Median 2.0 3.9 3.3 2.1 7.7 8.4 3.1 10.5 0.4
Range 0.4–3.5 2.0–8.6 1.4–6.1 1.2–3.9 1.9–14.7 2.1–16.2 1.2–5.5 4.4–16.5 0.0–1.0

* Used a needle to inject any illegal drug into their body, one or more times during their life.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

TABLE 131. Percentage of high school students who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property,* by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017Return to your place in the text
Category Sex Total
Female Male
% CI† % CI % CI
Total 18.7 (16.8–20.7) 20.9 (19.4–22.5) 19.8 (18.3–21.4)
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 15.9 (13.6–18.6) 19.6 (17.5–21.8) 17.7 (15.7–19.9)
Black§ 18.2 (14.7–22.2) 19.6 (16.5–23.1) 18.9 (16.2–22.1)
Hispanic 25.0 (20.9–29.7) 25.8 (23.1–28.8) 25.4 (23.0–28.0)
Grade
9 18.3 (14.7–22.4) 19.7 (17.3–22.4) 18.9 (16.6–21.5)
10 18.5 (15.4–22.1) 22.1 (19.3–25.2) 20.3 (17.7–23.1)
11 19.8 (16.8–23.2) 20.4 (18.2–22.8) 20.0 (17.8–22.5)
12 17.8 (15.3–20.7) 21.5 (18.8–24.5) 19.6 (17.6–21.8)
Sexual identity
Heterosexual (straight) 17.2 (15.6–19.1) 20.4 (18.7–22.2) 18.9 (17.6–20.3)
Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 28.1 (23.7–33.0) 28.8 (22.6–36.0) 28.2 (24.4–32.5)
Not sure 18.7 (13.6–25.1) 19.9 (13.5–28.4) 19.6 (14.8–25.6)
Sex of sexual contacts
Opposite sex only 22.2 (20.1–24.5) 26.0 (23.7–28.4) 24.3 (22.5–26.1)
Same sex only or both sexes 33.1 (27.6–39.1) 28.5 (20.8–37.8) 31.9 (27.1–37.2)
No sexual contact 13.0 (11.1–15.1) 13.6 (11.6–16.0) 13.3 (11.8–15.0)

* During the 12 months before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Non-Hispanic.

TABLE 132. Percentage of high school students who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property,* by sex, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contacts — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2017Return to your place in the text
Site Sex Total Sexual identity Sex of sexual contacts
Female Male Heterosexual (straight) Gay, lesbian, or bisexual Not sure Opposite sex only Same sex only or both sexes No sexual contact
% CI† % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alaska —§ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Arizona 28.6 (23.7–34.0) 29.1 (25.3–33.4) 29.1 (25.7–32.9) 27.3 (24.3–30.5) 45.4 (33.3–58.0) 20.5 (9.2–39.8) — — — — — —
Arkansas 28.9 (19.8–40.0) 32.4 (21.7–45.3) 30.7 (21.4–41.9) 27.6 (20.0–36.8) 50.0 (32.0–67.9) 23.8 (9.8–47.4) 32.2 (24.7–40.9) 46.9 (26.2–68.6) 14.9 (11.6–19.1)
California 26.9 (23.5–30.5) 27.1 (22.8–31.9) 27.0 (24.0–30.3) 26.8 (24.1–29.6) 31.0 (23.2–40.0) 22.1 (11.9–37.3) 34.7 (30.3–39.3) 42.2 (28.2–57.6) 17.3 (15.1–19.9)
Colorado 17.0 (14.2–20.1) 18.3 (15.5–21.5) 18.0 (16.3–19.7) 18.4 (16.9–20.0) 19.0 (11.9–28.9) 19.8 (8.0–41.2) — — — — — —
Connecticut 28.0 (24.8–31.5) 29.0 (25.3–33.1) 28.6 (25.8–31.6) 27.5 (24.7–30.4) 35.8 (27.8–44.7) 31.8 (20.2–46.2) 34.6 (30.2–39.2) 43.6 (35.3–52.2) 18.0 (15.3–21.2)
Delaware 15.6 (13.5–18.0) 18.1 (15.1–21.7) 16.8 (14.7–19.0) 16.4 (14.2–19.0) 22.2 (15.9–30.0) 16.7 (7.3–33.9) 22.3 (19.3–25.6) 28.7 (20.4–38.8) 8.4 (6.4–11.1)
Florida 15.4 (13.4–17.6) 18.3 (16.9–19.9) 17.0 (15.7–18.4) 15.4 (14.1–16.9) 27.3 (23.5–31.4) 20.3 (15.5–26.0) 22.1 (20.1–24.2) 34.2 (28.8–40.1) 9.1 (7.8–10.5)
Hawaii — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Idaho 20.5 (18.0–23.1) 24.0 (20.6–27.7) 22.2 (19.8–24.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Illinois 24.3 (21.9–26.8) 25.9 (20.7–31.9) 25.3 (22.0–28.8) 24.3 (20.7–28.3) 32.1 (26.0–38.9) 28.9 (19.8–40.1) 31.8 (27.4–36.5) 38.8 (31.7–46.6) 15.8 (12.5–19.8)
Iowa 21.4 (15.7–28.5) 22.2 (18.7–26.1) 22.1 (18.1–26.8) 21.0 (16.8–25.9) 26.5 (19.1–35.5) 28.4 (15.3–46.5) 26.0 (19.1–34.4) 29.1 (20.0–40.2) 13.7 (11.7–16.0)
Kansas 17.9 (15.5–20.7) 18.1 (15.1–21.5) 18.0 (16.0–20.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Kentucky 21.3 (18.4–24.5) 23.0 (20.1–26.3) 22.4 (20.0–25.1) 20.2 (18.0–22.5) 37.9 (29.8–46.7) 31.3 (20.4–44.9) 24.6 (20.7–29.0) 50.6 (42.7–58.5) 13.9 (11.6–16.6)
Louisiana 27.7 (22.9–33.1) 29.5 (23.8–35.9) 28.5 (24.8–32.6) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Maine 12.3 (11.1–13.6) 15.5 (13.7–17.5) 14.0 (12.7–15.5) 13.1 (11.7–14.7) 19.0 (16.3–21.9) 18.9 (14.6–24.1) 15.7 (13.9–17.8) 24.0 (21.4–26.7) 8.4 (7.2–9.8)
Maryland 22.2 (21.4–23.0) 24.6 (23.9–25.4) 23.5 (23.0–24.1) 22.0 (21.4–22.6) 32.0 (30.3–33.6) 25.4 (22.8–28.1) — — — — — —
Massachusetts 18.6 (16.5–20.9) 21.7 (19.1–24.5) 20.1 (18.3–22.1) 19.0 (17.1–21.1) 26.5 (20.2–33.9) 25.2 (16.5–36.4) 24.9 (22.0–28.1) 30.7 (24.4–37.8) 12.5 (10.6–14.7)
Michigan 24.6 (19.9–29.9) 27.5 (24.0–31.2) 26.0 (22.3–30.1) 24.7 (21.6–28.1) 38.7 (26.7–52.2) 27.5 (17.0–41.1) 30.7 (25.0–37.1) 46.0 (37.2–55.0) 17.1 (13.9–20.8)
Missouri — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Montana 19.9 (18.1–21.7) 23.5 (21.2–25.9) 21.7 (20.3–23.2) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Nebraska 16.8 (13.2–21.1) 19.9 (16.3–24.0) 18.5 (15.9–21.5) 17.8 (15.2–20.7) 29.0 (20.3–39.6) 17.8 (9.4–31.1) 24.8 (19.5–31.0) 35.6 (22.9–50.7) 11.4 (9.3–14.0)
Nevada 29.3 (25.7–33.1) 30.5 (26.0–35.4) 29.8 (27.8–31.8) 28.9 (26.4–31.6) 31.1 (24.7–38.3) 39.5 (27.5–52.8) 36.1 (31.7–40.7) 36.5 (27.4–46.5) 22.7 (19.9–25.8)
New Hampshire 14.8 (13.6–16.0) 17.4 (16.1–18.7) 16.3 (15.4–17.1) 14.9 (14.1–15.8) 25.2 (22.3–28.4) 20.6 (16.8–25.1) 21.0 (19.7–22.3) 39.3 (34.6–44.2) 8.3 (7.4–9.3)
New Mexico 24.9 (22.5–27.4) 27.3 (25.1–29.7) 26.2 (24.3–28.1) 25.1 (23.6–26.6) 34.1 (29.2–39.4) 30.0 (22.1–39.4) 30.1 (27.9–32.3) 42.5 (37.0–48.3) 18.9 (16.5–21.7)
New York — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
North Carolina 19.8 (18.1–21.6) 23.8 (20.6–27.3) 21.9 (19.8–24.1) 20.1 (18.3–22.0) 33.8 (27.8–40.5) 24.3 (16.8–33.8) 25.4 (21.8–29.4) 39.6 (32.1–47.6) 13.5 (11.5–15.7)
North Dakota 9.9 (8.0–12.2) 14.1 (11.4–17.2) 12.1 (10.4–14.0) 11.4 (9.6–13.4) 19.5 (14.3–26.0) 10.9 (5.9–19.4) — — — — — —
Oklahoma 23.1 (18.8–28.1) 21.8 (18.7–25.3) 22.5 (19.7–25.5) 20.9 (18.6–23.5) 39.7 (27.0–54.0) 14.1 (5.8–30.4) 23.7 (20.2–27.7) 48.1 (36.0–60.4) 16.5 (12.6–21.2)
Pennsylvania 15.4 (13.6–17.4) 20.0 (17.6–22.6) 17.9 (16.1–19.7) 16.9 (15.4–18.5) 26.0 (19.7–33.4) 17.3 (10.6–27.0) 20.6 (18.5–22.9) 32.8 (25.2–41.4) 11.1 (9.5–12.8)
Rhode Island — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
South Carolina 23.9 (20.7–27.4) 27.7 (23.2–32.7) 26.0 (22.9–29.4) 25.0 (21.5–29.0) 34.6 (25.2–45.4) 38.7 (24.5–55.1) 28.7 (23.9–34.0) 39.2 (28.6–50.9) 17.9 (14.2–22.4)
Tennessee 23.0 (19.5–26.8) 24.4 (21.4–27.6) 23.7 (20.9–26.7) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Texas 26.0 (22.9–29.4) 27.5 (24.3–30.9) 26.7 (24.2–29.4) 25.7 (23.2–28.4) 32.8 (25.4–41.1) 32.1 (24.3–41.1) 29.2 (24.9–33.8) 37.8 (27.8–48.8) 20.6 (17.9–23.6)
Utah 24.3 (17.4–32.7) 27.1 (22.2–32.6) 25.9 (20.4–32.3) — — — — — — — — — — — —
Vermont 13.4 (12.7–14.1) 16.6 (15.9–17.3) 15.2 (14.7–15.7) 14.3 (13.8–14.8) 23.1 (21.3–25.0) 15.0 (12.9–17.5) 19.7 (19.0–20.5) 32.8 (30.2–35.4) 6.7 (6.2–7.3)
Virginia 14.3 (13.0–15.8) 16.5 (14.2–19.0) 15.5 (14.0–17.1) — — — — — — — — — — — —
West Virginia 20.5 (18.0–23.2) 26.9 (21.8–32.7) 24.0 (20.8–27.4) 22.8 (20.1–25.8) 35.3 (24.5–47.8) 17.7 (8.2–34.2) 24.6 (20.9–28.8) 38.3 (26.2–52.0) 16.0 (13.1–19.3)
Wisconsin 16.9 (13.7–20.6) 19.7 (17.0–22.7) 18.4 (16.4–20.6) 17.5 (15.4–20.0) 23.9 (17.8–31.3) 20.8 (14.3–29.3) 21.8 (18.7–25.3) 31.0 (22.5–41.0) 12.5 (10.4–14.9)
Median 20.9 23.6 22.3 20.9 31.1 22.1 24.9 38.3 13.9
Range 9.9–29.3 14.1–32.4 12.1–30.7 11.4–28.9 19.0–50.0 10.9–39.5 15.7–36.1 24.0–50.6 6.7–22.7
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 23.9 (19.5–29.0) 31.9 (24.4–40.5) 27.8 (23.9–32.0) 25.6 (20.9–31.0) 29.8 (22.6–38.0) 37.7 (20.1–59.2) 28.2 (22.3–34.8) 36.9 (27.7–47.2) 20.3 (14.7–27.3)
Boston, MA 18.4 (15.2–22.2) 23.6 (20.0–27.6) 21.0 (18.4–23.9) 19.7 (16.8–23.0) 24.9 (18.8–32.2) 26.3 (17.7–37.2) 23.9 (19.8–28.5) 30.2 (22.6–39.1) 13.7 (10.8–17.1)
Broward County, FL 28.5 (23.0–34.8) 29.5 (23.4–36.4) 29.0 (24.2–34.4) 27.6 (22.3–33.6) 35.0 (24.1–47.7) 32.4 (16.2–54.2) 33.2 (24.4–43.4) 35.3 (22.8–50.3) 19.3 (15.0–24.5)
Chicago, IL 32.7 (29.3–36.4) 31.2 (26.9–35.9) 32.2 (29.2–35.3) 31.6 (28.2–35.3) 33.7 (27.3–40.9) 38.3 (25.8–52.4) 37.2 (31.9–42.8) 46.2 (37.6–55.1) 22.7 (19.6–26.1)
Cleveland, OH 18.4 (15.4–21.9) 21.0 (17.5–25.0) 19.7 (17.4–22.2) 19.8 (17.0–23.0) 18.7 (12.5–26.9) 23.5 (14.1–36.5) 21.4 (17.9–25.3) 26.1 (19.8–33.6) 12.9 (9.7–17.1)
DeKalb County, GA 23.9 (21.1–27.0) 30.4 (27.4–33.6) 27.2 (25.0–29.5) 26.1 (23.8–28.6) 31.9 (25.8–38.8) 33.2 (22.3–46.2) 32.5 (29.2–36.0) 39.9 (32.0–48.5) 16.4 (13.7–19.6)
Detroit, MI 28.8 (25.0–32.9) 34.0 (30.0–38.2) 31.1 (28.3–34.0) 29.7 (26.5–33.1) 38.0 (28.6–48.3) 31.6 (19.1–47.4) 36.8 (31.8–42.1) 38.3 (28.1–49.8) 21.6 (18.4–25.2)
District of Columbia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Duval County, FL 25.2 (23.1–27.4) 28.5 (25.5–31.6) 27.0 (25.3–28.8) 24.8 (22.9–26.8) 34.3 (29.5–39.4) 34.8 (27.3–43.2) 28.2 (25.4–31.0) 38.1 (32.6–43.9) 16.7 (14.3–19.4)
Ft. Worth, TX 25.6 (23.5–27.9) 29.4 (27.1–31.8) 27.6 (26.0–29.3) 27.2 (25.5–28.9) 33.7 (27.8–40.2) 25.1 (17.5–34.7) 35.0 (32.1–38.0) 40.0 (32.5–48.0) 19.3 (17.2–21.5)
Houston, TX 25.9 (23.4–28.5) 29.0 (26.2–31.9) 27.5 (25.6–29.4) 26.2 (24.1–28.5) 35.3 (30.4–40.6) 31.0 (24.1–38.8) 31.8 (28.9–34.8) 42.1 (34.3–50.3) 19.1 (16.8–21.5)
Los Angeles, CA 28.8 (25.2–32.7) 29.5 (25.7–33.6) 29.3 (26.9–31.8) 27.9 (25.1–30.9) 41.8 (33.8–50.2) 41.3 (26.1–58.4) 35.3 (30.9–40.0) 43.5 (33.3–54.2) 22.9 (19.9–26.2)
Miami-Dade County, FL 30.4 (27.5–33.5) 30.5 (27.2–33.9) 30.5 (28.5–32.7) 29.6 (27.5–31.9) 37.4 (31.1–44.1) 32.2 (21.9–44.5) 35.5 (31.9–39.4) 42.7 (34.9–50.9) 19.9 (17.3–22.8)
New York City, NY — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oakland, CA 31.7 (28.2–35.3) 26.7 (23.5–30.2) 29.1 (26.7–31.6) 27.8 (25.2–30.6) 36.6 (28.4–45.6) 37.0 (26.0–49.6) 36.7 (33.0–40.5) 44.9 (34.8–55.4) 21.7 (18.9–24.7)
Orange County, FL 27.0 (22.7–31.7) 31.6 (27.6–36.0) 29.3 (26.8–32.0) 27.9 (25.2–30.7) 36.7 (29.1–45.0) 30.8 (20.5–43.4) 36.4 (32.1–41.0) 46.4 (36.3–57.0) 18.9 (15.6–22.8)
Palm Beach County, FL 24.3 (21.3–27.6) 24.4 (22.0–27.1) 24.5 (22.4–26.7) 23.0 (20.6–25.5) 34.4 (27.8–41.8) 26.9 (19.2–36.4) 28.0 (24.6–31.6) 38.9 (30.6–48.0) 16.6 (14.1–19.4)
Philadelphia, PA 18.7 (16.5–21.1) 23.5 (18.9–28.8) 21.0 (18.1–24.3) 19.8 (17.2–22.6) 24.6 (16.2–35.5) 33.5 (21.2–48.5) 24.4 (20.2–29.1) 29.4 (19.8–41.1) 12.5 (10.1–15.4)
San Diego, CA 26.5 (23.5–29.6) 28.2 (25.0–31.6) 27.3 (25.0–29.8) 26.1 (23.8–28.5) 33.0 (26.4–40.3) 38.9 (26.4–52.9) 33.2 (29.3–37.2) 41.9 (32.0–52.6) 19.6 (16.6–22.8)
San Francisco, CA 20.7 (18.2–23.5) 22.5 (19.8–25.4) 21.7 (19.6–24.0) 20.6 (18.2–23.1) 32.0 (25.4–39.4) 23.7 (16.9–32.1) 33.3 (29.5–37.4) 42.4 (33.9–51.4) 13.2 (11.2–15.4)
Shelby County, TN 25.3 (22.1–28.9) 33.0 (29.8–36.5) 29.1 (26.6–31.6) 28.1 (25.5–30.8) 36.1 (27.2–46.0) 24.0 (13.7–38.5) 29.8 (25.7–34.2) 39.2 (30.2–49.1) 21.9 (18.1–26.1)
Median 25.6 29.4 27.6 26.2 34.3 32.2 33.2 39.9 19.3
Range 18.4–32.7 21.0–34.0 19.7–32.2 19.7–31.6 18.7–41.8 23.5–41.3 21.4–37.2 26.1–46.4 12.5–22.9

* During the 12 months before the survey.
† 95% confidence interval.
§ Not available.

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