Laboratory Testing for E. coli

Purpose

  • Get guidance for detecting Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC).
  • Learn about testing for other kinds of diarrheagenic E. coli.
  • Submit a STEC specimen to CDC for further characterization.
A lab worker in a white coat running tests in a laboratory.

Overview

Testing for STEC

Clinical and public health laboratories can use the following resources for detection and characterization of STEC infections:

Testing for other E. coli

Most U.S. clinical laboratories do not use tests that can detect diarrheagenic E. coli other than STEC, although some have nucleic acid amplification tests available that can detect enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and other pathotypes.

Public health laboratories can perform additional testing for non-STEC pathotypes; however, these labs usually do so only when investigating an outbreak of diarrheal illness of unknown origin.

In this situation, specimens may be submitted via state health departments to CDC for testing.

Submitting specimens

CDC offers confirmatory identification, serology, serotyping, subtyping, and virulence profiling for STEC.

Note: CDC accepts specimens for analysis only from state public health laboratories and other federal agencies. Private healthcare providers and institutions can submit specimens to their state public health laboratory for processing.