Step 2 - mPINC™ Tool

For Everyone

At a glance

Learn which questions in CDC's Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) survey align to step 2 in the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Fillable versions of the tool are available to download at the bottom.

A new mom sits in a hospital bed and breastfeeds her newborn son. She has the infant cradled in front of her.

Step 2: Staff competency

Ensure that staff have sufficient knowledge, competence, and skills to support breastfeeding.*

Ten Steps Competency 1 mPINC Item mPINC Domain mPINC Data Element Ideal Response Hospital Response Did the Hospital Select the Ideal Response?
Staff competency to support breastfeeding

Indicates which competency skills are required of nurses:

– Placement and monitoring of the newborn skin-to-skin with the mother immediately following birth.

– Assisting with effective newborn positioning and latch for breastfeeding.

– Assessment of milk transfer during breastfeeding.

– Assessment of maternal pain related to breastfeeding.

– Teaching hand expression of breast milk.

– Teaching safe formula preparation and feeding.

Institutional Management F4_a1/F4_a2/ F4_a3/F4_a4/ F4_a5/F4_a6 Required for all items

Not ideal: Not required for any item

Assessment of staff competency to support breastfeeding Assesses whether formal assessment of clinical competency in breastfeeding support and lactation management is required of nurses. Institutional Management F3

Required at least every 2 years

Not Ideal: Required less frequently than every 2 years or not required

Note:

This tool does not correspond to or replace Baby-Friendly USA's on-site assessments or Baby-Friendly designation.

*This step aligns with step 2 in the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Although this tool assesses many aspects of each of the Ten Steps, it does not assess every aspect. Every aspect of each Step cannot be assessed using mPINC data alone.
Ideal responses are in bold.

‡For CDC's 2018 mPINC survey, Ideal response equals "required at least once per year". Not ideal equals "required less than once per year or not required.

Downloads

Content Source
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP)
About This Page
Published: October 15, 2024
Updated: August 3, 2026

This page was last updated on this date. Updates may include minor edits, image changes, or other modifications to page content.

Reviewed: August 3, 2026

The information on this page was last reviewed by subject matter experts to ensure accuracy.