Publications

Reports and other studies can be important resources for investigating and preventing outbreaks. Below are reports, surveillance summaries, and other studies that have used NORS outbreak data.

Foodborne (1973–2013) and Waterborne Disease Outbreaks — United States, 1971–2013. MMWR PubMed
Dewey-Mattia D, Roberts VA, Vieira A, Fullerton KE. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Oct 14; 63(55): p. 79–83.
Acute gastroenteritis surveillance through the National Outbreak Reporting System, United States. DOI PubMed PMC
Hall AJ, Wikswo ME, Manikonda K, Roberts VA, Yoder JS, Gould LH. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013; 19(8): p. 1305–09.
Effects and clinical significance of GII.4 Sydney norovirus, United States, 2012–2013. DOI PubMed PMC
Leshem E, Wikswo M, Barclay L, Brandt E, Storm W, Salehi E et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013; 19(8): p. 1231–38.
Near real-time surveillance of U.S. norovirus outbreaks by the Norovirus Sentinel Testing and Tracking Network – United States, August 2009 — July 2015. MMWR PubMed PMC
Shah M, Wikswo M, Barclay L, Kambhampati A, Shioda K, Parashar U, Vinje J, Hall A. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Feb 24; 66(7): p. 185–89.
Enteric Illness Outbreaks Reported Through the National Outbreak Reporting System-United States, 2009-2019. PubMed
Wikswo ME, Roberts V, Marsh Z, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2022; 74(11): p. 1906-1913.

Waterborne Disease Surveillance Reports

Drinking Water
Recreational Water
Environmental and Undetermined Exposures to Water
Algal bloom–associated disease outbreaks among users of freshwater lakes — United States, 2009–2010. MMWR PubMed PMC
Hilborn ED, Roberts VA, Backer L, DeConno E, Egan JS, Hyde JB et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Jan 10; 63(1): p. 11–15.
Impact of public health interventions on drinking water — associated outbreaks of Hepatitis A — United States, 1971-2017. MMWR PubMed
Barrett CE, Pape BJ, Benedict KM, Foster MA, Roberts VA, Rotert R, Mattioli MM, Yoder JS. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Sept 6; 68(35): p. 766–70.
Outbreaks associated with untreated recreational water — United States, 2000-2014. MMWR PubMed PMC
Graciaa DS, Cope JR, Roberts VA, Cikesh BL, Kahler AM, Vigar M et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 June 29; 67(25) p. 701–06.
Outbreaks associated with treated recreational water — United States, 2000-2014. MMWR PubMed PMC
Hlavsa MC, Cikesh BL, Roberts VA, et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 May 18; 67(19) p. 547–51.

Related Waterborne Disease Outbreak Publications

The Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS) is CDC’s program for collecting and reporting information about foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States. It is a part of NORS.

FDOSS collects information about foodborne disease outbreaks, such as:

Date and location of the outbreak
Number of people who became ill and their symptoms
Food or drink implicated
Setting where the food or drink was prepared and eaten
Pathogen (germ, toxin, or chemical) that caused the outbreak

Each year, CDC summarizes FDOSS data in an annual surveillance report and makes it available through NORS Dashboard, CDC’s interactive program for accessing and searching NORS data. CDC also maintains a list of selected publications containing FDOSS data.

The Animal Contact Outbreak Surveillance System (ACOSS) is CDC’s system for collecting and reporting information about U.S. enteric illness outbreaks linked to contact with animals or their environments. It is a part of NORS.

Information collected by ACOSS includes:

Date and location of the outbreak
The number of people who became ill and their symptoms
Type of animal involved
Setting where the contact happened
Pathogen (bacteria, virus, or parasite) that caused the outbreak

Each year, CDC makes ACOSS data available through NORS Dashboard, CDC’s interactive program for accessing and searching NORS data. In addition, CDC has summarized 2017 ACOSS data in a surveillance report and maintains a list of selected publications using ACOSS data.

Childcare and School Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks: 2009-2020. PubMed
Mattison CP, Calderwood LE, Marsh ZA, et al. Pediatrics. 2022;150(5):e2021056002.
NoroSTAT Network. Notes from the Field: Norovirus Outbreaks Reported Through NoroSTAT – 12 States, August 2012-July 2022. MMWR PubMed
Kambhampati AK, Wikswo ME, Barclay L, Vinjé J, Mirza SA. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022; 71(38): p. 1222-1224.
Spatiotemporal trends in norovirus outbreaks in the United States, 2009-2019. PubMed
Kambhampati AK, Calderwood L, Wikswo ME, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2022; ciac627.
Norovirus Outbreaks in Long-term Care Facilities in the United States, 2009-2018: A Decade of Surveillance. PubMed
Calderwood LE, Wikswo ME, Mattison CP, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2022; 74(1): p. 113-119.
Non-Norovirus Viral Gastroenteritis Outbreaks Reported to the National Outbreak Reporting System, USA, 2009-2018. PubMed
Mattison CP, Dunn M, Wikswo ME, et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021; 27(2): p. 560-564.
Prevention and Control of Youth Camp-Associated Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks. PubMed
Kambhampati A, Marsh Z, Hlavsa M, et al. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2019 Nov 6; 8(5):p. 392-399.
Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis transmitted by person-to-person contact, environmental contamination, and unknown modes of transmission — United States, 2009–2013. MMWR PubMed
Wikswo ME, Kambhampati A, Shioda K, et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Dec 11; 64(SS12): p. 1–16.