Norovirus

Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities – report containing recommendations to prevent environment-associated infections in health-care facilities

Norovirus – links to information about noroviruses

• For Food Handlers
• For Health Care Providers
• For Public Health Professionals

Norovirus in Healthcare Settings – information on noroviruses in healthcare facilities

Outbreak Prevention and Response Protocol (OPRP) Guidelines – information for developing OPRP guidelines

Passenger Behaviors During Norovirus Outbreaks on Cruise Ships [PDF - 72 KB] – findings relating to the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people who are ill with norovirus GI illness compared to those who remained well during an outbreak

Prevent the Spread of Norovirus – CDC feature on norovirus

Responding to Norovirus Outbreaks – information on typical responsibilities in response to an outbreak

The Vessel Sanitation Program – assists the cruise ship industry to prevent and control the introduction, transmission, and spread of gastrointestinal illnesses (GI) on cruise ships

• Facts About Noroviruses on Cruise Ships – information about noroviruses on cruise ships
• Outbreak Updates for International Cruise Ships – links to information about norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships

Updated Norovirus Outbreak Management and Disease Prevention Guidelines – review of recent advances in norovirus epidemiology, immunology, diagnostic methods, and infection control

Widespread Outbreak of Norovirus Gastroenteritis Among Evacuees of Hurricane Katrina Residing in a Large “Megashelter” in Houston, Texas: Lessons Learned for Prevention [PDF - 493 KB] – investigation underscoring the difficulties in managing such outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis in crowded settings and the need for rapid, sensitive laboratory assays to detect norovirus

Norovirus Outbreaks and Activity - MMWR Articles by Publication Date

• Notes from the Field: Norovirus Outbreak at a Boys' Basketball Tournament — Kentucky, February 2012
• Notes from the Field: Norovirus Infections Associated with Frozen Raw Oysters — Washington, 2011
• Norovirus Outbreaks on Three College Campuses --- California, Michigan, and Wisconsin, 2008
• Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food --- 10 States, 2008
• Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks --- United States, 2008
• Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water --- United States, 2007--2008
• Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks and Other Health Events Associated with Recreational Water --- United States, 2007--2008
• Norovirus Outbreak in an Elementary School — District of Columbia, February 2007
• Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food --- 10 States, 2007
• Recurring Norovirus Outbreaks in a Long-Term Residential Treatment Facility --- Oregon, 2007
• Norovirus Outbreak Associated with Ill Food-Service Workers — Michigan, January--February 2006
• Norovirus Activity — United States, 2006--2007
• Multistate Outbreak of Norovirus Gastroenteritis Among Attendees at a Family Reunion — Grant County, West Virginia, October 2006
• Brief Report: Gastroenteritis Among Attendees at a Summer Camp — Wyoming, June--July 2006
• Norovirus Outbreak Among Evacuees from Hurricane Katrina — Houston, Texas, September 2005
• An Outbreak of Norovirus Gastroenteritis at a Swimming Club — Vermont, 2004
• Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis Associated with Noroviruses on Cruise Ships — United States, 2002
• Norwalk-like Viruses: Public Health Consequences and Outbreak Management

Links to information from outside CDC

25- to 30-nm Virus Particle Associated with a Hospital Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis With Evidence for Airborne Transmission (PubMed) – abstract about an outbreak of acute, nonbacterial gastroenteritis in a Toronto, Ontario, hospital between November 1 and 22, 1985

A School Outbreak of Norwalk-like Virus: Evidence for Airborne Transmission (PubMed) – abstract about an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a school attended by children aged 4–11 years

Evidence for Airborne Transmission of Norwalk-like Virus (NLV) in a Hotel Restaurant [PDF - 159 KB] (Epidemiology and Infection) – report about an outbreak of gastroenteritis following a meal in a large hotel

Human Enteric Viruses as Causes of Foodborne Disease [PDF - 280 KB] (Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety) – article reviews the agents, transmission routes, epidemiology, persistence, diagnosis, and detection of foodborne viruses and their diseases

Ill Food Worker Educational Campaign (Connecticut Department of Public Health) – multilingual educational materials for food workers, managers, and local health department staff

Nevada Norovirus Summit, 2004 [PDF - 54 KB] (Clark County Health District, Nevada) – presentation about a norovirus training DVD

NoroCORE - Norovirus Collaborative for Outreach, Research, and Education (USDA-NIFA Food Virology Collaborative) – learn how you can protect yourself and others against norovirus and Hepatitis A

Norovirus Gastroenteritis (New England Journal of Medicine) – article on recent research revealing that noroviruses are the leading cause of epidemics of gastroenteritis and an important cause of sporadic gastroenteritis

Norovirus "Hands On" Training [PDF - 95 KB] (Branson Health Department, Missouri) – training scenario of what to do if you suspect an outbreak of norovirus at a water park

Norovirus (Norwalk-like Virus, Small Round Structured Virus/SRSV) (Health Protection Agency, London) – information about norovirus

• Guidance on Infection Control in Schools and other Child Care Settings – table showing illnesses and recommended periods of confinement
• Management of Hospital Outbreaks of Gastro-enteritis Due to Small Round Structured Viruses – report of the Public Health Laboratory Service Viral Gastro-enteritis Working Group

Norovirus Resources (National Food Service Management Institute) – resources that identify tools needed to communicate the risks associated with norovirus and prevention strategies in school and child care nutrition program settings

Persistent Infectious Agents [PDF - 56 KB] (World Health Organization) – document about infectious agents that have the ability to persist in the environment long enough that an environmental surface (or transmission through air) can lead to transfer indirectly from one person to another readily enough that an outbreak can occur

University Students" Hand Hygiene Practice During a Gastrointestinal Outbreak in Residence: What They Say They Do and What They Actually Do (PubMed) – abstract about a study on student compliance with recommendations during a suspected norovirus outbreak in Canada

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