Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) and Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID)
Specific recreational water illness outbreaks, safety, and pool operation issues
- Diarrhea
- Skin, Ear, and Eye Infections
- Respiratory Infections
- Neurologic Infections
- Wound Infections
- Other Illnesses
- Swimming Pool Operation and Disinfection
- RWIs and Behavioral Science
- Swimming Pool Chemicals
- International Recreational Water
- Injuries and Outdoor Health
Diarrhea
Cryptosporidiosis Outbreaks Associated with Recreational Water Use --- Five States, 2006
July 27, 2007 / 56(29);729-732
An Outbreak of Norovirus Gastroenteritis at a Swimming Club --- Vermont, 2004
September 3, 2004 / 53(34);793-795
Shigellosis Outbreak Associated With an Unchlorinated Fill-and-Drain-Wading Pool --- Iowa, 2001
September 21, 2001 / 50(37);797-800
Protracted Outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis Associated With Swimming Pool Use --- Ohio and Nebraska, 2000
May 25, 2001 / 50(20);406-410
Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Associated With an Interactive Water Fountain at a Beachside Park --- Florida, 1999
June 30, 2000 / 49(25);565-568
Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis Associated with a Water Sprinkler Fountain -- Minnesota, 1997
October 16, 1998 / 47(40);856-860
Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis at a Day Camp -- Florida, July-August 1995
May 31, 1996 / 45(21);442-444
Lake-Associated Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 -- Illinois, 1995
May 31, 1996 / 45(21);437-439
Cryptosporidium Infections Associated with Swimming Pools -- Dane County, Wisconsin, 1993
August 12, 1994 / 43(31);561-563
Swimming-Associated Cryptosporidiosis -- Los Angeles County
May 25, 1990 / 39(20);343-345
Gastrointestinal Illness Among Scuba Divers -- New York City
November 11, 1983 / 32(44);576-577
Skin, Ear, and Eye Infections
Buruli Ulcer Surveillance, Benin, 2003--2005
Emerg Infect Dis 2007 Sep / 13(9):1374-1376 
(PDF, 219 KB)
Pseudomonas Dermatitis/Folliculitis Associated With Pools and Hot Tubs--Colorado and Maine, 1999-2000
December 08, 2000 / 49(48); 1087-1091
Outbreak of Pharyngoconjunctival Fever at a Summer Camp -- North Carolina, 1991
May 15, 1992 / 41(19);342-344
Cercarial Dermatitis Outbreak at a State Park -- Delaware, 1991
April 10, 1992 / 41(14);225-228
An Outbreak of Pseudomonas Folliculitis Associated with a Waterslide -- Utah
August 19, 1983 / 32(32);425-427
Staphylococcal Infections Among River Guides--Tennessee, South Carolina, and North Carolina
November 19, 1982 / 31(45);605-607
Otitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serotype 0:10 Associated with a Mobile Redwood Hot Tub System -- North Carolina
October 15, 1982 / 31(40);541
Cercarial Dermatitis among Bathers in California; Katayama Syndrome among Travelers to Ethiopia
August 20, 1982 / 31(32);435-8
Respiratory Infections
Surveillance for Travel-Associated Legionnaire's Disease --- United States, 2005--2006
December 7, 2007 / 56(48);1261-1263
Cruise-Ship--Associated Legionnaires Disease, November 2003--May 2004
November 18, 2005 / 54(45);1153-1155
Mycobacterial Aerosols and Respiratory Disease
Emerg Infect Dis 2003 Jul / 9(7):763-767 (PDF, 203 KB)
Rhinosporidium seeberi: A Human Pathogen from a Novel Group of Aquatic Protistan Parasites
Emerging Infect Dis 2000 May-Jun / 6(3):273-282 (PDF, 304 KB)
Legionnaires Disease Associated with a Whirlpool Spa Display -- Virginia, September - October, 1996
January 31, 1997 / 46(04);83-86
Update: Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease Associated With a Cruise Ship, 1994
August 12, 1994 / 43(31);574
Outbreak of Pneumonia Associated with a Cruise Ship, 1994
July 22, 1994 / 43(28);521
Outbreak of Pharyngoconjunctival Fever at a Summer Camp -- North Carolina, 1991
May 15, 1992 / 41(19);342-344
Neurologic Infections
Aseptic Meningitis Outbreak Associated With Echovirus 9 Among Recreational Vehicle Campers --- Connecticut, 2003
August 13, 2004 / 53(31);710-713
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis -- Georgia, 2002
October 10, 2003 / 52(40);962-964
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis -- North Carolina, 1991
June 26, 1992 / 41(25);437-440
Wound Infections
Vibrio Illnesses After Hurricane Katrina --- Multiple States, August--September 2005
September 23, 2005 / 54(37);928-931
Aeromonas Wound Infections Associated with Outdoor Activities -- California
May 25, 1990 / 39(20);334-335, 341
Other Illnesses
Brief Report: Leptospirosis After Flooding of a University Campus --- Hawaii, 2004
February 10, 2006 / 55(05);125-127
Update: Leptospirosis and Unexplained Acute Febrile Illness Among Athletes Participating in Triathlons -- Illinois and Wisconsin, 1998
August 21, 1998 / 47(32);673-6
Outbreak of Acute Febrile Illness Among Athletes Participating in Triathlons -- Wisconsin and Illinois, 1998
July 24, 1998 / 47(28);585-588
Swimming Pool Operation and Disinfection
Surveillance Data from Public Spa Inspections --- United States, May--September 2002
July 2, 2004 / 53(25);553-555
Surveillance Data from Swimming Pool Inspections --- Selected States and Counties, United States, May--September 2002
June 6, 2003 / 52(22);513-516
Chlorine Disinfection of Recreational Water for Cryptosporidium parvum
Emerg Infect Dis. 1999
Jul-Aug;5(4):579-584. (PDF, 79 KB)
RWIs and Behavioral Science
Assessing Parents' Perception of Children's Risk for Recreational Water Illnesses
Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 May;11(5):670-676.
Swimming Pool Chemicals
Ocular and Respiratory Illness Associated with an Indoor Swimming Pool --- Nebraska, 2006
September 14, 2007 / 56(36);929-932.
Erosion of Dental Enamel among Competitive Swimmers -- Virginia
July 22, 1983 / 32(28);361-362
International Recreational Water
Leptospirosis in “Eco-Challenge” Athletes, Malaysian Borneo, 2000
Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Jun;9(6):702-707 (PDF, 200 KB)
Update: Outbreak of Acute Febrile Illness Among Athletes Participating in Eco-Challenge-Sabah 2000 -- Borneo, Malaysia, 2000
January 19, 2001 / 50(02);21-24
Public Health Dispatch: Outbreak of Acute Febrile Illness Among Participants in EcoChallenge Sabah 2000 -- Borneo, Malaysia, 2000
September 15, 2000 / 49(36);816-7
Outbreak of Leptospirosis Among White-Water Rafters -- Costa Rica, 1996
June 27, 1997 / 46(25);577-579
Schistosomiasis in U.S. Peace Corps Volunteers -- Malawi, 1992
July 30, 1993 / 42(29);565-570
Acute Schistosomiasis in U.S. Travelers Returning from Africa
March 09, 1990 / 39(9);141-142,147-148
Acute Schistosomiasis with Transverse Myelitis in American Students Returning from Kenya
August 10, 1984 / 33(31);445-447
Schistosomiasis among River Rafters -- Ethiopia
November 11, 1983 / 32(44);585-586
Cercarial Dermatitis among Bathers in California; Katayama Syndrome among Travelers to Ethiopia
August 20, 1982 / 31(32);435-438
Injuries and Outdoor Health
Sunburn Prevalence Among Adults --- United States, 1999, 2003, and 2004
June 1, 2007 / 56(21);524-528
Nonfatal and Fatal Drownings in Recreational Water Settings --- United States, 2001--2002
June 4, 2004 / 53(21);447-452
Drownings in a Private Lake -- North Carolina, 1981-1990
May 15, 1992 / 41(19);329-331
Child Drownings and Near Drownings Associated with Swimming Pools -- Maricopa County, Arizona 1988 and 1989
July 06, 1990 / 39(26);441-442
Injuries at a Water Slide -- Washington
July 13, 1984 / 33(27);379-382,387
Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Aquatic Deaths and Injuries -- United States
August 13, 1982 / 31(31);417-419
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Division of Parasitic Diseases
National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases
Page last modified: February 12, 2008