Provisional Formula Supplementation of Breast Milk Rates by Socio-demographic Factors, Among Children Born in 2006 (Percent +/- half 95% Confidence Interval)
Socio-demographic Factors Number Formula Supplementation1
within first 2 days of life		 Number Formula Supplementation1
before 3 months of age		 Number Formula Supplementation1 before 6 months of age
US National 12970 25.6±1.4 10290 37.9±1.7 7905 44.7±2.0
Sex
Male 6724 25.8±1.9 5327 38.0±2.4 4055 44.5±2.8
Female 6246 25.5±2.0 4963 37.7±2.5 3850 44.9±2.7
Race/ethnicity
American Indian or Alaska 398 32.2±8.0 303 42.4±10.0 218 48.7±13.3
Asian or Pacific Islander 925 26.0±5.1 768 36.8±6.1 621 46.0±7.5
 Asian 771 26.0±5.5 651 36.0±6.5 541 46.0±8.0
 Native Hawaiian and other 203 29.6±12.8 152 44.7±15.4 108 53.3±16.8
Black or African American 1575 29.8±3.8 1202 45.6±4.7 820 57.0±5.5
White 10793 24.5±1.5 8601 36.7±1.9 6705 43.0±2.1
Hispanic or Latino 2601 34.9±3.2 2070 42.8±3.7 1503 47.6±4.3
Not Hispanic or Latino (NH) 10369 21.6±1.4 8220 35.6±1.8 6402 43.4±2.1
 NH Black or African American 1328 28.4±4.1 1019 45.8±5.2 692 56.4±6.0
 NH White 8549 19.5±1.5 6793 33.3±2.0 5382 40.8±2.3
Birth Order
First Born 6680 26.0±2.0 5411 35.8±2.4 4271 42.4±2.7
Not First Born 6290 25.2±1.8 4879 40.4±2.4 3634 47.5±2.8
Receiving WIC2
Yes 4699 32.3±2.4 3417 43.7±3.0 2379 50.6±3.6
No, but eligible 698 23.3±5.2 599 36.9±6.5 492 41.5±6.9
Ineligible 6926 19.0±1.6 5730 32.7±2.0 4578 40.7±2.3
Maternal Age, Years
<20 197 27.1±9.4 129 36.7±13.1 82 46.9±17.3
20-29 4068 26.6±2.5 2962 38.0±3.4 2081 42.3±3.8
>=30 8705 25.0±1.7 7199 37.8±2.0 5742 45.7±2.3
Maternal Education
Not a High School Graduate 1193 34.5±4.3 871 45.8±5.5 630 50.7±6.5
High School Graduate 2083 27.9±3.2 1501 37.9±4.0 1055 44.1±4.6
Some College 3447 24.3±2.3 2595 37.5±3.1 1916 45.4±3.7
College Graduate 6247 19.8±1.6 5323 34.1±2.0 4304 42.0±2.3
Maternal Marital Status
Married 10484 23.6±1.4 8590 35.5±1.7 6801 42.5±2.0
Unmarried3 2486 31.7±3.5 1700 45.8±4.6 1104 53.6±5.5
Residence
MSA4, Central City 5697 28.5±2.2 4600 38.6±2.6 3529 46.4±3.0
MSA, Non-Central City 4741 25.3±2.2 3768 39.3±2.7 2868 45.1±3.1
Non-MSA 2532 17.9±2.9 1922 30.5±4.1 1508 37.2±4.8
Poverty Income Ratio5,%
<100% 1975 34.3±3.8 1480 46.1±4.7 1047 53.2±5.4
100%-184% 1917 25.8±3.2 1486 37.2±4.1 1100 42.6±5.0
185%-349% 3031 19.7±2.5 2407 30.5±3.2 1895 38.9±3.8
≥350% 4912 20.6±1.9 4029 34.9±2.4 3171 42.9±2.8

1Formula supplementation is defined as supplementation of breast milk with formula (with or without other supplementary liquids or solids) among infants breastfed at the age specified (48 hours, 3 months, or 6 months). The denominator for the 2 day, 3 month, or 6 month rate is the number of infants breastfeeding at 2 days, 3 months, or 6 months, respectively.
2WIC = Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
3Unmarried includes never married, widowed, separated, divorced.
4MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area defined by the Census Bureau.
5Poverty Income Ratio = Ratio of self-reported family income to the federal poverty threshold value depending on the number of people in the household.
Source: National Immunization Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services
Sample sizes appearing in the NIS breastfeeding tables are slightly smaller than the numbers published in other NIS publications due to the fact that in the DNPAO breastfeeding analyses, the sample was limited to records with valid responses to the breastfeeding questions.