Cruise Ship Diarrheal Diseases Publications

• Chimonas MA, Vaughan GH, Andre Z, Ames JT, Tarling GA, Beard S, Widdowson MA, Cramer EH. Passenger behaviors associated with norovirus infection on board a cruise ship--Alaska, May to June 2004. Journal of Travel Medicine, May-Jun 2008; Volume 15 Issue 3, PP. 177-83

• Neri AJ, Cramer EH, Vaughan GH, Vinjé J, Mainzer HM. Passenger behaviors during norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships. Journal of Travel Medicine, May-Jun 2008; Volume 15 Issue 3, PP. 172-6.

• Cramer EH, Blanton C, Otto, Charles, Vessel Sanitation Program Environmental Health Inspection Team. Shipshape: Sanitation Inspections on Cruise Ships, 1990–2005, Vessel Sanitation Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [PDF - 555 KB]. Journal of Environmental Health, March 2008, Volume 70, Number 7, PP. 15-23.

• Cramer EH, Blanton C, Browne L, Vaughan G, Bopp C, Forney D. Epidemiology of Gastroenteritis on Cruise Ships, 2001-2004: The Impact of Noroviruses. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, March 2006, Volume 30, Issue 3, PP. 252-257.

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vessel Sanitation Program Operations Manual 2005 [PDF - 1.64 MB]. Atlanta; U.S. Public Health Service 2005.

• Isakbaeva ET, Widdowson M-A, Beard RS, Bulens SN, Mullins J, Monroe SS, Bresee J, Sassano P, Cramer EH , Glass RI.Norovirus Transmission on Cruise Ship. Emerging Infectious Diseases, January 2005: 154-157.

• Widdowson M-A, Cramer EH, Hadley L, Bresee JS, Beard RS, Bulens SN, Charles M, Chege W, Isakbaeva E, Wright JG, Mintz E, Forney D, Massey J, Glass RI, Monroe SS. Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis on cruise ships and on land: identification of a predominant circulating strain of norovirus - United States 2002. Journal of Infectious Diseases, July 1, 2004;190(1):27-36.

• Cramer EH, Gu DX, Durbin RE, Vessel Sanitation Program Environmental Health Inspection Team. Diarrheal disease on cruise ships, 1990–2000: The impact of environmental health programs. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, Apr; 24(3); 227-33.

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vessel Sanitation Program Operations Manual 2000 [PDF - 2.36 MB]. Atlanta; U.S. Public Health Service 2000.

• Herwaldt BL, Lew JF, Moe CL, Lewis DC, Humphrey CD, Monroe SS, Pon EW, Glass RI. Characterization of a variant strain of Norwalk virus from a food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis on a cruise ship in Hawaii. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1994;4:861-6.

• Khan AS, Moe CL, Glass RI, Monroe SS, Estes MK, Chapman LK, Jiang X, Humphrey CD, Pon E, Iskander JK, Schonberger LB. Norwalk virus-associated gastroenteritis traced to ice consumption aboard a cruise ship in Hawaii: comparison and application of molecular method-based assays. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1994;2:318-22.

• Lew JF, Swerdlow DL, Dance ME, Griffin PM, Bopp CA, Gillenwater MJ, Mercatante T, Glass RI. An outbreak of shigellosis aboard a cruise ship caused by a multiple-antibiotic-resistant strain of Shigella flexneri. American Journal of Epidemiology 1991 Aug 15;134(4):413-20.

• Merson MH, Tenney JH, Meyers JD, et al. Shigellosis at sea: an outbreak aboard a passenger cruise ship. American Journal of Epidemiology 1975;101:165-75.

• Nguyen, CH, Qualls NL, O'Toole TE. A cost-effectiveness analysis of the Vessel Sanitation Program. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service 1989.

• Ho MS, Glass RI, Monroe SS, Madore HP, Stine S, Pinsky PF, Cubitt D, Ashley C, Caul EO. Viral gastroenteritis aboard a cruise ship. Lancet 1989 Oct 21;2(8669):961-5.

• Addiss DG, Yashuk JC, Clapp DE, Blake PA. Outbreaks of diarrhoeal illness on passenger cruise ships, 1975-85.Epidemiology &Infection 1989 Aug;103(1):63-72.

• Sawyer LA, Murphy JJ, Kaplan JE, Pinsky PF, Chacon D, Walmsley S, Schonberger LB, Phillips A, Forward K, Goldman C, Brunton J, Fralick RA, Carter AO, Gary WG, Glass RI, Low DE. 25- to 30-nm virus particle associated with a hospital outbreak of acute gastroenteritis with evidence for airborne transmission. American Journal of Epidemiology 1988;127:1261-71.

• Dannenberg AL, Yashuk JC, Feldman RA. Gastrointestinal illness on passenger cruise ships, 1975-1978. American Journal of Public Health 1982;72:484-8.

• Gunn RA, Terranova WA, Greenberg HB, Yashuk J, Gary GW, Wells JG, Taylor PR, Feldman RA. Norwalk virus gastroenteritis aboard a cruise ship: an outbreak of five consecutive cruises. American Journal of Epidemiology 1980;1122:820-7.

• Merson MH, Hughes JM, Wood BT, Yashuk JC, Wells JG. Gastrointestinal Illness on Passenger Cruise Ships. Journal of the American Medical Association 1975; 723-7

Also see MMWR articles about Cruise Ships