p-Xylene
RTECS #
ZE2625000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
106.18
Molecular Formula
C8H10
Synonyms
1,4-Dimethylbenzene
1,4-Xylene
Chromar
p-Dimethylbenzene
p-Methyltoluene
p-Xylene (ACGIH:OSHA)
P-Xylol
Scintillar
1,4-Xylene
Chromar
p-Dimethylbenzene
p-Methyltoluene
p-Xylene (ACGIH:OSHA)
P-Xylol
Scintillar
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 3000 mg/m3/24H (9-10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Other effects on female Endocrine: Estrogenic | TXCYAC 19,263,1981 |
| inhalation/rat | 150 mg/m3/24H (7-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TXCYAC 18,61,1980 |
| inhalation/rat | 3000 mg/m3/24H (7-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TXCYAC 18,61,1980 |
| inhalation/rat | 7 gm/m3 (7-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female | TOLED5 34,223,1986 |
| inhalation/mouse | 500 mg/m3/12H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | ATSUDG 8,425,1985 |
| inhalation/rabbit | 1 gm/m3/24H (7-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | ATSUDG 8,425,1985 |
| oral/mouse | 12 mg/kg (12-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | APTOD9 19,A22,1980 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/guinea pig | Lethal concentration: >8350 ppm/4H | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Ataxia | NTIS** OTS0556752 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 15 gm/m3 | Behavioral: General anesthetic Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Cardiac: Other changes | AEPPAE 143,223,1929 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4550 ppm/4H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified) | 36YFAG -,302,1977 |
| intraperitoneal/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published lethal dose: 2 gm/kg | JPBAA7 46,95,1938 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2450 µL/kg | ARTODN 58,106,1985 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3810 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified) | 36YFAG -,302,1977 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3910 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,160,1990 | |
| subcutaneous/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published lethal dose: 5 gm/kg | JPBAA7 46,95,1938 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 450 ppm/7W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | PHTOEH 89,6,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 900 ppm/13W- intermittent | Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | PHTOEH 89,6,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 900 ppm/4W- intermittent | Ear: Change in acuity | PHTOEH 89,6,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/6H/8D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | FCTOD7 41,415,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8993 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | ARTODN 79,346,2005 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 100 ppm;short term exposure limit 150 ppm | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,1189,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,1189,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 71,1189,1999 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 47,75,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,470,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 199,203,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 52,68,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 60,120,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 100 ppm (440 mg/m3) (skin) | DTLVS* 3,281,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 80 ppm (350 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 150 ppm (655 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 50 ppm (221 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 100 ppm (442 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 25 ppm (109 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 221 mg/m3 (50 ppm);short term exposure limit 442 mg/m3 (100 ppm), skin, JUN2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 50 ppm (220 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (440 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 50 ppm (221 mg/m3), VLE 100 ppm (442 mg/m3), Skin, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 221 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 442 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 25 ppm (109 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (442 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 50 ppm (217 mg/m3), MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 150 ppm (655 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 50 ppm (217 mg/m3), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 100 ppm (434 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 150 ppm (651 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 100 ppm (450 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 100 ppm (435 mg/m3), KZG-week 200 ppm (870 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 50 ppm (220 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 100 ppm (441 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO p-XYLENE-air | 10H time-weighted average 100 ppm;short term exposure limit 150 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code M1028; Number of Industries 22; Total Number of Facilities 1994; Number of Occupations 21; Total Number of Employees Exposed 20366; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 6336 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code M1028; Number of Industries 4; Total Number of Facilities 62; Number of Occupations 10; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1912 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #1002 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health