p-Phenylenediamine

RTECS #
SS8050000
CAS #
106-50-3
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
108.16
Molecular Formula
C6H8N2
Synonyms
1,4-Benzenediamine (9CI)
1,4-Diaminobenzene
1,4-Phenylenediamine
4-Aminoaniline
6PPD
BASF ursol D
Benzofur D
C.I. 76060
C.I. Developer 13
C.I. Oxidation Base 10
Developer 13
Developer PF
Durafur Black R
Fenylenodwuamina (Polish)
Fouramine D
Fourrine 1
Fourrine D
Fur Black 41867
FUR Brown 41866
Fur Yellow
Furro D
Futramine D
Nako H
Orsin
Oxidation Base 10
p-Aminoaniline
Paraphenylen-diamine
p-Benzenediamine
p-Diaminobenzene
Pelagol D
Pelagol DR
Pelagol Grey D
Peltol D
p-Fenylendiamin (Czech)
p-Phenylenediamine (ACGIH:OSHA)
Renal PF
Rodol D
Santoflex IC
Tertral D
Ursol D
USAF EK-394
Zoba Black D

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
skin /Dog 250 mg/24H mildJSCCA5 23,371,1972
skin /guinea pig 250 mg/24H mildJSCCA5 23,371,1972
skin /human 250 mg/24H mildJSCCA5 23,371,1972
skin /man 1%CODEDG 61,236,2009
skin /man 1% moderateCODEDG 56,366,2007
skin /mouse 250 mg/24H mildJSCCA5 23,371,1972
skin /pig 250 mg/24H mildJSCCA5 23,371,1972
skin /rabbit 12500 µg/24H mildFCTXAV 15,607,1977
skin /rabbit 250 mg/24H moderateJSCCA5 23,371,1972
skin /woman 1%CODEDG 60,118,2009

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
Cytogenetic Analysisovary/hamster15 mg/LEMMUEG 27,67,1996
DNA adductother cell types/human100 mg/LTOLED5 239,194,2015
DNA Damagefibroblast/hamster100 mg/L/3HMUTAEX 29,37,2014
DNA Damageother cell types/human900 mg/LMUTAEX 29,37,2014
DNA Damagefibroblast/hamster600 mg/LMUTAEX 29,37,2014
DNA Damageother cell types/human100 mg/L/4HTOLED5 239,194,2015
DNA Damageother cell types/human2 mg/L/24HTOLED5 170,116,2007
DNA inhibitionoral/mouse200 mg/kgMUREAV 46,305,1977
micronucleus testlung/hamster156 µmol/L/6H (-enzymatic activation step)MUTAEX 26,709,2011
micronucleus testlung/hamster313 µmol/L/6H (+enzymatic activation step)MUTAEX 26,709,2011
micronucleus testlung/hamster20 µmol/L/24H (-enzymatic activation step)MUTAEX 26,709,2011
micronucleus testlung/hamster78 µmol/L/48H (-enzymatic activation step)MUTAEX 26,709,2011
morphological transformembryo/rat1850 ng/plateJJATDK 1,190,1981
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium33 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)MUTAEX 29,37,2014
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium2 µmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step)45OHAA -,170,1980
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium1 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 188,185,1987
phage inhibition capacity/Escherichia coli125 µg/wellMUREAV 260,349,1991
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunctionoral/Drosophila melanogaster15500 µmol/L/3DMUREAV 48,181,1977

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
subcutaneous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2625 mg/kg/30W- continuousTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
KJMSAH 9,94,1958

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 25,2124,2011
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (5 percent kill): 6770 mg/L/30MIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell countingTIVIEQ 27,857,2013
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 36.7 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 26,1150,2012
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.09 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 26,1150,2012
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 27 mg/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 30,318,2015
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration Low: 27 mg/L/48HImmunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune responseTIVIEQ 30,318,2015
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration Low: 27 mg/L/24HBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammationTIVIEQ 30,318,2015
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration Low: >10 µmol/LIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TOLED5 239,32,2015
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5438 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TOLED5 239,32,2015
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/LIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTOLED5 239,32,2015
In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 21 mg/L/45HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 29,901,2015
In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 3 mg/L/45HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 29,901,2015
In Vitro/Human, monocyte Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µmol/L/24HBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammationTXAPA9 256,35,2011
In Vitro/Human, monocyte Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5000 mg/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,1233,2013
In Vitro/Human, monocyte Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 218 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TOLED5 199,51,2010
In Vitro/Human, monocyte Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 218 µmol/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTOLED5 199,51,2010
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 27.5 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Phototoxicity in vitroTIVIEQ 27,103,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 162.2 mg/L/21HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 27,314,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 162.2 mg/L/4HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,314,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 55 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 28,13,2014
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5.0 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTXAPA9 245,281,2010
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 27.2 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,1127,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 46 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 27,1135,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 6.88 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,1135,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TXAPA9 283,147,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.4 µmol/L/24HBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammationTXAPA9 283,147,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 30 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TOLED5 239,194,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 25 mg/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TOLED5 239,194,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 mg/L/1HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTOLED5 239,194,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 40 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TOLED5 239,194,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 35 mg/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TOLED5 239,194,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 351 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 29,688,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 349 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 29,688,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 316.9 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 29,688,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 279.8 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 29,688,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 pph/15MIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 29,787,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.01 pph/6HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,2213,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5.00 pph/6HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays
TIVIEQ 27,2213,2013
In Vitro/jmaInhibitor Concentration Low: 0.018 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays
TIVIEQ 25,1630,2011
In Vitro/jrdInhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 13.4 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 28,626,2014
In Vitro/mraInhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 148 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TOLED5 216,65,2013
In Vitro/mraInhibitor Concentration Low: 1.48 mg/L/24HBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammationTOLED5 216,65,2013
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 920 mg/m3/4HBehavioral: General anesthetic

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Hematuria
NTIS** OTS0530403
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50 mg/kgNTIS** AD277-689
intraperitoneal/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kgLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesJIDIAQ 42,473,1928
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 37 mg/kgJTEHD6 2,657,1977
intravenous/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 17 mg/kgJIDHAN 4,386,1923
intravenous/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kgLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands
AIMDAP 36,724,1925
intravenous/rat lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kgBSRSA6 41,302,1972
oral/cat lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kgCardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
JIDHAN 4,386,1923
oral/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 145 mg/kgGISAAA 53(7),62,1988
oral/man lowest published toxic dose: 71 mg/kgBehavioral: Muscle weakness

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea
HUTODJ 8,345,1989
oral/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kgGISAAA 23(5),14,1958
oral/quail lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kgAECTCV 12,355,1983
oral/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kgCardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
JIDHAN 4,386,1923
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 80 mg/kgJTEHD6 2,657,1977
oral/wild bird lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kgAECTCV 12,355,1983
skin/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 5 gm/kgJTEHD6 2,657,1977
subcutaneous/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kgBehavioral: Coma

Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting
XPHBAO 271,40,1941
subcutaneous/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 140 mg/kgJSCCA5 12,500,1961
subcutaneous/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kgCardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
JIDHAN 4,386,1923
subcutaneous/rat lowest published lethal dose: 170 mg/kgCardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation
JIDHAN 4,386,1923
unreported route/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 145 mg/kgGTPZAB 31(8),46,1987
unreported route/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 331 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changesGISAAA 50(6),78,1985
unreported route/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 133 mg/kgGTPZAB 31(8),46,1987

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 375 mg/kg/5D- continuousBehavioral: Food intake (animal)

Behavioral: Fluid intake
FCTOD7 43,133,2005
oral/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 105 mg/kg/30W- intermittentBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration

Liver: Liver function tests impaired
GISAAA 23(5),14,1958
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1050 mg/kg/30W- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration
GISAAA 23(5),14,1958
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 28 gm/kg/80W- continuousEndocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
TOLED5 16,259,1983
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 16800 mg/kg/12W- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainTOLED5 16,259,1983
skin/rat lowest published toxic dose: 543.5 mg/kg/9D- intermittentBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Xanthine oxidases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases
BPBLEO 31,681,2008

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 16,125,1978
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human No Adequate DataIMEMDT 16,125,1978
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 3IMSUDL 7,56,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJACTDZ 4(3),203,1985
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,419,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 23,271,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXAPA9 243,239,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXAPA9 250,87,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 25,17,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 31,453,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 56,54,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 61,1,2011

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (skin)DTLVS* 3,205,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIATRK-TMW 0.1 mg/m3;KZW 0.4 mg/m3, inhal, skin, sen, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, skin, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.3 mg/m3, skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 0.1 mg/m3, Skin, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 0.1 mg/m3, inhal, skin, sen, 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, skin, sen, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANOccupational Exposure Limit 0.1 mg/m3, s1 sen, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, skin, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 0,1 mg/m3, JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 0.1 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 0.3 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAshort term exposure limit 0.05 mg/m3, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 0.1 mg/m3, KZG-week 0.2 mg/m3, inhal, skin, sen, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 0.1 mg/m3, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, skin, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (skin)CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (skin)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (skin)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (skin)CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO p-PHENYLENE DIAMINE-air10H time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (Sk)NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 56950; Number of Industries 6; Total Number of Facilities 5390; Number of Occupations 7; Total Number of Employees Exposed 49939; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 37209
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 56950; Number of Industries 9; Total Number of Facilities 2017; Number of Occupations 11; Total Number of Employees Exposed 14983

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Rodent dominant lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: N crassa-aneuploidy; Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE; D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULEFEREAC 47,26992,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #87
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018