Morpholine
RTECS #
QD6475000
CAS #
Updated
September 2013
Molecular Weight
87.14
Molecular Formula
C4H9NO
Synonyms
1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane
2H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
BASF 238
Diethylene imidoxide
Diethylene oximide
Diethyleneimide oxide
Diethylenimide oxide
Drewamine
Morpholine (ACGIH:OSHA)
p-Isoxazine, tetrahydro-
Tetrahydro-1,4-isoxazine
Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
2H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
BASF 238
Diethylene imidoxide
Diethylene oximide
Diethyleneimide oxide
Diethylenimide oxide
Drewamine
Morpholine (ACGIH:OSHA)
p-Isoxazine, tetrahydro-
Tetrahydro-1,4-isoxazine
Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 2 mg | severe | AJOPAA 29,1363,1946 |
| skin /rabbit | 500 mg open irritation test | moderate | UCDS** 4/21/1967 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | inhalation/rat | 0.07 mg/L/122D- intermittent | TPKVAL 13,92,1973 |
| morphological transform | fibroblast/mouse | 125 mg/L | EPASR* 8EHQ-0779-0294 |
| morphological transform | lymphocyte/mouse | 1 µL/L | ENMUDM 4,390,1982 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/mouse | 1 gm/L | EPASR* 8EHQ-0779-0294 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 160 mg/L | EPASR* 8EHQ-0779-0294 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2560 mg/kg/1Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchogenic carcinoma Liver: Tumors | GISAAA 44(8),15,1979 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 12000 mg/m3 | TPKVAL 14,90,1975 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 gm/m3/2H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TPKVAL 10,25,1968 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1320 mg/m3/2H | Eye: Lacrimation Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | TPKVAL 8,60,1966 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 12000 mg/m3 | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | TPKVAL 15,116,1979 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1.35 gm/m3 | TPKVAL 8,70,1966 | |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1.98 gm/m3/2H | TPKVAL 8,60,1966 | |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1.67 gm/m3/2H | Blood: Hemorrhage Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TPKVAL 8,60,1966 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 0.45 gm/m3/2H | Behavioral: Irritability Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | TPKVAL 8,60,1966 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 8000 ppm/8H | NPIRI* 1,85,1974 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 413 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | CANCAR 2,1055,1949 |
| ocular/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 100 pph | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Eye: Corneal damage Eye: Other eye effects | TPKVAL 8,60,1966 |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from small intestine | JIHTAB 21,236,1939 |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1220 mg/kg | TPKVAL 14,90,1975 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1200 mg/kg | TPKVAL 15,116,1979 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 1200 mg/kg | MUREAV 539,65,2003 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 525 mg/kg | Behavioral: Sleep Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | BBIADT 44,795,1985 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg | TPKVAL 8,60,1966 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (16 percent kill): 700 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TPKVAL 8,60,1966 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1738 mg/kg | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in blood vessels or in circulation of kidney | TPKVAL 8,60,1966 |
| oral/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 1500 mg/kg | TPKVAL 8,60,1966 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 2300 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Cardiac: Cardiomyopathy including infarction Cardiac: Other changes | TPKVAL 8,60,1966 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 µL/kg | AMIHBC 10,61,1954 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 458 mg/kg | USXXAM #4576951 | |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 1600 mg/kg | 34ZIAG -,662,1969 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 70 mg/m3/4H/17W- intermittent | Liver: Liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | TNICS* 13,87,1973 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.07 gm/m3/2W- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve | TPKVAL 13,92,1973 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.07 gm/m3/30D- intermittent | Blood: Other changes Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | TPKVAL 13,92,1973 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.008 gm/m3/61D- intermittent | Liver: Liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | TPKVAL 13,92,1973 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 70 mg/m3/4H/17W- intermittent | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | TNICS* 13,87,1973 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 250 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) | FAATDF 4,465,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.07 gm/m3/2W- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Blood: Other changes | TPKVAL 13,92,1973 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.07 gm/m3/30D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) | TPKVAL 13,92,1973 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.008 gm/m3/61D- intermittent | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) | TPKVAL 13,92,1973 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.07 gm/m3/122D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | TPKVAL 13,92,1973 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.008 gm/m3/122D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in spleen Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response | TPKVAL 13,92,1973 |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 13500 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | JIHTAB 21,236,1939 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 24 gm/kg/30D- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | JIHTAB 21,236,1939 |
| skin/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 27 gm/kg/30D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | JIHTAB 21,236,1939 |
| skin/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 9 gm/kg/10D- intermittent | Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | JIHTAB 21,236,1939 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 20 ppm (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 47,199,1989 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,1511,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data | IMEMDT 71,1511,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 71,1511,1999 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JACTDZ 8,707,1989 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CHHSA* 9,6,2002 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 20 ppm (70 mg/m3) (skin) | DTLVS* 3,175,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 20 ppm (71 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 10 ppm (36 mg/m3);KZW 10 ppm (36 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 10 ppm (36 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 20 ppm (72 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 10 ppm (36 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 36 mg/m3 (10 ppm);short term exposure limit 72 mg/m3 (20 ppm), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 10 ppm (36 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 20 ppm (72 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 20 ppm (70 mg/m3), VLE 30 ppm (105 mg/m3), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 10 ppm (36 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 70 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 70 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 10 ppm (36 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 20 ppm (72 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 20 ppm (70 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 30 ppm (105 mg/m3), skin, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 20 ppm (70 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 30 ppm (skin), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 20 ppm (71 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 20ppm (70 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 20 ppm (71 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 70 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 100 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1.5 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 10 ppm (35 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 15 ppm (50 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 10 ppm (36 mg/m3), KZG-week 20 ppm (72 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 36 mg/m3, Skin, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 20 ppm (70 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 10 ppm (36 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 20 ppm (72 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 20 ppm (70 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 20 ppm (70 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 20 ppm (70 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 20 ppm (70 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO MORPHOLINE-air | 10H time-weighted average 20 ppm (Sk);short term exposure limit 30 ppm (Sk) | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 48910; Number of Industries 133; Total Number of Facilities 13767; Number of Occupations 105; Total Number of Employees Exposed 214367; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 65146 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 48910; Number of Industries 132; Total Number of Facilities 20431; Number of Occupations 82; Total Number of Employees Exposed 122734 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Host-mediated assay | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health