Formaldehyde
RTECS #
LP8925000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
30.03
Molecular Formula
CH2O
Synonyms
Aldehyd mravenci (Czech)
Aldehyde formique (French)
Aldeide formica (Italian)
BFV
Fannoform
Formaldehyd (Czech, Polish)
Formaldehyde (ACGIH:OSHA)
Formaldehyde, gas
Formalin
Formalin 40
Formalina (Italian)
Formaline (German)
Formalin-loesungen (German)
Formalith
Formic aldehyde
Formol
FYDE
Lysoform
Methaldehyde
Methanal
Methyl aldehyde
Methylene oxide
Morbicid
NCI-C02799
Oplossingen (Dutch)
Oxomethane
Oxymethylene
Paraform
RCRA waste number U122
Superlysoform
Aldehyde formique (French)
Aldeide formica (Italian)
BFV
Fannoform
Formaldehyd (Czech, Polish)
Formaldehyde (ACGIH:OSHA)
Formaldehyde, gas
Formalin
Formalin 40
Formalina (Italian)
Formaline (German)
Formalin-loesungen (German)
Formalith
Formic aldehyde
Formol
FYDE
Lysoform
Methaldehyde
Methanal
Methyl aldehyde
Methylene oxide
Morbicid
NCI-C02799
Oplossingen (Dutch)
Oxomethane
Oxymethylene
Paraform
RCRA waste number U122
Superlysoform
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /human | 4 ppm/5M | IAPWAR 4,79,1961 | |
| eye /human | 1 ppm/6M rinse | mild | AIHAAP 44,463,1983 |
| eye /rabbit | 750 µg/24H | severe | 85JCAE -,264,1986 |
| eye /rabbit | 750 µg | severe | AJOPAA 29,1363,1946 |
| eye /rabbit | 10 mg | severe | TXAPA9 55,501,1980 |
| eye /rabbit | 37% | severe | JTPAE7 29,187,2001 |
| skin /human | 2%/48H | JAADDB 8,157,1983 | |
| skin /human | 0.01% | severe | BJDEAZ 158,734,2008 |
| skin /human | 150 µg/3D- intermittent | mild | 85DKA8 -,127,1977 |
| skin /man | 1%/2D | CODEDG 58,175,2008 | |
| skin /rabbit | 2 mg/24H | severe | 85JCAE -,264,1986 |
| skin /rabbit | 540 mg open irritation test | mild | UCDS** 4/21/1967 |
| skin /rabbit | 50 mg/24H | moderate | TXAPA9 21,369,1972 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/non-mammalian species | 40 mmol/L | CAANAT 56,712,1972 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/grasshopper | 750 µmol/L | ENMUDM 8,401,1986 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 10 mg/L | TSITAQ 24,1056,1982 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | fibroblast/human | 2 mmol/L | MUREAV 119,309,1983 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | inhalation/rat | 500 µg/m3/17W-continuous | GISAAA 53(5),75,1988 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | inhalation/rat | 15 ppm/5D- intermittent | ENMUDM 7(Suppl 3),53,1985 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/mouse | 100 mg/kg | ENMUDM 4,317,1982 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/mouse | 15 mg/kg | ENMUDM 5,381,1983 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/hamster | 18 mg/L | GMCRDC 27,95,1981 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 200 µg/L | ENMUDM 7,1,1985 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/mouse | 125 µmol/L/2H | MUTAEX 17,183,2002 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/human | 0.0003 µmol/L/30H | MUREAV 649,45,2008 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/human | 150 µmol/L/2H | MUREAV 719,35,2011 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | inhalation/human | 0.9 µg/L/8H/18Y- intermittent | MUREAV 698,11,2010 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/human | 50 µmol/L/10D | TOLED5 225,233,2014 |
| DNA adduct | other cell types/human | 500 mg/L | MUREAV 563,13,2004 |
| DNA adduct | lymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified) | 500 ppm | MOLBBJ 7,201,1973 |
| DNA adduct | /Escherichia coli | 5 ppm | MUREAV 89,95,1981 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/human | 10 µmol/L | CRNGDP 17,121,1996 |
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/human | 100 µmol/L | ENMUDM 7,267,1985 |
| DNA Damage | lung/human | 100 µmol/L | SCIEAS 220,216,1983 |
| DNA Damage | leukocyte/human | 12500 nmol/L | MUREAV 468,93,2000 |
| DNA Damage | liver/mouse | 250 µmol/L | CRNGDP 15,991,1994 |
| DNA Damage | leukocyte/mouse | 125 µmol/L | JJIND8 67,217,1981 |
| DNA Damage | ovary/hamster | 1 mmol/L | MUREAV 367,143,1996 |
| DNA Damage | liver/rat | 1 mmol/L | CRNGDP 15,991,1994 |
| DNA Damage | inhalation/rat | 35 µg/m3/8W- intermittent | PRKHDK 4,101,1979 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 10 µmol/kg | ENMUDM 4,317,1982 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/rat | 500 µmol/L | ENMUDM 8(Suppl 6),11,1986 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/rat | 200 µmol/L | TXCYAC 51,309,1988 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified) | 660 mmol/L | BIORAK 39,436,1974 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/mouse | 62.5 µmol/L/2H | MUTAEX 17,183,2002 |
| DNA Damage | leukocyte/chicken | 500 ppm | CELLB5 5,45,1975 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/human | 0.1 mmol/L/3H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 540,43,2003 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/human | 0.3 mmol/L/3H (+enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 540,43,2003 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 0.001 µmol/L/1H | NSAPCC 369(Suppl 1),R113,2004 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 25 µmol/L | MUTAEX 22,69,2007 |
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/hamster | 50 µmol/L | MUREAV 649,146,2008 |
| DNA Damage | mammary gland/human | 0.14 mg/L/24H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 588,47,2005 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/rat | 5 mmol/L/10M | MUREAV 634,51,2007 |
| DNA Damage | lung/human | 100 µmol/L/1H | EMMUEG 49,300,2008 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 200 µmol/L/24H | TOLED5 198,289,2010 |
| DNA Damage | lung/mouse | 2 mmol/L/1H | TIVIEQ 27,798,2013 |
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/human | 0.013 mmol/L/24H | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/mouse | 0.013 mmol/L/24H | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 150 µmol/L/2H | MUREAV 719,35,2011 |
| DNA inhibition | HeLa cell/human | 400 µmol/L | CRNGDP 13,2389,1992 |
| DNA inhibition | other cell types/rat | 100 µmol/L | ENMUDM 8(Suppl 6),11,1986 |
| DNA inhibition | other cell types/human | 210 µmol/L | CNREA8 45,2522,1985 |
| DNA inhibition | /Escherichia coli | 5 mmol/L | MUREAV 156,153,1985 |
| DNA repair | /Escherichia coli | 1950 µg/L | CRNGDP 2,189,1981 |
| DNA repair | inhalation/human | 0.9 µg/L/8H/18Y- intermittent | MUREAV 698,11,2010 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | intraperitoneal/rat | 625 µg/kg/5D-continuous | MUREAV 389,141,1997 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 1300 ppm | MGGEAE 106,286,1970 |
| gene conversion and mitotic recombination | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 24 mmol/L | MUREAV 33,179,1975 |
| host-mediated assay | Escherichia coli/mouse | 10 mg/kg | MUREAV 272,161,1992 |
| micronucleus test | oral/rat | 200 mg/kg/30H | MUTAEX 4,327,1989 |
| micronucleus test | multiple/other fish | 0.0074 pph/1H/5D- intermittent | MUREAV 724,22,2011 |
| micronucleus test | lymphocyte/human | 300 µmol/L/27H | MUTAEX 26,805,2011 |
| micronucleus test | lung/human | 300 µmol/L/2H | MUTAEX 26,805,2011 |
| micronucleus test | lung/human | 150 µmol/L/30H | MUTAEX 26,805,2011 |
| micronucleus test | other cell types/human | 300 µmol/L/24H | MUTAEX 22,69,2007 |
| micronucleus test | other cell types/mouse | 25 µmol/L/24H | TOLED5 225,233,2014 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/human | 0.013 mmol/L/24H | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/mouse | 0.013 mmol/L/24H | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/hamster | 3 mmol/L/15M | MUREAV 514,133,2002 |
| micronucleus test | inhalation/human | 2 ppm/15M | MUREAV 605,30,2006 |
| micronucleus test | inhalation/human | 0.1 ppm/8H | MUREAV 615,18,2007 |
| micronucleus test | inhalation/human | 0.985 mg/m3/8H/8.5Y | MUREAV 588,22,2005 |
| micronucleus test | other cell types/human | 300 µmol/L/44H | MUTAEX 22,69,2007 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/hamster | 100 µmol/L | MUREAV 649,146,2008 |
| morphological transform | kidney/rat | 100 µmol/L/3H | EJCODS 22,671,1986 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 125 µg/L | MUREAV 356,85,1996 |
| morphological transform | kidney/hamster | 4 mg/L | CRNGDP 4,457,1983 |
| morphological transform | embryo/mouse | 1 mg/L | ENMUDM 4,357,1982 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/mouse | 74 mg/L | FCTOD7 23,115,1985 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/human | 130 µmol/L | 50RXAH 2,173,1983 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | ovary/hamster | 1 mmol/L | MUREAV 367,143,1996 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 0.25 µmol/L/20M (+/-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 514,133,2002 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 8.48 µg/plate/72H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUTAEX 15,495,2000 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Escherichia coli | 5 µg/plate/48H | MUTAEX 15,317,2000 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 5 µg/plate/48H | MUTAEX 15,317,2000 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Escherichia coli | 2.5 mmol/L/30M | MUTAEX 22,353,2007 |
| mutation in microorganisms | lymphocyte/mouse | 25 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) | FCTOD7 23,115,1985 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Neurospora crassa | 10 mmol/plate (-enzymatic activation step) | CSHSAZ 16,245,1952 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Serratia marcescens | 5 gm/L (-enzymatic activation step) | ATXKA8 28,93,1971 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Other microorganisms | 1 pph/5M-continuous (-enzymatic activation step) | MMAPAP 49,205,1973 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Other microorganisms | 10 ppm (-enzymatic activation step) | POASAD 34,114,1953 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Other microorganisms | 200 ppm (-enzymatic activation step) | APMBAY 6,45,1958 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Other microorganisms | 1000 ppm (-enzymatic activation step) | JOBAAY 63,1,1952 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Other microorganisms | 250 ppm (-enzymatic activation step) | SOGEBZ 8,412,1972 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Other microorganisms | 1 pph/15M (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 7,19,1969 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Other microorganisms | 200 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 62,239,1979 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 100 µmol/L (+/-enzymatic activation step) | MUTAEX 1,427,1986 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Escherichia coli | 100 ppm/3H (-enzymatic activation step) | AMNTA4 85,119,1951 |
| other mutation test systems | /Escherichia coli | 300 µmol/L | MUREAV 203,81,1988 |
| other mutation test systems | /Salmonella typhimurium | 19 mg/L | MUREAV 192,239,1987 |
| other mutation test systems | other cell types/non-mammalian species | 40 mmol/L | CAANAT 56,712,1972 |
| other mutation test systems | other cell types/non-mammalian species | 25 mmol/L | ECREAL 95,233,1975 |
| other mutation test systems | other cell types/human | 210 µmol/L | CNREA8 45,2522,1985 |
| other mutation test systems | other cell types/rat | 100 µmol/L | ENMUDM 8(Suppl 6),11,1986 |
| other mutation test systems | lymphocyte/human | 10 mg/L | TSITAQ 24,1056,1982 |
| phage inhibition capacity | embryo/hamster | 3 µL/L | ENMUDM 6,474,1984 |
| phage inhibition capacity | /Escherichia coli | 25 µg/well | MUREAV 260,349,1991 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | /Aspergillus nidulans | 20 mg/L | EVHPAZ 31,81,1979 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | multiple/non-mammalian species | 700 ppm | MUREAV 201,137,1988 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | unreported route/Drosophila melanogaster | 10 pph/3H-continuous | AMNTA4 90,377,1956 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | inhalation/Drosophila melanogaster | 7 pph/24H | THAGA6 39,330,1969 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 250 ppm | THAGA6 39,330,1969 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | parenteral/Drosophila melanogaster | 2000 ppm | ENMUDM 7,677,1985 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 125 µmol/L | MUTAEX 1,427,1986 |
| sister chromatid exchange | fibroblast/human | 0.013 mmol/L/24H | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| sister chromatid exchange | fibroblast/mouse | 0.013 mmol/L/24H | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| sister chromatid exchange | unreported route/human | 0.4 ppm/15Y- intermittent | MUREAV 514,115,2002 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lung/hamster | 67 µmol/L | ARTODN 58,10,1985 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 110 µg/L | ENMUDM 7,1,1985 |
| sister chromatid exchange | inhalation/human | 0.985 mg/m3/8H/8.5Y | MUREAV 588,22,2005 |
| sister chromatid exchange | fibroblast/hamster | 100 µmol/L | MUREAV 649,146,2008 |
| sister chromatid exchange | other cell types/human | 200 µmol/L/72H | MUTAEX 22,69,2007 |
| specific locus test | other cell types/mouse | 125 µmol/L/2H | MUTAEX 17,183,2002 |
| specific locus test | inhalation/human | 0.9 µg/L/8H/18Y- intermittent | MUREAV 698,11,2010 |
| specific locus test | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 12500 µmol/L | MUREAV 182,243,1987 |
| specific locus test | unreported route/non-mammalian species | 700 ppm | MUREAV 80,273,1981 |
| sperm morphology | oral/rat | 200 mg/kg | ARTODN 53,71,1983 |
| sperm morphology | intraperitoneal/rat | 625 µg/kg/5D-continuous | MUREAV 389,141,1997 |
| sperm morphology | intratesticular/domestic animal | 23 mg/kg | IJEBA6 11,143,1973 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | other cell types/rat | 50 µmol/L | ENMUDM 8(Suppl 6),11,1986 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | oral/rat | 55 mg/kg | JJCREP 79,917,1988 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | liver/rat | 400 mmol/L | MUREAV 221,263,1989 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | HeLa cell/human | 10 nmol/L | CNREA8 38,2621,1978 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 1 mg/m3/24H (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material) | HYSAAV 34(5),266,1969 |
| inhalation/rat | 12 µg/m3/24H (15D prior to copulation/1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | HYSAAV 33(1-3),327,1968 |
| inhalation/rat | 12 µg/m3/24h (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | HYSAAV 33(7-9),112,1968 |
| inhalation/rat | 35 µg/m3/8H (60D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Other effects on male | PRKHDK 4,101,1979 |
| inhalation/rat | 12 µg/m3/24H (20D prior to copulation/1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | BEXBAN 66,868,1968 |
| inhalation/rat | 500 µg/m3/4H (1-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | GISAAA 56(9),35,1991 |
| inhalation/rat | 40 ppm (6-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | VCVGK* -,341,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | 0.0005 gm/m3 (1-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TPKVAL 12,78,1971 |
| inhalation/rat | 0.75 ppm (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TXAPA9 278,266,2014 |
| inhalation/rat | 0.92 mg/m3 (1H/1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system | TOLED5 234,147,2015 |
| intramuscular/mouse | 259 mg/kg (11D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | ANREAK 142,479,1962 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 80 mg/kg (10D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | JRBED2 7,42,1987 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 240 mg/kg (7-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TJADAB 28,37A,1983 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 240 mg/kg (7-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TJADAB 30(1),34A,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 160 mg/kg (7-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | TJADAB 30(1),34A,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 500 mg/kg (5D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | MUREAV 130,417,1984 |
| intratesticular/rat | 400 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | FESTAS 24,884,1973 |
| intratesticular/Dog | 7 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | AEFTAA 6,349,1975 |
| intratesticular/monkey | 4 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | FESTAS 41,465,1984 |
| intratesticular/domestic animal | 6667 µg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | IJEBA6 11,143,1973 |
| oral/rat | 17.6 mg/kg (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | VCVGK* -,341,1994 |
| oral/rat | 176 mg/kg (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | VCVGK* -,341,1994 |
| oral/rat | 10.5 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system | GISAAA 6,31,1994 |
| oral/rat | 168 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system | GISAAA 54(3),89,1989 |
| oral/rat | 168 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system | GISAAA 55(3),89,1990 |
| oral/rat | 200 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TJADAB 26(3),14A,1982 |
| oral/rat | 168 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | GISAAA 55(4),36,1990 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 46243 mg/kg (20D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | ENDOAO 28,129,1941 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 14300 ppb/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | CNREA8 43,4382,1983 |
| inhalation/mouse | toxic concentration: 15 ppm/6H/104W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | EVSRBT 25,353,1982 |
| inhalation/rat | toxic concentration: 15 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | CIIT** DOCKET #10992,1982 |
| inhalation/rat | toxic concentration: 5600 ppb/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | CNREA8 43,4382,1983 |
| inhalation/rat | toxic concentration: 14300 ppb/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | 50EXAK -,111,1983 |
| inhalation/rat | toxic concentration: 15 ppm/6H/78W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | CNREA8 40,3398,1980 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 14300 ppb/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | CNREA8 43,4382,1983 |
| inhalation/rat | toxic concentration: 6 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | EVSRBT 25,353,1982 |
| inhalation/rat | toxic concentration: 15 ppm/6H/86W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | TXAPA9 81,401,1985 |
| inhalation/rat | toxic concentration: 14 ppm/6H/84W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | JJIND8 68,597,1982 |
| inhalation/rat | toxic concentration: 18750 µg/m3/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | GISAAA 48(4),60,1983 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 109 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Blood: Leukemia | TIHEEC 5,699,1989 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1170 mg/kg/65W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | GANNA2 45,451,1954 |
| subcutaneous/rat | toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/78W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | FAONAU 50A,71,1972 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.56 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.13 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.013 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 µmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TXCYAC 290,82,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 µmol/L/12H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 290,82,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 5.8 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 26,1150,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 4.3 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,1150,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (5 percent kill): 8220 mg/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 27,857,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 63.0 mg/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,857,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 45 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 30,318,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 45 mg/L/48H | Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response | TIVIEQ 30,318,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 45 mg/L/24H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 30,318,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.9 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 3,189,1989 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 7000 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 200,109,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 7000 µmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TOLED5 200,109,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/6W | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 205,235,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell growth: Colony formation In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TXAPA9 286,135,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TXAPA9 286,135,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 µmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 292,13,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 150 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 292,13,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 µmol/L/15M | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase | TXCYAC 292,13,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/24W | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 205,235,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 16 gm/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,174,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.8 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 27,174,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.5 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,174,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.6 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,174,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 0.11 mmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 30,274,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 292,13,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 271,100,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.1 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 27,174,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.1 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,174,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 75 µg/m3/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 195,99,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µg/m3/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 195,99,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1400 µmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 200,109,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1400 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 200,109,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1400 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TOLED5 200,109,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 3500 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 200,109,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 62,763,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | FCTOD7 62,763,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 mmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 62,763,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 mmol/L/8H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 62,763,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 350 µmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 200,109,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 3500 µmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 200,109,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 103 µmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 82 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 83 µmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 128 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 83.2 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiation | TOLED5 223,154,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TOLED5 223,154,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 6 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 6 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, melanoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 37,106,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, monocyte | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 190 mg/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1233,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, monocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 126 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 199,51,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, monocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 126 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 199,51,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µmol/L/24H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXAPA9 283,147,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 400 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXAPA9 283,147,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 pph/15M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,787,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 201.6 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXAPA9 245,281,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 63.2 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 245,281,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 25 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 37,106,2016 |
| In Vitro/jdc | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 198,289,2010 |
| In Vitro/jdc | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 198,289,2010 |
| In Vitro/jdc | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 µg/L/3H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 229,144,2014 |
| In Vitro/jpc | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/10D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 225,233,2014 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 12.7 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 28,626,2014 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.013 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.13 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.32 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.1 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 27,174,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.1 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,174,2013 |
| In Vitro/Non-mammalian species, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 20.48 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,537,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rabbit, ocular | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.008 gm/L/10M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell Viability (cell death), unspecified assay | TIVIEQ 3,329,1989 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 80 µmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 33,290,2012 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 80 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | NRTXDN 33,290,2012 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 60 µmol/L/12H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 33,290,2012 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5011.9 µmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 32,347,2016 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 20.4 mmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 32,347,2016 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 38 mmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 32,347,2016 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 4677.3 µmol/L/1H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 32,347,2016 |
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 140 mg/m3/1M | Behavioral: Excitement Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | VCVGK* -,336,1984 |
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 140 mg/m3/3M | Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVGK* -,336,1984 |
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 mg/m3 | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | VCVGK* -,336,1984 |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 400 mg/m3/2H | 85GMAT -,69,1982 | |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 17 mg/m3/30M | Eye: Lacrimation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | JAMAAP 165,1908,1957 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 mg/m3 | Behavioral: Headache | VCVGK* -,341,1984 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 2.5 ppm | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough | VCVGK* -,341,1984 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.2 ppm | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | VCVGK* -,341,1984 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3 | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough | VCVGK* -,345,1984 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/6M | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | VCVGK* -,345,1984 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 2 ppm/40M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | VCVGK* -,337,1984 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.75 ppm | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOXID9 44,87,2005 |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 µg/m3 | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Behavioral: Aggression | GTPZAB 12(7),20,1968 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 2.55 ppm/2M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | VCVGK* -,336,1984 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 2 ppm/6M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | TOLED5 9,137,1981 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 454 mg/m3/4H | CUTOEX 1,47,1993 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 505 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: Tetany Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVGK* -,335,1984 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 155 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: Tetany Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVGK* -,335,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 308 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: Tetany Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVGK* -,335,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 ppm/15M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | TOLED5 199,254,2010 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 ppm/45M | Vascular: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOLED5 199,254,2010 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 578 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: Tetany Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVGK* -,335,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 250 ppm/2H | Behavioral: Tetany Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVGK* -,335,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 15 ppm | Olfaction: Tumors Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum Gastrointestinal: Decreased motility or constipation | VCVGK* -,336,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2 ppm/10M | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | VCVGK* -,336,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/6H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | VCVGK* -,336,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 203 mg/m3 | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Excitement | GTPZAB 18(2),55,1974 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 250 ppm/4H | ENTOX* -,375,2005 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 815 ppm/0.5H | ENTOX* -,375,2005 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.005 gm/m3/4H | TPKVAL 11,143,1969 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.05 gm/m3/4H | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | TPKVAL 11,143,1969 |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 0.1 gm/m3/4H | TPKVAL 11,143,1969 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 15 ppm/6H | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | VCVGK* -,338,1984 |
| intradermal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5.3 mg/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | FITOT* 82,620,2011 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 16 mg/kg | TXAPA9 23,288,1972 | |
| intravenous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg | Blood: Other changes | APTOA6 8,275,1952 |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 70 mg/kg | IPSTB3 3,93,1976 | |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 48 mg/kg | ARZNAD 5,213,1955 | |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 87 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,336,1984 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 260 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,336,1984 | |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 70 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,338,1984 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 2.14 mL/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Pleural effusion Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach | JTCTDW 45,72,2007 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 646 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Gastritis Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JJTOEX 4,261,1991 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 643 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory obstruction Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JJTOEX 4,261,1991 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 42 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Excitement | NTIS** AD-A125-539 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 385 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,335,1984 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,336,1984 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,336,1984 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (16 percent kill): 284 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,335,1984 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (84 percent kill): 729 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,335,1984 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg | FCTOD7 26,447,1988 | |
| oral/woman | lowest published lethal dose: 108 mg/kg | 29ZWAE -,328,1968 | |
| oral/woman | lowest published lethal dose: 1 mL/kg | Behavioral: Coma Cardiac: Other changes Gastrointestinal: Alteration in gastric secretion | ICMED9 23,708,1997 |
| oral/woman | lowest published toxic dose: 3.6 mL/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | JTCTDW 41,665,2003 |
| parenteral/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 800 µg/kg | IPSTB3 3,93,1976 | |
| parenteral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 0.05 mg/kg | Eye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other) Eye: Hemorrhage Eye: Other eye effects | PHTOEH 89,74,2001 |
| parenteral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg | Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) | PHTOEH 89,74,2001 |
| parenteral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | FATOAO 50,94,1987 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 270 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,336,1984 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 270 µL/kg | UCDS** 4/21/1967 | |
| skin/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg | Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, irritative Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 255,100,2009 |
| subcutaneous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 350 mg/kg | IPSTB3 3,93,1976 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,335,1984 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 16 mg/kg | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | JPETAB 292,331,2000 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchiolar constriction, including asthma | APTOA6 6,299,1950 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 18.18 mg/kg | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes | BCLPT* 105,120,2009 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 16 mg/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | JOETD7 149,191,2013 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 240 mg/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | JAMAAP 62,984,1914 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 420 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchiolar constriction, including asthma | APTOA6 6,299,1950 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10.42 µL/kg | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes | BPBLEO 31,1559,2008 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.009 gm/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | PYTOEY 10,474,2003 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve | JCINAO 111,507,2003 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.83 mg/kg | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | JPETAB 292,743,2000 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving segmental distribution | BJMRDK 34,397,2001 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXIA6 43,273,2004 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes | JPETAB 309,616,2004 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 0.42 gm/kg | ENTOX* -,375,2005 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3.76 mg/kg | Spinal Cord: Inflammatory changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | EJPHAZ 441,67,2002 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.25 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase | FATOAO 45,81,1982 |
| unreported route/man | lowest published lethal dose: 477 mg/kg | 85DCAI 2,73,1970 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 1.2 mg/m3/6H/8W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | VCVGK* -,338,1994 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m3/50H-continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.011 mg/m3/30D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 14 pph/168D- intermittent | Eye: Other eye effects | VCVGK* -,341,1994 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/6H/4D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | VCVGK* -,338,1994 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic concentration: 42 mg/m3/6H/2W- intermittent | Olfaction: Ulcerated nasal septum | VCVGK* -,338,1994 |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 pph/30D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Gastrointestinal: Tumors Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,343,1994 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 7.2 mg/m3/6H/30D- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | VCVGK* -,338,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 15 ppm/6H/5D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response | VCVGK* -,338,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/1H/35W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Liver function tests impaired Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 14.3 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Olfaction: Tumors | VCVGK* -,343,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 80 ppb/12W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 197,1,2004 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 400 ppb/12W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 197,1,2004 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppb/12W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response | TXCYAC 197,1,2004 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/6H/2W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOLED5 223,154,2013 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 12.3 mg/m3/6H/13W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | RTOPDW 57,274,2010 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/4D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Blood: Changes in spleen Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXAPA9 214,35,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.36 mg/m3/6H/122W- intermittent | Olfaction: Tumors | VCVGK* -,343,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5.6 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Olfaction: Tumors | VCVGK* -,343,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.005 gm/m3/19D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Blood: Other changes | TPKVAL 12,78,1971 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.0005 gm/m3/19D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | TPKVAL 12,78,1971 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/3D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 256,157,2009 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 15 ppm/6H/12W- continuous | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | ETPAEK 61,297,2009 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 12.8 mg/m3/10W- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Porphyrin including bile pigments | TOVEFN (5),13,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/90M/3D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 207,278,2011 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/90M/3D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 205,327,2011 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/90M/3D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 207,278,2011 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Liver function tests impaired Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Behavioral: Ataxia | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 mg/m3/2W- continuous | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 mg/m3/90D- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Liver: Multiple effects Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in blood vessels or in circulation of kidney | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.035 mg/m3/98D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.012 mg/m3/98D- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/182D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,340,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5 ppm/4W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | VCVGK* -,338,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 15 ppm/6H/24W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | ENVRAL 49,50,1989 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4 ppm/30M/13W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | TOLED5 47,287,1989 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 99 ppm/6H/30D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOXID9 3,73,1983 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3200 ppb/6H/3D- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | FAATDF 29,208,1996 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 9.6 mg/m3/22H/60D- intermittent | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Liver: Changes in liver weight | VCVGK* -,338,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 mg/m3/40D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.7 mg/m3/60D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m3/50H-continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| inhalation/woman | lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m3/5Y- intermittent | Behavioral: Headache Behavioral: Irritability | VCVGK* -,342,1994 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/13D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TIHEEC 23,573,2007 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2730 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight | IYKEDH 24,1175,1993 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 9100 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 29.68 mL/kg/8W- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | VHTODE 43,330,2001 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 198.45 mL/kg/7W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VHTODE 43,330,2001 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 26.88 mL/kg/2W- continuous | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | HETOEA 24,415,2005 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 13.4925 mL/kg/4W- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | HETOEA 24,415,2005 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 20.72 mL/kg/3W- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | HETOEA 24,415,2005 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 23.52 mL/kg/1W- continuous | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | HETOEA 24,415,2005 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 48.44 mL/kg/2W- continuous | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | HETOEA 24,415,2005 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 97.86 mL/kg/4W- continuous | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis | HETOEA 24,415,2005 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 29.0675 mL/kg/8W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Gastrointestinal: Other changes Reproductive: Other effects on female | HETOEA 24,415,2005 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 112.14 mL/kg/8W- continuous | Cardiac: Changes in heart weight Reproductive: Other effects on female Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | HETOEA 24,415,2005 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 208.18 mL/kg/8W- continuous | Cardiac: Changes in heart weight Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | HETOEA 24,415,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 962.5 mg/kg/11W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in spleen | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3500 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Gastritis | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/20D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3500 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation | FCTOD7 26,447,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Gastrointestinal: Gastritis Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | FCTOD7 27,77,1989 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 13650 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| parenteral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 13.4 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | JOETD7 135,55,2011 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 10 pph/3D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response | TXCYAC 261,103,2009 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Skin: After topical application: Cutaneous sensitization (experimental) | CODEDG 45,89,2001 |
| skin/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 56.1 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Increased immune response | TXCYAC 117,229,1997 |
| skin/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 112.5 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation | TXCYAC 117,229,1997 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 16 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | FTRPAE 75,557,2004 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 380 mg/kg/20D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1540 mg/kg/20D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVGK* -,339,1994 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-ceiling concentration 0.3 ppm (sen) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Suspected human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 29,345,1982 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review: Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 62,217,1995 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence | IMSUDL 7,211,1987 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review: Human Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 62,217,1995 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 100F,430,2012 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review: Group 1 | IMEMDT 88,280,2006 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 100F,430,2012 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2A | IMSUDL 7,211,1987 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review: Group 2A | IMEMDT 62,217,1995 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 1 | IMEMDT 100F,430,2012 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 11,163,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CMTVAS 10(3),49,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | 32XPAD -,49,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 34,17,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 17,349,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 566,21,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 544,179,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,43,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,239,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,261,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,227,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,109,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,151,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,347,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 589,111,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 612,1,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AINCM* 7,63,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CHHSA* 9,6,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CHHSA* 10,29,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DIMON* 46,551,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 44,1699,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,375,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 613,1,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 636,178,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 658,124,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 6,85,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 654,114,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 659,93,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,259,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,649,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 233,355,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 252,40,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 681,93,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 681,150,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 636,144,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 22,161,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | IMEMDT 88,171, | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 243,225,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,629,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,33,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,231,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,51,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 678,152,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 711,13,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 728,118,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 717,46,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 728,35,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 49,2921,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 752,72,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 28,485,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 28,375,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 250,87,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 759,27,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 759,49,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 199,203,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 203,20,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 203,97,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 761,40,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 49,196,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 769,34,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 743,10,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 55,596,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 764,31,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 765,19,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 55,679,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 768,27,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 768,53,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 768,68,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 86,298,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 84,133,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 94,93,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,1,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,12,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,170,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TIVIEQ 32,92,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 823,45,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 61,120,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TIVIEQ 36,105,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 106,609,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 831,1,2018 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 54,294,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,200,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,43,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,52,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 56,54,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 58,161,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 58,233,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 58,395,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 33,179,2018 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Supported | RBREV* -,122,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD | air-ceiling concentration 2 ppm (3 mg/m3) | DTLWS* 3,19,1973 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 2 ppm (3 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 1 ppm (1.2 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 2 ppm (2.5 mg/m3), Carcinogen, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 0.5 ppm (0.6 mg/m3);KZW 0.5 ppm (0.6 mg/m3), skin, sen, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.38 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | ceiling concentration 0.3 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 0.3 ppm (0.37 mg/m3), ceiling concentration 1 ppm (1.2 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 0.5 ppm, VLE 1 ppm, C3 Carcinogen, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 0.3 ppm (0.37 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 0.6 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.6 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 0.3 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 1 ppm (1.2 mg/m3), sen, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 0.1 ppm (0.12 mg/m3), 2A carc, a2 sen, s1 sen, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | ceiling concentration 0.2 ppm (0.24 mg/m3), MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 1 ppm (1.5 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 2 ppm (3 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | peak 2 ppm (3 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | ceiling concentration 1 ppm (1.2 mg/m3), sen, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (0.6 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average short term exposure limit 0,3 ppm (0,37 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 0.5 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 1 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (0.6 mg/m3), ceiling concentration 1 ppm (1.2 mg/m3), Carcinogen, Sen, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 0.3 ppm (0.37 mg/m3), KZG-week 0.6 ppm (0.74 mg/m3), carc 3, sen, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 3 ppm, short term exposure limit 5 ppm, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 1.5 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 5 ppm (6 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 5 ppm (6 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 2 ppm (2.5 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 2 ppm (2.5 mg/m3), OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1926.1148 | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (6 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | see 1910.1048 | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO FORMALDEHYDE-air | 8H Carcinogen time-weighted average 0.016 ppm;ceiling concentration 0.1 ppm/15M | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code M1529; Number of Industries 87; Total Number of Facilities 11309; Number of Occupations 69; Total Number of Employees Exposed 207013; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 104994 | |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 33640; Number of Industries 309; Total Number of Facilities 65738; Number of Occupations 193; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1329322; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 441902 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code M1529; Number of Industries 72; Total Number of Facilities 10311; Number of Occupations 67; Total Number of Employees Exposed 66921 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 33640; Number of Industries 213; Total Number of Facilities 33243; Number of Occupations 155; Total Number of Employees Exposed 394660 |
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health