Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, gamma-isomer
RTECS #
GV4900000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
290.82
Molecular Formula
C6H6Cl6
Synonyms
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha isomer
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-isomer
1-alpha,2-alpha,3-beta,4-alpha,5-alpha,6-beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane
Aalindan
Aficide
Agrocide
Agrocide 2
Agrocide 6G
Agrocide 7
Agrocide III
Agrocide WP
Agronexit
Ameisenmittel merck
Ameisentod
Aparasin
Aphtiria
Aplidal
Arbitex
BBH
Ben-Hex
Benhexol
Bentox 10
Benzene hexachloride
Bexol
BHC
Celanex
Chloresene
Codechine
Detmol-extrakt
Detox 25
Devoran
Dol Granule
Drilltox-Spezial Aglukon
ENT 7,796
Entomoxan
Fenoform forte
Forst-Nexen
Gallogama
Gamacarbatox
Gamacid
Gamaphex
Gamene
Gamiso
gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane
gamma-Benzene hexachloride
gamma-Benzohexachloride
gamma-BHC
gamma-HCH
gamma-Hexachloran
gamma-Hexachlorane
gamma-Hexachlorobenzene
gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane
Gammalin
Gammalin 20
gamma-Lindane
Gamma-mean 400
Gammaterr
Geobilan
Geolin G 3
Gexane
HCC
HCCH
HCH
Heclotox
HEXA
Hexachloran
Hexachlorane
Hexachlorocyclohexane
Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-isomer
Hexaverm
Hexicide
Hexyclan
HGI
Hilbeech
Hortex
Hungaria L7
Inexit
Isotox
Jacutin
Kokotine
Kwell
Lacco HI lin
Lasochron
Lendine
Lentox
Lidenal
Lindafor
Lindagam
Lindagrain
Lindagranox
Lindane
Lindane (ACGIH:OSHA)
Lindapoudre
Lindatox
Lindex
Lindosep
Lintox
Linvur
Lorexane
Mglawik L
Milbol 49
Mszycol
NCI-C00204
Neo-Scabicidol
Nexen FB
Nexit
Nexit-stark
Nexol-E
Nicochloran
Novigam
Omnitox
Ovadziak
Owadziak
Pedraczak
Pflanzol
PLK
Quellada
RCRA waste number U129
Sang gamma
Silvanol
Spritzlindane
Spritz-Rapidin
Spruehpflanzol
Streunex
TAP 85
Tri-6
Verindal Ultra
Viton
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha isomer
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-isomer
1-alpha,2-alpha,3-beta,4-alpha,5-alpha,6-beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane
Aalindan
Aficide
Agrocide
Agrocide 2
Agrocide 6G
Agrocide 7
Agrocide III
Agrocide WP
Agronexit
Ameisenmittel merck
Ameisentod
Aparasin
Aphtiria
Aplidal
Arbitex
BBH
Ben-Hex
Benhexol
Bentox 10
Benzene hexachloride
Bexol
BHC
Celanex
Chloresene
Codechine
Detmol-extrakt
Detox 25
Devoran
Dol Granule
Drilltox-Spezial Aglukon
ENT 7,796
Entomoxan
Fenoform forte
Forst-Nexen
Gallogama
Gamacarbatox
Gamacid
Gamaphex
Gamene
Gamiso
gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane
gamma-Benzene hexachloride
gamma-Benzohexachloride
gamma-BHC
gamma-HCH
gamma-Hexachloran
gamma-Hexachlorane
gamma-Hexachlorobenzene
gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane
Gammalin
Gammalin 20
gamma-Lindane
Gamma-mean 400
Gammaterr
Geobilan
Geolin G 3
Gexane
HCC
HCCH
HCH
Heclotox
HEXA
Hexachloran
Hexachlorane
Hexachlorocyclohexane
Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-isomer
Hexaverm
Hexicide
Hexyclan
HGI
Hilbeech
Hortex
Hungaria L7
Inexit
Isotox
Jacutin
Kokotine
Kwell
Lacco HI lin
Lasochron
Lendine
Lentox
Lidenal
Lindafor
Lindagam
Lindagrain
Lindagranox
Lindane
Lindane (ACGIH:OSHA)
Lindapoudre
Lindatox
Lindex
Lindosep
Lintox
Linvur
Lorexane
Mglawik L
Milbol 49
Mszycol
NCI-C00204
Neo-Scabicidol
Nexen FB
Nexit
Nexit-stark
Nexol-E
Nicochloran
Novigam
Omnitox
Ovadziak
Owadziak
Pedraczak
Pflanzol
PLK
Quellada
RCRA waste number U129
Sang gamma
Silvanol
Spritzlindane
Spritz-Rapidin
Spruehpflanzol
Streunex
TAP 85
Tri-6
Verindal Ultra
Viton
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 5 mg/L | BIHAA2 38(Pt1),344,1971 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/mouse | 5 mg/kg | SOGEBZ 2,80,1966 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/mouse | 12600 µg/kg/7D-continuous | FCTOD7 33,309,1995 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | fibroblast/hamster | 63 mg/L/48H | MUREAV 48,337,1977 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/chicken | 50 mg/kg | MUREAV 272,175,1992 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/chicken | 100 mg/kg | MUREAV 272,175,1992 |
| DNA Damage | oral/mouse | 200 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | REPTED 17,25,2003 |
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/human | 6 mmol/L/1H | TOLED5 147,35,2004 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/rat | 500 nmol/tube | FCTOD7 31,271,1993 |
| DNA Damage | liver/rat | 30 µmol/L | SinJF# 26OCT1982 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 60 mg/kg | FCTOD7 31,271,1993 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 500 µmol/L | EMMUEG 24,23,1994 |
| DNA inhibition | lymphocyte/human | 500 mg/L | ARTODN 45,101,1980 |
| DNA inhibition | other cell types/rat | 1 gm/L | ARTODN 45,101,1980 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | oral/mouse | 6720 mg/kg | MUREAV 101,315,1982 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 22 µg/L | FCTOD7 33,309,1995 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/rat | 300 mg/kg | FCTOD7 47,279,2009 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/chicken | 50 mg/kg | MUREAV 272,175,1992 |
| micronucleus test | oral/chicken | 50 mg/kg | MUREAV 272,175,1992 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 100 mg/kg | GISAAA 49(5),82,1984 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lung/hamster | 200 mg/L | GISAAA 49(5),82,1984 |
| other mutation test systems | fibroblast/human | 100 mg/kg | GTPZAB 17(3),32,1973 |
| other mutation test systems | lymphocyte/human | 5 mg/L | BIHAA2 38(Pt1),344,1971 |
| phage inhibition capacity | /Escherichia coli | 1070 µmol/L | MUREAV 182,193,1987 |
| specific locus test | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 6 µg/L | FCTOD7 33,309,1995 |
| sperm morphology | parenteral/rat | 10 mg/kg/10D-continuous | APTOA6 31,1,1972 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | liver/rat | 100 pmol/L | CRNGDP 5,1547,1984 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | liver/other fish | 45 µmol/L | HKXUDL 4,368,1984 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intratesticular/rat | 10 mg/kg (10D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | APTOA6 31,1,1972 |
| oral/mouse | 2730 mg/kg (13W male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | FCTXAV 19,131,1981 |
| oral/mouse | 43300 µg/kg (1-4D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | TXCYAC 59,171,1989 |
| oral/mouse | 44 mg/kg (6-12D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TXCYAC 59,171,1989 |
| oral/mouse | 22500 µg/kg (14-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TXCYAC 59,171,1989 |
| oral/Dog | 473 mg/kg (1-63D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth | 32OAAP -,253,1973 |
| oral/rabbit | 260 mg/kg (6-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TXCYAC 9,239,1978 |
| oral/rabbit | 40 mg/kg (9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | BVIPA7 21,85,1977 |
| oral/rabbit | 60 mg/kg (9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | BVIPA7 21,85,1977 |
| oral/hamster | 20 mg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | BVIPA7 21,85,1977 |
| oral/man | 124 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | JRPFA4 113,95,1998 |
| oral/rat | 5 mg/kg (1-10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | VCVGH* -,541,1990 |
| oral/mouse | 120 mg/kg (9-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Germ cell effects (in offspring) | REPTED 17,25,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 120 mg/kg (9-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | REPTED 17,25,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 200 mg/kg (9-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | REPTED 17,25,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 120 mg/kg (9-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | REPTED 17,475,2003 |
| oral/rat | 2.125 mg/kg (5-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | TXAPA9 225,278,2007 |
| oral/rat | 2.125 mg/kg (5-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | FCTOD7 77,74,2015 |
| oral/woman | 5 mL/kg (18W pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | JRPMAP 37,992,1993 |
| oral/rat | 30 mg/kg (15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | BECTA6 59,360,1997 |
| oral/rat | 200 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TXCYAC 9,239,1978 |
| oral/rat | 100 mg/kg (9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | BVIPA7 21,85,1977 |
| oral/rat | 6100 µg/kg (18W prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders | GISAAA 36(5),19,1971 |
| oral/rat | 12500 µg/kg (16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Maternal- fetal exchange | BECTA6 47,508,1991 |
| oral/rat | 6 mg/kg (9-14D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | HETOEA 16,146,1997 |
| unreported route/rat | 25 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders | TOLED5 48,21,1989 |
| unreported route/rat | 33 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Other effects on female | TOLED5 48,21,1989 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 36960 mg/kg/110W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5376 mg/kg/80W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 10752 mg/kg/80W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood: Tumors | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 13204 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | CRNGDP 8,1889,1987 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 25 gm/kg/73W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Liver: Tumors | FCTXAV 11,433,1973 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3780 mg/kg/80W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1067 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 218 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 289 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 117 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/ctd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µg/L/48H | Endocrine: Other changes | TXAPA9 247,243,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 245 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXAPA9 272,325,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.0068 nmol/L/48H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TXAPA9 272,325,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 73 µmol/L/4M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Membrane currents | TXAPA9 245,191,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 15.1 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 43.0 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/mvx | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 45,81,2017 |
| In Vitro/paa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10.2 µmol/L/44H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1416,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | TXAPA9 248,12,2010 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 27.3 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase | FCTOD7 49,3128,2011 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 25 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase | FCTOD7 49,3128,2011 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 75 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell Viability (cell death), unspecified assay In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase | FCTOD7 49,3128,2011 |
| In Vitro/Rat, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | NRTXDN 33,1048,2012 |
| In Vitro/Rat, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 44,204,2014 |
| In Vitro/Rat, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1.9 µmol/L/10M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 40,75,2014 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 120 mg/m3/6H | Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | GTPZAB 8(10),55,1964 |
| intracerebral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | TOLED5 60,289,1992 |
| intraperitoneal/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes | HBPTO* 1,879,2001 |
| intraperitoneal/hamster | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 640 mg/kg | ARTODN 58,152,1986 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | NRTXDN 29,1114,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (20 percent kill): 60 mg/kg | NRTXDN 29,1114,2008 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 80 mg/kg | NRTXDN 29,1114,2008 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOLED5 148,21,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | JPHPH* 58,641,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | FCTOD7 49,947,2011 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 8 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | FCTOD7 49,947,2011 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | FCTOD7 46,1739,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | FCTOD7 47,279,2009 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | FCTOD7 47,279,2009 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 58.16 mg/kg | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | GEPHDP 18,165,1987 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 35 mg/kg | AEPPAE 212,463,1951 | |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 7500 µg/kg | TIEUA7 5,61,1950 | |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 4500 µg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | JPETAB 92,140,1948 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | BCPCA6 67,2141,2004 |
| oral/cat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,537,1990 | |
| oral/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,537,1990 | |
| oral/child | lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | CMEP** -,1,1956 |
| oral/child | lowest published toxic dose: 111 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | AEHLAU 25,374,1972 |
| oral/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 40 mg/kg | SPEADM 78-1,11,1978 | |
| oral/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,537,1990 | |
| oral/domestic bird | lowest published lethal dose: 400 mg/kg | CNVJA9 23,267,1982 | |
| oral/duck | lowest published lethal dose: 2 gm/kg | CNVJA9 23,267,1982 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 127 mg/kg | FEPRA7 6,386,1947 | |
| oral/hamster | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 360 mg/kg | EJTXAZ 7,159,1974 | |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 840 mg/kg | YAKUD5 34,1232,1992 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 85.8 mg/kg | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolases | TXCYAC 61,41,1990 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 44 mg/kg | JEENAI 65,632,1972 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 15 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,537,1990 | |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg | JHEMA2 22,115,1978 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 76 mg/kg | SPEADM 78-1,11,1978 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 15 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,537,1990 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TJADAB 51,22A,1995 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | TXAPA9 231,10,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes | JTSCDR 32,261,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | TXCYAC 244,190,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 243,116,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 255,131,2009 |
| skin/man | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Eye: Visual field changes Cardiac: Other changes | AJDCAI 141,125,1987 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50 mg/kg | Behavioral: Excitement Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | AFDOAQ 16,3,1952 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg | FEREAC 64,46191,1999 | |
| skin/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,537,1990 | |
| skin/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,537,1990 | |
| skin/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 414 mg/kg | GISAAA 55(7),87,1990 | |
| skin/woman | lowest published toxic dose: 19 mg/kg/1H- intermittent | Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral: Excitement Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other | AEMED3 24,972,1994 |
| Tank with water/Daphnia | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 460 µg/L/48H | TIVIEQ 31,125,1995 | |
| Tank with water/Other invertebrate | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 22.5 mg/L/24H | TIVIEQ 32,271,1995 | |
| unreported route/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | PHTXA6 22,273,1959 |
| unreported route/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg | GTPZAB 17(3),32,1973 | |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | HBPTO* 1,879,2001 |
| unreported route/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 125 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | GISAAA 28(8),29,1963 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m3/4H/9W- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | GISAAA 28(8),29,1963 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/80D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above | GTPZAB 8(10),55,1964 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1700 µg/m3/17W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | GISAAA 43(3),41,1978 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | BECTA6 38,154,1987 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 105 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TXAPA9 19,234,1971 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | TXCYAC 217,147,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TXAPA9 193,66,2003 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 383.1 mg/kg/613D- continuous | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 465 mg/kg/93D- continuous | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 875 mg/kg/50W- continuous | Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Liver: Other changes | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 1120 mg/kg/32W- continuous | Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 170 mg/kg/17D- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 480 mg/kg/48D- continuous | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Tremor Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/duck | lowest published toxic dose: 480 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | IJEBA6 29,94,1991 |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 142 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | BCTKAG 7,37,1974 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 302 mg/kg/12W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | IJEBA6 34,1109,1996 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1954 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TXCYAC 66,75,1991 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1298 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TXCYAC 66,75,1991 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 10483 mg/kg/78W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | JTEHD6 20,411,1987 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 7280 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TXCYAC 66,75,1991 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 42.98 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TXCYAC 66,75,1991 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 28.56 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TXCYAC 66,75,1991 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 42.84 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TXCYAC 66,75,1991 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 160.16 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TXCYAC 66,75,1991 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 13104 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Liver: Tumors Liver: Changes in liver weight | CMSHAF 1,279,1972 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 6048 mg/kg/12W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | CMSHAF 1,153,1972 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2856 mg/kg/17W- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5376 mg/kg/80W- continuous | Behavioral: Aggression Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5376 mg/kg/80W- continuous | Behavioral: Excitement Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 13104 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/80W- continuous | Blood: Leukemia | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 23.24 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TXCYAC 61,41,1990 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 40.88 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TXCYAC 61,41,1990 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 52.5 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TXCYAC 61,41,1990 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/2D- continuous | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina | REPTED 17,475,2003 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 364 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Immunological Including Allergic: Increased immune response | GISAAA 45(1),72,1980 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 118 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | BECTA6 54,258,1995 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 101 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Peptidases | IJEBA6 35,1132,1997 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 49,389,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 364 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Blood: Normocytic anemia Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) | GISAAA 41(10),14,1976 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 185 mg/kg/22W- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | BECTA6 51,795,1993 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 672 mg/kg/2W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | BECTA6 41,531,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 36 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TOLED5 56,137,1991 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 126 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | JJATDK 15,245,1995 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10080 mg/kg/24W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 11116 mg/kg/40W- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4494 mg/kg/107W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7929.6 mg/kg/80W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3780 mg/kg/80W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other | ENVRAL 19,460,1979 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | FCTOD7 41,1077,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | FCTOD7 41,1077,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 375 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | FCTOD7 41,1077,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 45 mg/kg/45D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | ETOPFR 22,90,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 630 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TXCYAC 239,116,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 45 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | JPHSC* 101,250,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | JTSCDR 32,261,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight | JTSCDR 32,261,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Liver: Liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases | FCTOD7 49,991,2011 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg/4D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | FCTOD7 60,318,2013 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 35.5 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | FCTOD7 60,318,2013 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 52.5 mg/kg/21D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | FCTOD7 115,499,2018 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TJADAB 51,22A,1995 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle | TXAPA9 99,384,1989 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 520 mg/kg/104D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | TXAPA9 99,384,1989 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1040 mg/kg/104D- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight Endocrine: Estrogenic | TXAPA9 99,384,1989 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/20D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 99,384,1989 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/104D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight Endocrine: Change in LH Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins | TXAPA9 99,384,1989 |
| skin/pig | lowest published toxic dose: 7500 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXCYAC 10,55,1978 |
| unreported route/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 105 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | HBPTO* 1,771,2001 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/7D- continuous | Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | HBPTO* 1,734,2001 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | HBPTO* 1,879,2001 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence | IMSUDL 7,220,1987 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CNDQA8 10(3),43,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RREVAH 56,107,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PMDCAY 10,85,1974 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DTTIAF 80,485,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ARDEAC 113,353,1977 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CTOXAO 13,231,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | GISAAA 42(9),66,1977 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CNDQA8 14,49,1979 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 127,101,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 488,151,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,109,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 19,209,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 43,143,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 586,138,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 21,93,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 20,389,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CLBIAS 39,762,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,253,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,515,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,4,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOXIA6 49,413,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 7,1,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FEREAC 72,32570,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FEREAC 72,53449,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 654,114,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 26,1,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTPAE7 19,111,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 25,316,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ITODC* -,355,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,251,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HTOPA* 1,501,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 46,813,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HETOEA 26,321,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 682,94,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,231,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 254,86,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 760,1,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 201,152,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 33,1473,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 307,42,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 307,66,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 307,74,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 307,89,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 307,123,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 230,146,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 268,157,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TIVIEQ 30,569,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 105,456,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 107,20,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 108,365,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 265,106,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 58,395,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 61,105,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 61,251,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Supported | RBREV* -,124,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) | DTLVS* 3,146,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 0.008 ppm (0.1 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 0.5 mg/m3;KZW 5 mg/m3, inhal, skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, skin, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 0.1 mg/m3, inhal, 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | 2B carc, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, skin, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 1.5 mg/m3 (skin), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 0,5 mg/m3, JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 0.1 mg/m3, carc 3, inhal, skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 4 µg/m3, Skin, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO LINDANE-air | 8H time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (Sk) | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 09318; Number of Industries 6; Total Number of Facilities 2617; Number of Occupations 11; Total Number of Employees Exposed 15036; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 5153 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 09318; Number of Industries 5; Total Number of Facilities 424; Number of Occupations 6; Total Number of Employees Exposed 689 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/99/166662) | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Host-mediated assay; D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed);no evidence:mouse,rat | NCITR* NCI-TR-14,1977 |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Lindane, 5502 | |
| NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen | |
| On EPA IRIS database |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health