Chlorine oxide

RTECS #

FO3000000

CAS #

10049-04-4
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

December 2017

Molecular Weight

67.45

Molecular Formula

ClO₂

Synonyms

Alcide
Anthium dioxcide
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide (ACGIH:OSHA)
Chlorine peroxide
Chlorine(IV) oxide
Chloroperoxyl
Chloryl radical
Doxcide 50

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye /rabbit	100 mg	mild	JJATDK 2,160,1982

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
DNA Damage	multiple/other fish	1.63 mg/L/3H	MUREAV 557,119,2004
DNA Damage	multiple/other fish	0.1 ppm/72H-continuous	MUREAV 587,103,2005
DNA Damage	leukocyte/human	0.2 ppm/1H	MUTAEX 19,157,2004
DNA inhibition	oral/rat	84 mg/kg/12W-continuous	JEPOEC 6(1),105,1985
micronucleus test	intraperitoneal/mouse	3200 µg/kg	FCTOD7 26,487,1988
micronucleus test	multiple/other fish	1.64 mg/L/20D-continuous	MUREAV 557,119,2004
micronucleus test	multiple/other fish	0.1 ppm/72H-continuous	MUREAV 587,103,2005
micronucleus test	multiple/other fish	1.64 mg/L/20D-continuous	MUREAV 729,81,2012
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	400 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	FCTOD7 22,623,1984
mutation in microorganisms	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	10 ppm/2H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUTAEX 19,157,2004

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/rat	960 mg/kg (76D prior to copulation/1-20D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)	JJATDK 3,75,1983
oral/rat	570 mg/kg (14D pre-21D after birth)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical	NTIS** PB85-245983
oral/rat	1130 mg/kg (8W male/2W pre-3W after birth)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic	TJADAB 35,43A,1987
oral/mouse	840 mg/kg (1-21D preg/21D after birth)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)	EVHPAZ 46,31,1982
oral/rat	92 mg/kg (10W prior to copulation/22D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system	VCVN5* -,381,1989

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/cat	lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m³	Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough	VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 3 mg/m³	Eye: Conjunctiva irritation	VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified)	Lowest published lethal concentration: 200 mg/m³/15M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): >547 gm/m³		WDZAEK 9,201,1995
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m³	Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough	VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m³	Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough	VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m³	Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough	VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 260 ppm/2H	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Other eye effects	AMIHAB 15,101,1957
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): >5 gm/kg		WDZAEK 9,201,1995
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 0.08 mg/kg	Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above	TOVEFN (6),19,2007
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 292 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair	JJATDK 2,160,1982
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 140 mg/kg		VCVN5* -,380,1989
Tank with water/other fish	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.64 mg/L/10D	Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes	MUREAV 729,81,2012
unreported route/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 140 mg/kg		GISAAA 36(11),18,1971

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 7 mg/m³/7H/30D- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 13 mg/m³/2H/30D- intermittent	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 13 mg/m³/2H/30D- intermittent	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/4H/14D- intermittent	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	AMIHAB 15,101,1957
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 7 mg/m³/7H/30D- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	VCVN5* -,380,1989
multiple/non-mammalian species	lowest published toxic dose: 0.2 ppm/72H-continuous	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	MUREAV 587,103,2005
oral/monkey	lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/4W- continuous	Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction	VCVN5* -,381,1989
oral/monkey	lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/8W- continuous	Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunction	VCVN5* -,381,1989
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 365 mg/kg/1Y- continuous	Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	JEPOEC 6(1),105,1985
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 0.546 mg/kg/26W- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)	TOVEFN (6),19,2007
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 18.2 mg/kg/26W- intermittent	Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	TOVEFN (6),19,2007
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1.82 mg/kg/26W- intermittent	Cardiac: Change in rate	TOVEFN (6),19,2007

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.1 ppm;short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 564,179,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,555,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 721,27,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TXAPA9 254,100,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TXCYAC 307,3,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NETEEC 52,25,2015

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION		FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES	Supported	RBREV* -,301,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)	DTLVS* 3,46,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.83 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³);KZW 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m³), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.84 mg/m³), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.84 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), VLE 0.3 ppm (0.8 mg/m³), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY	MAK 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m³), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m³), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 0,1 ppm (0,28 mg/m³); short term exposure limit 0,3 ppm (0,83 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 0.3 mg/m³, MAC(short term exposure limit) 0.9 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 0.1 mg/m³, Skin, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), ceiling concentration 0.3 ppm (0.8 mg/m³), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	ceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.84 mg/m³), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CHLORINE DIOXIDE-air	10H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm;short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 18045; Number of Industries 7; Total Number of Facilities 236; Number of Occupations 12; Total Number of Employees Exposed 7892; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 4348

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID202

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health