Acrolein
RTECS #
AS1050000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
56.07
Molecular Formula
C3H4O
Synonyms
2-Propenal
Acraldehyde
Acraldehydeacroleina (Italian)
Acrolein (ACGIH:OSHA)
Acroleina (Italian)
Acroleine (Dutch, French)
Acrylaldehyd (German)
Acrylaldehyde
Acrylic aldehyde
Akrolein (Czech)
Akroleina (Polish)
Aldehyde acrylique (French)
Aldeide acrilica (Italian)
Allyl aldehyde
Aqualin
Aqualine
Biocide
Crolean
Ethylene aldehyde
Magnacide
Magnacide B
Magnacide H
NSC 8819
Prop-2-en-1-al
RCRA waste number P003
Slimicide
trans-Acrolein
Acraldehyde
Acraldehydeacroleina (Italian)
Acrolein (ACGIH:OSHA)
Acroleina (Italian)
Acroleine (Dutch, French)
Acrylaldehyd (German)
Acrylaldehyde
Acrylic aldehyde
Akrolein (Czech)
Akroleina (Polish)
Aldehyde acrylique (French)
Aldeide acrilica (Italian)
Allyl aldehyde
Aqualin
Aqualine
Biocide
Crolean
Ethylene aldehyde
Magnacide
Magnacide B
Magnacide H
NSC 8819
Prop-2-en-1-al
RCRA waste number P003
Slimicide
trans-Acrolein
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /human | 500 ppb/12M | IAPWAR 4,79,1961 | |
| eye /rabbit | 1 mg | severe | UCDS** 6/18/1971 |
| eye /rabbit | 50 µg/24H | severe | 85JCAE -,268,1986 |
| skin /human | 1% | VCVGK* -,386,1994 | |
| skin /rabbit | 5 mg open irritation test | severe | UCDS** 6/18/1971 |
| skin /rabbit | 2 mg/24H | severe | 85JCAE -,268,1986 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| DNA adduct | /Escherichia coli | 286 nmol/L | ARTODN 46,277,1980 |
| DNA adduct | fibroblast/human | 100 µmol/L | CRNGDP 12,1483,1991 |
| DNA adduct | lymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified) | 58 gm/L/3H | CNREA8 44,990,1984 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/rat | 30 mmol/L | ARTODN 58,67,1985 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 30 µmol/L | CNREA8 48,1717,1988 |
| DNA Damage | lung/human | 0.15 pmol/well/1H | TOLED5 132,27,2002 |
| DNA Damage | lung/hamster | 20 nmol/L/18H | TOLED5 148,65,2004 |
| DNA inhibition | intraperitoneal/rat | 500 µg/kg | BICMBE 53,243,1971 |
| DNA inhibition | lymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified) | 80 µmol/L | FEBLAL 30,286,1973 |
| heritable translocation test | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 10 mmol/L/48H | FCTOD7 53,221,2013 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | fibroblast/human | 200 nmol/L | MUREAV 209,17,1988 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lung/hamster | 500 nmol/L | CRNGDP 11,497,1990 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Escherichia coli | 320 nmol/plate | MUREAV 516,81,2002 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 50 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) | ENMUDM 5(Suppl 1),3,1983 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 50 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) | NTPTB* JAN1982 |
| other mutation test systems | intraperitoneal/rat | 500 µg/kg | BICMBE 53,243,1971 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | parenteral/Drosophila melanogaster | 3 mmol/L | MUREAV 260,247,1991 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 5 µmol/L | CNREA8 46,203,1986 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 10 µmol/L | CGCGBR 26,108,1980 |
| sister chromatid exchange | unreported route/hamster | 1.5 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,385,1994 |
| specific locus test | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 5 mmol/L | MUREAV 260,247,1991 |
| specific locus test | other cell types/mouse | 10 µmol/L/4H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 726,98,2011 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intravenous/rabbit | 6 mg/kg (9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | ARZNAD 30,2080,1980 |
| oral/rat | 840 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | FAATDF 19,228,1992 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, kidney tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.19 mg/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 25,1203,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TXAPA9 265,73,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 25 µmol/L/24H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TXAPA9 265,73,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 25 µmol/L/6H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TXAPA9 265,73,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 113.9 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | FCTOD7 96,155,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 109.8 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | FCTOD7 96,155,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 95.2 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | FCTOD7 96,155,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5.3 µg/mL/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | FCTOD7 96,155,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 25 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 35,66,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 12.5 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 35,66,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 4.66 mg/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 19.7 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/8H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 287,105,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 0.04 mmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 30,274,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.5 µg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 46,219,2018 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 7 µmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 28,209,2014 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.15 µg/well/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 40,223,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2 mmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 319,44,2014 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 40,223,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 50 µmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 44 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 25 µmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 45 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 25.2 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1072,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.01 nmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 49,2157,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 30 nmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 49,2157,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 30 nmol/L/10M | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase | FCTOD7 49,2157,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 440 µmol/L/4M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Membrane currents | TXAPA9 245,191,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 3.95 mg/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 20 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 238,32,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 238,32,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TOLED5 238,32,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 28,485,2014 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1.85 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/jaa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 20 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 238,32,2015 |
| In Vitro/jpf | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 30 µmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 240,43,2016 |
| In Vitro/max | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 25 µmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 217,184,2013 |
| In Vitro/max | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 25 µmol/L/12H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 217,184,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, bone marrow | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 4.7 µmol/L/36H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 262,17,2016 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 20.6 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.613 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/24H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Peptidases | TXAPA9 245,76,2010 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/30M | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase | TXAPA9 245,76,2010 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/4H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Peptidases | TXAPA9 245,76,2010 |
| In Vitro/paa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 15.4 µmol/L/44H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1416,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, glioma | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 75.9 µmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXCYAC 314,1,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, glioma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXCYAC 314,1,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, glioma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TXCYAC 314,1,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 25 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 35,66,2016 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 12.5 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 35,66,2016 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 31.7 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1570 mg/m3/2H | APTOA6 6,299,1950 | |
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 250 mg/m3 | Eye: Lacrimation Behavioral: General anesthetic Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/m3 | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1500 mg/m3/2H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Liver: Multiple effects Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| inhalation/child | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppb/2H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory obstruction Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | NPMDAD 8,2469,1979 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | Lowest published lethal concentration: 24 mg/m3/6H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | BMJOAE 2,913,1956 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 10.5 ppm/6H | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| inhalation/hamster | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1000 ppm/10M | Eye: Lacrimation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | SAIGBL 19,367,1977 |
| inhalation/hamster | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 25.4 ppm/4H | VCVGK* -,383,1984 | |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 350 mg/m3/10M | VCVGK* -,384,1984 | |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 7 mg/m3 | Eye: Lacrimation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGK* -,384,1984 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m3/2M | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough | VCVGK* -,384,1984 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.6 mg/m3/5M | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough | VCVGK* -,384,1984 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.8 ppm | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | VCVGK* -,384,1984 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 ppm | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough | VCVGK* -,384,1984 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.14 ppm/2M | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | VCVGK* -,384,1984 |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5500 ppb | 34ZIAG -,73,1969 | |
| inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 153 ppm/10M | NTIS** PB214-270 | |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm | Eye: Lacrimation | BMJOAE 2,913,1956 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 66 ppm/6H | IAANBS 26,281,1970 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 875 ppm/1M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 175 ppm/10M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 152 mg/m3/6H | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 200 mg/m3 | VCVGK* -,383,1984 | |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 650 mg/m3 | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1.7 ppm/10M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1.1 ppm | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | TOXID9 66,98,2002 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 5 ppm/6H | Blood: Change in clotting factors Blood: Other changes | TXAPA9 248,100,2010 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 ppm/3H | Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) Cardiac: Other changes | TXAPA9 324,51,2017 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 275 ppm/10M | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase | TXAPA9 324,61,2017 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 10.5 ppm/6H | VCVGK* -,383,1984 | |
| inhalation/rabbit | Lowest published lethal concentration: 24 mg/m3/6H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | BMJOAE 2,913,1956 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 18 mg/m3/4H | CUTOEX 1,47,1993 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 131 ppm/30M | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 8 ppm/4H | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 23 ppm | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2.5 ppm/4H | Vascular: Other changes | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9008 µg/kg | NCISP* JAN1986 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg | Cardiac: Change in rate Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section | TXAPA9 285,136,2015 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4 mg/kg | TXAPA9 71,84,1983 | |
| intravenous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 15 mg/kg | Blood: Other changes | APTOA6 8,275,1952 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) | VCVGK* -,384,1984 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section | VCVGK* -,384,1984 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.05 mg/kg | Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section | VCVGK* -,384,1984 |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 140 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,384,1984 | |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published lethal dose: 10 mg/kg | AJHYA2 29,32,1939 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 28 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,383,1984 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 13900 µg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** OTS0533812 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TOXID9 -,169,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation | TXAPA9 243,1,2010 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | TOXID9 90,105,2006 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 8 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | TOXID9 90,105,2006 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Blood: Change in clotting factors Blood: Other changes | TXAPA9 248,100,2010 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TXAPA9 285,136,2015 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (20 percent kill): 10 mg/kg | TXAPA9 285,136,2015 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (75 percent kill): 20 mg/kg | TXAPA9 285,136,2015 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 212,241,2012 |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7 mg/kg | ENTOX* -,40,2005 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 26 mg/kg | GISAAA 58(10),4,1993 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 160 mg/kg | ENTOX* -,40,2005 | |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 178 µg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | AEXPBL 43,351,1900 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | APTOA6 6,299,1950 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 400 mg/kg | Behavioral: Excitement Vascular: Shock | VCVGK* -,383,1984 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 164 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,383,1984 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | AEXPBL 43,351,1900 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | APTOA6 6,299,1950 |
| unreported route/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 45 mg/kg | 30ZDA9 -,111,1971 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/Dog | lowest published toxic concentration: 3700 ppb/8H/6W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | TXAPA9 17,726,1970 |
| inhalation/hamster | lowest published toxic concentration: 4900 ppb/6H/13W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight | TXCYAC 9,47,1978 |
| inhalation/hamster | lowest published toxic concentration: 4 ppm/7H/52W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Liver: Changes in liver weight | JTEHD6 3,379,1977 |
| inhalation/hamster | lowest published toxic concentration: 4.9 ppm/13W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | VCVGK* -,385,1994 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 3700 ppb/8H/6W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 17,726,1970 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/3D- intermittent | Cardiac: Changes in coronary arteries | TOXID9 -,137,2009 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/6H/4D- intermittent | Blood: Change in clotting factors Blood: Other changes | TXAPA9 248,100,2010 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 6 ppm/6H/2W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVGK* -,384,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 25 ppm/6H/2W- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,384,1994 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 4900 ppb/6H/13W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight | TXCYAC 9,47,1978 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 ppm/2W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TXCYAC 260,112,2009 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1.52 ppm/61D- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | VCVGK* -,384,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.51 ppm/61D- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | VCVGK* -,384,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.55 ppm/10D- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response | VCVGK* -,384,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 4 ppm/6H/62D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,385,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1.4 ppm/6H/62D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | VCVGK* -,385,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1.52 mg/m3/60D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,385,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.51 mg/m3/60D- continuous | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Porphyrin including bile pigments | VCVGK* -,385,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.15 mg/m3/60D- continuous | Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | VCVGK* -,385,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 4 ppm/6H/62D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXCYAC 34,139,1985 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 4900 ppb/6H/13W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXCYAC 9,47,1978 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 510 µg/m3/24H/9W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | GISAAA 31(1),9,1966 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 ppm/6H/3W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | TOLED5 39,189,1987 |
| intratracheal/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 200 ppm/5M/3D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | VCVGK* -,385,1994 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 162.5 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Gastritis | TXCYAC 253,79,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 650 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Gastritis Liver: Changes in liver weight | TXCYAC 253,79,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Gastritis Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXCYAC 253,79,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOLED5 217,184,2013 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 113 mg/kg/45D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | IJEBA6 35,1373,1997 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | NRTXDN 65,44,2018 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 91 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Liver: Liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,385,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 325 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | TXCYAC 253,79,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/63D- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Gastritis Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXCYAC 253,79,2008 |
| unreported route/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 56.06 µg/kg/7D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Hemorrhage Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 229,384,2014 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-ceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 19,479,1979 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 36,133,1985 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 36,133,1985 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 63,337,1995 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMSUDL 7,78,1987 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 63,339,1995 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 11,163,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CMTVAS 10(3),49,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 47,115,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 544,115,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,347,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,40,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DIMON* 46,551,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 531,1,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 19,169,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 23,428,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 659,56,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,649,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 674,62,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 674,85,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 636,144,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BPRCR* 23,391,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 22,161,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 690,3,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PRESR* 7,123,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 711,13,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TIHEEC 24,447,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 722,147,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 49,2921,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 53,645,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 199,203,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 203,20,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 204,148,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 55,596,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 776,54,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 776,84,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 776,118,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 94,93,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 802,1,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 32,203,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TIVIEQ 36,105,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 324,45,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 265,106,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 777,64,2018 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 54,247,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 54,294,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,43,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 56,67,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 58,395,2010 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Supported | RBREV* -,159,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,5,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.23 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm, (0.69 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3);KZW 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.23 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.7 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.12 mg/m3), MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | ceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (0.23 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VLE 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 0.23 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.23 mg/m3, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 0.1 ppm (0.23 mg/m3), MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.8 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.8 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.23 mg/m3), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | short term exposure limit 0.1 ppm (0.23 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 0.2 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 0.5 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 0.2 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.7 mg/m3), JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | ceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3), JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 0.05 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.23 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO ACROLEIN-air | 10H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm;short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 03530; Number of Industries 4; Total Number of Facilities 37; Number of Occupations 18; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1298; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 5 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 03530; Number of Industries 16; Total Number of Facilities 845; Number of Occupations 25; Total Number of Employees Exposed 7299 |
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health