Toluene, p-nitro-

RTECS #

XT3325000

CAS #

99-99-0
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

March 2019

Molecular Weight

137.15

Molecular Formula

C₇H₇NO₂

Synonyms

1-Methyl-4-nitrobenzene
4-Methylnitrobenzene
4-Nitrotoluene
4-Nitrotoluol
Benzene, 1-methyl-4-nitro- (9CI)
NCI-C60537
Nitrotoluene, para-
para-Nitrotoluol
p-Methylnitrobenzene
p-Nitrotoluene
p-Nitrotoluene (ACGIH:OSHA)
PNT

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	ovary/hamster	500 mg/L	EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987
DNA Damage	testis/rat	0.032 µmol/L	EMMUEG 44,179,2004
DNA repair	/Bacillus subtilis	5 mg/disc	MUREAV 170,11,1986
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	100 nmol/plate/2D	EMMUEG 57,299,2016
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	10 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step)	ENMUDM 4,163,1982
sister chromatid exchange	ovary/hamster	200 mg/L	EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/rat	100 µg/L	EMMUEG 26,147,1995

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
intraperitoneal/rat	30 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina	JTEHD6 36,13,1992
oral/rat	65793 mg/kg (13W male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct	NTPTR* NIH-93-3346

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 507150 mg/kg/105W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	NTIS** NIH No. 01-4432
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 438 gm/kg/2Y- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	TXCYAC 183,221,2003
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 91.3 gm/kg/2Y- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Other reproductive system tumors	TXCYAC 183,221,2003
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 109.5 gm/kg/2Y- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	TXCYAC 183,221,2003
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 80850 mg/kg/105W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	NTIS** NIH No. 01-4432
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 91875 mg/kg/105W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Other reproductive system tumors	NTIS** NIH No. 01-4432

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 419 mg/m³	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia	GTPZAB 22(7),52,1978
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 975 mg/m³	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia	GTPZAB 22(7),52,1978
intraperitoneal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 940 mg/kg	Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation	GISAAA 24(9),15,1959
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1231 mg/kg		NTIS** PB214-270
oral/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1750 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia	GTPZAB 22(7),52,1978
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1960 mg/kg		GTPZAB 25(8),50,1981
skin/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): >16 gm/kg	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	GISAAA 24(9),15,1959

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 73983 mg/kg/13W- continuous	Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	NTPTR* NIH-93-3346
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response	DCTODJ 17,317,1994
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 16800 mg/kg/4W- continuous	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	TXCYAC 183,221,2003
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 33600 mg/kg/8W- continuous	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	TXCYAC 183,221,2003
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	NTPTR* IMM-8703
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response	NTPTR* IMM-8703
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/2W- continuous	Liver: Other changes	CRNGDP 26,689,2005
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 7000 mg/kg/4W- continuous	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	TXCYAC 183,221,2003
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 40425 mg/kg/105W- continuous	Blood: Leukemia Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent	NTIS** NIHNo.01-4432
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 176400 mg/kg/105W- continuous	Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent	NTIS** NIHNo.01-4432
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 194775 mg/kg/105W- continuous	Skin and Appendages: Tumors Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent	NTIS** NIHNo.01-4432
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 65793 mg/kg/13W- continuous	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	NTPTR* NIH-93-3346

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 2 ppm (skin)	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 65,409,1996
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 65,409,1996
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 3	IMEMDT 65,409,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 588,88,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 23,271,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 202,36,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 60,120,2011

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 2 ppm (12 mg/m³), skin, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 2 ppm (12 mg/m³), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 10 ppm (60 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5.5 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 3 mg/m4, MAC(short term exposure limit) 9 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	time-weighted average 1 ppm (6 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), Skin, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), KZG-week 4 ppm (22 mg/m³), skin, JAN2011
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO p-NITROTOLUENE-air	10H time-weighted average 2 ppm (Sk)	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code X6955; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 21; Number of Occupations 5; Total Number of Employees Exposed 4354; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 729

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (feed);equivocal evidence:rat
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (peer review), October 2000
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-23, October 2000

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health