Propane, 2-nitro-

RTECS #

TZ5250000

CAS #

79-46-9
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

March 2018

Molecular Weight

89.11

Molecular Formula

C₃H₇NO₂

Synonyms

2-Nitropropane
2-Nitropropane (ACGIH:OSHA)
2-NP
beta-Nitropropane
Dimethylnitromethane
Isonitropropane
Nipar S-20
Nipar S-20 solvent
Nipar S-30 solvent
Nitroisopropane
RCRA waste number U171

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye /rabbit	0.1 mL	mild	HPV054 -,-,2005

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	lymphocyte/human	60 mmol/L	MUREAV 190,217,1987
DNA Damage	/Salmonella typhimurium	50 mg/L	MUREAV 104,49,1982
DNA Damage	oral/rat	44555 µg/kg	CALEDQ 57,61,1991
DNA Damage	intraperitoneal/rat	100 mg/kg	MUREAV 391,165,1997
DNA Damage	unreported route/mouse	100 mg/kg	MUREAV 577S,1,2005
DNA Damage	fibroblast/hamster	3 mmol/L/6H	MUREAV 726,84,2011
DNA repair	intraperitoneal/rat	20 mg/kg	CRNGDP 9,811,1988
DNA repair	liver/rat	30 µmol/L	CRNGDP 9,811,1988
DNA repair	other cell types/domestic animal	2 mmol/L	MUREAV 413,69,1998
micronucleus test	oral/rat	25 mg/kg	CRNGDP 10,2329,1989
micronucleus test	oral/rat	560 mg/kg/14D	MUREAV 780-781,2,2015
micronucleus test	oral/rat	140 mg/kg/28D	MUREAV 780-781,2,2015
mutation in microorganisms	/Escherichia coli	2500 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step)	SAIGBL 29,34,1987
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	25 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step)	FAATDF 13,341,1989
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1 mg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	ENMUDM 5(Suppl 1),3,1983
sister chromatid exchange	lymphocyte/human	7500 µmol/L	MUREAV 190,217,1987
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/rat	1 µmol/L	MUREAV 221,263,1989
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	intraperitoneal/rat	20 mg/kg	CRNGDP 9,811,1988
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	oral/rat	50 mg/kg	CRNGDP 10,2329,1989

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
intraperitoneal/rat	2550 mg/kg (1-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system	TXAPA9 48,A35,1979
intraperitoneal/rat	2550 mg/kg (1-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	SWEHDO 7(Suppl 4),66,1981

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 207 ppm/7H/26W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	JEPTDQ 2(5),233,1979
inhalation/rat	toxic concentration: 207 ppm/26W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	XPHCI* 25APR1977
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 207 ppm/24W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains	HPV054 -,-,2005
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 4277 mg/kg/16W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	CRNGDP 8,1947,1987

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/cat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 714 ppm/5H	Eye: Lacrimation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands	AMIHBC 5,52,1952
inhalation/guinea pig	Lowest published lethal concentration: 4622 ppm/5H	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis	AMIHBC 5,52,1952
inhalation/man	lowest published toxic concentration: 20 ppm	Behavioral: Anorexia (human) Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting	INMEAF 16,441,1947
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 10 gm/m³/2H		85GMAT -,94,1982
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 558 ppm/6H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Hemorrhage	HPV054 -,-,2005
inhalation/rabbit	Lowest published lethal concentration: 2381 ppm/5H	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis	AMIHBC 5,52,1952
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 12070 mg/m³/1H	Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	HPV054 -,-,2005
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 400 ppm/6H		HPV054 -,-,2005
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 75 mg/kg		NTIS** AD691-490
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published lethal dose: 1100 mg/kg	Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia	BSPLA9 (2),83,1972
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg	Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport	TXCYAC 210,1,2005
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other	TOXID9 1,93,2001
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 393 mg/kg		HPV054 -,-,2005
oral/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg	Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	HPV054 -,-,2005
oral/rabbit	lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation	JIHTAB 22,315,1940
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 565 mg/kg		HPV054 -,-,2005
skin/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2000 mg/kg		HPV054 -,-,2005

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 207 ppm/24W- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Hemorrhage Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases	HPV054 -,-,2005
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/5D- intermittent	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Inflammation, necrosis or scarring of bladder Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	HPV054 -,-,2005
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 400 ppm/3D- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	HPV054 -,-,2005
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 207 ppm/24W- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	HPV054 -,-,2005
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 720 mg/kg/2W- continuous	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	ETPAEK 61,197,2009
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Liver: Tumors	MUREAV 780-781,2,2015
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg/28D- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight	MUREAV 780-781,2,2015

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 10 ppm	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 29,331,1982
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 71,1079,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data	IMEMDT 29,331,1982
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 71,1079,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 2B	IMEMDT 71,1079,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 588,88,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 628,31,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 705,184,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 721,27,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TXAPA9 254,86,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 786-788,14,2015

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 25 ppm (90 mg/m³)	DTLVS* 3,188,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 10 ppm (36 mg/m³), Carcinogen, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	TRK-TMW 5 ppm (18 mg/m³);KZW 20 ppm (72 mg/m³), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 10 ppm (37 mg/m³), Carcinogen, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 5 ppm (18 mg/m³), carc, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 5 ppm (18 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 40 ppm (150 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	ceiling concentration 18 mg/m³, Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 5 ppm (18 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 10 ppm (35 mg/m³), carc, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	2B carc, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	ceiling concentration 10 ppm (35 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 25 ppm (90 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m³), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 10 ppm (35 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 10 ppm (36 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	time-weighted average 2 ppm (7 mg/m³), ceiling concentration 6 ppm (20 mg/m³), Carcinogen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 5 ppm (18 mg/m³), carc 2, skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 0.036 mg/m³, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 25 ppm (90 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 25 ppm (90 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m³), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 25 ppm (90 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 25 ppm (90 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 25 ppm (90 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 25 ppm (90 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 2-NITROPROPANE-air	Carcinogen lowest feasible conc.	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 51090; Number of Industries 15; Total Number of Facilities 345; Number of Occupations 19; Total Number of Employees Exposed 9818; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 1817
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 51090; Number of Industries 57; Total Number of Facilities 2335; Number of Occupations 42; Total Number of Employees Exposed 29842

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: 2-Nitropropane, 2528
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 17, 1977
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #15, SUPERSEDED BY #46
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #46

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health