2-Oxetanone

RTECS #

RQ7350000

CAS #

57-57-8
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

March 2019

Molecular Weight

72.07

Molecular Formula

C₃H₄O₂

Synonyms

1,3-Propiolactone
3-Hydroxypropionic acid lactone
3-Propanolide
3-Propiolactone
beta-PL
Betaprone
beta-Propiolactone
beta-Propiolactone (ACGIH:OSHA)
beta-Propiolakton (Czech)
beta-Propionolactone
beta-Proprolactone
BPL
Hydracrylic acid beta-lactone
Propanolide
Propiolactone
Propionic acid, 3-hydroxy-, beta-lactone

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	fibroblast/human	13 mg/L	CNREA8 46,4720,1986
Cytogenetic Analysis	HeLa cell/human	100 nmol/L	TXCYAC 9,21,1978
Cytogenetic Analysis	leukocyte/rat	250 µmol/L/5H	LBANAX 3,157,1969
Cytogenetic Analysis	fibroblast/hamster	30 mg/L/24H	MUREAV 48,337,1977
Cytogenetic Analysis	lung/hamster	18 mg/L	GMCRDC 27,95,1981
Cytogenetic Analysis	ovary/hamster	200 µg/L	ENMUDM 7,1,1985
DNA adduct	lymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified)	1600 µmol/L/20H	CBINA8 18,327,1977
DNA adduct	liver/mouse	1600 µmol/L/20H	CBINA8 18,327,1977
DNA adduct	/Escherichia coli	10 µmol/L	MUREAV 89,95,1981
DNA Damage	/Other microorganisms	10 mmol/L	JGAMA9 19,339,1973
DNA Damage	/Other microorganisms	1000 ppm	CBINA8 10,41,1975
DNA Damage	/Other microorganisms	2 pph	CBINA8 10,41,1975
DNA Damage	/Other microorganisms	1600 µmol/L	PNASA6 73,2629,1976
DNA Damage	/Bacillus subtilis	110 nmol/L	CNREA8 41,4368,1981
DNA Damage	lymphocyte/human	1 mmol/L	JACTDZ 1(3),125,1982
DNA Damage	skin/mouse	8 nmol/kg	ANYAA9 163,751,1969
DNA Damage	Ascites tumor/mouse	12 mmol/L	CNREA8 36,3025,1976
DNA Damage	liver/rat	30 µmol/L	MUREAV 368,59,1996
DNA Damage	oral/rat	100 mg/kg	CNREA8 38,1589,1978
DNA Damage	intraperitoneal/mouse	100 mg/kg	MUREAV 493,39,2001
DNA Damage	oral/mouse	150 mg/kg	MUREAV 493,39,2001
DNA Damage	lung/hamster	100 µmol/L/1H	BBRCA9 72,732,1976
DNA Damage	embryo/hamster	2500 µg/L	CBINA8 13,105,1976
DNA Damage	liver/rat	100 µmol/L/3H	MUREAV 629,49,2007
DNA inhibition	skin/mouse	8600 µmol/kg	CNREA8 33,769,1973
DNA inhibition	HeLa cell/human	500 µmol/L	MUREAV 92,427,1982
DNA inhibition	/Other microorganisms	5 mmol/L	JGAMA9 19,339,1973
DNA repair	/Escherichia coli	10 µg/disc	JJIND8 62,873,1979
gene conversion and mitotic recombination	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	1 µg/plate	PMRSDJ 1,456,1981
heritable translocation test	parenteral/Drosophila melanogaster	25 mmol/L	MUREAV 66,55,1979
host-mediated assay	Salmonella typhimurium/mouse	405 mg/kg	JJIND8 62,911,1979
micronucleus test	intraperitoneal/mouse	54 mg/kg/24H-continuous	MUREAV 216,321,1989
morphological transform	embryo/mouse	100 µg/L	PMRSDJ 5,659,1985
morphological transform	intraperitoneal/hamster	250 mg/kg	ARPAAQ 95,380,1973
morphological transform	embryo/hamster	2500 µg/L	CBINA8 13,105,1976
morphological transform	kidney/hamster	80 µg/L	BJCAAI 37,873,1978
morphological transform	other cell types/human	7500 µg/L	CNREA8 41,5096,1981
morphological transform	fibroblast/human	28 µmol/L	PNASA6 80,7219,1983
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	ovary/hamster	10 mg/L	MUREAV 94,449,1982
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lung/hamster	2 mmol/L	ENMUDM 6,426,1984
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lymphocyte/mouse	2 mg/L/2H	MUREAV 59,61,1979
mutation in microorganisms	lymphocyte/mouse	15 mg/L/4H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 59,61,1979
mutation in microorganisms	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	1 mmol/L/2H	MUREAV 616,119,2007
mutation in microorganisms	/Schizosaccharomyces pombe	100 µg/L (+/-enzymatic activation step)	PMRSDJ 1,424,1981
mutation in microorganisms	/Neurospora crassa	2 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 53,297,1978
mutation in microorganisms	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	89 mg/L (+/-enzymatic activation step)	PMRSDJ 1,414,1981
mutation in microorganisms	/Serratia marcescens	2 gm/L (-enzymatic activation step)	ATXKA8 28,93,1971
mutation in microorganisms	/Other microorganisms	2 gm/L (-enzymatic activation step)	MOPMA3 6,667,1970
mutation in microorganisms	/Other microorganisms	450 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)	CNREA8 42,3480,1982
mutation in microorganisms	/Other microorganisms	667 ppm/1H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 34,175,1976
mutation in microorganisms	/Escherichia coli	1 µL/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step)	PMRSDJ 1,387,1981
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	ENMUDM 5(Suppl 1),3,1983
other mutation test systems	/Salmonella typhimurium	8300 µg/L	MUREAV 192,239,1987
other mutation test systems	/Bacillus subtilis	50 mmol/L	JOBAAY 136,854,1978
other mutation test systems	/Other microorganisms	5 mmol/L	JGAMA9 19,339,1973
other mutation test systems	other cell types/mouse	57 gm/L	BCPCA6 23,937,1974
phage inhibition capacity	/Other microorganisms	1 mg/plate	ZMMPAO 231,369,1975
phage inhibition capacity	/Escherichia coli	340 nmol/plate	PNASA6 79,5971,1982
phage inhibition capacity	/Salmonella typhimurium	500 ppm	CNREA8 30,830,1970
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	oral/Drosophila melanogaster	250 ppm	ENMUDM 6,189,1984
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	parenteral/Drosophila melanogaster	10 mmol/L	MUREAV 66,55,1979
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	25 mg/L	PMRSDJ 1,468,1981
sister chromatid exchange	ovary/hamster	100 µmol/L	NATUAS 258,121,1975
sister chromatid exchange	lung/hamster	100 µmol/L	MUREAV 118,103,1983
specific locus test	oral/Drosophila melanogaster	200 mmol/L	ENMUDM 6,153,1984
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	/Escherichia coli	15 mmol/L	ZKKOBW 92,177,1978
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	fibroblast/human	160 µg/L	TXCYAC 21,151,1981
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	skin/mouse	8600 µmol/kg	CNREA8 33,769,1973
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	other cell types/mouse	500 µmol/L	JIDEAE 62,480,1974
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	fibroblast/mouse	500 µmol/L	JIDEAE 62,480,1974

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 5 ppm/6H/30D- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors	JJIND8 79,285,1987
intratracheal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 72 mg/kg/30W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchogenic carcinoma	BJCAAI 20,134,1966
intravenous/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	BJCAAI 10,357,1956
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 3080 mg/kg/77W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors	JJIND8 63,1433,1979
oral/mouse	toxic dose: 320 mg/kg/8W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors	CNREA8 43,4747,1983
oral/rat	toxic dose: 3050 mg/kg/61W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors	JNCIAM 37,825,1966
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 2868 mg/kg/1Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Liver: Tumors	BJCAAI 46,924,1982
rectal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 857 mg/kg/6W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors	CNREA8 48,2740,1988
skin/guinea pig	lowest published toxic dose: 56 mg/kg/141W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	BJCAAI 20,200,1966
skin/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 6200 mg/kg/15W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	BJCAAI 9,177,1955
skin/mouse	toxic dose: 37772 mg/kg/2Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	FCTOD7 23,1081,1985
skin/mouse	toxic dose: 8100 mg/kg/27W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	BJCAAI 10,357,1956
skin/mouse	toxic dose: 11 gm/kg/56W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	TXCYAC 6,139,1976
subcutaneous/mouse	toxic dose: 408 mg/kg/34W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	JNCIAM 53,695,1974
subcutaneous/mouse	toxic dose: 648 mg/kg/54W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	JJIND8 63,1433,1979
subcutaneous/mouse	toxic dose: 1168 mg/kg/40W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	JNCIAM 37,825,1966
subcutaneous/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 69 mg/kg/43W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	BJCAAI 19,392,1965
subcutaneous/rat	toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/25W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	BJCAAI 15,85,1961
subcutaneous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 22 mg/kg/25W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	BMBUAQ 20,96,1964
subcutaneous/rat	toxic dose: 1080 mg/kg/54W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	JNCIAM 39,1213,1967

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 25 ppm/6H		85INA8 5,497,1986
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 405 mg/kg		JJIND8 62,911,1979

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.5 ppm	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 4,259,1974
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 71,1103,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data	IMEMDT 4,259,1974
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data	IMEMDT 71,1103,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 2B	IMEMDT 71,1103,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENVRAL 7,243,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		22HAAD 6,409,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 14,141,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 627,10,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 654,114,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 590,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 680,83,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 783,36,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 769,34,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 802,1,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		VETOX* ,339,2018

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD	SUSPECTED CARCINOGEN	DTLWS* 3,27,1972
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m³), Carcinogen, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m³), Carcinogen, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (1.5 mg/m³), carc, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	ceiling concentration 1.5 mg/m³, Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (1.5 mg/m³), carc, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	2B carc, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m³), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 1 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	Group B Carcinogen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m³), carc 2, skin, JAN2011
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1926.1113	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-cancer suspect agent		CFRGBR 29,1910.1013,1987

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO beta-PROPIOLACTONE-air	Carcinogen use 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.1013	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 62270; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 19; Number of Occupations 1; Total Number of Employees Exposed 38

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro SCE-nonhuman
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; SHE-focus assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: CHO gene mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster-reciprocal translocation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: E coli polA without S9; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Host-mediated assay; L5178Y cells in vitro-TK test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro UDS-human fibroblast
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: N crassa-forward mutation; N crassa-reversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion; S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae-reversion
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen
On EPA IRIS database

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health