Ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-
RTECS #
KI8575000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
167.84
Molecular Formula
C2H2Cl4
Synonyms
1,1,2,2-Czterochloroetan (Polish)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloorethaan (Dutch)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloraethan (German)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachlorethane (French)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (ACGIH:OSHA)
1,1,2,2-Tetracloroetano (Italian)
1,1-Dichloro-2,2-dichloroethane
Acetylene tetrachloride
Bonoform
Cellon
NCI-C03554
RCRA waste number U209
s-Tetrachloroethane
sym-Tetrachloroethane
TCE
Tetrachlorethane
Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachlorure d'acetylene (French)
Westron
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloorethaan (Dutch)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloraethan (German)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachlorethane (French)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (ACGIH:OSHA)
1,1,2,2-Tetracloroetano (Italian)
1,1-Dichloro-2,2-dichloroethane
Acetylene tetrachloride
Bonoform
Cellon
NCI-C03554
RCRA waste number U209
s-Tetrachloroethane
sym-Tetrachloroethane
TCE
Tetrachlorethane
Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachlorure d'acetylene (French)
Westron
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 0.1 mL | HPV169 -,-,2004 | |
| skin /rabbit | 0.01 mL | severe | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| DNA inhibition | HeLa cell/human | 6 mmol/L | CRNGDP 13,2389,1992 |
| DNA repair | /Escherichia coli | 15866 µg/plate | CNREA8 34,2576,1974 |
| gene conversion and mitotic recombination | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 5.2 mmol/L/1H (-enzymatic activation step) | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 10 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step) | TECSDY 15,101,1987 |
| other mutation test systems | /Escherichia coli | 14768 µmol/L | EMMUEG 19,98,1992 |
| other mutation test systems | oral/mouse | 200 mg/kg | MUREAV 343,157,1995 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | /Aspergillus nidulans | 200 ppm | MUREAV 201,401,1988 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 56 mg/L | EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 5600 mg/kg (1-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 55 gm/kg/78W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NCITR* NCI-TR-27,1978 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 110 gm/kg/78W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NCITR* NCI-TR-27,1978 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 77532 mg/kg/78W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42 gm/kg/78W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NCITR* NCI-TR-27,1978 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/iag | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2.0 mmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 55,74,2016 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1.2 mmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 3,145,1989 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.6 mmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 3,145,1989 |
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5700 mg/m3/5H | Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVGH* -,386,1990 |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 19000 mg/m3/45M | Eye: Lacrimation Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 19 gm/m3/45M | Eye: Lacrimation Behavioral: General anesthetic Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | AHBAAM 116,131,1936 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 mg/m3/30M | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions | AHBAAM 116,131,1936 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 mg/kg/30M | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Headache | VCVGH* -,386,1990 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 8500 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVGH* -,307,1990 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 40000 mg/m3/2H | VCVGH* -,386,1990 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4500 mg/m3/8H | HPV169 -,-,2004 | |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 40500 mg/m3/3H | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4500 mg/m3/2H | VCVGH* -,386,1990 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 8600 mg/m3/4H | Liver: Other changes | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 6860 mg/m3/4H | HPV169 -,-,2004 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 130 mg/m3 | Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes | TPKVAL 15,76,1979 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/4H | Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes | TPKVAL 15,76,1979 |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1000 ppm/4H | JIHTAB 31,343,1949 | |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | AIHAAP 35,21,1974 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 821 mg/kg | HPV169 -,-,2004 | |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg | QJPPAL 7,205,1934 | |
| oral/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Behavioral: Sleep Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | AJHYA2 16,325,1932 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 479 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic | PCOC** -,1110,1966 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg | INHEAO 32,145,1994 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kg | HPV169 -,-,2004 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3990 mg/kg | HPV169 -,-,2004 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1108 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1108 mg/kg | Behavioral: Sleep Behavioral: Ataxia | JPETAB 123,224,1958 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | QJPPAL 7,205,1934 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/36W- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 7000 ppm/4W- intermittent | Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 15 ppm/28W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 108 ppm/13W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruli | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 560 ppm/15W- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Liver: Changes in liver weight | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 7 ppm/26D- intermittent | Behavioral: Excitement Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/4H/6W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | GTPZAB 21(2),30,1977 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 130 mg/m3/4D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve | TPKVAL 15,76,1979 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 130 mg/m3/8D- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | TPKVAL 15,76,1979 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/4D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | TPKVAL 15,76,1979 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 16 gm/kg/40D- intermittent | Behavioral: Sleep Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | SAIGBL 8,371,1966 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 55380 mg/kg/78W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9480 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NCITR* NCI-TR-27,1978 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2184 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4368 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 24180 mg/kg/78W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 604.8 mg/kg/27W- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other esterases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3780 mg/kg/27W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | HPV169 -,-,2004 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1 ppm (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 20,477,1979 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 71,817,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 106,509,2014 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMSUDL 7,354,1987 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,817,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 71,817,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2B | IMEMDT 106,509,2014 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AIHAAP 40(3),A46,1979 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 628,67,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,148,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HETOEA 25,413,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,577,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 672,10,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 783,66,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 802,1,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 31,347,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 59,364,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin) | DTLVS* 3,249,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 1 ppm (6.9 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 3 ppm (21 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), VLE 5 ppm (35 mg/m3), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 7 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 1 ppm (6.9 mg/m3), skin, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), skin, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 10 ppm (70 mg/m3) (skin), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 1 ppm (6.9 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 5 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 35 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 5 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), KZG-week 2 ppm (14 mg/m3), carc 3, skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 7 mg/m3, Skin, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE-air | 10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 1 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 71460; Number of Industries 2; Total Number of Facilities 501; Number of Occupations 10; Total Number of Employees Exposed 4145; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 926 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 71460; Number of Industries 8; Total Number of Facilities 244; Number of Occupations 15; Total Number of Employees Exposed 7044 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/97/121099/AS) | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: E coli polA without S9; S cerevisiae gene conversion | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae-homozygosis; S cerevisiae-reversion | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);clear evidence:mouse | NCITR* NCI-TR-27,1978 |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);equivocal evidence:rat | NCITR* NCI-TR-27,1978 |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane, 1019 | |
| NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 27, 1978 | |
| NTP Carcinogenesis studies; on test (prechronic studies), October 2000 | |
| NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (peer review), October 2000 | |
| NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-45, October 2000 | |
| On EPA IRIS database |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health