Ethane, bromo-

RTECS #

KH6475000

CAS #

74-96-4
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

April 2017

Molecular Weight

108.98

Molecular Formula

C₂H₅Br

Synonyms

Bromic ether
Bromoethane
Bromure d'ethyle
Ethyl bromide
Ethyl bromide (ACGIH:OSHA)
Etylu bromek (Polish)
Halon 2001
Hydrobromic ether
Monobromoethane
NCI-C55481

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
DNA Damage	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	7300 mg/L/17H	MUREAV 633,80,2007
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	75 ng/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	NTPTR* NTP-TR-363,1989
sister chromatid exchange	ovary/hamster	100 mg/L	EMMUEG 13,60,1989

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Uterine tumors	NTPTR* NTP-TR-363,1989
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 400 ppm /104W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains	HPV224 -,-,2002
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 400 ppm /104W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Uterine tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains	HPV224 -,-,2002
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm /104W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Brain and Coverings: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains	HPV224 -,-,2002
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Brain and Coverings: Tumors	NTPTR* NTP-TR-363,1989

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/cat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 550000 mg/m³/40M		VCVGH* -,584,1990
inhalation/Dog	Lowest published lethal concentration: 80000 mg/m³/1H	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia	VCVGH* -,584,1990
inhalation/guinea pig	Lowest published lethal concentration: 44000 mg/m³	Behavioral: General anesthetic	VCVGH* -,584,1990
inhalation/guinea pig	Lowest published lethal concentration: 1000000 ppm/16M		HPV224 -,-,2002
inhalation/guinea pig	Lowest published lethal concentration: 1700 ppm/810M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes Blood: Hemorrhage	HPV224 -,-,2002
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2723 ppm/4H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	HPV224 -,-,2002
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 16200 ppm/1H		HPV224 -,-,2002
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 16230 ppm/1H	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea	AMRL** TR-72-62,1972
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 85000 mg/m³/15M	Behavioral: General anesthetic	VCVGH* -,584,1990
inhalation/mouse	Lowest published lethal concentration: 15000 mg/m³/6H	Cardiac: Other changes Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	VCVGH* -,584,1990
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 36000 mg/m³/2H		VCVGH* -,572,1990
inhalation/rabbit	Lowest published lethal concentration: 40000 mg/m³		VCVGH* -,584,1990
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4681 ppm/4H	Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	HPV224 -,-,2002
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 534000 mg/m³/4H		VCVGH* -,572,1990
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 26980 ppm/1H		AMRL** TR-72-62,1972
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 573 mg/kg		VCVGH* -,572,1990
intraperitoneal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1750 mg/kg		JPCEAO 320,133,1978
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1350 mg/kg		85GMAT -,65,1982

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/6H/14D- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-363,1989
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm /14D- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Hemorrhage	HPV224 -,-,2002
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm /14D- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Hemorrhage Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	HPV224 -,-,2002
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 47 mg/m³/4H/20W- intermittent	Liver: Other changes	VCVGH* -,585,1990
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 47 mg/m³/4H/20W- intermittent	Liver: Other changes	VCVGH* -,585,1990
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 2 pph/6H/14D- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-363,1989
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1600 ppm/6H/14W- intermittent	Blood: Changes in spleen Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-363,1989
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm /14D- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Hemorrhage	HPV224 -,-,2002
subcutaneous/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg/3D- intermittent	Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins	TXAPA9 209,226,2005
subcutaneous/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg/3D- intermittent	Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina	TXAPA9 209,226,2005

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 5 ppm (skin)	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence	IMEMDT 52,299,1991
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence	IMEMDT 71,1305,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data	IMEMDT 71,1305,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 3	IMEMDT 71,1305,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,283,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HETOEA 25,413,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HTOPA* 1,501,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TIHEEC 24,655,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 802,1,2016

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 200 ppm (890 mg/m³)	DTLVS* 3,105,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m³), Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m³), skin, carc, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 5 ppm (23 mg/m³), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 200 ppm (890 mg/m³), C3 Carcinogen, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	time-weighted average 50 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 50 mg/m³, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m³), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 200 ppm (890 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 250 ppm (1110 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 200 ppm (890 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 250 ppm (skin), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m³), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 5 ppm (22.3 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 50 mg/m³, MAC(short term exposure limit) 400 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 5 mg/m³, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 5 ppm (22 mg/m³), carc 2, skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 22 mg/m³, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 300 ppm (890 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 200 ppm (890 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (890 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (890 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (890 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (890 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 31900; Number of Industries 15; Total Number of Facilities 1452; Number of Occupations 13; Total Number of Employees Exposed 12285; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 1535
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 31900; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 14; Number of Occupations 1; Total Number of Employees Exposed 196

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);clear evidence:mouse
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);equivocal evidence:rat
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Ethyl bromide, 1011
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (inhalation);some evidence:rat NTPTR* NTP-TR-363,1989
On EPA IRIS database

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health