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Round 2 Topic: Technology-facilitated Sexual Violence
Rapid Surveys from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) collect timely, relevant data on topics of public health importance. Surveys are conducted several times a year using probability-based commercial online panels. Each survey includes a unique set of questions about different public health topics. Data collection for Round 2 occurred during October—November 2023.
This page includes estimates in table format. Estimates for technology-facilitated sexual violence include indicators such as the percentage of adults ages 18 and older who ever had a revealing or sexual photo or video emailed, texted, or electronically posted without their consent. Also included are measures about adults being threated that revealing or sexual content about them will be electronically shared with others unless they agree to specific actions, including sending additional photos or videos, having a sexual relationship, paying money, or staying in a relationship.
| Ever had a revealing or sexual photo or video emailed, texted, or electronically posted without consent | Ever had fake pornographic photos or videos created or shared online without consent | Ever threatened with sharing a revealing or sexual photo or video through the internet, social media, email, or text message | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Percent (95% confidence interval) | ||
| Total | 4.4 (3.8–5.0) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 4.9 (4.2–5.6) |
| Age group | |||
| 18–44 | 7.3 (6.1–8.6) | 2.3 (1.6–3.1) | 7.9 (6.6–9.4) |
| 45–64 | 2.3 (1.6–3.0) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 2.4 (1.8–3.1) |
| 65 and older | 1.1 (0.6–1.7) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 1.9 (1.3–2.7) |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 5.2 (4.3–6.2) | 1.3 (0.8–1.8) | 4.7 (3.8–5.7) |
| Male | 3.5 (2.8–4.5) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 5.0 (4.0–6.2) |
| Race and Hispanic origin | |||
| Hispanic | 4.0 (2.6–5.9) | 2.2 (1.2–3.5) | 5.0 (3.2–7.3) |
| Black or African American, non-Hispanic | 3.8 (2.3–5.9) | 1.9 (0.8–3.7) | 5.3 (3.4–7.9) |
| White, non-Hispanic | 4.4 (3.7–5.3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 4.7 (4.0–5.6) |
| Other single or multiple races, non-Hispanic | 5.8 (3.4–9.0) | 1.0 (0.3–2.6) | 3.7 (2.1–6.2) |
| Education | |||
| High school degree or GED or less | 5.5 (4.3–6.9) | 2.2 (1.4–3.1) | 6.2 (4.9–7.8) |
| Some college | 3.9 (2.9–5.0) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 5.4 (4.3–6.8) |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 3.6 (2.8–4.5) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 2.9 (2.2–3.7) |
| Household income as a percentage of the federal poverty level | |||
| Less than 100% FPL | 9.6 (6.9–12.9) | 3.8 (2.4–5.9) | 8.6 (6.3–11.3) |
| 100% to less than 200% FPL | 4.1 (2.9–5.6) | 1.1 (0.5–1.9) | 6.1 (4.2–8.5) |
| 200% and greater FPL | 3.5 (2.9–4.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 3.9 (3.2–4.7) |
| Region | |||
| Northeast | 3.6 (2.2–5.4) | 1.5 (0.7–2.8) | 5.0 (3.1–7.5) |
| Midwest | 5.4 (4.0–7.0) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 4.6 (3.4–6.1) |
| South | 4.5 (3.5–5.7) | 1.6 (1.0–2.4) | 5.3 (4.2–6.6) |
| West | 3.9 (2.8–5.2) | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 4.3 (3.2–5.6) |
| Urbanicity | |||
| Large central metro | 4.4 (3.3–5.7) | 1.6 (0.9–2.5) | 4.2 (3.1–5.6) |
| Large fringe metro | 3.9 (2.8–5.2) | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | 4.4 (3.3–5.8) |
| Medium and small metro | 4.7 (3.6–6.0) | 1.4 (0.8–2.1) | 5.3 (4.0–6.9) |
| Nonmetropolitan | 4.4 (3.1–6.2) | 1.5 (0.6–2.9) | 6.1 (4.4–8.2) |
| Race | |||
| Asian only | * | 0.8 (0.1–2.6) | 3.1 (1.3–6.0) |
| Black or African American only | 3.8 (2.3–5.7) | 1.9 (0.8–3.6) | 5.4 (3.5–7.8) |
| White only | 4.4 (3.7–5.2) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 4.9 (4.1–5.8) |
| Other single or multiple races | 6.9 (4.1–10.7) | 2.0 (0.7–4.2) | 5.3 (2.9–8.7) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 4.0 (2.6–5.9) | 2.2 (1.2–3.5) | 5.0 (3.2–7.3) |
| Not Hispanic | 4.5 (3.8–5.2) | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | 4.7 (4.0–5.5) |
NOTES: GED = general educational development certificate. FPL = federal poverty level. All estimates shown meet the NCHS standards of reliability. See technical notes for more details.
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, Rapid Surveys System, Round 2, October–November, 2023.
| Threatened in order to receive additional sexual photos or videos | Threatened in order to have sexual relationship | Threatened in order to get money | Threatened in order to stay in or maintain relationship | Threatened for some other reason | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Percent (95% confidence interval) | ||||
| Total | 33.7 (27.0–41.0) | 34.9 (27.5–42.9) | 45.6 (38.1–53.3) | 35.6 (28.8–42.8) | 28.3 (22.1–35.1) |
| Age group | |||||
| 18–44 | 35.2 (27.0–44.1) | 39.3 (30.1–49.1) | 39.2 (30.2–48.7) | 41.3 (32.7–50.4) | 30.6 (22.8–39.2) |
| 45–64 | 28.7 (16.9–43.0) | 19.7 (10.0–32.9) | 56.7 (42.3–70.2) | 14.1 (6.7–25.0) | 22.9 (12.8–35.8) |
| 65 and older | * | * | ** | * | * |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 42.1 (31.9–52.9) | 48.8 (38.0–59.7) | 18.9 (12.3–27.2) | 50.7 (39.9–61.4) | 29.5 (21.2–39.0) |
| Male | 25.5 (16.6–36.2) | 21.5 (12.8–32.6) | 71.7 (60.4–81.3) | 21.0 (12.9–31.2) | 27.1 (18.3–37.4) |
| Race and Hispanic origin | |||||
| Hispanic | * | * | * | * | * |
| Black or African American, non-Hispanic | * | * | * | * | * |
| White, non-Hispanic | 32.1 (24.2–40.8) | 28.4 (19.9–38.2) | 51.2 (41.8–60.5) | 34.1 (26.0–42.9) | 28.2 (20.5–37.0) |
| Other single or multiple races, non-Hispanic | * | * | * | * | * |
| Education | |||||
| High school degree or GED or less | 36.2 (25.2–48.3) | 44.3 (31.9–57.2) | 37.1 (26.0–49.2) | 40.1 (28.4–52.7) | 30.9 (21.0–42.3) |
| Some college | 34.9 (24.0–47.2) | 26.7 (17.2–38.0) | 47.4 (35.1–60.0) | 37.5 (26.2–49.8) | 27.3 (17.1–39.7) |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 26.2 (16.0–38.7) | 24.4 (13.9–37.8) | 63.3 (49.7–75.5) | 22.0 (13.1–33.3) | 23.3 (13.8–35.3) |
| Household income as a percentage of the federal poverty level | |||||
| Less than 100% FPL | * | * | * | * | 36.0 (22.6–51.3) |
| 100% to less than 200% FPL | * | * | * | * | * |
| 200% and greater FPL | 30.6 (22.1–40.2) | 27.9 (19.1–38.1) | 53.7 (43.6–63.6) | 30.4 (22.1–39.9) | 26.0 (18.6–34.5) |
| Region | |||||
| Northeast | 24.8 (12.5–41.0) | * | * | * | * |
| Midwest | 31.6 (18.9–46.7) | 34.4 (20.8–50.1) | * | 35.5 (22.6–50.2) | 27.7 (15.5–42.9) |
| South | 35.9 (24.8–48.3) | 35.6 (25.2–47.2) | 42.6 (31.4–54.3) | 43.1 (31.6–55.2) | 30.8 (21.1–41.9) |
| West | 39.0 (25.0–54.5) | 25.4 (14.0–39.9) | 37.1 (24.0–51.7) | 26.8 (15.3–41.1) | 28.8 (15.9–44.9) |
| Urbanicity | |||||
| Large central metro | * | 35.2 (21.5–50.9) | 39.1 (25.1–54.5) | * | 27.9 (15.6–43.2) |
| Large fringe metro | 28.9 (16.9–43.6) | 30.7 (18.3–45.6) | * | 32.5 (20.0–47.1) | 28.4 (16.2–43.4) |
| Medium and small metro | 24.3 (15.8–34.5) | * | 49.2 (35.1–63.3) | 34.0 (23.2–46.3) | 23.5 (14.3–34.9) |
| Nonmetropolitan | * | * | * | * | * |
| Race | |||||
| Asian only | * | * | * | * | * |
| Black or African American only | * | * | * | * | * |
| White only | 33.2 (25.3–41.9) | 31.9 (23.2–41.5) | 45.9 (37.1–55.0) | 34.3 (26.4–42.9) | 27.7 (20.6–35.8) |
| Other single or multiple races | * | * | * | * | * |
| Hispanic ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | * | * | * | * | * |
| Not Hispanic | 33.5 (26.4–41.3) | 33.0 (25.4–41.4) | 50.0 (41.8–58.2) | 35.6 (28.3–43.3) | 27.4 (20.9–34.8) |
*Estimate is not shown, as it does not meet NCHS standards of reliability.
**Estimate is not shown, as it meets NCHS standards of reliability but its complement does not.
NOTES: GED = general educational development certificate. FPL = federal poverty level. All estimates shown meet the NCHS standards of reliability. See technical notes for more details.
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, Rapid Surveys System, Round 2, October–November, 2023.
Explore Rapid Surveys System estimates by health topic.
See the technical notes [PDF – 68 KB] for more information on these measures.
Data collected under the Rapid Surveys System are intended to complement and not replace the current household survey systems at NCHS, including the National Health Interview Survey. The Rapid Surveys approach has a greater potential for coverage and nonresponse bias and smaller sample sizes, thus resulting in lower precision (especially for subgroups). The Rapid Surveys System is particularly well suited for time-sensitive data needs, measuring public health attitudes, developmental work to improve concept measurement, and methodological studies.
Rapid Surveys System data are cross-sectional data based on commercial probability-sampled online survey panels that are supplemented, if necessary, with alternative modes to improve representativeness. Data were collected from 7,406 adult participants this cycle using two panels – AmeriSpeak (conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago) and KnowledgePanel (conducted by Ipsos). Estimates shown in this dashboard are based on data collected in Round 1 of Rapid Surveys, occurring during August 2023. All estimates shown meet the NCHS Data Presentation Standards for Proportions. Data on technology-facilitated sexual violence were collected on behalf of CDC’s National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.
Access the Round 2 Survey questionnaire [PDF – 37 KB]
NCHS Rapid Surveys Systems. Technology-facilitated Sexual Violence. National Center for Health Statistics. Available from: www.cdc.gov/nchs/rss/round2/technology-facilitated-sexual-violence.html