References and Resources

Chapters, Guidelines, and Recommendations

• Prevention of Varicella—Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices 2007 June
  Recommendations adopted in 2005 and 2006 include implementation of a routine 2-dose varicella vaccination program for children; a second dose catch-up varicella vaccination for children, adolescents, and adults who previously had received 1 dose; and routine vaccination of all healthy people older than 13 years and without evidence of immunity.
• Use of Combination Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella Vaccine—Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices 2010 May
  Recommendations adopted in 2009 regarding use of MMRV vaccine for the first and second doses and identification of a personal or family (i.e., sibling or parent) history of seizure as a precaution for use of MMRV vaccine.
• The Pink Book: Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, 13^th edition, chapter 22: Varicella
• Manual for the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, 7^th edition, chapter 22: Varicella
• Updated recommendations for use of VariZIG—United States, 2013. 2013;62(28):574-6.
• Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. 2007 Guidelines for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings
• Guideline for Infection Control in Healthcare Personnel, 1998 [66 pages]
• Recommended Vaccines for Healthcare Workers
• Healthcare-associated Infections: Guidelines and Recommendations
• Slide set: Overview of VZV Disease & Vaccination for Healthcare Professionals [57 pages]
• Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV
• Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Exposed and HIV-Infected Children (last updated Dec. 9, 2019)
• Special Considerations for Vaccinating People with HIV and Weakened Immune Systems

Journal Articles

• Bialek SR, Perella D, Zhang J, Mascola L, Viner K, Jackson C, et al. Impact of a Routine Two-dose Varicella Vaccination Program on Varicella Epidemiology. Pediatrics. 2013;132(5):e1134-40.
• CDC. Evolution of Varicella Surveillance—Selected States, 2000–2010. MMWR. 2012; 61(32):609-12.
• Chaves SS, Haber P, Walton K, Wise RP, Izurieta HS, Schmid DS, Seward JF. Safety of Varicella Vaccine after Licensure in the United States: Experience from Reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, 1995-2005. J Infect Dis. 2008 Mar 1;197 Suppl 2:S170-7.
• Chaves SS, Zhang J, Civen R, Watson BM, Carbajal T, Perella D, et al. Varicella Disease among Vaccinated Persons: Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics, 1997-2005. J Infect Dis. 2008 Mar 1;197 Suppl 2:S127-31.
• Chaves SS, Lopez AS, Watson TL, Civen R, Watson B, Mascola L, Seward JF. Varicella in Infants after Implementation of the US Varicella Vaccination Program. Pediatrics. 2011 Dec;128(6):1071-7.
• Civen R, Lopez AS, Zhang J, Garcia-Herrera J, Schmid DS, Chaves SS, Mascola L. Varicella Outbreak Epidemiology in an Active Surveillance Site, 1995-2005. J Infect Dis. 2008. Mar 1;197 Suppl 2:S114-9.
• Lebo EJ, Kruszon-Moran DM, Marin M, Bellini WJ, Schmid S, Bialek SR, Wallace GS, McLean HQ. Seroprevalence of Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella Antibodies in the United States Population, 2009-2010. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2015 Feb 20;2(1):ofv006.
• Leung J, Broder KR, Marin M. Severe Varicella in People Vaccinated with Varicella Vaccine (breakthrough varicella): A Systematic Literature Review. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017 Apr;16(4):391-400.
• Leung J, Marin M. Update on Trends in Varicella Mortality During the Varicella Vaccine Era-United States, 1990-2016. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018; doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1480283.
• Leung J, Bialek SR, Marin M. Trends in varicella mortality in the United States: Data from vital statistics and the national surveillance system. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(3):662-8.
• Leung J, Harpaz R. Impact of the Maturing Varicella Vaccination Program on Varicella and Related Outcomes in the United States: 1994-2012. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2015 Aug 12.
• Leung J, Lopez AS, Blostein J, Thayer N, Zipprich J, Clayton A, Buttery V, Andersen J, Thomas CA, Del Rosario M, Seetoo K, Woodall T, Wiseman R, Bialek SR. Impact of the US Two-dose Varicella Vaccination Program on the Epidemiology of Varicella Outbreaks: Data from Nine States, 2005-2012. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015 Oct;34(10):1105-9.
• Leung J, Harpaz R, Baughman AL et al. Evaluation of Laboratory Methods for Diagnosis of Varicella. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Jul 1;51(1):23-32.
• Lopez AS, Zhang J, Marin M. Epidemiology of Varicella During the 2-Dose Varicella Vaccination Program – United States, 2005-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Sep 2;65(34):902-5.
• Lopez AS, LaClair B, Buttery V, Zhang Y, Rosen J, Taggert E, Robinson S, Davis M, Waters C, Thomas CA, Rodriguez C, Thomas E, Tuttle J, Brantley T, Perella D, Del Rosario M, Marin M. Varicella Outbreak Surveillance in Schools in Sentinel Jurisdictions, 2012-2015. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018; doi: 10.1093/jpids/piy010.
• Lopez AS, Lichtenstein M, Schmid SD, Bialek S. Assessment of Varicella Surveillance and Outbreak Control Practices – United States, 2012. MMWR 2014 Sep 12;63(36):785-8.
• Lopez AS, Zhang J, Brown C, Bialek S. Varicella-related Hospitalizations in the United States, 2000-2006: The 1-dose Varicella Vaccination Era. Pediatrics. 2011 Feb;127(2):238-45.
• Lopez AS, Guris D, Zimmerman L, et al. One Dose of Varicella Vaccine does not Prevent School Outbreaks: Is it Time for a Second Dose? Pediatrics. 2006;117:e1070–7.
• Marin M, Marti M, Kambhampati A, Jeram SM, Seward JF. Global Varicella Vaccine Effectiveness: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2016 Mar;137(3):e20153741.
• Marin M, Zhang JX, Seward JF Near Elimination of Varicella Deaths in the US after Implementation of the Vaccination Program. Pediatrics. 2011; 128(2):214-20
• Marin M, Leung J, Gershon AA. Transmission of Vaccine-Strain Varicella-Zoster Virus: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2019 Sep;144(3):e20191305.
• Marin M, Meissner HC, Seward JF. Varicella Prevention in the United States: A Review of Successes and Challenges. Pediatrics. 2008 Sep;122(3):e744–51. Review.
• Schmid DS, Jumaan AO. Impact of Varicella Vaccine on Varicella-zoster Virus Dynamics. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010 Jan;23(1):202-17.
• Seward JF, Marin M, Vasquez M. Varicella Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States Vaccination Program: A Review. J Infect Dis (Suppl). 2008 Mar 1;197 Suppl 2:S82–9. Review.
• Shapiro ED, Vazquez M, Esposito D. et al. Effectiveness of 2 Doses of Varicella Vaccine in Children. J Infect Dis. 2011 Feb;203(3):312-5.
• Su JR, Leroy Z, Lewis PW, Haber P, Marin M, Leung J, Woo EJ, Shimabukuro TT. Safety of Second-Dose Single-Antigen Varicella Vaccine. Pediatrics. 2017 Mar;139(3). pii: e20162536.
• Wharton M. The Epidemiology of Varicella-zoster Virus Infections. Infect Dis Clin N Amer. 1996;10:571–81.