Mining Publication: Forces and Moments on the Knee During Kneeling and Squatting

Euler angle decomposition and inverse dynamics were used to determine the knee angles and net forces and moments applied to the tibia during kneeling and squatting with and without kneepads for 10 subjects in four postures: squatting (Squat), kneeling on the right knee (One Knee), bilateral kneeling near full flexion (Near Full) and bilateral kneeling near 90° flexion (Near 90). Kneepads affected the knee flexion (p = .002), medial forces (p = .035), and internal rotation moments (p = .006). Squat created loading conditions that had higher varus (p < .001)="" and="" resultant="" moments="" (p=".027)" than="" kneeling.="" one="" knee="" resulted="" in="" the="" highest="" force="" magnitudes="" and="" net="" moments="" (p="">< .001)="" of="" the="" kneeling="" postures.="" thigh-calf="" and="" heel-gluteus="" contact="" forces="" decreased="" the="" flexion="" moment="" on="" average="" by="" 48%="" during="" squat="" and="" near="">