Benzidine

RTECS #

DC9625000

CAS #

92-87-5
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

March 2019

Molecular Weight

184.26

Molecular Formula

C₁₂H₁₂N₂

Synonyms

(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (9CI)
4,4'-Bianiline
4,4'-Biphenyldiamine
4,4'-Biphenylenediamine
4,4'-Diamino-1,1'-biphenyl
4,4'-Diaminobiphenyl
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl
4,4'-Diphenylenediamine
Benzidin
Benzidin (Czech)
Benzidina (Italian)
Benzidine (ACGIH:OSHA)
Benzydyna (Polish)
Biphenyl, 4,4'-diamino-
C.I. 37225
C.I. Azoic Diazo Component 112
Fast Corinth Base B
NCI-C03361
p,p-Bianiline
p,p'-Diaminobiphenyl
p,p'-Dianiline
p-Diaminodiphenyl
RCRA waste number U021

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
body fluid assay	Salmonella typhimurium/rat	250 µmol/kg	TXCYAC 21,223,1981
Cytogenetic Analysis	liver/rat	12500 µg/L	PMRSDJ 1,570,1981
Cytogenetic Analysis	intraperitoneal/rat	250 mg/kg	MUREAV 182,309,1987
Cytogenetic Analysis	intraperitoneal/other fish	10 mg/kg	CBPCEE 82,489,1985
Cytogenetic Analysis	intraperitoneal/mouse	25 mg/kg	MUREAV 320,69,1994
Cytogenetic Analysis	lymphocyte/mouse	100 mg/L	MUREAV 320,69,1994
Cytogenetic Analysis	ovary/hamster	160 mg/L	EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987
DNA adduct	oral/mouse	9600 µg/kg	CNREA8 42,2678,1982
DNA adduct	liver/mouse	60 µmol/L	JJIND8 62,947,1979
DNA adduct	oral/Dog	60 µmol/kg	EVHPAZ 49,125,1983
DNA adduct	other cell types/Dog	100 µmol/L	CNREA8 44,1893,1984
DNA adduct	lymphocyte/human	30 µmol/L	PNASA6 85,3513,1988
DNA adduct	parenteral/rat	11600 µg/kg	CNREA8 42,2678,1982
DNA Damage	oral/rat	200 mg/kg	ENMUDM 4,667,1982
DNA Damage	liver/rat	3 mmol/L	SinJF# 26OCT1982
DNA Damage	intraperitoneal/rat	63 mg/kg	CRNGDP 6,1285,1985
DNA Damage	fibroblast/human	3 mmol/L	ENMUDM 7,267,1985
DNA Damage	/Bacillus subtilis	2 mg/disc	PMRSDJ 1,175,1981
DNA Damage	lymphocyte/human	100 µmol/L/2H	TOSCF2 72,283,2003
DNA Damage	other cell types/human	0.37 µmol/L/12H	MUTAEX 28,515,2013
DNA Damage	oral/mouse	160 mg/kg	MUREAV 440,1,1999
DNA Damage	intraperitoneal/mouse	150 mg/kg	BSIBAC 56,1673,1980
DNA Damage	lung/hamster	100 µmol/L/2H	BBRCA9 72,732,1976
DNA inhibition	oral/mouse	20 gm/kg	ARGEAR 51,605,1981
DNA inhibition	oral/mouse	200 mg/kg	MUREAV 46,305,1977
DNA inhibition	oral/rat	100 µmol/kg	CRNGDP 8,1433,1987
DNA inhibition	HeLa cell/human	600 µmol/L/30M-continuous	JEPTDQ 2(1),65,1978
DNA repair	/Escherichia coli	1 mg/plate	MUREAV 54,101,1978
DNA repair	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	100 mg/L	PMRSDJ 1,502,1981
DNA repair	other cell types/human	0.37 µmol/L/12H	MUTAEX 28,515,2013
gene conversion and mitotic recombination	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	100 mg/L	PMRSDJ 1,491,1981
host-mediated assay	Salmonella typhimurium/rat	1 mmol/kg	MUREAV 93,317,1982
host-mediated assay	Escherichia coli/mouse	220 mg/kg	MUREAV 272,161,1992
micronucleus test	intraperitoneal/mouse	6400 µg/kg	PMRSDJ 1,686,1981
micronucleus test	oral/mouse	300 mg/kg	MUTAEX 2,267,1987
micronucleus test	intraperitoneal/other fish	10 mg/kg	CYTBAI 47,147,1986
micronucleus test	subcutaneous/rat	410 mg/kg	MUREAV 40,43,1976
micronucleus test	intraperitoneal/rat	25 mg/kg	TXCYAC 57,217,1989
morphological transform	embryo/mouse	2500 µg/L	TCMUD8 3,101,1983
morphological transform	embryo/hamster	50 µg/L	CALEDQ 3,45,1977
morphological transform	kidney/hamster	80 µg/L	BJCAAI 37,873,1978
morphological transform	fibroblast/mouse	1 mg/L/21D (-enzymatic activation step)	EMMUEG 35,300,2000
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lymphocyte/mouse	500 µg/L	MUREAV 125,291,1984
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	3 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	TOSCF2 56,351,2000
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1 nmol/plate/20M	EMMUEG 38,268,2001
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	4 mg/L/72H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 558,181,2004
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	50 µmol/L/3H	TCMUD8 23,47,2003
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	400 ng/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 175,11,1986
mutation in microorganisms	/Escherichia coli	100 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	PMRSDJ 1,387,1981
other mutation test systems	/Salmonella typhimurium	567 mg/L	MUREAV 192,239,1987
other mutation test systems	other cell types/Dog	100 µmol/L	CNREA8 44,1893,1984
other mutation test systems	intraperitoneal/mouse	25 mg/kg	MUREAV 268,255,1992
other mutation test systems	intraperitoneal/mouse	100 mg/kg	MUREAV 319,19,1993
phage inhibition capacity	/Escherichia coli	100 mmol/L	MDMIAZ 31,11,1979
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	parenteral/Drosophila melanogaster	5 mmol/L	MUREAV 56,31,1977
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	50 mg/L	PMRSDJ 1,468,1981
sister chromatid exchange	inhalation/man	7 µg/m³/27W	POLEAQ 35,53,1980
sister chromatid exchange	lymphocyte/human	2 mg/L	MUREAV 241,109,1990
sister chromatid exchange	intraperitoneal/mouse	7700 µg/kg	MUREAV 108,225,1983
sister chromatid exchange	ovary/hamster	5 mg/L	EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987
specific locus test	ovary/hamster	600 mg/L	PMRSDJ 1,594,1981
specific locus test	ovary/hamster	25 mg/L/9D	EMMUEG 16,260,1990
specific locus test	oral/Drosophila melanogaster	5 mmol/L/48H	MUREAV 222,359,1989
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/human	10 mg/L	MUREAV 206,91,1988
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	HeLa cell/human	100 µmol/L	CNREA8 38,2621,1978
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	fibroblast/human	160 µg/L	PMRSDJ 1,528,1981
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	oral/rat	200 mg/kg	ENMUDM 4,553,1982
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/rat	100 nmol/L	MUREAV 136,255,1984
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	other cell types/rabbit	100 µmol/L	CRNGDP 8,401,1987
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/rabbit	1 µmol/L	CNREA8 43,3120,1983
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/hamster	20 nmol/L	MUREAV 136,255,1984

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/man	lowest published toxic concentration: 17600 µg/m³/14Y- continuous	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Hematuria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors	AEHLAU 27,1,1973
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m³/56W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Blood: Leukemia	BEXBAN 69,68,1970
intratracheal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 315 mg/kg/34W	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	BEXBAN 69,68,1970
oral/hamster	lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kg/3Y- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	85DAAC 5,129,1966
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 108 mg/kg/27D- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	CNREA8 28,924,1968
oral/rat	toxic dose: 25560 ng/kg/2Y- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	EKSODD 9(4),73,1987
subcutaneous/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/35W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Liver: Tumors	VOONAW 17(5),61,1971
subcutaneous/mouse	toxic dose: 1620 gm/kg/45W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	AICCA6 7,46,1950
subcutaneous/rat	toxic dose: 850 mg/kg/32W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	VOONAW 20(2),53,1974
subcutaneous/rat	toxic dose: 800 mg/kg/60W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Ear: Tumors Blood: Tumors	VOONAW 20(8),69,1974
subcutaneous/rat	toxic dose: 2025 mg/kg/27W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Ear: Tumors Liver: Tumors	CANCAR 3,789,1950
subcutaneous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1200 mg/kg/26W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	VOONAW 10(5),50,1964
subcutaneous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1425 mg/kg/57W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	VOONC* 37,60,1991

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Reference
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 110 mg/kg	PMRSDJ 1,682,1981
oral/Dog	lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg	AEXPBL 58,167,1907
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 214 mg/kg	NTIS** PB214-270
oral/rabbit	lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg	AEXPBL 58,167,1907
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 309 mg/kg	NTIS** PB214-270

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Control as low as possible, skin	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed human carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence	IMEMDT 1,80,1972
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 1,80,1972
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 29,149,1982
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 29,149,1982
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 99,245,2010
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 100F,61,2012
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 99,245,2010
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 100F,61,2012
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 1	IMSUDL 7,123,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 1	IMEMDT 100F,61,2012
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 1	IMEMDT 99,245,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		EAHB** -,38,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		KHZHAZ 12(2),85,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ADCSAJ 13,271,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		BLFSBY 24,253,1983
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 127,321,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 134,39,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 567,347,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		REPTED 19,547,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TCMUD8 23(Suppl 1),187,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 588,88,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 612,58,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,255,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 44,1699,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,104,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 627,59,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 627,10,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		JTPAE7 18,69,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HUTOX* -,649,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 608,136,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 681,51,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 23,271,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 26,205,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 733,39,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 769,34,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 786-788,14,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 768,27,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 802,1,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 770,170,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 56,67,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 33,179,2018
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 60,S1,2011

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD	skin-HUMAN CARCINOGEN, NO ASSIGNED time-weighted average	DTLWS* 3,11,1973
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	(Prohibited) Carcinogen, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 0.001 ppm (0.008 mg/m³), C1 Carcinogen, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	ceiling concentration 0.008 mg/m³, Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	1 carc, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	carcinogen, skin, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	carcinogen, skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 0 mg/m³, MAC(short term exposure limit) 0 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	Group A Carcinogen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	carc 1, JAN2011
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1926.1110	CFRGBR 29,1926,55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1910.1010	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1915.1010	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-cancer suspect agent		CFRGBR 29,1910.1010,1987

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO BENZIDINE-air	Carcinogen use 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.1010	NIOSH* DHHS #95-121,1995
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 09830; Number of Industries 3; Total Number of Facilities 252; Number of Occupations 8; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1554; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 426
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 09830; Number of Industries 4; Total Number of Facilities 263; Number of Occupations 5; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1166

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/2001/109102)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: E coli polA without S9; In vitro UDS-human fibroblast
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; SHE-clonal assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-mouse embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: CHO gene mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro UDS in rat liver
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Mammalian micronucleus; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Benzidine, 5509; in urine, 8306
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Known to be a human carcinogen
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-65

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health