Behavioral and Clinical Characteristics of Persons with Diagnosed HIV Infection—Medical Monitoring Project, United States 2020 Cycle (June 2020–May 2021): Tables

Related Pages
All Tables
Report Contents
Table 1. Distribution of participants across project areas—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
Project area No. sampled No. participating % participatinga % of total
California (excluding Los Angeles County and San Francisco) 500 204 40.8 5.5
Chicago, IL 400 141 35.3 3.8
Delaware 400 194 48.5 5.2
Florida 800 171 21.4 4.6
Georgia 500 202 40.4 5.4
Houston, TX 400 157 39.3 4.2
Illinois (excluding Chicago) 200 62 31.0 1.7
Indiana 400 177 44.3 4.8
Los Angeles County, CA 400 177 44.3 4.8
Michigan 400 194 48.5 5.2
Mississippi 400 92 23.0 2.5
New Jersey 500 242 48.4 6.5
New York (excluding New York City) 200 85 42.5 2.3
New York City, NY 800 244 30.5 6.6
North Carolina 400 186 46.5 5.0
Oregon 400 181 45.3 4.9
Pennsylvania (excluding Philadelphia) 200 59 29.5 1.6
Philadelphia, PA 400 142 35.5 3.8
Puerto Rico 400 196 49.0 5.3
San Francisco, CA 400 158 39.5 4.3
Texas (excluding Houston) 400 167 41.8 4.5
Virginia 400 128 32.0 3.5
Washington 400 151 37.8 4.1
Total 9,700 3,710 38.2b 100

Note. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.

aCalculated by dividing number of participating respondents by the total number of persons sampled.
bThe national response rate, which is calculated by dividing the total number of eligible respondents by the total sum of eligible respondents and noneligible respondents, is 40.06%.

Table 2. Selected characteristics, including demographic characteristics and social determinants of health, among persons with diagnosed HIV infection—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
Gender
Cisgender male 2,750 74.9 71.9–77.8
Cisgender female 877 23.0 20.2–25.8
Transgenderd 79 2.1 1.6–2.6
Sexual orientation
Lesbian or gay 1,677 45.1 41.5–48.7
Heterosexual or straight 1,546 42.6 38.8–46.4
Bisexual 313 9.1 8.1–10.1
Other 111 3.2 2.6–3.9
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native 21 0.7 0.3–1.0
Asian 46 1.4 0.9–1.8
Black/African American 1,477 41.7 33.5–49.8
Hispanic/Latinoe 874 23.6 16.5–30.8
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander — — —
White 1,133 28.6 23.4–33.8
Multiple races 152 3.9 2.8–4.9
Age at time of interview (years)
18–24 71 2.3 1.5–3.1
25–29 186 5.8 4.6–7.0
30–34 315 9.0 8.0–9.9
35–39 320 8.8 7.6–10.1
40–44 293 8.7 7.7–9.8
45–49 349 10.7 9.3–12.1
50–54 594 15.4 14.0–16.9
55–59 645 16.5 15.2–17.8
60–64 473 11.9 10.8–13.1
≥65 464 10.8 9.6–12.0
Education
Less than high school 550 14.6 12.9–16.3
High school diploma or GED 899 25.0 22.8–27.3
More than high school 2,240 60.4 57.7–63.1
Country or territory of birth
US state or territory 3,138 83.4 81.2–85.7
Foreign born 556 16.6 14.3–18.8
Homeless at any time, past 12 monthsf
Yes 298 8.1 6.6–9.6
No 3,396 91.9 90.4–93.4
Moved in with other people because of financial problems, past 12 months
Yes 429 11.9 10.2–13.5
No 3,267 88.1 86.5–89.8
Number of times moved, past 12 months
0 2,820 75.8 74.0–77.7
1 569 15.7 14.5–16.9
≥2 301 8.4 7.0–9.8
Evicted from housing, past 12 months
Yes 73 1.9 1.3–2.5
No 3,621 98.1 97.5–98.7
Incarcerated >24 hours, past 12 months
Yes 107 3.5 2.4–4.6
No 3,588 96.5 95.4–97.6
Went without food due to lack of money, past 12 months
Yes 592 16.4 15.2–17.6
No 3,101 83.6 82.4–84.8
Employment statusg
Employed 1,731 47.8 46.0–49.6
Unemployed 1,482 41.0 38.4–43.6
Student 41 1.2 0.9–1.5
Retired 429 10.0 8.6–11.5
Combined yearly household income (US$)h
0–19,999 1,562 46.4 43.0–49.8
20,000–39,999 808 23.8 22.2–25.5
40,000–74,999 547 15.9 14.6–17.2
≥75,000 460 13.8 11.7–16.0
Poverty guidelinesi
<100% FPL 1,189 35.6 31.9–39.2
100–138% FPL 443 13.2 11.9–14.6
139–399% FPL 1,218 35.8 33.5–38.0
≥400% FPL 526 15.4 13.4–17.4
Received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), past 12 months
Yes 603 15.4 13.7–17.2
No 3,056 84.6 82.8–86.3
Received Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), past 12 months
Yes 692 18.8 16.4–21.2
No 2,955 81.2 78.8–83.6
Health insurance or coverage for care or medications, past 12 monthsj
Yes 3,633 98.3 97.6–99.0
No 37 1.7 1.0–2.4
Type of health insurance or coverage for care or medications, past 12 monthsj
  Ryan White HIV/AIDS program assistance
  Yes 1,796 47.2 44.6–49.8
  No 1,791 52.8 50.2–55.4
  Medicaid
  Yes 1,590 42.9 40.6–45.3
  No 2,037 57.1 54.7–59.4
  Medicare
  Yes 1,071 27.6 25.9–29.3
  No 2,508 72.4 70.7–74.1
  Private health insurance
  Yes 1,445 40.3 37.9–42.6
  No 2,152 59.7 57.4–62.1
  Other public insurancek
  Yes — — —
  No — — —
  Tricare/CHAMPUS or Veterans Administration
  Yes 104 4.6 3.5–5.8
  No 3,458 95.4 94.2–96.5
  Insurance type unknownl
  Yes 27 0.7 0.4–1.0
  No 3,545 99.3 99.0–99.6
Any disabilitym
Yes 1,507 39.7 36.8–42.6
No 2,178 60.3 57.4–63.2
Perception of general health
Poor 190 5.3 4.4–6.2
Fair 881 23.2 21.5–24.9
Good 1,289 35.1 33.2–37.1
Very good 849 22.9 20.6–25.2
Excellent 483 13.5 11.7–15.2
Time since HIV diagnosis (years)
<5 518 14.9 13.5–16.3
5–9 624 17.6 16.3–18.9
≥10 2,562 67.5 66.0–69.0
Total 3,710 100

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GED, general educational development; FPL, federal poverty level; CHAMPUS, Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services; U.S.$, U.S. dollar; HHS, Department of Health and Human Services [footnotes only].
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.
Excluded are estimates with a coefficient of variation ≥0.30 and those based on a denominator sample size <30.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
dPersons were classified as transgender if sex at birth and gender reported by the person were different, or if the person chose “transgender” in response to the question about self-identified gender.
eHispanics or Latinos can be of any race. Persons are classified in only 1 race/ethnicity category.
fLiving on the street, in a shelter, in a single-room–occupancy hotel, or in a car.
gEmployed includes employed for wages, self-employed, or homemaker. Unemployed persons includes those who reported being unemployed and those unable to work.
hIncome from all sources, before taxes, in the last calendar year.
iPoverty guidelines as defined by HHS; the 2019 guidelines were used for persons interviewed in 2020 and the 2020 guidelines were used for persons interviewed in 2021. More information regarding HHS poverty guidelines can be found at https://aspe.hhs.gov/frequently-asked-questions-related-poverty-guidelines-and-poverty.
jPersons could select more than 1 response for health insurance or coverage for care or medications (including antiretroviral medications).
kOther public insurance included city, county, state, or other publicly funded insurance, not including Medicaid.
lUnknown insurance type means that the person had health insurance or coverage for care or medications (including antiretroviral medications), but the type of insurance or coverage could not be determined.
mIncludes physical, mental, and emotional disabilities.

Table 3. Stage of disease, CD4 counts, and viral suppression during the 12 months before interview among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
HIV infection stage 3 (AIDS)d
Yes 2,096 54.4 52.5–56.3
No 1,613 45.6 43.7–47.5
Geometric mean CD4 count (cells/µL)
0–199 189 7.2 6.1–8.3
200–349 278 10.0 8.7–11.3
350–499 438 16.4 14.5–18.4
≥500 1,818 66.4 64.3–68.5
Lowest CD4 count (cells/µL), past 12 months
0–49 45 1.8 1.3–2.4
50–199 191 7.1 6.1–8.1
200–349 325 11.7 10.5–12.9
350–499 484 17.8 16.0–19.5
≥500 1,679 61.6 59.7–63.5
Viral suppression
Most recent viral load documented undetectable or <200 copies/mL 2,562 62.5 58.0–67.0
Most recent viral load documented detectable, ≥200 copies/mL, or missing/unknown 1,148 37.5 33.0–42.0
Sustained viral suppression
All viral load measurements documented undetectable or <200 copies/mL 2,403 58.5 54.3–62.7
Any viral load ≥200 copies/mL or missing/unknown 1,307 41.5 37.3–45.7
Total 3,710 100

Abbreviations: CD4, CD4 T-lymphocyte count (cells/µL); CI, confidence interval; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [footnotes only].
Source of disease stage information: CDC. Revised surveillance case definition for HIV infection–United States, 2014. MMWR 2014;63(RR-03):1–10. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indrr_2014.html. Accessed May 18, 2022.
Note. CD4 counts and viral load measurements are from medical record abstraction.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
dHIV infection, stage 3 (AIDS): documentation of an AIDS-defining condition or either a CD4 count of <200 cells/µL or a CD4 percentage of total lymphocytes of <14. Documentation of an AIDS-defining condition supersedes a CD4 count or percentage that would not, by itself, be the basis for a stage 3 (AIDS) classification.

Table 4. Receipt of HIV care, ART prescription, PCP prophylaxis, and influenza vaccination among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
Ever received outpatient HIV cared
Yes — — —
No — — —
Received outpatient HIV care, past 12 monthsd
Yes 3,624 94.9 93.6–96.2
No 85 5.1 3.8–6.4
Received outpatient HIV care, past 24 monthsd
Yes 3,672 98.2 97.3–99.0
No 28 1.8 1.0–2.7
Retained in care, past 12 monthse
Yes 2,705 71.7 68.7–74.7
No 798 28.3 25.3–31.3
Retained in care, past 24 monthse
Yes 2,133 56.4 53.2–59.6
No 1,361 43.6 40.4–46.8
Missed ≥1 HIV care visits, past 12 months
Yes 731 20.0 18.1–21.9
No 2,941 80.0 78.1–81.9
Prescribed ART, past 12 monthsf
Yes 3,104 78.7 76.2–81.3
No 606 21.3 18.7–23.8
Prescribed PCP prophylaxis, past 12 monthsg
Yes 79 41.7 30.0–53.5
No 136 58.3 46.5–70.0
Received influenza vaccination, past 12 months
Yes 2,737 72.7 69.6–75.9
No 933 27.3 24.1–30.4
Total 3,710 100

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ART, antiretroviral therapy; PCP, Pneumocystis pneumonia; MAC, Mycobacterium avium complex [footnotes only]; CD4, CD4 T-lymphocyte count (cells/µL) [footnotes only].
Note. CD4 counts, viral load measurements, and prophylaxes are from medical record abstraction. Influenza vaccination was obtained through interview. Measurement period is the 12 months before interview unless otherwise noted.
Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.
Excluded are estimates with a coefficient of variation ≥0.30 and those based on a denominator sample size <30.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
dOutpatient HIV care was defined as any documentation of the following: encounter with an HIV care provider, viral load test result, CD4 test result, HIV resistance test or tropism assay, ART prescription, PCP prophylaxis, or MAC prophylaxis.
eTwo elements of outpatient HIV care at least 90 days apart in each 12-month period.
fART prescription documented in medical record; persons with no medical record abstraction were considered to have no documentation of ART prescription.
gAmong persons with CD4 cell count <200 cells/µL.

Table 5. Sexually transmitted infection testing during the 12 months before interview among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
Total population Sexually activea persons only
No.b %c 95% CId No.b %c 95% CId
Gonorrheae
Yes, received test 1,437 41.3 38.4–44.2 925 47.2 43.7–50.6
No test documented 1,930 58.7 55.8–61.6 975 52.8 49.4–56.3
Chlamydiaf
Yes, received test 1,444 41.4 38.5–44.4 935 47.6 44.2–51.1
No test documented 1,923 58.6 55.6–61.5 965 52.4 48.9–55.8
Syphilisg
Yes, received test 1,939 56.0 53.7–58.3 1,199 60.9 58.3–63.6
No test documented 1,428 44.0 41.7–46.3 701 39.1 36.4–41.7
Gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis
Yes, received all 3 tests 1,234 35.3 32.7–37.9 815 41.2 38.0–44.3
Fewer than 3 tests documented 2,133 64.7 62.1–67.3 1,085 58.8 55.7–62.0
Total 3,710 100   2,088 100  

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DFA, direct fluorescent antibody [footnotes only]; EIA, enzyme immunoassay [footnotes only]; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunoassay [footnotes only]; FTA-ABS, fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbed [footnotes only]; MHA-TP, microhemagglutination assay for antibody to Treponema pallidum [footnotes only]; NAAT, nucleic acid amplification test [footnotes only]; RPR, rapid plasma reagin [footnotes only]; TP-PA, T. pallidum particle agglutination [footnotes only]; TPHA, T. pallidum hemagglutination assay [footnotes only]; VDRL, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory [footnotes only].
Note. Information on laboratory testing for sexually transmitted infections was based on medical record abstraction.
Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.

aSexual activity was reported in the interview component of the Medical Monitoring Project and was defined as anal or vaginal intercourse during the 12 months prior to interview.
bNumbers are unweighted.
cPercentages are weighted percentages.
dCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
eTesting for Neisseria gonorrhoeae was defined as documentation of a result from culture, DFA, gram stain, EIA or ELISA, NAAT, or nucleic acid probe performed on a specimen from any anatomical site for screening or diagnostic purposes.
fChlamydia trachomatis testing was defined as a result from DFA, EIA or ELISA, NAAT, or nucleic acid probe performed on a specimen from any anatomical site for screening or diagnostic purposes.
gSyphilis testing was defined as a result from nontreponemal syphilis tests (RPR or VDRL), treponemal syphilis tests (TPHA, TP-PA, MHA-TP, or FTA-ABS tests), or dark-field microscopy performed for screening or diagnostic purposes.

Table 6. Emergency department visits and hospital admissions during the 12 months before interview among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
Number of visits to emergency department
0 2,295 62.5 60.9–64.1
1 656 17.9 16.6–19.1
2–4 605 15.9 14.8–17.0
≥5 130 3.7 3.1–4.4
Number of hospital admissions
0 3,046 84.1 82.6–85.6
1 383 9.6 8.4–10.7
2–4 213 5.1 4.4–5.8
≥5 42 1.2 0.7–1.7
Total 3,710 100

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.

Table 7. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and reasons for not taking ART among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
Ever taken ART
Yes 3,654 98.6 98.0–99.3
No 31 1.4 0.7–2.0
Currently taking ART
Yes 3,584 95.0 93.8–96.1
No 101 5.0 3.9–6.2
Reasons for never taking ARTd
  Health care provider never discussed taking ART with person
  Yes — — —
  No — — —
  Health care provider said person should not start taking ART
  Yes — — —
  No — — —
  Money or insurance problems
  Yes — — —
  No — — —
  Person did not believe they needed ART
  Yes — — —
  No — — —
  Person thinks ART would make them feel sick or harm them
  Yes — — —
  No — — —
  Person decided not to take ART for some other reason
  Yes — — —
  No — — —
Reasons for not currently taking ART, among those persons with a history of ART usedd
  Money or insurance problems
  Yes 27 36.9 23.0–50.8
  No 42 63.1 49.2–77.0
  Health care provider never discussed restarting ART with person
  Yes 20 28.5 16.8–40.2
  No 48 71.5 59.8–83.2
  Person thinks ART would make them feel sick or harm them
  Yes 13 20.4 10.8–30.1
  No 56 79.6 69.9–89.2
  Health care provider said person should not take ART
  Yes 8 16.3 6.8–25.8
  No 39 83.7 74.2–93.2
  Person did not believe they needed ART
  Yes — — —
  No — — —
  Person decided not to take ART for some other reason
  Yes 30 42.5* 23.3–61.7
  No 39 57.5* 38.3–76.7
Total 3,710 100

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.
Excluded are estimates with a coefficient of variation ≥0.30 and those based on a denominator sample size <30. Estimates with an absolute CI width ≥30, estimates with an absolute CI width between 5 and 30 and a relative CI width >130%, and estimates of 0% or 100% are marked with an asterisk (*) and should be interpreted with caution.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
dPersons could select more than 1 response for reasons not taking ART.

Table 8. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and reasons for missing ART doses among persons with diagnosed HIV taking ART—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
ART adherence in the past 30 days
  How many days did you miss at least 1 dose of any of your HIV medicines?
  0 2,247 62.1 60.0–64.1
  1–2 869 24.8 23.1–26.6
  3–5 306 8.6 7.5–9.7
  6–10 95 2.9 2.2–3.5
  ≥11 56 1.6 1.1–2.1
  How well did you do at taking your HIV medicines in the way you were supposed to?
  Very poor 25 0.7 0.4–0.9
  Poor 54 1.7 1.3–2.2
  Fair 147 3.9 3.0–4.8
  Good 410 11.7 10.5–12.8
  Very good 898 25.9 24.2–27.6
  Excellent 2,047 56.1 54.4–57.9
  How often did you take your HIV medicines in the way you were supposed to?
  Never 22 0.6 0.3–0.8
  Rarely — — —
  Sometimes 66 1.9 1.3–2.4
  Usually 155 4.5 3.8–5.2
  Almost always 816 23.2 21.4–25.0
  Always 2,505 69.5 67.5–71.5
How often were you troubled by ART side effects?
Never 2,785 78.1 75.8–80.4
Rarely 436 12.2 10.4–13.9
About half of the time 143 4.4 3.6–5.2
Most of the time 98 2.6 2.0–3.2
Always 90 2.8 2.0–3.5
Reasons for last missed ART dose among persons who ever missed a dosed
  Forgot to take HIV medicines
  Yes 1,673 64.5 62.5–66.6
  No 934 35.5 33.4–37.5
  Change in your daily routine or were out of town
  Yes 1,035 39.3 37.6–41.1
  No 1,572 60.7 58.9–62.4
  Fell asleep early or overslept
  Yes 961 37.2 34.9–39.5
  No 1,645 62.8 60.5–65.1
  Had a problem getting a prescription or a refill for HIV medicines
  Yes 430 16.6 14.7–18.6
  No 2,178 83.4 81.4–85.3
  Felt depressed or overwhelmed
  Yes 430 15.7 13.9–17.5
  No 2,177 84.3 82.5–86.1
  Did not feel like taking HIV medicines
  Yes 282 10.3 8.7–11.9
  No 2,326 89.7 88.1–91.3
  Was drinking or using drugs
  Yes 252 9.9 8.6–11.3
  No 2,356 90.1 88.7–91.4
  Had side effects from your HIV medicines
  Yes 247 9.3 7.9–10.8
  No 2,360 90.7 89.2–92.1
  In the hospital or too sick to take HIV medicines
  Yes 204 7.2 6.1–8.3
  No 2,404 92.8 91.7–93.9
  Had a problem paying for HIV medicines
  Yes 125 5.1 3.7–6.4
  No 2,482 94.9 93.6–96.3
Total 3,584 100

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.
Excluded are estimates with a coefficient of variation ≥0.30 and those based on a denominator sample size <30.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
dPersons could report more than 1 reason for missed last dose.

Table 9. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescription, ART dose adherence, sustained viral suppression, and geometric mean CD4 count among persons with diagnosed HIV, by selected characteristics—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
Prescription of ARTa ART dose adherenceb Sustained viral suppressionc Geometric mean CD4 count ≥ 200d
No.e Row %f 95% CIg No.e Row %f 95% CIg No.e Row %f 95% CIg No.e Row %f 95% CIg
Gender
Cisgender male 2,312 78.8 75.8–81.7 1,682 62.7 60.7–64.6 1,784 58.3 54.4–62.2 1,857 92.2 90.8–93.6
Cisgender female 725 79.0 76.2–81.7 534 62.7 58.2–67.2 563 58.8 52.2–65.4 615 94.5 92.9–96.0
Transgenderh 65 75.5* 58.8–92.2 30 34.8 23.5–46.2 52 61.2* 44.3–78.0 58 96.1 91.5–100.0
Sexual orientation
Lesbian or gay 1,403 78.7 75.5–81.8 1,011 61.9 59.0–64.7 1,120 60.4 56.4–64.3 1,147 94.0 92.9–95.2
Heterosexual or straight 1,311 79.8 76.3–83.4 980 64.2 61.3–67.1 978 56.7 51.5–62.0 1,068 91.7 89.6–93.7
Bisexual 247 75.6 70.2–81.0 175 56.9 49.2–64.5 192 57.9 49.7–66.1 205 94.5 90.9–98.1
Other 90 74.3 63.5–85.2 53 51.1 42.5–59.8 70 57.7 48.5–66.8 68 86.6 77.0–96.3
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native — — — — — — — — — — — —
Asian 36 67.3* 48.4–86.3 33 72.6* 56.5–88.8 31 50.3* 31.7–68.9 29 94.4 83.7–100.0
Black/African American 1,191 76.2 72.4–80.0 845 60.1 55.8–64.4 868 53.6 48.5–58.6 977 92.2 90.4–93.9
Hispanic/Latinoi 756 80.9 77.1–84.6 527 60.3 56.3–64.4 623 62.9 58.3–67.5 659 94.0 92.2–95.8
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander — — — — — — — — — — — —
White 964 80.7 77.4–83.9 734 65.8 60.8–70.7 768 62.4 56.1–68.7 750 93.0 91.3–94.6
Multiple races 133 84.0 74.4–93.6 91 62.5 53.6–71.4 98 63.5 51.6–75.3 102 91.1 86.6–95.5
Age at time of interview (years)
18–29 211 74.0 67.4–80.6 90 36.9 30.3–43.4 147 48.0 40.0–56.0 170 94.5 92.3–96.7
30–39 519 76.4 70.4–82.4 333 54.6 48.0–61.1 379 53.6 46.4–60.8 430 92.9 90.2–95.6
40–49 532 77.0 73.5–80.5 363 58.5 54.6–62.4 421 58.7 54.3–63.1 447 92.8 90.3–95.3
≥50 1,842 80.8 78.1–83.5 1,461 69.1 67.2–71.0 1,456 61.6 57.0–66.2 1,487 92.6 90.9–94.2
Total 3,104 78.7 76.2–81.3 2,247 62.1 60.0–64.1 2,403 58.5 54.3–62.7 2,534 92.8 91.7–93.9

Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CD4, CD4 T-lymphocyte count (cells/μL); CI, confidence interval.
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.
Excluded are estimates with a coefficient of variation ≥0.30 and those based on a denominator sample size <30. Estimates with an absolute CI width ≥30, estimates with an absolute CI width between 5 and 30 and a relative CI width >130%, and estimates of 0% or 100% are marked with an asterisk (*) and should be interpreted with caution.

aPrescription of ART was based on documentation in the medical record in the 12 months before interview.
bDuring the 30 days before interview, 100% adherence to ART doses.
cDefined as having all HIV viral loads being undetectable or <200 copies/mL, as documented in the medical record in the past 12 months before interview.
dGeometric mean CD4 count was abstracted from medical records and based on the 12 months before interview.
eNumbers are unweighted.
fPercentages are weighted percentages.
gCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
hPersons were classified as transgender if sex at birth and gender reported by the person were different, or if the person chose “transgender” in response to the question about self-identified gender.
iHispanics or Latinos can be of any race. Persons are classified in only 1 race/ethnicity category.

Table 10. Symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder during the 2 weeks before interview among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
Symptoms of depression, based on DSM-IV criteriad
No depression 3,102 86.2 84.7–87.6
Major depression 278 7.4 6.2–8.6
Other depression 272 6.5 5.8–7.2
Symptoms of moderate or severe depression (PHQ-8 score ≥10)
Yes 423 10.7 9.4–12.1
No 3,230 89.3 87.9–90.6
Symptoms of generalized anxiety disordere
No anxiety 2,997 82.5 80.7–84.3
Mild anxiety 178 4.7 4.0–5.5
Moderate anxiety 251 6.6 5.5–7.6
Severe anxiety 234 6.2 5.1–7.3
Total 3,710 100

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale [footnotes only]; PHQ-8, Patient Health Questionnaire.
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
dResponses to the items on PHQ-8 were used to define “major depression” and “other depression” according to criteria from the DSM-IV. “Major depression” was defined as having at least 5 symptoms of depression; “other depression” was defined as having 2–4 symptoms of depression. The PHQ-8 classification “other depression” comprises the DSM-IV categories of dysthymia and depressive disorder, not otherwise specified, which includes minor or subthreshold depression.
eResponses to the GAD–7 were used to define “mild anxiety,” “moderate anxiety,” and “severe anxiety” according to criteria from the DSM-IV. “Severe anxiety” was defined as having a score of ≥15; “moderate anxiety” was defined as having a score of 10–14; and “mild anxiety” was defined as having a score of 5–9.

Table 11. Tobacco and electronic cigarette use among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
Smoked ≥100 cigarettes (lifetime)
Yes 1,866 50.4 48.5–52.4
No 1,805 49.6 47.6–51.5
Cigarette smoking status
Never smoked 1,805 49.6 47.6–51.5
Former smoker 806 21.1 19.0–23.2
Current smoker 1,060 29.4 27.1–31.7
Frequency of current cigarette smoking
Never 2,611 70.6 68.3–72.9
Daily 861 23.9 21.7–26.1
Weekly 98 2.7 2.0–3.3
Monthly 29 0.7 0.5–1.0
Less than monthly 72 2.0 1.6–2.5
Smoked ≥50 cigars, cigarillos, or little filtered cigars (lifetime)
Yes 539 15.5 13.8–17.2
No 3,135 84.5 82.8–86.2
Cigars, cigarillos, or little filtered cigars smoking status
Never smoked 3,135 84.6 82.9–86.2
Former smoker 279 7.8 6.8–8.8
Current smoker 258 7.6 6.3–8.9
Frequency of current cigars, cigarillos, or little filtered cigars smoking
Never 3,414 92.4 91.1–93.7
Daily 105 3.2 2.2–4.1
Some days 58 1.7 1.2–2.3
Rarely 95 2.8 2.2–3.3
Electronic cigarette smoking status
Never used electronic cigarettes 2,719 73.3 71.5–75.0
Used electronic cigarettes, but not in the past 30 days 790 21.7 20.1–23.3
Used electronic cigarettes in the past 30 days 168 5.1 4.3–5.9
Total 3,710 100

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.

Table 12. Alcohol use during the 12 months before interview among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
Any alcohol used
Yes 2,292 62.9 59.4–66.3
No 1,376 37.1 33.7–40.6
Frequency of alcohol use
Daily 268 7.1 5.9–8.3
Weekly 717 19.4 17.5–21.2
Monthly 445 11.9 10.6–13.2
Less than monthly 862 24.5 22.8–26.3
Never 1,376 37.1 33.7–40.6
Binge drinking, past 30 dayse
Yes 562 15.3 13.5–17.2
No 3,086 84.7 82.8–86.5
Total 3,710 100

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
dPersons who drank at least 1 alcoholic beverage during the 12 months before interview. Alcoholic beverage was defined as a 12-ounce beer, 5-ounce glass of wine, or 1.5-ounce shot of liquor.
ePersons who drank ≥5 alcoholic beverages in a single sitting (≥4 for women) during the 30 days before interview.

Table 13. Noninjection drug use during the 12 months before interview among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
Use of any noninjection drugsd
Yes 1,187 32.5 29.1–36.0
No 2,472 67.5 64.0–70.9
Noninjection drugs usedd
Marijuana
Yes 1,061 29.4 26.1–32.8
No 2,598 70.6 67.2–73.9
Amyl nitrite (poppers)
Yes 296 7.8 6.0–9.5
No 3,359 92.2 90.5–94.0
Methamphetamine (e.g., crystal meth, tina, crank, ice)
Yes 218 6.0 4.5–7.5
No 3,437 94.0 92.5–95.5
Cocaine that is smoked or snorted
Yes 198 5.2 4.4–6.0
No 3,458 94.8 94.0–95.6
Club drugs (e.g., Ecstasy or X, ketamine or Special K, GHB or Liquid Ecstasy)
Yes 147 3.6 2.7–4.5
No 3,510 96.4 95.5–97.3
Crack
Yes 104 2.7 2.0–3.4
No 3,553 97.3 96.6–98.0
Prescription tranquilizers (e.g., Valium, Ativan, Xanax, downers, nerve pills)e
Yes 98 2.5 1.9–3.1
No 3,559 97.5 96.9–98.1
Prescription opioids (e.g., oxycodone, hydrocodone, Vicodin, Percocet)e
Yes 67 1.7 1.3–2.2
No 3,590 98.3 97.8–98.7
Amphetamine (e.g., speed, bennies, uppers)
Yes 57 1.3 0.9–1.6
No 3,598 98.7 98.4–99.1
Total 3,710 100

Disclaimer: The use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Department of Health and Human Services or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GHB, gamma hydroxybutyrate.
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.
Persons could report taking >1 noninjection drug.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
dIncludes all drugs that were not injected (i.e., administered by any route other than injection), including legal drugs that were not used for medical purposes.
eNot prescribed, or prescribed but taken more than directed.

Table 14. Injection drug use during the 12 months before interview among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
Use of any injection drugs
Yes 104 2.8 2.1–3.6
No 3,564 97.2 96.4–97.9
Injection drugs used
Methamphetamine (e.g., crystal meth, tina, crank, ice)
Yes 84 2.3 1.6–3.0
No 3,584 97.7 97.0–98.4
Heroin
Yes 26 0.6 0.4–0.8
No 3,642 99.4 99.2–99.6
Cocaine
Yes 16 0.4 0.2–0.5
No 3,652 99.6 99.5–99.8
Heroin and cocaine (speedball)
Yes — — —
No — — —
Amphetamine (e.g., speed, bennies, uppers)
Yes — — —
No — — —
Prescription opioids (e.g., OxyContin, oxycodone, hydrocodone)
Yes — — —
No — — —
Total 3,710 100

Disclaimer: The use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Department of Health and Human Services or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.
Excluded are estimates with a coefficient of variation ≥0.30 and those based on a denominator sample size <30. Persons could report taking >1 injection drug.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.

Table 15. Receipt of Papanicolaou testing and pregnancy since HIV diagnosis among cisgender women with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
Papanicolaou (Pap) test, past 3 yearsd
Yes 730 85.0 82.7–87.3
No 127 15.0 12.7–17.3
Pregnant since HIV diagnosis
Yes 225 28.3 23.9–32.7
No 635 71.7 67.3–76.1
Total 877 100

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
Note. Measures are self-reported. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
dOr since HIV diagnosis for women with a diagnosis within the past 3 years.

Table 16. Sexual behavior during the 12 months before interview among cisgender men and women with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
Cisgender Men Cisgender Women
Behavior No.a %b 95% CIc No.a %b 95% CIc
Engaged in vaginal or anal sex
Yes 1,626 61.3 59.0–63.6 410 49.7 45.4–54.1
No 1,042 38.7 36.4–41.0 450 50.3 45.9–54.6
Engaged in vaginal sex
Yes 454 18.1 15.9–20.4 408 49.5 45.1–53.8
No 2,221 81.9 79.6–84.1 452 50.5 46.2–54.9
Engaged in anal sex with cisgender men
  Receptive
    Yes 958 35.3 32.6–37.9 43 5.6 3.3–7.9
    No 1,689 64.7 62.1–67.4 814 94.4 92.1–96.7
  Insertive
    Yes 850 31.9 29.6–34.2 N/A N/A N/A
    No 1,795 68.1 65.8–70.4 N/A N/A N/A
Engaged in anal sex with cisgender women
Yes 61 2.2 1.4–3.1 N/A N/A N/A
No 2,676 97.8 96.9–98.6 N/A N/A N/A
Number of vaginal or anal sex partners among
  MSMd
    Mean 7 N/A
    Median 2 N/A
    Range 1–311 N/A
  MSWe
    Mean 1 N/A
    Median 1 N/A
    Range 1–20 N/A
  WSMf
    Mean N/A 1
    Median N/A 1
    Range N/A 1–10
Total 2,750 100 877 100

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable; MSM, cisgender men who had sex with cisgender men; MSW, cisgender men who had sex only with cisgender women; WSM, cisgender women who had sex with cisgender men.
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
dAmong men who had anal sex with cisgender men in the 12 months before interview.
eAmong men who had vaginal or anal sex only with cisgender women in the 12 months before interview.
fAmong women who had vaginal or anal sex with cisgender men in the 12 months before interview.

Table 17. Sexual behavior during the 12 months before interview among transgender persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
Transgendera Transgender womenb Transgender menc
Behavior No.d %e 95% CIf No.d %e 95% CIf No.d %e 95% CIf
Engaged in vaginal or anal sex
Yes 50 75.2 63.9–86.6 44 74.5 63.0–86.0 — — —
No 21 24.8 13.4–36.1 17 25.5 14.0–37.0 — — —
Engaged in vaginal or anal sex with cisgender men
Yes 42 62.1 51.3–72.9 40 67.8 53.9–81.7 — — —
No 29 37.9 27.1–48.7 21 32.2 18.3–46.1 — — —
Engaged in vaginal or anal sex with cisgender women
Yes — — — — — — — — —
No — — — — — — — — —
Engaged in vaginal or anal sex with transgender partners
Yes — — — — — — — — —
No — — — — — — — — —
Reported any sex without using an HIV prevention strategyg
Yes — — — — — — — — —
No — — — — — — — — —
Number of vaginal or anal sex partnersh
Mean 5 5 —
Median 2 2 —
Range 1–200 1–200 —
Total 79 100 68 100 11 100

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PrEP, preexposure prophylaxis [footnotes only].
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.
Excluded are estimates with a coefficient of variation ≥0.30 and those based on a denominator sample size <30.

aPersons were classified as transgender if sex at birth and gender reported by the person were different, or if the person chose “transgender” in response to the question about self-identified gender.
bWhen reported sex at birth and gender were different, persons who reported that their sex assigned at birth was male, but identified as female or transgender, were classified as transgender women.
cWhen reported sex at birth and gender were different, persons who reported that their sex assigned at birth was female, but identified as male or transgender, were classified as transgender men.
dNumbers are unweighted.
ePercentages are weighted percentages.
fCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
gVaginal or anal sex with at least 1 partner with an HIV-negative or unknown status while not having sustained viral suppression (defined as having all HIV viral loads being undetectable or <200 copies/mL, as documented in the medical record in the past 12 months before interview), a condom was not used, and the partner was not on PrEP. PrEP use was only measured among the 5 most recent sex partners.
hAmong persons who had vaginal or anal sex in the 12 months before interview.

Table 18. Sexual behavior during the 12 months before interview among men who had sex with men (MSM), men who had sex only with women (MSW), and women who had sex with men (WSM) with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
MSM MSW WSM
Behavior No.a %b 95% CIc No.a %b 95% CIc No.a %b 95% CIc
Engaged in any sex without using an HIV prevention strategy, among all personsd
Yes 139 8.5 6.4–10.6 43 8.2 5.5–10.9 54 6.8 3.6–10.0
No 1,792 91.5 89.4–93.6 639 91.8 89.1–94.5 789 93.2 90.0–96.4
Engaged in any sex without using an HIV prevention strategy, among sexually active personsd
Yes 139 13.3 10.2–16.5 43 14.3 9.9–18.6 54 13.7 7.7–19.7
No 1,078 86.7 83.5–89.8 345 85.7 81.4–90.1 350 86.3 80.3–92.3
Percentages of sexually active persons who used an HIV prevention strategy with at least 1 partner
Sex while having sustained viral suppressione
Yes 831 61.7 56.1–67.3 235 50.3 44.7–55.9 256 57.9 49.6–66.3
No 396 38.3 32.7–43.9 160 49.7 44.1–55.3 154 42.1 33.7–50.4
Condom-protected sexf
Yes 629 55.1 50.9–59.2 219 57.2 50.8–63.6 198 51.0 45.2–56.8
No 575 44.9 40.8–49.1 159 42.8 36.4–49.2 195 49.0 43.2–54.8
Condomless sex with a partner on PrEPg
Yes 277 22.0 18.1–25.8 24 5.2 3.1–7.3 15 3.8 1.6–5.9
No 946 78.0 74.2–81.9 369 94.8 92.7–96.9 394 96.2 94.1–98.4
Sex with a partner with HIVh
Yes 656 53.5 50.2–56.8 88 23.7 18.7–28.8 109 28.0 23.3–32.6
No 571 46.5 43.2–49.8 307 76.3 71.2–81.3 301 72.0 67.4–76.7
Total 1,958 100 700 100 855 100

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MSM, cisgender men who had sex with cisgender men; MSW, cisgender men who had sex only with cisgender women; WSM, cisgender women who had sex with cisgender men; PrEP, preexposure prophylaxis.
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.
Persons who reported no anal, vaginal, or oral sex in the 12 months before interview were categorized according to self-reported sexual orientation. This table does not include information on cisgender women who had sex with cisgender women only, cisgender women who had sex with transgender persons only, or cisgender men who had sex with transgender persons only.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
dVaginal or anal sex with at least 1 partner with an HIV-negative or unknown status while not having sustained viral suppression (defined as having all HIV viral loads being undetectable or <200 copies/mL, as documented in the medical record in the past 12 months before interview), a condom was not used, and the partner was not on PrEP. PrEP use was only measured among the 5 most recent partners.
eDefined as having all HIV viral loads being undetectable or <200 copies/mL, as documented in the medical record in the past 12 months before interview.
fCondoms were consistently used with at least 1 vaginal or anal sex partner.
gAt least 1 condomless-sex partner without HIV was on PrEP. PrEP use was only measured among the 5 most recent partners and was reported by the partner with HIV.
hSex with at least 1 partner with HIV.

Table 19. Met and unmet needs for ancillary services during the 12 months before interview among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
Persons who received services Persons who needed but did not
receive services by time of interview
No.a %b 95% CIc No.a %b 95% CIc
HIV support services
HIV case management services
Yes 2,005 51.7 47.7–55.6 210 6.4 5.2–7.6
No 1,655 48.3 44.4–52.3 3,450 93.6 92.4–94.8
Medicine through ADAP
Yes 1,795 47.5 44.9–50.1 89 3.0 2.2–3.8
No 1,770 52.5 49.9–55.1 3,476 97.0 96.2–97.8
Professional help remembering to take HIV medicines on time or correctly (adherence support services)
Yes 1,176 30.1 25.9–34.3 25 0.6 0.3–0.9
No 2,482 69.9 65.7–74.1 3,633 99.4 99.1–99.7
Patient navigation services
Yes 561 14.1 12.8–15.5 128 3.5 2.8–4.3
No 3,095 85.9 84.5–87.2 3,528 96.5 95.7–97.2
HIV peer group support
Yes 420 10.2 8.8–11.7 213 6.0 5.0–6.9
No 3,243 89.8 88.3–91.2 3,450 94.0 93.1–95.0
Non-HIV medical services
Dental care
Yes 2,136 55.9 53.6–58.2 737 21.4 19.6–23.2
No 1,531 44.1 41.8–46.4 2,930 78.6 76.8–80.4
Mental health services
Yes 1,124 28.6 25.5–31.7 275 7.6 6.5–8.7
No 2,540 71.4 68.3–74.5 3,389 92.4 91.3–93.5
Drug or alcohol counseling or treatment
Yes 242 6.1 5.1–7.2 61 1.9 1.2–2.6
No 3,424 93.9 92.8–94.9 3,605 98.1 97.4–98.8
Domestic violence services
Yes 42 0.8 0.4–1.3 29 0.9 0.4–1.3
No 3,627 99.2 98.7–99.6 3,640 99.1 98.7–99.6
Subsistence services
SNAP or WIC
Yes 1,394 37.3 35.3–39.3 329 9.6 8.4–10.7
No 2,275 62.7 60.7–64.7 3,340 90.4 89.3–91.6
Meal or food servicesd
Yes 909 24.1 21.8–26.4 196 5.3 4.6–6.0
No 2,760 75.9 73.6–78.2 3,473 94.7 94.0–95.4
Transportation assistance
Yes 786 20.4 18.7–22.1 213 5.7 4.7–6.7
No 2,888 79.6 77.9–81.3 3,461 94.3 93.3–95.3
Shelter or housing services
Yes 551 15.0 13.1–16.8 295 8.2 6.5–9.9
No 3,114 85.0 83.2–86.9 3,370 91.8 90.1–93.5
Total 3,710 100 3,710 100

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ADAP, AIDS Drug Assistance Program; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
Note. Persons could report receiving or needing more than 1 service. Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
dIncludes services such as soup kitchens, food pantries, food banks, church dinners, or food delivery services.

Table 20. Prevalence of physical violence by an intimate partner and forced sex among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
Was ever slapped, punched, shoved, kicked, choked, or otherwise physically hurt by a romantic or sexual partner
Yes 898 25.5 22.5–28.5
No 2,739 74.5 71.5–77.5
Was slapped, punched, shoved, kicked, choked, or otherwise physically hurt by a romantic or sexual partner, past 12 months
Yes 146 4.2 3.4–5.0
No 3,490 95.8 95.0–96.6
Was ever threatened with harm or physically forced to have unwanted vaginal, anal, or oral sex
Yes 592 16.2 14.1–18.2
No 3,039 83.8 81.8–85.9
Was threatened with harm or physically forced to have unwanted vaginal, anal, or oral sex, past 12 months
Yes 33 0.9 0.5–1.3
No 3,598 99.1 98.7–99.5
Total 3,710 100

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.

Table 21. Prevention services received during the 12 months before interview among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
No.a %b 95% CIc
One-on-one HIV/STD risk-reduction conversation with physician, nurse, or other health care worker
Yes 2,077 55.9 52.7–59.0
No 1,598 44.1 41.0–47.3
One-on-one HIV/STD risk-reduction conversation with outreach worker, counselor, or prevention program worker
Yes 1,052 27.3 24.1–30.5
No 2,620 72.7 69.5–75.9
Attended an organized HIV/STD risk-reduction session involving a small group of people
Yes 371 9.8 8.7–10.9
No 3,303 90.2 89.1–91.3
Received free condoms
Yes 1,525 41.6 38.6–44.5
No 2,150 58.4 55.5–61.4
Total 3,710 100

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
Note. Persons could report receiving more than 1 prevention service.
Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.

aNumbers are unweighted.
bPercentages are weighted percentages.
cCIs incorporate weighted percentages.

Table 22. National indicators: homelessness, HIV stigma, and sex without using an HIV prevention strategy among persons with diagnosed HIV—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2020
  Homelessa in the 12 months before interview among persons receiving HIV care in the past 12 months Homelessa in the 12 months before interview HIV stigmag HIV stigma, past 12 monthsh Engaged in any sex without using an HIV prevention strategy in the 12 months before interviewi
  No.b Row %c 95% CId No.b Row %c 95% CId No.b Row median score 95% CId No.b Row median score 95% CId No.b Row %c 95% CId
Gender
Cisgender male 209 7.6 6.2–9.0 221 8.1 6.5–9.6 2,623 33.5 32.0–35.0 2,624 27.6 26.8–28.4 184 8.2 6.5–9.8
Cisgender female 55 6.5 4.6–8.3 57 6.3 4.5–8.1 816 39.6 37.7–41.5 817 30.5 28.1–32.8 54 6.7 3.5–9.8
Transgendere 19 25.6 15.1–36.1 20 29.0 14.8–43.2 73 44.3 34.2–54.4 74 34.3 23.5–45.1 — — —
Sexual orientation
Lesbian or gay 103 5.9 4.5–7.3 110 6.3 4.8–7.9 1,615 32.3 30.6–34.0 1,613 26.4 25.1–27.7 115 8.2 6.0–10.4
Heterosexual or straight 122 8.2 6.4–10.0 125 8.3 6.4–10.3 1,454 36.7 34.9–38.4 1,460 29.5 28.4–30.6 93 7.2 4.5–9.9
Bisexual 38 11.7 8.0–15.4 41 12.2 8.5–16.0 297 38.5 35.1–41.8 297 31.2 27.7–34.6 33 12.6 8.4–16.7
Other 17 16.4 9.5–23.4 18 16.8 10.3–23.3 104 39.6 32.5–46.6 103 32.1 22.9–41.2 — — —
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Asian — — — — — — 45 40.8 33.4–48.1 46 32.9 26.3–39.4 — — —
Black/African American 145 10.0 7.8–12.1 153 10.4 8.0–12.7 1,386 34.1 32.6–35.7 1,391 28.7 27.5–30.0 92 7.4 5.3–9.6
Hispanic/Latinof 56 6.5 4.5–8.5 62 7.6 5.1–10.1 828 35.4 33.0–37.8 825 29.9 28.3–31.5 47 7.5 5.0–10.0
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
White 55 4.7 3.2–6.3 55 4.6 3.1–6.1 1,089 35.3 31.9–38.6 1,089 25.6 23.4–27.8 84 8.5 5.0–12.0
Multiple races 20 12.7 6.2–19.3 20 12.3 5.8–18.8 144 38.7 32.5–45.0 144 29.4 26.0–32.7 17 10.1 5.2–14.9
Age at time of interview (years)
18–29 39 14.7 10.0–19.4 44 18.1 12.7–23.5 248 38.1 32.8–43.4 248 33.5 28.7–38.3 30 15.5 9.5–21.5
30–39 83 13.2 10.1–16.3 86 12.9 9.6–16.3 607 38.7 35.9–41.4 605 31.8 29.0–34.5 74 15.0 10.8–19.1
40–49 55 6.9 5.0–8.8 57 7.2 5.2–9.2 599 37.5 34.9–40.0 599 29.7 27.8–31.6 51 7.2 5.1–9.3
≥50 106 5.3 4.0–6.6 111 5.4 4.1–6.6 2,061 32.5 30.8–34.2 2,066 26.4 25.2–27.5 91 4.9 3.0–6.7
Total 283 7.7 6.4–9.0 298 8.1 6.6–9.6 3,515 35.2 33.8–36.6 3,518 28.4 27.7–29.2 246 8.0 6.1–9.9

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PrEP, preexposure prophylaxis [footnotes only].
Note. Numbers might not add to total because of “don’t know” and skipped (missing) responses. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.
For weighted percentages: Excluded are estimates with a coefficient of variation ≥0.30 and those based on a denominator sample size <30.
For median scores: Excluded are estimates based on a denominator sample size <30.

aLiving on the street, in a shelter, in a single-room–occupancy hotel, or in a car.
bNumbers are unweighted.
cPercentages are weighted percentages.
dCIs incorporate weighted percentages.
ePersons were classified as transgender if sex at birth and gender reported by the person were different, or if the person chose “transgender” in response to the question about self-identified gender.
fHispanic/Latino persons can be of any race. Persons are classified in only 1 race/ethnicity category.
gTen-item scale ranging from 0 (no stigma) to 100 (high stigma) that measures 4 dimensions of HIV stigma: personalized stigma since HIV diagnosis, current disclosure concerns, current negative self-image, and current perceived public attitudes about people living with HIV.
hTen-item scale ranging from 0 (no stigma) to 100 (high stigma) that measures 4 dimensions of HIV stigma during the past 12 months: personalized stigma during the past 12 months, current disclosure concerns, current negative self-image, and current perceived public attitudes about people living with HIV.
iVaginal or anal sex with at least 1 partner of HIV-negative or unknown status while not having sustained viral suppression (defined as having all HIV viral loads being undetectable or < 200 copies/mL, as documented in the medical record in the past 12 months before interview), a condom was not used, and the partner was not on PrEP. PrEP use was only measured among the 5 most recent partners.

Top of Page
View Page In: Behavioral and Clinical Characteristics of Persons with Diagnosed HIV Infection—Medical Monitoring Project, United States 2020 Cycle (June 2020–May 2021)
Page last reviewed: July 12, 2022
Content source: Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention