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Meeting the Healthy People 2020 Objectives to Reduce Cancer Mortality

ORIGINAL RESEARCH — Volume 12 — July 2, 2015

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PEER REVIEWED

Figure 1. Trends in deaths from all cancers combined attributed to population risk (including diagnostic and treatment practices), growth, and aging (1975–2009), by sex and race (white, black).

Year of Diagnosis 1975 Cancer Deaths Population Aging Population Growth Population Risk
1975 Cancer Deaths in White Males
1975 175,299 175,299 175,299 175,299
1976 175,299 180,269 178,746 177,352
1977 175,299 184,261 180,914 178,052
1978 175,299 189,013 183,867 179,411
1979 175,299 193,447 186,412 180,253
1980 175,299 198,189 188,928 181,293
1981 175,299 199,373 188,719 179,733
1982 175,299 204,473 191,831 181,387
1983 175,299 208,060 193,615 181,751
1984 175,299 211,373 195,255 182,056
1985 175,299 215,088 197,098 182,502
1986 175,299 218,383 198,756 182,669
1987 175,299 221,766 200,276 182,777
1988 175,299 224,520 201,280 182,393
1989 175,299 228,317 202,921 182,517
1990 175,299 232,617 205,291 182,901
1991 175,299 236,430 206,933 182,283
1992 175,299 238,504 206,996 180,176
1993 175,299 241,940 208,120 179,168
1994 175,299 243,012 207,603 176,887
1995 175,299 244,026 206,278 173,972
1996 175,299 243,970 204,708 170,958
1997 175,299 243,212 202,090 167,047
1998 175,299 244,124 200,983 164,462
1999 175,299 247,392 201,753 163,476
2000 175,299 247,396 200,120 160,668
2001 175,299 248,142 199,105 158,397
2002 175,299 249,864 198,171 156,349
2003 175,299 249,045 191,520 152,627
2004 175,299 247,446 191,700 148,868
2005 175,299 250,475 191,520 147,529
2006 175,299 250,318 189,252 144,548
2007 175,299 252,047 184,752 141,943
2008 175,299 254,119 186,712 140,184
2009 175,299 255,040 184,752 137,686
1975 Cancer Deaths in White Females
1975 148,711 148,711 148,711 148,711
1976 148,711 153,688 152,569 151,377
1977 148,711 157,052 153,985 151,478
1978 148,711 161,273 156,378 152,431
1979 148,711 163,890 157,147 151,760
1980 148,711 169,970 160,982 154,197
1981 148,711 173,307 162,654 154,670
1982 148,711 178,167 165,506 156,285
1983 148,711 181,950 167,359 156,996
1984 148,711 187,266 170,715 159,171
1985 148,711 190,649 172,523 159,860
1986 148,711 193,967 174,107 160,301
1987 148,711 196,727 175,124 160,250
1988 148,711 200,633 177,296 161,242
1989 148,711 205,867 180,475 163,099
1990 148,711 208,986 181,889 163,026
1991 148,711 213,108 184,329 163,562
1992 148,711 216,036 185,438 162,893
1993 148,711 219,997 187,521 163,116
1994 148,711 222,817 189,061 162,963
1995 148,711 224,905 189,505 161,927
1996 148,711 225,471 189,125 160,231
1997 148,711 225,336 187,794 157,703
1998 148,711 226,051 187,187 155,854
1999 148,711 229,839 189,280 156,312
2000 148,711 232,608 190,664 156,269
2001 148,711 231,505 188,998 153,759
2002 148,711 232,613 188,708 152,445
2003 148,711 232,500 187,329 150,307
2004 148,711 230,682 184,914 147,380
2005 148,711 231,652 184,070 145,722
2006 148,711 232,251 183,502 144,253
2007 148,711 231,888 181,551 141,649
2008 148,711 231,767 179,705 139,241
2009 148,711 231,947 178,483 137,427
1975 Cancer Deaths in Black Males
1975 21,884 21,884 21,884 21,884
1976 21,884 22,748 22,673 22,358
1977 21,884 23,616 23,448 22,829
1978 21,884 24,249 23,987 23,055
1979 21,884 24,827 24,490 23,196
1980 21,884 25,855 25,750 23,725
1981 21,884 26,470 26,405 24,004
1982 21,884 27,217 27,127 24,330
1983 21,884 27,927 27,803 24,613
1984 21,884 28,848 28,739 25,128
1985 21,884 29,022 28,964 25,005
1986 21,884 29,360 29,343 24,994
1987 21,884 29,921 29,927 25,157
1988 21,884 30,319 30,379 25,196
1989 21,884 31,450 31,582 25,825
1990 21,884 31,993 32,261 25,937
1991 21,884 32,089 32,386 25,498
1992 21,884 32,156 32,538 25,035
1993 21,884 33,069 33,423 25,188
1994 21,884 32,858 33,205 24,548
1995 21,884 32,878 33,101 24,037
1996 21,884 32,973 33,066 23,608
1997 21,884 32,717 32,607 22,876
1998 21,884 32,521 32,164 22,181
1999 21,884 32,849 32,286 21,892
2000 21,884 32,815 31,906 21,292
2001 21,884 32,676 31,603 20,808
2002 21,884 32,625 31,272 20,341
2003 21,884 32,442 30,575 19,682
2004 21,884 32,441 30,299 19,252
2005 21,884 32,724 30,094 18,881
2006 21,884 32,555 29,541 18,284
2007 21,884 33,067 29,564 18,041
2008 21,884 33,018 29,031 17,477
2009 21,884 33,441 28,968 17,218
1975 Cancer Deaths in Black Females
1975 15,747 15,747 15,747 15,747
1976 15,747 16,408 16,285 16,034
1977 15,747 17,197 16,897 16,385
1978 15,747 17,559 17,075 16,307
1979 15,747 18,147 17,499 16,440
1980 15,747 19,173 18,504 16,940
1981 15,747 19,346 18,552 16,756
1982 15,747 20,086 19,118 17,030
1983 15,747 20,803 19,648 17,277
1984 15,747 21,407 20,095 17,455
1985 15,747 21,874 20,381 17,484
1986 15,747 22,610 20,955 17,750
1987 15,747 23,093 21,286 17,797
1988 15,747 23,644 21,634 17,845
1989 15,747 24,114 21,985 17,885
1990 15,747 25,082 22,824 18,271
1991 15,747 25,826 23,356 18,316
1992 15,747 26,245 23,783 18,269
1993 15,747 26,796 24,154 18,189
1994 15,747 27,077 24,326 17,979
1995 15,747 27,723 24,806 18,021
1996 15,747 27,793 24,695 17,649
1997 15,747 28,616 25,223 17,729
1998 15,747 28,672 25,124 17,377
1999 15,747 29,101 25,319 17,243
2000 15,747 29,127 25,049 16,819
2001 15,747 29,490 25,198 16,720
2002 15,747 29,989 25,330 16,622
2003 15,747 30,218 25,163 16,344
2004 15,747 30,056 24,846 15,966
2005 15,747 30,437 24,716 15,708
2006 15,747 30,526 24,530 15,411
2007 15,747 30,978 24,641 15,288
2008 15,747 30,934 24,309 14,862
2009 15,747 31,204 24,195 14,624

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Figure 2. Trends in observed and predicted age-adjusted death rates for all sites combined and for the 7 site-specific cancers included in the Healthy People 2020 cancer mortality objectives by sex and race, 1975–2020.

Year White Male White Female Black Male Black Female
All Cancer Sites Combined
1975 254.00 158.99 320.45 174.18
1976 257.50 161.69 328.45 179.10
1977 258.78 161.61 337.95 181.60
1978 261.64 162.54 340.91 181.53
1979 263.24 161.69 344.67 182.73
1980 265.02 164.17 353.91 189.24
1981 263.26 164.55 358.65 187.47
1982 266.28 166.11 364.86 190.17
1983 267.22 166.69 369.32 193.24
1984 267.55 169.02 377.93 195.67
1985 268.24 169.58 377.82 196.31
1986 268.83 170.01 378.92 199.05
1987 268.96 169.87 383.24 199.91
1988 269.46 170.94 384.17 200.36
1989 270.25 172.88 395.28 200.87
1990 271.48 172.89 399.14 205.38
1991 271.19 173.41 395.85 207.39
1992 268.91 172.58 389.20 205.80
1993 267.89 172.82 394.76 206.29
1994 264.73 172.62 385.20 204.06
1995 261.46 171.73 379.02 204.53
1996 256.83 169.85 373.70 200.94
1997 251.58 167.35 363.18 202.53
1998 247.62 165.38 353.13 198.38
1999 247.14 165.92 349.23 197.54
2000 243.31 165.94 341.48 193.26
2001 240.03 163.52 334.93 192.18
2002 237.25 162.14 327.14 191.51
2003 231.79 159.81 316.59 188.81
2004 226.30 156.68 309.94 183.64
2005 224.75 155.18 303.63 181.13
2006 219.98 153.59 293.91 177.57
2007 216.61 150.84 291.00 175.78
2008 213.29 148.23 280.09 170.95
2009 209.78 146.46 274.73 168.17
2010 206.52 144.69 268.96 166.51
2011 203.12 142.66 262.53 163.83
2012 199.72 140.63 256.09 161.14
2013 197.16 138.94 251.54 158.88
2014 194.59 137.24 246.99 156.63
2015 192.02 135.54 242.45 154.37
2017 186.88 132.15 233.35 149.85
2018 185.20 130.87 230.68 148.28
2019 183.53 129.58 228.00 146.71
2020 181.85 128.30 225.33 145.15
Cervix Uteri
1975 — 4.75 — 13.35
1976 — 4.68 — 12.86
1977 — 4.22 — 12.19
1978 — 4.15 — 11.64
1979 — 3.95 — 10.61
1980 — 3.77 — 10.78
1981 — 3.74 — 9.89
1982 — 3.51 — 9.77
1983 — 3.43 — 9.76
1984 — 3.36 — 9.27
1985 — 3.27 — 8.98
1986 — 3.22 — 9.23
1987 — 3.13 — 8.22
1988 — 3.10 — 8.15
1989 — 3.05 — 8.60
1990 — 3.19 — 7.77
1991 — 3.01 — 7.65
1992 — 3.01 — 8.07
1993 — 2.95 — 7.69
1994 — 3.00 — 6.71
1995 — 2.82 — 6.98
1996 — 2.87 — 6.20
1997 — 2.76 — 6.47
1998 — 2.65 — 5.91
1999 — 2.57 — 5.41
2000 — 2.47 — 5.43
2001 — 2.43 — 4.83
2002 — 2.28 — 4.98
2003 — 2.23 — 4.66
2004 — 2.18 — 4.52
2005 — 2.21 — 4.38
2006 — 2.21 — 4.34
2007 — 2.20 — 4.33
2008 — 2.17 — 4.19
2009 — 2.07 — 4.19
2010 — 2.09 — 4.01
2011 — 2.06 — 3.91
2012 — 2.03 — 3.82
2013 — 2.01 — 3.77
2014 — 2.00 — 3.72
2015 — 1.98 — 3.67
2016 — 1.96 — 3.62
2017 — 1.95 — 3.57
2018 — 1.94 — 3.55
2019 — 1.94 — 3.54
2020 — 1.93 — 3.53
Colon and Rectum
1975 33.24 25.06 30.09 24.55
1976 33.76 25.45 31.16 26.26
1977 33.49 24.97 31.44 24.93
1978 34.12 25.17 31.20 25.66
1979 33.92 24.57 31.57 25.96
1980 33.99 24.32 33.18 25.89
1981 33.16 23.85 32.83 26.32
1982 33.11 23.42 33.71 26.12
1983 33.32 23.11 32.90 25.82
1984 33.12 23.49 34.65 26.22
1985 32.74 22.77 34.10 28.04
1986 32.01 22.07 35.36 26.35
1987 31.85 21.63 35.10 26.48
1988 31.04 21.16 34.29 25.88
1989 30.52 20.82 36.37 26.07
1990 30.43 20.18 37.64 26.59
1991 29.35 19.85 35.80 26.50
1992 28.99 19.42 36.23 25.43
1993 28.18 19.28 35.84 26.04
1994 27.89 18.84 35.66 24.88
1995 27.16 18.64 36.30 25.47
1996 26.29 17.98 34.52 24.86
1997 25.68 17.59 35.07 24.80
1998 25.13 17.48 33.90 24.78
1999 24.99 17.20 34.50 24.70
2000 24.45 17.01 35.01 23.89
2001 23.80 16.48 33.47 24.25
2002 23.34 16.06 33.86 22.95
2003 22.57 15.51 32.71 22.91
2004 21.23 14.72 30.87 21.41
2005 20.56 14.13 31.21 21.42
2006 20.02 14.12 31.65 20.29
2007 19.64 13.73 29.76 19.88
2008 18.98 13.36 29.28 18.97
2009 18.59 12.68 27.57 18.59
2010 18.00 12.53 28.48 18.33
2011 17.49 12.17 28.03 17.84
2012 16.99 11.82 27.57 17.36
2013 16.67 11.60 27.26 17.03
2014 16.36 11.37 26.95 16.70
2015 16.05 11.15 26.64 16.38
2016 15.74 10.93 26.32 16.05
2017 15.43 10.71 26.01 15.73
2018 15.31 10.60 25.89 15.57
2019 15.18 10.50 25.77 15.42
2020 15.06 10.40 25.65 15.27
Female Breast
1975 — 31.79 — 29.49
1976 — 32.17 — 30.47
1977 — 32.67 — 32.80
1978 — 31.90 — 32.14
1979 — 31.48 — 30.82
1980 — 31.93 — 31.68
1981 — 32.12 — 32.55
1982 — 32.31 — 33.75
1983 — 32.20 — 33.53
1984 — 32.90 — 35.94
1985 — 33.11 — 34.85
1986 — 32.93 — 35.44
1987 — 32.57 — 36.73
1988 — 33.09 — 37.78
1989 — 33.23 — 36.61
1990 — 33.02 — 38.00
1991 — 32.45 — 38.28
1992 — 31.43 — 37.09
1993 — 31.09 — 38.04
1994 — 30.56 — 37.74
1995 — 30.09 — 38.18
1996 — 29.05 — 37.13
1997 — 27.62 — 37.43
1998 — 27.01 — 35.53
1999 — 25.98 — 35.21
2000 — 26.17 — 34.38
2001 — 25.40 — 34.56
2002 — 24.97 — 34.20
2003 — 24.58 — 34.19
2004 — 23.85 — 32.42
2005 — 23.39 — 32.99
2006 — 22.92 — 31.80
2007 — 22.28 — 31.58
2008 — 21.85 — 31.22
2009 — 21.65 — 30.49
2010 — 21.01 — 30.22
2011 — 20.55 — 29.77
2012 — 20.08 — 29.31
2013 — 19.74 — 28.96
2014 — 19.40 — 28.60
2015 — 19.06 — 28.25
2016 — 18.72 — 27.89
2017 — 18.38 — 27.54
2018 — 18.16 — 27.30
2019 — 17.94 — 27.06
2020 — 17.73 — 26.82
Lung and Bronchus
1975 75.47 17.67 91.01 17.34
1976 77.55 19.10 93.96 18.51
1977 79.09 20.09 100.80 19.91
1978 80.76 21.58 101.65 20.66
1979 81.64 22.42 102.89 22.24
1980 83.27 24.22 106.67 24.58
1981 83.52 25.10 109.71 25.10
1982 85.18 26.72 112.55 26.30
1983 85.40 28.28 112.76 28.73
1984 86.24 29.27 117.98 27.98
1985 86.69 30.81 117.50 29.64
1986 87.03 31.76 119.18 31.00
1987 88.09 33.04 121.77 32.48
1988 87.86 34.57 122.15 33.54
1989 87.57 36.27 124.72 34.87
1990 88.40 37.31 125.17 36.48
1991 87.76 38.12 123.58 37.16
1992 85.98 39.21 121.06 38.55
1993 85.52 39.97 121.98 37.72
1994 83.78 40.30 118.63 38.61
1995 82.62 40.97 116.08 38.84
1996 81.15 41.22 113.18 39.08
1997 79.83 41.52 110.21 40.53
1998 78.47 41.69 107.40 40.67
1999 75.67 40.86 103.61 40.00
2000 75.41 42.08 100.96 39.66
2001 74.33 42.02 99.58 38.81
2002 72.88 42.59 96.04 40.22
2003 71.34 42.22 93.59 40.25
2004 69.81 41.89 91.25 39.95
2005 69.22 41.59 88.04 40.15
2006 67.23 41.24 85.09 39.09
2007 64.97 41.15 83.58 38.16
2008 63.75 40.23 79.64 36.93
2009 61.77 39.84 77.22 35.99
2010 60.81 39.44 74.87 36.52
2011 59.31 38.99 72.31 36.02
2012 57.81 38.54 69.75 35.52
2013 56.57 38.00 67.79 34.95
2014 55.34 37.46 65.83 34.38
2015 54.11 36.91 63.87 33.81
2016 52.88 36.37 61.92 33.24
2017 51.65 35.83 59.96 32.67
2018 50.75 35.28 58.62 32.16
2019 49.86 34.73 57.29 31.65
2020 48.96 34.18 55.95 31.13
Melanoma
1975 2.88 1.74 0.56 0.44
1976 3.10 1.94 0.74 0.39
1977 3.17 1.93 0.69 0.41
1978 3.32 1.90 0.61 0.46
1979 3.46 2.02 0.64 0.47
1980 3.41 1.90 0.55 0.56
1981 3.45 2.07 0.56 0.57
1982 3.64 1.99 0.56 0.49
1983 3.63 2.04 0.63 0.40
1984 3.79 2.03 0.45 0.54
1985 3.82 2.06 0.58 0.49
1986 3.92 2.09 0.70 0.31
1987 4.13 2.02 0.57 0.54
1988 4.07 2.13 0.53 0.40
1989 4.15 2.10 0.57 0.53
1990 4.21 2.20 0.65 0.45
1991 4.31 2.02 0.65 0.54
1992 4.27 2.06 0.57 0.44
1993 4.31 2.06 0.42 0.59
1994 4.26 2.03 0.44 0.43
1995 4.35 2.02 0.51 0.42
1996 4.50 2.14 0.51 0.38
1997 4.41 2.05 0.49 0.58
1998 4.59 1.98 0.45 0.54
1999 4.27 1.98 0.52 0.33
2000 4.28 2.03 0.60 0.50
2001 4.38 1.99 0.35 0.45
2002 4.25 1.96 0.50 0.32
2003 4.39 1.97 0.44 0.45
2004 4.48 1.94 0.57 0.39
2005 4.54 2.06 0.49 0.41
2006 4.63 1.97 0.63 0.35
2007 4.53 1.92 0.54 0.45
2008 4.61 1.89 0.46 0.35
2009 4.77 2.05 0.55 0.36
2010 4.58 1.94 0.51 0.37
2011 4.57 1.92 0.51 0.37
2012 4.56 1.91 0.50 0.36
2013 4.53 1.89 0.50 0.36
2014 4.50 1.88 0.50 0.35
2015 4.47 1.86 0.49 0.35
2016 4.44 1.85 0.49 0.35
2017 4.41 1.83 0.49 0.34
2018 4.37 1.81 0.48 0.34
2019 4.32 1.79 0.48 0.34
2020 4.27 1.78 0.48 0.34
Oral Cavity and Pharynx
1975 6.64 2.29 9.93 2.52
1976 6.55 2.17 10.55 2.62
1977 6.67 2.25 10.87 2.65
1978 6.41 2.21 10.69 2.68
1979 6.25 2.32 11.47 2.97
1980 6.12 2.22 12.48 2.76
1981 5.96 2.17 11.36 2.84
1982 5.96 2.13 11.46 2.94
1983 5.73 2.10 11.83 2.76
1984 5.64 2.12 11.70 2.38
1985 5.44 2.05 11.03 2.62
1986 5.27 2.07 11.35 2.93
1987 5.01 2.00 9.95 2.54
1988 5.14 1.98 10.67 2.55
1989 4.84 2.00 10.44 2.59
1990 5.07 1.96 11.05 2.52
1991 4.87 1.95 10.06 2.70
1992 4.66 1.89 9.97 2.31
1993 4.68 1.83 10.09 2.44
1994 4.41 1.77 9.26 2.39
1995 4.42 1.75 9.28 2.54
1996 4.24 1.71 8.69 2.07
1997 4.17 1.70 8.10 2.19
1998 4.20 1.68 7.91 2.09
1999 3.80 1.54 7.49 2.12
2000 3.72 1.55 7.31 1.76
2001 3.87 1.52 6.69 1.81
2002 3.87 1.50 6.33 1.73
2003 3.80 1.45 6.95 1.65
2004 3.72 1.46 6.95 1.63
2005 3.60 1.43 6.54 1.38
2006 3.61 1.37 5.70 1.50
2007 3.71 1.39 5.76 1.60
2008 3.62 1.37 5.21 1.47
2009 3.54 1.31 5.15 1.23
2010 3.51 1.32 5.04 1.29
2011 3.47 1.28 4.84 1.24
2012 3.44 1.27 4.64 1.19
2013 3.42 1.25 4.50 1.15
2014 3.40 1.24 4.36 1.11
2015 3.38 1.23 4.23 1.07
2016 3.36 1.21 4.09 1.03
2017 3.35 1.21 3.95 1.00
2018 3.34 1.20 3.87 0.97
2019 3.33 1.19 3.80 0.94
2020 3.33 1.28 3.72 0.91
Prostate
1975 29.06 — 55.52 —
1976 29.93 — 55.60 —
1977 29.90 — 56.44 —
1978 30.62 — 58.49 —
1979 30.77 — 59.24 —
1980 30.77 — 61.99 —
1981 30.76 — 63.61 —
1982 31.09 — 62.36  
1983 31.57 — 64.55 —
1984 31.58 — 65.93 —
1985 31.28 — 67.26 —
1986 32.46 — 67.39 —
1987 32.57 — 68.88 —
1988 33.38 — 69.57 —
1989 34.54 — 71.71 —
1990 35.67 — 77.98 —
1991 36.50 — 78.24 —
1992 36.29 — 79.84 —
1993 36.26 — 81.86 —
1994 35.64 — 79.96 —
1995 34.41 — 78.20 —
1996 33.00 — 78.84 —
1997 31.35 — 74.30 —
1998 29.89 — 72.77 —
1999 28.91 — 70.13 —
2000 27.75 — 68.93 —
2001 26.87 — 67.86 —
2002 26.20 — 65.04 —
2003 24.85 — 60.48 —
2004 23.86 — 59.20 —
2005 23.15 — 57.29 —
2006 22.17 — 54.01 —
2007 22.05 — 55.27 —
2008 21.17 — 49.49 —
2009 20.22 — 50.00 —
2010 19.86 — 47.69 —
2011 19.24 — 45.89 —
2012 18.62 — 44.09 —
2013 18.27 — 43.02 —
2014 17.92 — 41.95 —
2015 17.57 — 40.88 —
2016 17.22 — 39.81 —
2017 16.86 — 38.74 —
2018 16.74 — 38.35 —
2019 16.61 — 37.95 —
2020 16.49 — 37.55 —

Abbreviation: —, not applicable.

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The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors’ affiliated institutions.

Page last reviewed: July 2, 2015
Content source: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion