Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance — United States, 2015

Please note: An erratum has been published for this report. To view the erratum, please click here .

Laura Kann, PhD1; Tim McManus, MS1; William A. Harris, MM1; Shari L. Shanklin, MPH1; Katherine H. Flint, MA2; Joseph Hawkins, MA3; Barbara Queen, MS3; Richard Lowry, MD1; Emily O’Malley Olsen, MSPH1; David Chyen, MS1; Lisa Whittle, MPH1; Jemekia Thornton, MPA1; Connie Lim, MPA1; Yoshimi Yamakawa, MPH1; Nancy Brener, PhD1; Stephanie Zaza, MD1 (View author affiliations)

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Abstract

Problem: Priority health-risk behaviors contribute to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among youth and adults. Population-based data on these behaviors at the national, state, and local levels can help monitor the effectiveness of public health interventions designed to protect and promote the health of youth nationwide.

Reporting Period Covered: September 2014–December 2015.

Description of the System: The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health behaviors among youth and young adults: 1) behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3) alcohol and other drug use; 4) sexual behaviors related to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; 5) unhealthy dietary behaviors; and 6) physical inactivity. In addition, YRBSS monitors the prevalence of obesity and asthma and other priority health behaviors. YRBSS includes a national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) conducted by CDC and state and large urban school district school-based YRBSs conducted by state and local education and health agencies. This report summarizes results for 118 health behaviors plus obesity, overweight, and asthma from the 2015 national survey, 37 state surveys, and 19 large urban schoo l district surveys conducted among students in grades 9–12.

Results: Results from the 2015 national YRBS indicated that many high school students are engaged in priority health-risk behaviors associated with the leading causes of death among persons aged 10–24 years in the United States. During the 30 days before the survey, 41.5% of high school students nationwide among the 61.3% who drove a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey had texted or e-mailed while driving, 32.8% had drunk alcohol, and 21.7% had used marijuana. During the 12 months before the survey, 15.5% had been electronically bullied, 20.2% had been bullied on school property, and 8.6% had attempted suicide. Many high school students are engaged in sexual risk behaviors that relate to unintended pregnancies and STIs, including HIV infection. Nationwide, 41.2% of students had ever had sexual intercourse, 30.1% had had sexual intercourse during the 3 months before the survey (i.e., currently sexually active), and 11.5% had ha d sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their life. Among currently sexually active students, 56.9% had used a condom during their last sexual intercourse. Results from the 2015 national YRBS also indicated many high school students are engaged in behaviors associated with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. During the 30 days before the survey, 10.8% of high school students had smoked cigarettes and 7.3% had used smokeless tobacco. During the 7 days before the survey, 5.2% of high school students had not eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices and 6.7% had not eaten vegetables. More than one third (41.7%) had played video or computer games or used a computer for something that was not school work for 3 or more hours per day on an average school day and 14.3% had not participated in at least 60 minutes of any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard on at least 1 day during the 7 day s before the survey. Further, 13.9% had obesity and 16.0% were overweight.

Interpretation: Many high school students engage in behaviors that place them at risk for the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of most health behaviors varies by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade and across states and large urban school districts. Long-term temporal changes also have occurred. Since the earliest year of data collection, the prevalence of most health-risk behaviors has decreased (e.g., riding with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, physical fighting, current cigarette use, current alcohol use, and current sexual activity), but the prevalence of other behaviors and health outcomes has not changed (e.g., suicide attempts treated by a doctor or nurse, smokeless tobacco use, having ever used marijuana, and attending physical education classes) or has increased (e.g., having not gone to school because of safety concerns, obesity, overweight, not eating vegetables, and not drinking milk). Monitoring emerging risk behav iors (e.g., texting and driving, bullying, and electronic vapor product use) is important to understand how they might vary over time.

Public Health Action: YRBSS data are used widely to compare the prevalence of health behaviors among subpopulations of students; assess trends in health behaviors over time; monitor progress toward achieving 21 national health objectives for Healthy People 2020 and one of the 26 leading health indicators; provide comparable state and large urban school district data; and help develop and evaluate school and community policies, programs, and practices designed to decrease health-risk behaviors and improve health outcomes among youth.

Introduction

In the United States in 2014, 71% of all deaths among persons aged 10–24 years resulted from four causes: motor vehicle crashes (23%), other unintentional injuries (17%), homicide (14%), and suicide (17%) (1). Among persons aged 15–19 years, 273,105 births (2); 451,208 cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis (3); and 1,828 diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (4) are reported annually. Among persons aged ≥25 years, 54% of all deaths in the United States result from cardiovascular disease (31%) and cancer (23%) (1). These leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and social problems among youth and adults in the United States are related to six categories of priority health behaviors: 1) behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3) alcohol and other drug use; 4) sexual behaviors that related to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV infection; 5) unhealthy dietary behaviors; and 6) physical inactivity. These behaviors frequently are interrelated and are established during childhood and adolescence and extend into adulthood. To monitor priority health behaviors in each of these six categories, the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and asthma, and other priority health behaviors among youth and young adults, CDC developed the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) (5). YRBSS includes school-based national, state, and large urban school district Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) conducted among representative samples of students in grades 9–12. National, state, and large urban school distr ict surveys have been conducted biennially since 1991 ( Table 1). Additional information about YRBSS is available at http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/index.htm.

This report summarizes results for 118 health behaviors plus obesity, overweight, and asthma from the 2015 national YRBS and overall trends in health behaviors during 1991–2015. Results from the 37 state and 19 large urban school district surveys with weighted data for the 2015 YRBSS cycle ( Figure) also are included in this report. Data from 10 state and two large urban school district surveys with unweighted data are not included. Among those with weighted data for 2015, three state and one large urban school district surveys were conducted during fall 2014; the national survey, 29 state, and 16 large urban school district surveys were conducted during spring 2015; and five state and two large urban school district surveys were conducted during fall 2015.

Methods

Detailed information about the methodology of the national, state, and large urban school district YRBSs has been described elsewhere (5).

Sampling

National Youth Risk Behavior Survey

The sampling frame for the 2015 national YRBS consisted of all regular public* and private schools with students in at least one of grades 9–12 in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The sampling frame was based on the Market Data Retrieval (MDR) database (6), which includes information on both public and private schools and the most recent data from the Common Core of Data from the National Center for Education Statistics (7). A three-stage cluster sample design produced a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9–12 who attend public and private schools. The first-stage sampling frame consisted of 1,259 primary sampling units (PSUs), consisting of counties, subareas of large counties, or groups of smaller, adjacent counties. The 1,259 PSUs were categorized into 16 strata according to their metropolitan statistical area (MSA) status (e.g., urban city) and the percentages of black and Hispanic students in the PSUs. From the 1,259 PSUs, 54 were sampled with probability proportional to overall school enrollment size for the PSU.

In the second stage of sampling, 180 schools with any of grades 9–12 were sampled with probability proportional to school enrollment size from within the 54 PSUs. The third stage of sampling consisted of random sampling in each of grades 9–12, one or two classrooms from either a required subject (e.g., English or social studies) or a required period (e.g., homeroom or second period). All students in sampled classes were eligible to participate. Schools, classes, and students that refused to participate were not replaced.

To enable a separate analysis of data for black and Hispanic students, two classes per grade, rather than one, were sampled in schools with a high minority enrollment. Before the 2013 national YRBS, three strategies were used to oversample black and Hispanic students: 1) larger sampling rates were used to select PSUs that were in high-black and high-Hispanic strata; 2) a modified measure of size was used to increase the probability of sampling schools with a disproportionately high minority enrollment; and 3) two classes per grade, rather than one, were sampled in schools with a high minority enrollment. Because of increases in the proportions of black and Hispanic students in the population, only selection of two classes per grade was needed in 2013 and 2015 to balance the precision needed for subgroup estimates with minimum variance for overall estimates.

State and Large Urban School District Youth Risk Behaviors

In 2015, a two-stage cluster sample design was used to produce a representative sample of public§ school students in grades 9–12 in 36 states and 19 large urban school districts and of public and private school students in grades 9–12 in one state (South Dakota). In the first sampling stage, schools with any of grades 9–12 were sampled with probability proportional to school enrollment size in 34 states and three large urban school districts; all schools with any of grades 9–12 were invited to participate in three states and 16 large urban school districts. In the second sampling stage, intact classes from either a required subject (e.g., English or social studies) or a required period (e.g., homeroom or second period) were sampled randomly in 36 states and 18 large urban school districts, and all students in the sampled classes were el igible to participate. In one state and one large urban school district, all students in sampled schools were eligible to participate.

Data Collection Procedures and Questionnaires

Survey procedures for the national, state, and large urban school district surveys were designed to protect students’ privacy by allowing for anonymous and voluntary participation. Before survey administration, local parental permission procedures were followed. Students completed the self-administered questionnaire during one class period and recorded their responses directly on a computer-scannable booklet or answer sheet. CDC’s Institutional Review Board approved the protocol for the national YRBS.

The 2015 YRBS standard questionnaire contained 89 questions. This questionnaire was used as the starting point for the state and large urban school district questionnaires. States and large urban school districts could add and/or delete questions from the standard questionnaire. Only one state and three large urban school districts included in this report used the 2015 YRBS standard questionnaire without modifications. This report presents state and large urban school district results only from selected questions on the 2015 standard questionnaire.

The 2015 national YRBS questionnaire contained 99 questions, including all 89 questions on the standard questionnaire. This report presents national results (along with state and large urban school district results) for selected questions on the 2015 standard questionnaire plus national only results from eight additional questions measuring usual method of marijuana use, ever use of hallucinogenic drugs, consumption of sports drinks, consumption of water, muscle strengthening exercises, indoor tanning device use, having had a sunburn, and avoidance of foods because eating the food could cause an allergic reaction.

Except for six demographic questions (sex, grade in school, age, Hispanic ethnicity, race, and sexual identity) and three questions assessing height, weight, and asthma, all the remaining questions on the standard questionnaire and the national questionnaire measured behaviors practiced or experienced by the student (referred to as “behaviors”). Skip patterns, which occur when a particular response to one question indicates to the respondents that they should not answer one or more subsequent questions, were not included in any YRBS questionnaire to protect students’ privacy by ensuring all students took about the same amount of time to complete the questionnaire. All questions (except for two questions assessing height and weight and the race question) were multiple choice with a maximum of eight mutually exclusive response options and only one possible answer per respondent. Information about the reliability of the standard questionnaire has been pub lished elsewhere (8). The 2015 standard and national YRBS questionnaires are available at http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/index.htm.

Results from two new standard questions measuring sexual minority status (i.e., sexual identity and sex of sexual contacts) used by 25 states and 19 large urban school districts and included on the national questionnaire are not described in this report.

Data Processing Procedures and Response Rates

For the 2015 national YRBS, 15,713 questionnaires were completed in 125 public and private schools. The national data set was cleaned and edited for inconsistencies. Missing data were not statistically imputed. Among the 15,713 completed questionnaires, 89 failed quality control** and were excluded from analysis, resulting in 15,624 usable questionnaires ( Table 2). The school response rate was 69%, the student response rate was 86%, and the overall response rate was 60%†† (Table 2).

Data from each state and large urban school district survey were cleaned and edited for inconsistencies with the same procedures used for the national data set. The percentage of completed questionnaires that failed quality control checks and were excluded from analysis ranged from 0.2% to 5.3% (median: 0.8%) across the 37 states and from 0.3% to 6.4% (median: 1.6%) across the 19 large urban school districts. The student sample sizes ranged from 1,313 to 55,596 (median: 2,777) across the states and from 1,052 to 10,419 (median: 2,181) across the large urban school districts (Table 2). Among the states, the school response rates ranged from 70% to 100%, student response rates ranged from 64% to 90%, and overall response rates ranged from 60% to 84%. Among the large urban school districts, the school response rates ranged from 90% to 100%, student response rates ranged from 66% to 88%, and overall response rates ranged from 64% to 88% ( Table 2).

Race/ethnicity was computed from two questions: 1) “Are you Hispanic or Latino?” (response options were “yes” or “no”), and 2) “What is your race?” (response options were “American Indian or Alaska Native,” “Asian,” “black or African American,” “Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander,” or “white”). For the second question, students could select more than one response option. For this report, students were classified as “Hispanic/Latino” and are referred to as “Hispanic” if they answered “yes” to the first question, regardless of how they answered the second question. Students who answered “no” to the first question and selected only “black or African American” to the second question were classified as “black or African American” and are referred to as “black.” Students who answered “no” to the first question and selected only “white” to the second question were classified, and are referred to, as “white.” Race/ethnicity was classified as missing for students who did not answer the first question and for students who answered “no” to the first question but did not answer the second question.

Students were classified as having obesity or being overweight based on their body mass index (kg/m2) (BMI), which was calculated from self-reported height and weight. BMI values were compared with sex- and age-specific reference data from the 2000 CDC growth charts (9). Obesity was defined as a BMI of ≥95th percentile for age and sex. Overweight was defined as a BMI of ≥85th percentile and <95th percentile for age and sex. These classifications are not intended to diagnose obesity or overweight in individual students, but to provide population-level estimates of obesity and overweight.

Weighting

For the national YRBS, a weight based on student sex, race/ethnicity, and grade was applied to each record to adjust for school and student nonresponse and oversampling of black and Hispanic students. The overall weights were scaled so that the weighted count of students equals the total sample size, and the weighted proportions of students in each grade match the national population proportions. Therefore, weighted estimates are representative of all students in grades 9–12 attending public and private schools in the United States.

Data from states and large urban school districts that had a representative sample of students, appropriate documentation, and an overall response rate of ≥60% were weighted. A weight was applied to each record to adjust for school and student nonresponse and the distribution of students by grade, sex, and race/ethnicity in each jurisdiction, such that the weighted count of students equals the student population in each jurisdiction. Data from 37 states and 19 large urban school districts were weighted. In 36 states and all large urban school districts, weighted estimates are representative of all students in grades 9–12 attending public schools in each jurisdiction. In one state (South Dakota), weighted estimates are representative of all students in grades 9–12 attending public and private schools.

Analytic Methods

Statistical analyses were conducted on weighted data using SAS (10) and SUDAAN (11) software to account for the complex sampling designs. Prevalence estimates and confidence intervals were computed for all variables and all data sets. In addition, for the national YRBS data, t tests were used to determine pairwise differences between subpopulations (12). Differences between prevalence estimates were considered statistically significant if the t test p value was <0.05 for main effects (sex, race/ethnicity, and grade) and for interactions (sex by race/ethnicity, sex by grade, race/ethnicity by sex, and grade by sex). In the results section, only statistically significant differences in national YRBS prevalence estimates are reported in the following order: sex, sex by race/ethnicity, sex by grade, race/et hnicity, race/ethnicity by sex, grade, and grade by sex.

To identify long-term temporal trends in health behaviors nationwide, prevalence estimates from the earliest year of data collection to 2015 for each variable assessed with identically worded questions in three or more survey years were examined. Logistic regression analyses were used to account for all available estimates; control for sex, grade, and racial/ ethnic changes over time; and assess long-term linear and quadratic trends (12). A p value associated with the regression coefficient that was <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Linear and quadratic time variables were treated as continuous and were coded using orthogonal coefficients calculated with PROC IML in SAS. Separate regression models were used to assess linear and quadratic trends for every variable. When a significant quadratic trend was identified, Joinpoint software (13) was used to automate identification of the year or “joinpoint” where the nonlinear (i.e., quadratic) trend changed and then regression models were used to identify linear trends occurring in each segment. Cubic and higher order trends were not assessed. A quadratic trend indicates a significant but nonlinear trend in prevalence over time. A long-term temporal change that includes a significant linear and quadratic trend demonstrates nonlinear variation (e.g., leveling off or change in direction) in addition to an overall increase or decrease over time.

To identify 2-year temporal changes in health behaviors nationwide, prevalence estimates from 2013 and 2015 were compared using t tests for each variable assessed with identically worded questions in both survey years. Prevalence estimates were considered statistically different if the t test p value was <0.05.

In the results section, long-term linear and quadratic trends are described first followed by results from the t tests used to assess 2-year temporal changes. Information about long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available because of changes in question or response option wording or because the question was asked for the first time during 2015 for the following variables: usually obtained their own cigarettes by buying them on the Internet; ever use of electronic vapor products; current use of electronic vapor products; current use of cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, or electronic vapor products; usual method of marijuana use; ever use of synthetic marijuana; sports drink consumption; water consumption; had a sunburn; having seen a dentist; and avoidance of foods because eating the food could cause an allergic reaction.

Results

Behaviors that Contribute to Unintentional Injuries

Rarely or Never Wore a Bicycle Helmet

Among the 68.0% of students nationwide who had ridden a bicycle during the 12 months before the survey, 81.4% had rarely or never worn a bicycle helmet ( Table 3). The prevalence of having rarely or never worn a bicycle helmet was higher among 11th-grade male (85.4%) than 11th-grade female (78.5%) students. The prevalence of having rarely or never worn a bicycle helmet was higher among black (88.2%) and Hispanic (90.1%) than white (76.4%) students, higher among Hispanic female (90.3%) than white female (75.3%) students, and higher among black male (91.6%) and Hispanic male (90.0%) than white male (77.5%) students. The prevalence of having rarely or never worn a bicycle helmet was higher among 12th-grade (83.5%) than 9th-grade (79.4%) students, higher among 11th-grade male (85.4%) and 12th-grade male (84.9%) than 9th-grade male (80.2%) students, and higher among 11th-grade male (85.4%) than 10th-grade male (80.4%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having rarely or never worn a bicycle helmet (96.2%–81.4%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having rarely or never worn a bicycle helmet decreased during 1991–2001 (96.2%–84.7%) and then did not change significantly during 2001–2015 (84.7%–81.4%). The prevalence of having never or rarely worn a bicycle helmet decreased significantly from 2013 (87.9%) to 2015 (81.4%).

Across 28 states, the prevalence of having rarely or never worn a bicycle helmet ranged from 53.0% to 94.1% (median: 84.6%) ( Table 4). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 55.1% to 95.6% (median: 87.3%).

Rarely or Never Wore a Seat Belt

Nationwide, 6.1% of students rarely or never wore a seat belt when riding in a car driven by someone else (Table 3). The prevalence of having rarely or never worn a seat belt was higher among male (7.2%) than female (4.9%) students; higher among white male (5.3%) and black male (12.4%) than white female (3.5%) and black female (7.6%) students, respectively; and higher among 10th-grade male (7.6%) and 11th-grade male (7.1%) than 10th-grade female (4.5%) and 11th-grade female (4.1%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having rarely or never worn a seat belt was higher among black (10.1%) and Hispanic (6.5%) than white (4.4%) students, higher among black (10.1%) than Hispanic (6.5%) students, higher among black female (7.6%) and Hispanic female (6.3%) than white female (3.5%) students, and higher among black male (12.4%) than white male (5.3%) and Hispanic male (6.8%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having rarely or never worn a seat belt (25.9%–6.1%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having rarely or never worn a seat belt did not change significantly from 2013 (7.6%) to 2015 (6.1%).

Across 32 states, the prevalence of having rarely or never wore a seat belt ranged from 3.6% to 14.6% (median: 8.1%) (Table 4). Across 17 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 4.5% to 21.7% (median: 8.2%).

Rode with a Driver Who Had Been Drinking Alcohol

During the 30 days before the survey, 20.0% of students nationwide had ridden in a car or other vehicle one or more times with a driver who had been drinking alcohol ( Table 5). The prevalence of having ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol was higher among Hispanic (26.2%) than white (17.7%) and black (21.1%) students, higher among Hispanic female (27.3%) than white female (17.5%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (25.3%) than white male (17.7%) and black male (20.6%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol (39.9%–20.0%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol decreased during 2009–2011 (39.9%–28.3%) and then decreased more gradually from 2009–2015 (28.3%–20.0%). The prevalence of having ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol did not change significantly from 2013 (21.9%) to 2015 (20.0%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of having ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol ranged from 14.2% to 25.5% (median: 18.3%) ( Table 6). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 13.4% to 31.6% (median: 22.0%).

Drove When Drinking Alcohol

Among the 61.4% of students nationwide who drove a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey,§§ 7.8% had driven a car or other vehicle one or more times when they had been drinking alcohol during the 30 days before the survey (Table 5). The prevalence of having driven a car or other vehicle when they had been drinking alcohol was higher among male (9.5%) than female (6.0%) students, higher among white male (9.4%) than white female (5.4%) students, and higher among 10th-grade male (8.2%) than 10th-grade female (2.2%) students. The prevalence of having driven a car or other vehicle when they had been drinking alcohol was higher among 12th-grade (9.9%) than 9th-grade (5.6%) students; higher among 11th-grade (8.7%) and 12th-grade (9.9%) than 10th-grade (5.3%) students; higher among 9th-grade female (5.5%), 11th-grade female (6.8%), and 12th-grade female (8.0%) t han 10th-grade female (2.2%) students; and higher among 12th-grade male (11.7%) than 9th-grade male (5.7%) students.

Because of changes in response options starting in 2013, long-term temporal trends are not available for the prevalence of having driven a car or other vehicle when they had been drinking. The prevalence of having driven a car or other vehicle when they had been drinking alcohol decreased significantly from 2013 (10.0%) to 2015 (7.8%).

Across 35 states, the prevalence of having driven a car or other vehicle when they had been drinking alcohol among students who drove a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey ranged from 4.3% to 10.9% (median: 7.1%) (Table 6). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 4.4% to 9.7% (median: 7.0%).

Texted or E-Mailed While Driving

Among the 61.3% of students nationwide who drove a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey,§§ 41.5% had texted or e-mailed while driving a car or other vehicle on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey ( Table 7). The prevalence of having texted or e-mailed while driving was higher among Hispanic male (42.2%) than Hispanic female (28.2%) students. The prevalence of having texted or e-mailed while driving was higher among white (45.2%) than black (32.8%) and Hispanic (35.8%) students, higher among white female (45.3%) than black female (33.1%) and Hispanic female (28.2%) students, and higher among white male (45.0%) and Hispanic male (42.2%) than black male (33.0%) students. The prevalence of having texted or e-mailed while driving was higher among 10th-grade (25.0%), 11th-grade (47.9%), and 12th-grade (61.4%) than 9th-grade (15.9%) students; hi gher among 11th-grade (47.9%) and 12th-grade (61.4%) than 10th-grade (25.0%) students; higher among 12th-grade (61.4%) than 11th-grade (47.9%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (24.7%), 11th-grade female (45.1%), and 12th-grade female (60.8%) than 9th-grade female (14.4%) students; higher among 11th-grade female (45.1%) and 12th-grade female (60.8%) than 10th-grade female (24.7%) students; higher among 12th-grade female (60.8%) than 11th-grade female (45.1%) students; higher among 10th-grade male (25.2%), 11th-grade male (50.1%), and 12th-grade male (61.9%) than 9th-grade male (17.4%) students; higher among 11th-grade male (50.1%) and 12th-grade male (61.9%) than 10th-grade male (25.2%) students; and higher among 12th-grade male (61.9%) than 11th-grade male (50.1%) students.

Because of changes in response options starting in 2013, long-term temporal trends are not available for the prevalence of having texted or e-mailed while driving. The prevalence of having texted or e-mailed while driving did not change significantly from 2013 (41.4%) to 2015 (41.5%).

Across 35 states, the prevalence of having texted or e-mailed while driving ranged from 26.1% to 63.2% (median: 39.3%) ( Table 8). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 14.1% to 38.7% (median: 32.1%).

Behaviors that Contribute to Violence

Carried a Weapon

Nationwide, 16.2% of students had carried a weapon (e.g., gun, knife, or club) on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey ( Table 9). The prevalence of having carried a weapon was higher among male (24.3%) than female (7.5%) students; higher among white male (28.0%), black male (17.6%), and Hispanic male (20.2%) than white female (8.1%), black female (6.2%), and Hispanic female (7.1%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (24.6%), 10th-grade male (25.5%), 11th-grade male (23.0%), and 12th-grade male (23.4%) than 9th-grade female (6.6%), 10th-grade female (7.2%), 11th-grade female (8.0%), and 12th-grade female (8.0%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having carried a weapon was higher among white (18.1%) than black (12.4%) and Hispanic (13.7%) students and higher among white male (28.0%) than black male (17.6%) and Hispanic male (20.2%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having carried a weapon (26.1%–16.2%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having carried a weapon decreased during 1991–1997 (26.1%–18.3%) and then did not change significantly during 1997–2015 (18.3%–16.2%). The prevalence of having carried a weapon also did not change significantly from 2013 (17.9%) to 2015 (16.2%).

Across 27 states, the prevalence of having carried a weapon ranged from 8.9% to 29.6% (median: 19.3%) ( Table 10). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 7.7% to 21.9% (median: 12.5%).

Carried a Gun

Nationwide, 5.3% of students had carried a gun on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey (Table 9). The prevalence of having carried a gun was higher among male (8.7%) than female (1.6%) students; higher among white male (9.6%), black male (9.6%), and Hispanic male (6.5%) than white female (1.4%), black female (1.7%), and Hispanic female (1.9%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (7.0%), 10th-grade male (8.8%), 11th-grade male (9.0%), and 12th-grade male (9.7%) than 9th-grade female (1.2%), 10th-grade female (1.6%), 11th-grade female (1.4%), and 12th-grade female (1.7%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having carried a gun was higher among white male (9.6%) than Hispanic male (6.5%) students. The prevalence of having carried a gun was higher among 12th-grade (5.7%) than 9th-grade (4.4%) students and higher among 12th-grade male (9.0%) than 9th-grade male (7.0%) students.

During 1993–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having carried a gun (7.9%–5.3%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having carried a gun decreased during 1993–1997 (7.9%–5.9%) and then did not change significantly during 1997–2015 (5.9%–5.3%). The prevalence of having carried a gun also did not change significantly from 2013 (5.5%) to 2015 (5.3%).

Across 19 states, the prevalence of having carried a gun ranged from 2.7% to 11.5% (median: 6.8%) (Table 10). Across 15 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 2.2% to 5.9% (median: 4.5%).

Carried a Weapon on School Property

Nationwide, 4.1% of students had carried a weapon (e.g., a gun, knife, or club) on school property on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey ( Table 11). The prevalence of having carried a weapon on school property was higher among male (5.9%) than female (2.0%) students; higher among white male (5.7%), black male (4.7%), and Hispanic male (6.1%) than white female (1.6%), black female (2.1%), and Hispanic female (2.9%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (4.6%), 10th-grade male (6.1%), 11th-grade male (7.4%), and 12th-grade male (5.1%) than 9th-grade female (1.9%), 10th-grade female (2.2%), 11th-grade female (1.9%), and 12th-grade female (2.0%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having carried a weapon on school property was higher among 11th-grade (4.8%) than 9th-grade (3.4%) students and higher among 11th-grade male (7.4%) than 9th-grade male (4.6%) students.

During 1993–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having carried a weapon on school property (11.8%–4.1%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having carried a weapon on school property decreased during 1993–1997 (11.8%–8.5%) and then decreased more rapidly during 1997–2015 (8.5%–4.1%). The prevalence of having carried a weapon on school property also decreased significantly from 2013 (5.2%) to 2015 (4.1%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of having carried a weapon on school property ranged from 2.0% to 10.7% (median: 5.2%) ( Table 12). Across 17 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 2.4% to 9.8% (median: 3.3%).

Threatened or Injured with a Weapon on School Property

Nationwide, 6.0% of students had been threatened or injured with a weapon (e.g., a gun, knife, or club) on school property one or more times during the 12 months before the survey (Table 11). The prevalence of having been threatened or injured with a weapon on school property was higher among male (7.0%) than female (4.6%) students; higher among black male (8.9%) and Hispanic male (8.4%) than black female (6.5%) and Hispanic female (4.7%) students, respectively; and higher among 11th-grade male (7.3%) and 12th-grade male (5.7%) than 11th-grade female (2.9%) and 12th-grade female (3.2%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having been threatened or injured with a weapon on school property was higher among black (7.9%) and Hispanic (6.6%) than white (4.9%) students and higher among black male (8.9%) and Hispanic male (8.4%) than white male (5.4%) students. The prevalence of having been threatened or injured with a weapon on school property was higher among 9th-grade (7.2%) than 11th-grade (5.5%) students, higher among 9th-grade (7.2%) and 10th-grade (6.2%) than 12th-grade (4.4%) students, higher among 9th-grade female (6.2%) and 10th-grade female (5.5%) than 11th-grade female (2.9%) students, and higher among 9th-grade female (6.2%) and 10th-grade female (5.5%) than 12th-grade female (3.2%) students.

During 1993–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having been threatened or injured with a weapon on school property (7.3%–6.0%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having been threatened or injured with a weapon on school property did not change significantly from 1993–2003 (7.3%–9.2%) and then decreased during 2003–2015 (9.2%–6.0%). The prevalence of having been threatened or injured with a weapon on school property did not change significantly from 2013 (6.9%) to 2015 (6.0%).

Across 30 states, the prevalence of having been threatened or injured with a weapon ranged from 4.1% to 10.6% (median: 6.6%) (Table 12). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 4.3% to 13.9% (median: 6.8%).

In a Physical Fight

Nationwide, 22.6% of students had been in a physical fight one or more times during the 12 months before the survey ( Table 13). The prevalence of having been in a physical fight was higher among male (28.4%) than female (16.5%) students; higher among white male (26.6%), black male (38.6%), and Hispanic male (27.3%) than white female (13.5%), black female (25.4%), and Hispanic female (18.6%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (32.5%), 10th-grade male (29.4%), 11th-grade male (27.1%), and 12th-grade male (22.9%) than 9th-grade female (22.6%), 10th-grade female (17.6%), 11th-grade female (12.8%), and 12th-grade female (12.0%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having been in a physical fight was higher among black (32.4%) than white (20.1%) and Hispanic (23.0%) students, higher among black female (25.4%) and Hispanic female (18.6%) than white female (13.5%) students, higher among black female (25.4%) than His panic female (18.6%) students, and higher among black male (38.6%) than white male (26.6%) and Hispanic male (27.3%) students. The prevalence of having been in a physical fight was higher among 9th-grade (27.9%) than 10th-grade (23.4%), 11th-grade (20.5%), and 12th-grade (17.4%) students; higher among 10th-grade (23.4%) than 11th-grade (20.5%) and 12th-grade (17.4%) students; higher among 9th-grade female (22.6%) than 10th-grade female (17.6%), 11th-grade female (12.8%), and 12th-grade female (12.0%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (17.6%) than 11th-grade female (12.8%) and 12th-grade female (12.0%) students; and higher among 9th-grade male (32.5%) and 10th-grade male (29.4%) than 12th-grade male (22.9%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred in the prevalence of having been in a physical fight (42.5%–22.6%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having been in a physical fight decreased during 1991–2011 (42.5%–32.8%) and then decreased more gradually during 2011–2015 (32.8%–22.6%). The prevalence of having been in a physical fight did not change significantly from 2013 (24.7%) to 2015 (22.6%).

Across 31 states, the prevalence of having been in a physical fight ranged from 14.9% to 27.3% (median: 20.6%) ( Table 14). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 13.9% to 42.5% (median: 22.8%).

Injured in a Physical Fight

During the 12 months before the survey, 2.9% of students nationwide had been in a physical fight one or more times in which they were injured and had to be treated by a doctor or nurse (Table 13). The prevalence of having been injured in a physical fight was higher among male (3.7%) than female (1.8%) students; higher among white male (2.8%) than white female (0.9%) students; and higher among 10th-grade male (3.3%), 11th-grade male (4.3%), and 12th-grade male (3.5%) than 10th-grade female (1.4%), 11th-grade female (1.5%), and 12th-grade female (1.4%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having been injured in a physical fight was higher among black (4.7%) and Hispanic (3.8%) than white (1.9%) students, higher among black female (3.4%) and Hispanic female (3.0%) than white female (0.9%) students, and higher among black male (5.8%) than white male (2.8%) students. The prevalence of having been injured in a physical fight was highe r among 9th-grade female (2.5%) than 12th-grade female (1.4%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having been injured in a physical fight (4.4%–2.9%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having been injured in a physical fight did not change significantly from 2013 (3.1%) to 2015 (2.9%).

Across 29 states, the prevalence of having been injured in a physical fight ranged from 1.9% to 6.5% (median: 2.8%) (Table 14). Across 14 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 2.2% to 9.4% (median: 3.5%).

In a Physical Fight on School Property

Nationwide, 7.8% of students had been in a physical fight on school property one or more times during the 12 months before the survey ( Table 15). The prevalence of having been in a physical fight on school property was higher among male (10.3%) than female (5.0%) students; higher among white male (8.0%), black male (15.4%), and Hispanic male (10.7%) than white female (3.2%), black female (9.4%), and Hispanic female (7.1%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (14.7%), 10th-grade male (10.0%), 11th-grade male (8.3%), and 12th-grade male (6.4%) than 9th-grade female (8.2%), 10th-grade female (4.6%), 11th-grade female (4.1%), and 12th-grade female (2.5%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having been in a physical fight on school property was higher among black (12.6%) and Hispanic (8.9%) than white (5.6%) students, higher among black female (9.4%) and Hispanic female (7.1%) than white female (3.2%) students, an d higher among black male (15.4%) than white male (8.0%) students. The prevalence of having been in a physical fight on school property was higher among 9th-grade (11.6%) than 10th-grade (7.3%), 11th-grade (6.5%), and 12th-grade (4.5%) students; higher among 10th-grade (7.3%) and 11th-grade (6.5%) than 12th-grade (4.5%) students; higher among 9th-grade female (8.2%) than 10th-grade female (4.6%), 11th-grade female (4.1%), and 12th-grade female (2.5%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (4.6% that 12th-grade female (2.5%) students; higher among 9th-grade male (14.7%) than 10th-grade male (10.0%), 11th-grade male (8.3%), and 12th-grade male (6.4%) students; and higher among 10th-grade male (10.0%) than 12th-grade male (6.4%) students.

During 1993–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having been in a physical fight on school property (16.2%–7.8%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having been in a physical fight on school property decreased during 1993–2011 (16.2%–12.0%) and then decreased more gradually from 2011–2015 (12.0%–7.8%). The prevalence of having been in a physical fight on school property did not change significantly from 2013 (8.1%) to 2015 (7.8%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of having been in a physical fight on school property ranged from 4.9% to 12.2% (median: 7.2%) ( Table 16). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 5.7% to 17.5% (median: 8.1%).

Did Not Go to School Because of Safety Concerns

Nationwide, 5.6% of students had not gone to school on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey because they felt they would be unsafe at school or on their way to or from school (i.e., did not go to school because of safety concerns) (Table 15). The prevalence of having not gone to school because of safety concerns was higher among female (6.0%) than male (5.0%) students; higher among white female (5.4%) than white male (2.9%) students; and higher among 9th-grade female (7.7%) and 10th-grade female (6.3%) than 9th-grade male (4.9%) and 10th-grade male (4.4%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having not gone to school because of safety concerns was higher among black (6.8%) and Hispanic (7.6%) than white (4.2%) students and higher among black male (6.9%) and Hispanic male (7.6%) than white male (2.9%) students. The prevalence of having not gone to school because of safety concerns was higher among 9th-grade (6.4%) than 11th-grade (4.6%) students and higher among 9th-grade female (7.7%) than 11th-grade female (5.3%) and 12th-grade female (4.3%) students.

During 1993–2015, a significant linear increase occurred overall in the prevalence of having not gone to school because of safety concerns (4.4%–5.6%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having not gone to school because of safety concerns decreased significantly from 2013 (7.1%) to 2015 (5.6%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of having not gone to school because of safety concerns ranged from 4.3% to 11.5% (median: 6.2%) (Table 16). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 4.5% to 12.8% (median: 9.1%).

Electronically Bullied

Nationwide, 15.5% of students had been electronically bullied, counting being bullied through e-mail, chat rooms, instant messaging, websites, or texting, during the 12 months before the survey ( Table 17). The prevalence of having been electronically bullied was higher among female (21.7%) than male (9.7%) students; higher among white female (26.0%), black female (11.9%), and Hispanic female (16.7%) than white male (10.8%), black male (5.6%), and Hispanic male (8.1%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (22.7%), 10th-grade female (23.2%), 11th-grade female (21.4%), and 12th-grade female (19.5%) than 9th-grade male (11.0%), 10th-grade male (9.9%), 11th-grade male (8.4%), and 12th-grade male (9.2%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having been electronically bullied was higher among white (18.4%) and Hispanic (12.4%) than black (8.6%) students, higher among white (18.4%) than Hispanic (12.4%) students, high er among white female (26.0%) and Hispanic female (16.7%) than black female (11.9%) students, higher among white female (26.0%) than Hispanic female (16.7%) students, and higher among white male (10.8%) than black male (5.6%) and Hispanic male (8.1%) students. The prevalence of having been electronically bullied was higher among 10th-grade (16.6%) than 12th-grade (14.3%) students and higher among 10th-grade female (23.2%) than 12th-grade female (19.5%) students.

During 2011–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of having been electronically bullied. The prevalence of having been electronically bullied did not change significantly from 2013 (14.8%) to 2015 (15.5%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of having been electronically bullied ranged from 11.6% to 21.1% (median: 15.4%) ( Table 18). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 7.9% to 16.3% (median: 11.2%).

Bullied on School Property

Nationwide, 20.2% of students had been bullied on school property during the 12 months before the survey (Table 17). The prevalence of having been bullied on school property was higher among female (24.8%) than male (15.8%) students; higher among white female (29.1%), black female (15.1%), and Hispanic female (19.3%) than white male (18.1%), black male (11.2%), and Hispanic male (13.7%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (29.0%), 10th-grade female (25.5%), 11th-grade female (24.2%), and 12th-grade female (19.8%) than 9th-grade male (18.3%), 10th-grade male (16.1%), 11th-grade male (16.4%), and 12th-grade male (12.1%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having been bullied on school property was higher among white (23.5%) than black (13.2%) and Hispanic (16.5%) students, higher among white female (29.1%) than black female (15.1%) and Hispanic female (19.3%) students, and higher among white male (18.1%) tha n black male (11.2%) and Hispanic male (13.7%) students. The prevalence of having been bullied on school property was higher among 9th-grade (23.4%), 10th-grade (20.8%), and 11th-grade (20.3%) than 12th-grade (15.9%) students; higher among 9th-grade female (29.0%) than 11th-grade female (24.2%) students; higher among 9th-grade female (29.0%), 10th-grade female (25.5%), and 11th-grade female (24.2%) than 12th-grade female (19.8%) students; and higher among 9th-grade male (18.3%), 10th-grade male (16.1%), and 11th-grade male (16.4%) than 12th-grade male (12.1%) students.

During 2009–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of having been bullied on school property. The prevalence of having been bullied on school property did not change significantly from 2013 (19.6%) to 2015 (20.2%).

Across 35 states, the prevalence of having been bullied on school property ranged from 15.0% to 26.3% (median: 19.9%) (Table 18). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 11.3% to 20.2% (median: 14.6%).

Forced to Have Sexual Intercourse

Nationwide, 6.7% of students had ever been physically forced to have sexual intercourse when they did not want to ( Table 19). The prevalence of having been forced to have sexual intercourse was higher among female (10.3%) than male (3.1%) students; higher among white female (9.9%), black female (10.3%), and Hispanic female (10.1%) than white male (2.0%), black male (4.4%), and Hispanic male (4.0%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (9.4%), 10th-grade female (7.9%), 11th-grade female (12.0%), and 12th-grade female (11.9%) than 9th-grade male (2.1%), 10th-grade male (3.9%), 11th-grade male (2.8%), and 12th-grade male (3.5%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having been forced to have sexual intercourse was higher among black male (4.4%) and Hispanic male (4.0%) than white male (2.0%) students. The prevalence of having been forced to have sexual intercourse was higher among 11th-grade (7.6%) and 12th-grade (7.6%) than 9th-grade (5.6%) students, higher among 12th-grade (7.6%) than 10th-grade (5.9%) students, higher among 11th-grade female (12.0%) and 12th-grade female (11.9%) than 10th-grade female (7.9%) students, and higher among 10th-grade male (3.9%) and 12th-grade male (3.5%) than 9th-grade male (2.1%) students.

During 2001–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having been forced to have sexual intercourse (7.7%–6.7%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having been forced to have sexual intercourse did not change significantly from 2013 (7.3%) to 2015 (6.7%).

Across 34 states, the prevalence of having been physically forced to have sexual intercourse ranged from 5.1% to 11.7% (median: 7.9%) ( Table 20). Across 17 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 5.5% to 12.6% (median: 8.2%).

Physical Dating Violence

Among the 68.6% of students nationwide who dated or went out with someone during the 12 months before the survey,¶¶ 9.6% had been physically hurt on purpose (counting hit, slammed into something, or injured with an object or weapon) by someone they were dating or going out with one or more times during the 12 months before the survey (i.e., physical dating violence) ( Table 21). The prevalence of physical dating violence was higher among female (11.7%) than male (7.4%) students; higher among white female (11.9%) and Hispanic female (11.4%) than white male (5.9%) and Hispanic male (8.0%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (11.1%), 11th-grade female (11.6%), and 12th-grade female (12.9%) than 9th-grade male (5.3%), 11th-grade male (7.9%), and 12th-grade male (8.2%) students, respectively. The prevalence of physical dating violence was higher among 11th- grade (10.1%) than 9th-grade (8.1%) students and higher among 11th-grade male (7.9%) and 12th-grade male (8.2%) than 9th-grade male (5.3%) students.

Because of changes in the question and response options starting in 2013, long-term temporal trends are not available for the prevalence of physical dating violence. The prevalence of physical dating violence did not change significantly from 2013 (10.3%) to 2015 (9.6%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of physical dating violence ranged from 6.7% to 14.6% (median: 9.0%) ( Table 22). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 6.4% to 12.7% (median: 10.1%).

Sexual Dating Violence

Among the 69.1% of students nationwide who dated or went out with someone during the 12 months before the survey,¶¶ 10.6% of students had been forced to do sexual things (counting being kissed, touched, or physically forced to have sexual intercourse) they did not want to do by someone they were dating or going out with one or more times during the 12 months before the survey (i.e., sexual dating violence) (Table 21). The prevalence of sexual dating violence was higher among female (15.6%) than male (5.4%) students; higher among white female (16.6%) and Hispanic female (14.2%) than white male (3.5%) and Hispanic male (7.0%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (17.6%), 10th-grade female (15.8%), 11th-grade female (14.9%), and 12th-grade female (13.9%) than 9th-grade male (4.5%), 10th-grade male (7.4%), 11th-grade male (5.1%), and 12th-grade male (4.6%) students, respectively. The prevalence of sexual dating violence was higher among black male (8.0%) and Hispanic male (7.0%) than white male (3.5%) students. The prevalence of sexual dating violence was higher among 10th-grade (11.8%) than 12th-grade (9.2%) students and higher among 10th-grade male (7.4%) than 9th-grade male (4.5%) and 12th-grade male (4.6%) students.

Because of changes in the question and response options starting in 2013, long-term temporal trends are not available for the prevalence of sexual dating violence. The prevalence of sexual dating violence did not change significantly from 2013 (10.4%) to 2015 (10.6%).

Across 30 states, the prevalence of sexual dating violence ranged from 7.5% to 14.7% (median: 10.1%) (Table 22). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 6.8% to 14.4% (median: 10.5%).

Felt Sad or Hopeless

During the 12 months before the survey, 29.9% of students nationwide had felt so sad or hopeless almost every day for 2 or more weeks in a row that they stopped doing some usual activities ( Table 23). The prevalence of having felt sad or hopeless was higher among female (39.8%) than male (20.3%) students; higher among white female (37.9%), black female (33.9%), and Hispanic female (46.7%) than white male (19.2%), black male (17.6%), and Hispanic male (24.3%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (41.5%), 10th-grade female (40.1%), 11th-grade female (40.9%), and 12th-grade female (36.3%) than 9th-grade male (16.7%), 10th-grade male (19.2%), 11th-grade male (22.1%), and 12th-grade male (23.9%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having felt sad or hopeless was higher among Hispanic (35.3%) than white (28.6%) and black (25.2%) students, higher among Hispanic female (46.7%) than white female (37.9%) and black female (33.9%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (24.3%) than white male (19.2%) and black male (17.6%) students. The prevalence of having felt sad or hopeless was higher among 9th-grade female (41.5%) and 11th-grade female (40.9%) than 12th-grade female (36.3%) students, higher among 11th-grade male (23.9%) than 10th-grade male (19.2%) students.

During 1999–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of having felt sad or hopeless. The prevalence of having felt sad or hopeless did not change significantly from 2013 (29.9%) to 2015 (29.9%).

Across 37 states, the prevalence of having felt sad or hopeless ranged from 24.1% to 34.2% (median: 28.9%) ( Table 24). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 24.9% to 36.0% (median: 29.8%).

Seriously Considered Attempting Suicide

Nationwide, 17.7% of students had seriously considered attempting suicide during the 12 months before the survey ( Table 25). The prevalence of having seriously considered attempting suicide was higher among female (23.4%) than male (12.2%) students; higher among white female (22.8%), black female (18.7%), and Hispanic female (25.6%) than white male (11.5%), black male (11.0%), and Hispanic male (12.4%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (26.5%), 10th-grade female (25.7%), 11th-grade female (22.1%), and 12th-grade female (18.6%) than 9th-grade male (10.7%), 10th-grade male (10.8%), 11th-grade male (13.3%), and 12th-grade male (14.0%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having seriously considered attempting suicide was higher among Hispanic (18.8%) than black (14.5%) students and higher among Hispanic female (25.6%) than black female (18.7%) students. The prevalence of having seriously considered attempting suicide was higher among 9th-grade female (26.5%) and 10th-grade female (25.7%) than 11th-grade female (22.1%) students and 12th-grade female (22.1%) students and higher among 11th-grade male (13.3%) and 12th-grade male (14.0%) than 10th-grade male (10.8%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having seriously considered attempting suicide (29.0%–17.7%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having seriously considered attempting suicide decreased during 1991–2009 (29.0%–13.8%) and then increased during 2009–2015 (13.8%–17.7%). The prevalence of having seriously considered attempting suicide did not change significantly from 2013 (17.0%) to 2015 (17.7%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of having seriously considered attempting suicide ranged from 13.4% to 20.3% (median: 16.0%) ( Table 26). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 10.7% to 19.7% (median: 15.1%).

Made a Suicide Plan

During the 12 months before the survey, 14.6% of students nationwide had made a plan about how they would attempt suicide (Table 25). The prevalence of having made a suicide plan was higher among female (19.4%) than male (9.8%) students; higher among white female (18.4%), black female (17.3%), and Hispanic female (20.7%) than white male (9.3%), black male (10.6%), and Hispanic male (10.9%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (22.5%), 10th-grade female (21.6%), 11th-grade female (17.2%), and 12th-grade female (15.7%) than 9th-grade male (8.1%), 10th-grade male (9.2%), 11th-grade male (10.4%), and 12th-grade male (12.0%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having made a suicide plan was higher among 9th-grade female (22.5%) and 10th-grade female (21.6%) than 11th-grade female (17.2%) and 12th-grade female (15.7%) students, higher among 11th-grade male (10.4%) and 12th-grade male (12.0%) than 9th-grade male (8.1%) students, and higher among 12th-grade male (12.0%) than 10th-grade male (9.2%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having made a suicide plan (18.6%–14.6%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having made a suicide plan decreased during 1991–2009 (18.6%–10.9%) and then increased during 2009–2015 (10.9%–14.6%). The prevalence of having made a suicide plan did not change significantly from 2013 (13.6%) to 2015 (14.6%).

Across 34 states, the prevalence of having made a suicide plan ranged from 11.0% to 18.2% (median: 14.3%) (Table 26). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 8.7% to 19.3% (median: 13.8%).

Attempted Suicide

Nationwide, 8.6% of students had attempted suicide one or more times during the 12 months before the survey ( Table 27). The prevalence of having attempted suicide was higher among female (11.6%) than male (5.5%) students; higher among white female (9.8%) and Hispanic female (15.1%) than white male (3.7%) and Hispanic male (7.6%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (15.1%), 10th-grade female (13.0%), and 11th-grade female (10.2%) than 9th-grade male (5.1%), 10th-grade male (5.7%), and 11th-grade male (5.8%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having attempted suicide was higher among Hispanic (11.3%) than white (6.8%) students, higher among Hispanic female (15.1%) than white female (9.8%) and black female (10.2%) students, and higher among black male (7.2%) and Hispanic male (7.6%) than white male (3.7%) students. The prevalence of having attempted suicide was higher among 9th-grade (9.9%) than 11th-grade ( 8.0%) students; higher among 9th-grade (9.9%) and 10th-grade (9.4%) than 12th-grade (6.2%) students; higher among 9th-grade female (15.1%) than 11th-grade female (10.2%) students; and higher among 9th-grade female (15.1%), 10th-grade female (13.0%), and 11th-grade female (10.2%) than 12th-grade female (7.2%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having attempted suicide (7.3%–8.6%).*** A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence having attempted suicide did not change significantly from 2013 (8.0%) to 2015 (8.6%).

Across 35 states, the prevalence of having attempted suicide ranged from 5.9% to 12.7% (median: 9.6%) ( Table 28). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 6.4% to 20.7% (median: 9.9%).

Suicide Attempt Treated by a Doctor or Nurse

During the 12 months before the survey, 2.8% of students nationwide had made a suicide attempt that resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse (Table 27). The prevalence of having made a suicide attempt that resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse was higher among female (3.7%) than male (1.9%) students; higher among white female (3.4%) and Hispanic female (4.5%) than white male (0.9%) and Hispanic male (2.9%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (4.7%) than 9th-grade male (1.9%) students. The prevalence of having made a suicide attempt that resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse was higher among Hispanic (3.7%) than white (2.1%) students and higher among black male (4.0%) and Hispanic male (2.9%) than white male (0.9%) students. The prevalence of having made a suicide attempt that resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse was higher among 9th-grade (3.2%) and 10th-grade (3.1%) than 12th-grade (1.9%) students and higher among 9th-grade female (4.7%) and 10th-grade female (3.9%) than 12th-grade female (2.3%) students.

During 1991–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of having made a suicide attempt that resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse. The prevalence of having made a suicide attempt that resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse did not change significantly from 2013 (2.7%) to 2015 (2.8%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of having made a suicide attempt that resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse ranged from 1.9% to 9.3% (median: 3.2%) (Table 28). Across 17 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 1.9% to 7.4% (median: 3.5%).

Tobacco Use

Ever Tried Cigarette Smoking

Nationwide, 32.3% of students had ever tried cigarette smoking (even one or two puffs) (i.e., ever tried cigarette smoking) ( Table 29). The prevalence of having ever tried cigarette smoking was higher among Hispanic male (37.8%) than Hispanic female (32.7%) students and higher among 11th-grade male (40.5%) than 11th-grade female (34.4%) students. The prevalence of having ever tried cigarette smoking was higher among Hispanic male (37.8%) than white male (33.2%) and black male (30.6%) students. The prevalence of having ever tried cigarette smoking was higher among 11th-grade (37.5%) and 12th-grade (38.3%) than 9th-grade (25.1%) students and 10th-grade (29.1%) students, higher among 11th-grade female (34.4%) and 12th-grade female (36.3%) than 9th-grade female (24.5%) and 10th-grade female (28.2%) students, and higher among 11th-grade male (40.5%) and 12th-grade male (40.4%) than 9th-grade male (25.8%) and 10th-grade male (30.0%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having ever tried cigarette smoking (70.1%–32.3%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having ever tried cigarette smoking did not change significantly during 1991–1999 (70.1%–70.4%) and then decreased during 1999–2015 (70.4%–32.3%). The prevalence of having ever tried cigarette smoking also decreased significantly from 2013 (41.1%) to 2015 (32.3%).

Across 31 states, the prevalence of having ever tried cigarette smoking ranged from 22.4% to 47.3% (median: 34.5%) ( Table 30). Across 15 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 21.4% to 34.4% (median: 26.4%).

Smoked a Whole Cigarette Before Age 13 Years

Nationwide, 6.6% of students had smoked a whole cigarette for the first time before age 13 years (Table 29). The prevalence of having smoked a whole cigarette before age 13 years was higher among male (8.0%) than female (5.0%) students; higher among black male (10.1%) and Hispanic male (9.2%) than black female (3.8%) and Hispanic female (4.9%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (8.2%), 10th-grade male (9.1%), 11th-grade male (6.8%), and 12th-grade male (7.3%) than 9th-grade female (6.1%), 10th-grade female (6.0%), 11th-grade female (4.5%), and 12th-grade female (3.0%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having smoked a whole cigarette before age 13 years was higher among black male (10.1%) and Hispanic male (9.2%) than white male (6.6%) students. The prevalence of having smoked a whole cigarette before age 13 years was higher among 10th-grade (7.6%) than 11th-grade (5.6%) and 12th-grade (5.2%) students and higher among 9th-grade female (6.1%), 10th-grade female (6.0%), and 11th-grade female (4.5%) than 12th-grade female (3.0%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having smoked a whole cigarette before age 13 years (23.8%–6.6%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having smoked a whole cigarette before age 13 years did not change significantly during 1991–1999 (23.8%–24.7%) and then decreased during 1999–2015 (24.7%–6.6%). The prevalence of having smoked a whole cigarette before age 13 years also decreased significantly from 2013 (9.3%) to 2015 (6.6%).

Across 35 states, the prevalence of having smoked a whole cigarette before age 13 years ranged from 4.3% to 13.1% (median: 7.8%) (Table 30). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 3.8% to 13.7% (median: 5.8%).

Current Cigarette Use

Nationwide, 10.8% of students had smoked cigarettes on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey (i.e., current cigarette use) ( Table 31). The prevalence of current cigarette use was higher among male (11.8%) than female (9.7%) students; higher among black male (9.1%) and Hispanic male (11.3%) than black female (3.7%) and Hispanic female (7.1%) students, respectively; and higher among 11th-grade male (15.8%) than 11th-grade female (10.1%) students. The prevalence of current cigarette use was higher among white (12.4%) and Hispanic (9.2%) than black (6.5%) students, higher among white (12.4%) than Hispanic (9.2%) students, higher among white female (12.2%) and Hispanic female (7.1%) than black female (3.7%) students, and higher among white female (12.2%) and Hispanic female (7.1%) students. The prevalence of current cigarette use was higher among 11th-grade (13.1%) and 12th-grade (14.1%) than 9th-grade (7.6%) and 10th-grade (8.8%) students, higher among 11th-grade female (10.1%) than 9th-grade female (6.7%) students; higher among 12th-grade female (13.3%) than 9th-grade female (6.7%), 10th-grade female (9.1%), and 11th grade female (10.1%) students; and higher among 11th-grade male (15.8%) and 12th-grade male (15.0%) than 9th-grade male (8.3%) and 10th-grade male (8.5%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of current cigarette use (27.5%–10.8%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of current cigarette use increased during 1991–1997 (27.5%–36.4%) and then decreased during 1997–2015 (36.4%–10.8%). The prevalence of current cigarette use also decreased significantly from 2013 (15.7%) to 2015 (10.8%).

Across 37 states, the prevalence of current cigarette use ranged from 4.8% to 18.8% (median: 10.8%) ( Table 32). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 4.2% to 9.0% (median: 5.8%).

Current Frequent Cigarette Use

Nationwide, 3.4% of students had smoked cigarettes 20 or more days during the 30 days before the survey (i.e., current frequent cigarette use) (Table 31). The prevalence of current frequent cigarette use was higher among white (4.0%) than black (1.8%) and Hispanic (2.1%) students, higher among white female (4.4%) and Hispanic female (2.1%) than black female (0.8%) students, higher among white female (4.4%) than Hispanic female (2.1%) students, and higher among white male (3.6%) than Hispanic male (2.2%) students. The prevalence of current frequent cigarette use was higher among 12th-grade (5.1%) than 9th-grade (2.2%), 10th-grade (2.9%), and 11th-grade (3.2%) students; higher among 12th-grade female (4.9%) than 9th-grade female (2.5%) and 10th-grade female (2.7%) students; higher among 11th-grade male (3.5%) and 12th-grade male (5.4%) than 9th-grade male (1.9%) students; and higher among 12th-grade male (5.4%) than 10th-grade male (3. 1%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of current frequent cigarette use (12.7%–3.4%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of current frequent cigarette use increased during 1991–1999 (12.7%–16.8%) and then decreased during 1999–2015 (16.8%–3.4%). The prevalence of current frequent cigarette use also decreased significantly from 2013 (5.6%) to 2015 (3.4%).

Across 37 states, the prevalence of current frequent cigarette use ranged from 1.5% to 7.4% (median: 3.6%) (Table 32). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 0.6% to 2.0% (median: 1.3%).

Smoked More Than 10 Cigarettes per Day

Among the 10.8% of students nationwide who currently smoked cigarettes, 7.9% of students had smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day on the days they smoked during the 30 days before the survey ( Table 33). The prevalence of having smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day was higher among 10th-grade (10.4%) and 12th-grade (9.1%) than 11th-grade (3.4%) students, higher among 10th-grade male (14.7%) than 9th-grade male (5.1%) students, and higher among 10th-grade male (14.7%) and 12th-grade male (12.5%) than 11th-grade male (3.6%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day (18.0%–7.9%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day did not change significantly from 2013 (8.6%) to 2015 (7.9%).

Across 30 states, the prevalence of having smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day ranged from 2.0% to 14.6% (median: 8.3%) ( Table 34). Across 12 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 0.9% to 12.8% (median: 8.2%).

Currently Smoked Cigarettes Daily

Nationwide, 2.3% of students had smoked cigarettes on all 30 days during the 30 days before the survey (i.e., currently smoked cigarettes daily) (Table 33). The prevalence of having currently smoked cigarettes daily was higher among black male (2.4%) than black female (0.4%) students and higher among 10th-grade male (2.7%) than 10th-grade female (1.4%) students. The prevalence of having currently smoked cigarettes daily was higher among white (2.8%) than black (1.4%) and Hispanic (1.6%) students, higher among white female (3.1%) and Hispanic female (1.4%) than black female (0.4%) students, and higher among white female (3.1%) than Hispanic female (1.4%) students. The prevalence of having currently smoked cigarettes daily was higher among 12th-grade (3.4%) than 9th-grade (1.7%), 10th-grade (2.1%), and 11th-grade (1.9%) students; higher among 12th-grade female (3.5%) than 10th-grade female (1.4%) students; and higher among 12th-grade male (3.2%) than 9th-grade male (1.6%) and 11th-grade male (1.8%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having currently smoked cigarettes daily (9.8%–2.3%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having currently smoked cigarettes daily increased during 1991–1999 (9.8%–12.8%) and then decreased during 1999–2015 (12.8%–2.3%). The prevalence of having currently smoked cigarettes daily also decreased significantly from 2013 (4.0%) to 2015 (2.3%).

Across 37 states, the prevalence of having currently smoked cigarettes daily ranged from 1.0% to 5.4% (median: 2.6%) (Table 34). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 0.3% to 1.6% (median: 0.9%).

Bought Cigarettes in a Store or Gas Station

Among the 8.5% of students who currently smoked cigarettes and were aged <18 years, 12.6% had usually obtained their own cigarettes by buying them in a store (e.g., convenience store, supermarket, or discount store) or gas station during the 30 days before the survey ( Table 35). The prevalence of usually obtaining their own cigarettes by buying them in a store or gas station was higher among male (16.5%) than female (7.7%) students; higher among white male (12.8%) and Hispanic male (21.9%) than white female (6.6%) and Hispanic female (9.8%) students, respectively; and higher among 11th-grade male (27.1%) than 11th-grade female (8.8%) students. The prevalence of usually obtaining their own cigarettes by buying them in a store or gas station was higher among Hispanic (17.5%) than white (9.7%) students and higher among Hispanic male (21.9%) than white male (12.8%) students. The prevalence of usually obtaining their own cigarettes by buying them in a store or gas station was higher among 11th-grade (20.2%) and 12th-grade (16.5%) than 9th-grade (6.3%) students and 10th-grade (6.1%) students and higher among 11th-grade male (27.1%) and 12th-grade male (22.8%) than 9th-grade male (6.2%) and 10th-grade male (6.7%) students.

During 2001–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of usually obtaining their own cigarettes by buying them in a store or gas station (19.0%–12.6%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of usually obtaining their own cigarettes by buying them in a store or gas station also decreased significantly from 2013 (18.1%) to 2015 (12.6%).

Across 28 states, the prevalence of usually obtaining their own cigarettes by buying them in a store or gas station ranged from 4.4% to 20.6% (median: 11.6%) ( Table 36). Across 5 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 14.9% to 64.5% (median: 22.5%).

Bought Cigarettes on the Internet

Among the 8.5% of students who currently smoked cigarettes and were aged <18 years, 1.0% had usually obtained their own cigarettes by buying them on the Internet during the 30 days before the survey (Table 35). Because the response option “I got them on the Internet” was included for the first time in 2015 in the question on usual source of cigarettes, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

Across 28 states, the prevalence of usually obtaining their own cigarettes by buying them on the Internet ranged from 0.0% to 6.0% (median: 1.1%) (Table 36). Across 5 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 1.7% to 5.9% (median: 2.4%).

Tried to Quit Smoking Cigarettes

Among the 10.8% of students nationwide who currently smoked cigarettes, 45.4% had tried to quit smoking cigarettes during the 12 months before the survey ( Table 37). The prevalence of having tried to quit smoking cigarettes was higher among female (52.8%) than male (39.7%) students; higher among white female (51.0%) than white male (37.9%) students; and higher among 11th-grade female (52.2%) and 12th-grade female (54.1%) than 11th-grade male (29.9%) and 12th-grade male (42.0%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having tried to quit smoking cigarettes was higher among 9th-grade (47.8%), 10th-grade (51.6%), and 12th-grade (47.7%) than 11th-grade (37.9%) students and higher among 9th-grade male (48.2%) and 12th-grade male (42.0%) than 11th-grade male (29.9%) students.

During 2001–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having tried to quit smoking cigarettes (57.4%–45.4%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having tried to quit smoking cigarettes did not change significantly from 2013 (48.0%) to 2015 (45.4%).

Across 29 states, the prevalence of having tried to quit smoking cigarettes ranged from 35.2% to 59.5% (median: 49.2%) ( Table 38). Across 9 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 35.7% to 81.8% (median: 46.9%).

Current Smokeless Tobacco Use

Nationwide, 7.3% of students had used smokeless tobacco (e.g., chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip) on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey (i.e., current smokeless tobacco use) ( Table 39). The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use was higher among male (11.9%) than female (2.3%) students; higher among white male (15.9%), black male (5.6%), and Hispanic male (6.4%) than white female (2.5%), black female (1.1%), and Hispanic female (2.5%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (8.8%), 10th-grade male (10.6%), 11th-grade male (15.0%), and 12th-grade male (13.1%) than 9th-grade female (2.4%), 10th-grade female (2.0%), 11th-grade female (2.9%), and 12th-grade female (1.7%) students, respectively. The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use was higher among white (9.3%) than black (3.7%) and Hispanic (4.5%) students, higher among white female (2.5%) and Hispanic female (2.5%) than black female (1.1%) s tudents, and higher among white male (15.9%) than black male (5.6%) and Hispanic male (6.4%) students. The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use was higher among 11th-grade (9.3%) than 9th-grade (5.9%) and 10th-grade (6.3%) students, higher among 11th-grade male (15.0%) and 12th-grade male (13.1%) than 9th-grade male (8.8%) students, and higher among 11th-grade male (15.0%) than 10th-grade male (10.6%) students.

During 1995–2015, a significant linear trend was not identified in the prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use. A significant quadratic trend was identified. The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use decreased during 1995–1999 (11.4%–7.8%) and then did not change significantly during 1999–2015 (7.8%–7.3%). The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use also did not change significantly from 2013 (8.8%) to 2015 (7.3%).

Across 34 states, the prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use ranged from 3.0% to 13.4% (median: 8.6%) ( Table 40). Across 15 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 2.4% to 7.8% (median: 3.7%).

Current Cigar Use

Nationwide, 10.3% of students had smoked cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey (i.e., current cigar use) (Table 39). The prevalence of current cigar use was higher among male (14.0%) than female (6.3%) students; higher among white male (14.8%), black male (12.9%), and Hispanic male (12.4%) than white female (6.0%), black female (8.5%), and Hispanic female (6.5%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (8.5%), 10th-grade male (12.5%), 11th-grade male (15.1%), and 12th-grade male (20.4%) than 9th-grade female (4.1%), 10th-grade female (6.6%), 11th-grade female (6.3%), and 12th-grade female (8.1%) students, respectively. The prevalence of current cigar use was higher among 10th-grade (9.6%), 11th-grade (11.0%), and 12th-grade (14.3%) than 9th-grade (6.6%) students; higher among 12th-grade (14.3%) than 10th-grade (9.6%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (6.6%), 11th-grade female (6.3%), and 12th-grade female (8.1%) than 9th-grade female (4.1%) students; higher among 10th-grade male (12.5%), 11th-grade male (15.1%), and 12th-grade male (20.4%) than 9th-grade male (8.5%) students; and higher among 12th-grade male (20.4%) than 10th-grade male (12.5%) students.

During 1997–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of current cigar use (22.0%–10.3%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of current cigar use decreased significantly from 2013 (12.6%) to 2015 (10.3%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of current cigar use ranged from 6.8% to 16.5% (median: 10.4%) (Table 40). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 4.4% to 14.9% (median: 9.1%).

Ever Used Electronic Vapor Products

Nationwide, 44.9% of students had ever used electronic vapor products (including e-cigarettes, e-cigars, e-pipes, vape pipes, vaping pens, e-hookahs, and hookah pens) (i.e., ever used electronic vapor products) ( Table 41). The prevalence of having ever used electronic vapor products was higher among 10th-grade male (45.3%) than 10th-grade female (41.2%) students. The prevalence of having ever used electronic vapor products was higher among Hispanic (51.9%) than white (43.2%) and black (42.4%) students, higher among Hispanic female (51.2%) than white female (42.3%) and black female (37.7%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (52.6%) than white male (44.0%) students. The prevalence of having ever used electronic vapor products was higher among 10th-grade (43.3%), 11th-grade (49.5%), and 12th-grade (50.9%) than 9th-grade (37.2%) students; higher among 11th-grade (49.5%) and 12th-grade (50.9%) than 10th-grade (43.3%) students; highe r among 11th-grade female (47.8%) and 12th-grade female (49.0%) than 9th-grade female (37.4%) and 10th-grade female (41.2%) students; higher among 10th-grade male (45.3%), 11th-grade male (51.1%), and 12th-grade male (52.6%) than 9th-grade male (37.0%) students; and higher among 11th-grade male (51.1%) than 10th-grade male (45.3%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of having ever used electronic vapor products was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

Across 31 states, the prevalence of having ever used electronic vapor products ranged from 30.4% to 54.4% (median: 42.9%) ( Table 42). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 32.2% to 49.9% (median: 39.9%).

Current Electronic Vapor Products Use

Nationwide, 24.1% of students had used electronic vapor products (including e-cigarettes, e-cigars, e-pipes, vape pipes, vaping pens, e-hookahs, and hookah pens) on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey (i.e., current electronic vapor product use) (Table 41). The prevalence of current electronic vapor product use was higher among male (25.6%) than female (22.6%) students, higher among black male (21.2%) than black female (14.5%) students, and higher among 12th-grade male (31.9%) than 12th-grade female (24.6%) students. The prevalence of current electronic vapor product use was higher among white (25.2%) and Hispanic (26.3%) than black (18.0%) students, higher among white female (24.2%) and Hispanic female (25.0%) than black female (14.5%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (27.4%) than black male (21.2%) students. The prevalence of current electronic vapor product use was higher among 11th-grade (25.9%) than 9th-g rade (19.7%) students; higher among 12th-grade (28.2%) than 9th-grade (19.7%), 10th-grade (23.2%), and 11th-grade (25.9%) students; higher among 11th-grade female (24.1%) and 12th-grade female (24.6%) than 9th-grade female (19.8%) students; higher among 10th-grade male (24.2%), 11th-grade male (27.4%), and 12th-grade male (31.9%) than 9th-grade male (19.6%) students; and higher among 12th-grade male (31.9%) than 10th-grade male (24.2%) and 11th-grade male (27.4%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of current electronic vapor product use was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

Across 35 states, the prevalence of current electronic vapor product use ranged from 15.3% to 31.2% (median: 23.5%) (Table 42). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 13.0% to 27.4% (median: 17.6%).

Current Cigarette or Cigar Use

Nationwide, 16.0% of students reported current cigarette or cigar use ( Table 43). The prevalence of current cigarette or cigar use was higher among male (19.0%) than female (12.7%) students; higher among white male (20.4%), black male (16.8%), and Hispanic male (16.5%) than white female (14.7%), black female (10.1%), and Hispanic female (9.7%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (12.3%), 11th-grade male (22.9%), and 12th-grade male (25.9%) than 9th-grade female (8.8%), 11th-grade female (13.0%), and 12th-grade female (17.2%) students, respectively. The prevalence of current cigarette or cigar use was higher among white (17.5%) than black (13.9%) and Hispanic (13.1%) students and higher among white female (14.7%) than black female (10.1%) and Hispanic female (9.7%) students. The prevalence of current cigarette or cigar use was higher among 11th-grade (18.3%) and 12th-grade (21.6%) than 9th-grade (10.7%) and 10th-gr ade (13.9%) students; higher among 11th-grade female (13.0%) than 9th-grade female (8.8%) students; higher among 12th-grade female (17.2%) than 9th-grade female (8.8%), 10th-grade female (12.2%), and 11th-grade female (13.0%) students; and higher among 11th-grade male (22.9%) and 12th-grade male (25.9%) than 9th-grade male (12.3%) and 10th-grade male (15.6%) students.

During 1997–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of current cigarette or cigar use (42.6%–16.0%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of current cigarette or cigar use decreased significantly from 2013 (21.0%) to 2015 (16.0%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of current cigarette or cigar use ranged from 10.7% to 24.8% (median: 15.7%) ( Table 44). Across 15 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 6.8% to 18.1% (median: 12.0%).

Current Cigarette, Cigar, or Smokeless Tobacco Use

Nationwide, 18.5% of students reported current cigarette, cigar, or smokeless tobacco use (Table 43). The prevalence of current cigarette, cigar, or smokeless tobacco use was higher among male (23.3%) than female (13.4%) students; higher among white male (26.7%), black male (18.6%), and Hispanic male (18.1%) than white female (15.6%), black female (10.3%), and Hispanic female (10.3%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (15.8%), 10th-grade male (19.6%), 11th-grade male (28.8%), and 12th-grade male (29.9%) than 9th-grade female (9.3%), 10th-grade female (12.6%), 11th-grade female (14.2%), and 12th-grade female (17.9%) students, respectively. The prevalence of current cigarette, cigar, or smokeless tobacco use was higher among white (21.2%) than black (14.9%) and Hispanic (14.2%) students, higher among white female (15.6%) than black female (10.3%) and Hispanic female (10.3%) students, and higher among white male (26 .7%) than black male (18.6%) and Hispanic male (18.1%) students. The prevalence of current cigarette, cigar, or smokeless tobacco use was higher among 11th-grade (21.9%) and 12th-grade (23.9%) than 9th-grade (12.8%) and 10th-grade (16.1%) students; higher among 11th-grade female (14.2%) than 9th-grade female (9.3%) students; higher among 12th-grade female (17.9%) than 9th-grade female (9.3%), 10th-grade female (12.6%), and 11th-grade female (14.2%) students; and higher among 11th-grade male (28.8%) and 12th-grade male (29.9%) than 9th-grade male (15.8%) and 10th-grade male (19.6%) students.

During 1997–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred in the prevalence of current cigarette, cigar, or smokeless tobacco use (44.5%–18.5%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of current cigarette, cigar, or smokeless tobacco use decreased significantly from 2013 (24.0%) to 2015 (18.5%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of current cigarette, cigar, or smokeless tobacco use ranged from 11.9% to 29.2% (median: 19.7%) (Table 44). Across 15 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 7.5% to 20.4% (median: 12.8%).

Current Cigarette, Cigar, Smokeless Tobacco, or Electronic Vapor Product Use

Nationwide, 31.4% of students reported current cigarette, cigar, smokeless tobacco, or electronic vapor product use ( Table 45). The prevalence of current cigarette, cigar, smokeless tobacco, or electronic vapor product use was higher among male (34.9%) than female (27.7%) students; higher among white male (36.6%), black male (30.6%), and Hispanic male (34.2%) than white female (29.4%), black female (21.2%), and Hispanic female (29.4%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (26.9%), 10th-grade male (31.7%), 11th-grade male (39.4%), and 12th-grade male (43.0%) than 9th-grade female (23.0%), 10th-grade female (26.3%), 11th-grade female (30.0%), and 12th-grade female (32.2%) students, respectively. The prevalence of current cigarette, cigar, smokeless tobacco, or electronic vapor product use was higher among white (32.9%) and Hispanic (31.8%) than black (26.3%) students, higher among white female (29.4%) and Hispanic female (29.4%) than black female (21.2%) students, and higher among white male (36.6%) than black male (30.6%) students. The prevalence of current cigarette, cigar, smokeless tobacco, or electronic vapor product use was higher among 11th-grade (34.9%) and 12th-grade (37.5%) than 9th-grade (25.1%) and 10th-grade (28.9%) students, higher among 11th-grade female (30.0%) and 12th-grade female (32.2%) than 9th-grade female (23.0%) students, higher among 12th-grade female (32.2%) than 10th-grade female (26.3%) students, and higher among 11th-grade male (39.4%) and 12th-grade male (43.0%) than 9th-grade male (26.9%) and 10th-grade male (31.7%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of current electronic vapor product use was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available for current cigarette, cigar, smokeless tobacco, or electronic vapor product use.

Across 33 states, the prevalence of current cigarette, cigar, smokeless tobacco, or electronic vapor product use ranged from 22.7% to 40.8% (median: 30.9%) ( Table 46). Across 15 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 19.9% to 34.3% (median: 25.5%).

Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Ever Drank Alcohol

Nationwide, 63.2% of students had had at least one drink of alcohol on at least 1 day during their life (i.e., ever drank alcohol) ( Table 47). The prevalence of having ever drunk alcohol was higher among female (65.3%) than male (61.4%) students; higher among black female (57.9%) and Hispanic female (68.6%) than black male (51.0%) and Hispanic male (63.4%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (53.0%) than 9th-grade male (48.9%) students. The prevalence of having ever drunk alcohol was higher among white (65.3%) and Hispanic (65.9%) than black (54.4%) students, higher among white female (66.7%) and Hispanic female (68.6%) than black female (57.9%) students, and higher among white male (64.0%) and Hispanic male (63.4%) than black male (51.0%) students. The prevalence of having ever drunk alcohol was higher among 10th-grade (60.8%), 11th-grade (70.3%), and 12th-grade (73.3%) than 9th-grade (50.8%) students; higher a mong 11th-grade (70.3%) and 12th-grade (73.3%) than 10th-grade (60.8%) students; higher among 11th-grade female (72.1%) and 12th-grade female (75.2%) than 9th-grade female (53.0%) and 10th-grade female (62.7%) students; higher among 10th-grade male (58.8%), 11th-grade male (68.7%), and 12th-grade male (71.5%) than 9th-grade male (48.9%) students; and higher among 11th-grade male (68.7%) and 12th-grade male (71.5%) than 10th-grade male (58.8%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence having ever drunk alcohol (81.6%–63.2%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having ever drunk alcohol decreased during 1991–2007 (81.6%–75.0%) and then decreased more rapidly during 2007–2015 (75.0%–63.2%). The prevalence of having ever drunk alcohol did not change significantly from 2013 (66.2%) to 2015 (63.2%).

Across 26 states, the prevalence of having ever drunk alcohol ranged from 50.7% to 69.9% (median: 59.8%) ( Table 48). Across 17 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 43.5% to 62.8% (median: 56.1%).

Drank Alcohol Before Age 13 Years

Nationwide, 17.2% of students had drunk alcohol (other than a few sips) for the first time before age 13 years (Table 47). The prevalence of having drunk alcohol for the first time before age 13 years was higher among male (19.7%) than female (14.6%) students; higher among white male (17.3%) and Hispanic male (23.6%) than white female (11.7%) and Hispanic female (19.0%) students, respectively; and higher among 10th-grade male (21.3%), 11th-grade male (17.5%), and 12th-grade male (17.0%) than 10th-grade female (15.8%), 11th-grade female (12.9%), and 12th-grade female (9.9%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having drunk alcohol for the first time before age 13 years was higher among black (18.0%) and Hispanic (21.3%) than white (14.5%) students, higher among Hispanic (21.3%) than black (18.0%) students, higher among black female (16.9%) and Hispanic female (19.0%) than white female (11.7%) students, and higher among Hispanic m ale (23.6%) than white male (17.3%) and black male (18.7%) students. The prevalence of having drunk alcohol for the first time before age 13 years was higher among 9th-grade (20.3%) and 10th-grade (18.6%) than 11th-grade (15.2%) and 12th-grade (13.5%) students, higher among 9th-grade female (18.8%) than 11th-grade female (12.9%) and 12th-grade female (9.9%) students, higher among 10th-grade female (15.8%) than 12th-grade female (9.9%) students, and higher among 9th-grade male (21.5%) than 12th-grade male (17.0%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having drunk alcohol for the first time before age 13 years (32.7%–17.2%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having drunk alcohol for the first time before age 13 years did not change significantly during 1991–1999 (32.7%–32.2%) and then decreased during 1999–2015 (32.2%–17.2%). The prevalence of having drunk alcohol for the first time before age 13 years did not change significantly from 2013 (18.6%) to 2015 (17.2%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of having drunk alcohol for the first time before age 13 years ranged from 10.6% to 24.5% (median: 15.7%) (Table 48). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 14.8% to 23.6% (median: 18.1%).

Current Alcohol Use

Nationwide, 32.8% of students had had at least one drink of alcohol on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey (i.e., current alcohol use) ( Table 49). The prevalence of current alcohol use was higher among white (35.2%) and Hispanic (34.4%) than black (23.8%) students, higher among white female (35.3%) and Hispanic female (35.6%) than black female (25.9%) students, and higher among white male (35.2%) and Hispanic male (33.4%) than black male (22.1%) students. The prevalence of current alcohol use was higher among 11th-grade (38.0%) and 12th-grade (42.4%) than 9th-grade (23.4%) and 10th-grade (29.0%) students, higher among 12th-grade (42.4%) than 11th-grade (38.0%) students, higher among 11th-grade female (38.3%) and 12th-grade female (43.2%) than 9th-grade female (24.9%) and 10th-grade female (28.8%) students; higher among 12th-grade female (43.2%) than 11th-grade female (38.3%) students, and higher among 11th-grade male (37.7%) and 12th-grade male (41.6%) than 9th-grade male (22.1%) students and 10th-grade male (29.3%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of current alcohol use (50.8%–32.8%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of current alcohol use decreased during 1991–2007 (50.8%–44.7%) and then decreased more rapidly during 2007–2015 (44.7%–32.8%). The prevalence of current alcohol use did not change significantly from 2013 (34.9%) to 2015 (32.8%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of current alcohol use ranged from 22.0% to 34.8% (median: 29.8%) ( Table 50). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 18.4% to 38.2% (median: 24.8%).

Someone Gave Alcohol to Them

Among the 32.8% of students nationwide who currently drank alcohol, 44.1% had usually obtained the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them during the 30 days before the survey (Table 49). The prevalence of usually obtaining the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them was higher among female (48.5%) than male (39.9%) students; higher among white female (50.7%) and Hispanic female (45.9%) than white male (41.6%) and Hispanic male (36.5%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (50.4%), 10th-grade female (50.0%), and 11th-grade female (49.7%) than 9th-grade male (39.4%), 10th-grade male (34.5%), and 11th-grade male (39.3%) students, respectively. The prevalence of usually obtaining the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them was higher among white (46.1%) than Hispanic (41.3%) students.

During 2007–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of usually obtaining the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them. The prevalence of usually obtaining the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them did not change significantly from 2013 (41.8%) to 2015 (44.1%).

Across 32 states, the prevalence of usually obtaining the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them ranged from 32.2% to 45.3% (median: 39.8%) (Table 44). Across 14 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 26.9% to 44.8% (median: 37.9%).

Consumed Five or More Drinks in a Row

Nationwide, 17.7% of students had had five or more drinks of alcohol in a row (i.e., within a couple of hours) on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey ( Table 51). The prevalence of having five or more drinks of alcohol in a row was higher among white (19.7%) and Hispanic (17.7%) than black (11.4%) students, higher among white female (18.6%) and Hispanic female (17.9%) than black female (9.9%) students, and higher among white male (21.0%) and Hispanic male (17.5%) than black male (12.8%) students. The prevalence of having five or more drinks of alcohol in a row was higher among 10th-grade (15.1%), 11th-grade (22.1%), and 12th-grade (24.6%) than 9th-grade (10.4%) students; higher among 11th-grade (22.1%) and 12th-grade (24.6%) than 10th-grade (15.1%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (14.1%), 11th-grade female (19.6%), and 12th-grade female (23.8%) than 9th-grade female (10.5%) students; higher among 11th-grade female (19.6%) and 12th-grade female (23.8%) than 10th-grade female (14.1%) students; higher among 12th-grade female (23.8%) than 11th-grade female (19.6%) students, higher among 10th-grade male (16.2%), 11th-grade male (24.4%), and 12th-grade male (25.6%) than 9th-grade male (10.2%) students; and higher among 11th-grade male (24.4%) and 12th-grade male (25.6%) than 10th-grade male (16.2%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having five or more drinks of alcohol in a row (31.3%–17.7%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having five or more drinks of alcohol in a row increased during 1991–1999 (31.3%–31.5%) and then decreased during 1999–2015 (31.5%–17.7%). The prevalence of having five or more drinks of alcohol in a row also decreased significantly from 2013 (20.8%) to 2015 (17.7%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of having five or more drinks of alcohol in a row ranged from 11.0% to 20.7% (median: 15.5%) ( Table 52). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 8.0% to 16.5% (median: 10.9%).

Largest Number of Drinks in a Row Was 10 or More

Nationwide, 4.3% of students reported that the largest number of drinks that they had had in a row (i.e., within a couple of hours) during the 30 days before the survey was 10 or more (Table 51). The prevalence of reporting 10 or more as the largest number of drinks in a row was higher among male (6.1%) than female (2.5%) students; higher among white male (6.6%), black male (3.2%), and Hispanic male (6.5%) than white female (2.4%), black female (1.0%), and Hispanic female (3.6%) students, respectively; and higher among 10th-grade male (6.3%), 11th-grade male (7.3%), and 12th-grade male (8.8%) than 10th-grade female (2.2%), 11th-grade female (2.5%), and 12th-grade female (3.0%) students, respectively. The prevalence of reporting 10 or more as the largest number of drinks in a row was higher among white (4.5%) and Hispanic (5.1%) than black (2.1%) students, higher among white female (2.4%) and Hispanic female (3.6%) than black female ( 1.0%) students, and higher among white male (6.6%) and Hispanic male (6.5%) than black male (3.2%) students. The prevalence of reporting 10 or more as the largest number of drinks in a row was higher among 10th-grade (4.2%), 11th-grade (5.0%), and 12th-grade (5.9%) than 9th-grade (2.4%) students and higher among 10th-grade male (6.3%), 11th-grade male (7.3%), and 12th-grade male (8.8%) than 9th-grade male (2.4%) students.

Because the question measuring the reporting of 10 or more as the largest number of drinks in a row was used for the first time in the 2013 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends are not available. The prevalence of reporting 10 or more as the largest number of drinks in a row decreased significantly from 2013 (6.1%) to 2015 (4.3%).

Across 20 states, the prevalence of reporting 10 or more as the largest number of drinks in a row ranged from 2.1% to 7.4% (median: 3.5%) (Table 52). Across 13 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 0.7% to 3.4% (median: 2.2%).

Ever Used Marijuana

Nationwide, 38.6% of students had used marijuana one or more times during their life (i.e., ever used marijuana) ( Table 53). The prevalence of having ever used marijuana was higher among black male (49.7%) than black female (40.5%) students. The prevalence of having ever used marijuana was higher among black (45.5%) and Hispanic (45.6%) than white (35.2%) students, higher among black female (40.5%) and Hispanic female (45.3%) than white female (34.3%) students, and higher among black male (49.7%) and Hispanic male (46.0%) than white male (36.2%) students. The prevalence of having ever used marijuana was higher among 10th-grade (35.5%), 11th-grade (45.2%), and 12th-grade (49.8%) than 9th-grade (25.9%) students; higher among 11th-grade (45.2%) and 12th-grade (49.8%) than 10th-grade (35.5%) students; higher among 12th-grade (49.8%) than 11th-grade (45.2%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (33.8%), 11th-grade female (43.6%), and 1 2th-grade female (48.8%) than 9th-grade female (25.3%) students; higher among 11th-grade female (43.6%) and 12th-grade female (48.8%) than 10th-grade female (33.8%) students; higher among 12th-grade female (48.8%) than 11th-grade female (43.6%) students; higher among 10th-grade male (37.1%), 11th-grade male (46.9%), and 12th-grade male (50.9%) than 9th-grade male (26.5%) students; and higher among 11th-grade male (46.9%) and 12th-grade male (50.9%) than 10th-grade male (37.1%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear trend was not identified in the prevalence of having ever used marijuana (31.3%–38.6%). A significant quadratic trend was identified. The prevalence of having ever used marijuana increased during 1991–1997 (31.3%–47.1%) and then decreased during 1997–2015 (47.1%–38.6%). The prevalence of having ever used marijuana did not change significantly from 2013 (40.7%) to 2015 (38.6%).

Across 29 states, the prevalence of having ever used marijuana ranged from 25.0% to 42.9% (median: 34.7%) ( Table 54). Across 15 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 28.7% to 45.8% (median: 40.1%).

Tried Marijuana Before Age 13 Years

Nationwide, 7.5% of students had tried marijuana for the first time before age 13 years (Table 53). The prevalence of having tried marijuana before age 13 years was higher among male (9.2%) than female (5.6%) students; higher among white male (6.7%), black male (13.0%), and Hispanic male (13.6%) than white female (4.2%), black female (7.4%), and Hispanic female (8.2%) students, respectively; and higher among 11th-grade male (8.9%) and 12th-grade male (8.5%) than 11th-grade female (4.5%) and 12th-grade female (3.7%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having tried marijuana before age 13 years was higher among black (10.6%) and Hispanic (10.9%) than white (5.4%) students, higher among black female (7.4%) and Hispanic female (8.2%) than white female (4.2%) students, and higher among black male (13.0%) and Hispanic male (13.6%) than white male (6.7%) students. The prevalence of having tried marijuana before age 13 years was higher among 9th-grade (8.5%) and 10th-grade (8.3%) than 12th-grade (6.1%) students and higher among 9th-grade female (6.8%) and 10th-grade female (7.2%) than 11th-grade female (4.5%) and 12th-grade female (3.7%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having tried marijuana before age 13 years (7.4%–7.5%).*** A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having tried marijuana before age 13 years increased during 1991–1999 (7.4%–11.3%) and then decreased during 1999–2015 (11.3%–7.5%). The prevalence of having tried marijuana before age 13 years did not change significantly from 2013 (8.6%) to 2015 (7.5%).

Across 35 states, the prevalence of having tried marijuana before age 13 years ranged from 5.3% to 16.5% (median: 7.2%) (Table 54). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 5.7% to 15.7% (median: 8.9%).

Current Marijuana Use

Nationwide, 21.7% of students had used marijuana one or more times during the 30 days before the survey (i.e., current marijuana use) ( Table 55). The prevalence of current marijuana use was higher among male (23.2%) than female (20.1%) students, higher among black male (31.3%) than black female (22.1%) students, and higher among 10th-grade male (22.6%) than 10th-grade female (17.5%) students. The prevalence of current marijuana use was higher among black (27.1%) and Hispanic (24.5%) than white (19.9%) students and higher among black male (31.3%) than white male (21.2%) and Hispanic male (25.5%) students. The prevalence of current marijuana use was higher among 10th-grade (20.0%), 11th-grade (24.8%), and 12th-grade (27.6%) than 9th-grade (15.2%) students; higher among 11th-grade (24.8%) and 12th-grade (27.6%) than 10th-grade (20.0%) students; higher among 11th-grade female (24.3%) and 12th-grade female (24.6%) than 9th-grade female (1 4.7%) and 10th-grade female (17.5%) students; higher among 10th-grade male (22.6%), 11th-grade male (25.5%), and 12th-grade male (30.5%) than 9th-grade male (15.5%) students; and higher among 12th-grade male (30.5%) than 10th-grade male (22.6%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear trend was not identified in the prevalence of current marijuana use (14.7%–21.7%). A significant quadratic trend was identified. The prevalence of current marijuana use increased during 1991–1995 (14.7%–25.3%) and then decreased during 1995–2015 (25.3%–21.7%). The prevalence of current marijuana use did not change significantly from 2013 (23.4%) to 2015 (21.7%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of current marijuana use ranged from 12.4% to 25.3% (median: 19.1%) ( Table 56). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 15.9% to 28.7% (median: 22.2%).

Usually Used Marijuana by Smoking It

Among the 21.7% of students who currently used marijuana, 90.0% usually used marijuana by smoking it in a joint, bong, pipe, or blunt during the 30 days before the survey (Table 55). The prevalence of usually using marijuana by smoking it was higher among female (92.5%) than male (89.0%) students and higher among 12th-grade female (96.7%) than 12th-grade male (87.4%) students. The prevalence of usually using marijuana by smoking it was higher among 12th-grade female (96.7%) than 10th-grade female (91.4%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of usually using marijuana by smoking it in a joint, bong, pipe, or blunt was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

Also, this question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. Consequently, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of usually using marijuana by smoking it are not available.

Ever Used Synthetic Marijuana

Nationwide, 9.2% of students had used synthetic marijuana (also called “K2,” “Spice,” “fake weed,” “King Kong,” “Yucatan Fire,” “Skunk,” or “Moon Rocks”) one or more times during their life (i.e., ever used synthetic marijuana) ( Table 57). The prevalence of having ever used synthetic marijuana was higher among male (10.3%) than female (7.9%) students; higher among white male (9.9%) and Hispanic male (12.9%) than white female (7.6%) and Hispanic female (10.3%) students, respectively; and higher among 11th-grade male (11.1%) and 12th-grade male (14.2%) than 11th-grade female (8.8%) and 12th-grade female (7.6%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having ever used synthetic marijuana was higher among Hispanic (11.7%) than white (8.8%) and black (7.8%) students, higher among Hispanic female (10.3%) than black female (5.9%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (12.9%) than white male (9.9%) and black male (8.9%) students. The prevalence of having ever used synthetic marijuana was higher among 11th-grade (10.0%) and 12th-grade (11.0%) than 9th-grade (7.1%) students; higher among 10th-grade male (9.7%), 11th-grade male (11.1%), and 12th-grade male (14.2%) than 9th-grade male (6.7%) students; and higher among 12th-grade male (14.2%) than 10th-grade male (9.7%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of having ever used synthetic marijuana was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

Across 27 states, the prevalence of having ever used synthetic marijuana ranged from 5.9% to 14.6% (median: 9.2%) ( Table 58). Across 17 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 4.9% to 13.3% (median: 8.6%).

Ever Used Hallucinogenic Drugs

Nationwide, 6.4% of students had used hallucinogenic drugs (e.g., LSD, acid, PCP, angel dust, mescaline, or mushrooms) one or more times during their life (i.e., ever used hallucinogenic drugs) (Table 57). The prevalence of having ever used hallucinogenic drugs was higher among male (8.0%) than female (4.6%) students; higher among white male (8.1%) and black male (6.7%) than white female (4.7%) and black female (1.9%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (5.9%) and 12th-grade male (12.0%) than 9th-grade female (3.1%) and 12th-grade female (3.9%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having ever used hallucinogenic drugs was higher among Hispanic (6.8%) than black (4.7%) students and higher among white female (4.7%) and Hispanic female (6.1%) than black female (1.9%) students. The prevalence of having ever used hallucinogenic drugs was higher among 11th-grade (6.7%) and 12th-grade (8.0%) than 9th-grade (4.7%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (5.3%) and 11th-grade female (5.9%) than 9th-grade female (3.1%) students; and higher among 12th-grade male (12.0%) than 9th-grade male (5.9%), 10th-grade male (7.0%), and 11th-grade male (7.0%) students.

During 2001–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having ever used hallucinogenic drugs (13.3%–6.4%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having ever used hallucinogenic drugs decreased during 2001–2005 (13.3%–8.5%) and then decreased more gradually during 2005–2015 (8.5%–6.4%). The prevalence of having ever used hallucinogenic drugs did not change significantly from 2013 (7.1%) to 2015 (6.4%).

This question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. As a result, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of having ever used hallucinogenic drugs are not available.

Ever Used Cocaine

Nationwide, 5.2% of students had used any form of cocaine (e.g., powder, crack,††† or freebase§§§) one or more times during their life (i.e., ever used cocaine) ( Table 59). The prevalence of having ever used cocaine was higher among male (6.3%) than female (3.8%) students; higher among white male (5.0%), black male (5.3%), and Hispanic male (9.4%) than white female (3.3%), black female (1.8%), and Hispanic female (6.6%) students, respectively; and higher among 10th-grade male (6.4%), 11th-grade male (6.2%), and 12th-grade male (9.7%) than 10th-grade female (3.8%), 11th-grade female (3.3%), and 12th-grade female (4.5%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having ever used cocaine was higher among Hispanic (8.0%) than white (4.1%) and black (3.8%) students, higher among Hispanic female (6.6%) than white female (3.3%) and black female (1.8%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (9.4%) than white male (5.0%) and black male (5.3%) students. The prevalence of having ever used cocaine was higher among 10th-grade (5.1%), 11th-grade (5.0%), and 12th-grade (7.2%) than 9th-grade (3.4%) students; higher among 12th-grade (7.2%) than 10th-grade (5.1%) and 11th-grade (5.0%) students; higher among 10th-grade male (6.4%), 11th-grade male (6.2%), and 12th-grade male (9.7%) than 9th-grade male (3.3%) students; and higher among 12th-grade male (9.7%) than 10th-grade male (6.4%) and 11th-grade male (6.2%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred in the prevalence of having ever used cocaine (5.9%–5.2%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having ever used cocaine increased during 1991–1999 (5.9%–9.5%) and then decreased during 1999–2015 (9.5%–5.2%). The prevalence of having ever used cocaine did not change significantly from 2013 (5.5%) to 2015 (5.2%).

Across 32 states, the prevalence of having ever used cocaine ranged from 3.4% to 9.2% (median: 4.8%) ( Table 60). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 4.4% to 9.6% (median: 5.3%).

Ever Used Ecstasy

Nationwide, 5.0% of students had used ecstasy (also called “MDMA”) one or more times during their life (i.e., ever used ecstasy) (Table 59). The prevalence of having ever used ecstasy was higher among male (6.0%) than female (3.9%) students; higher among black male (5.9%) and Hispanic male (7.8%) than black female (2.5%) and Hispanic female (4.1%) students, respectively; and higher among 10th-grade male (6.0%) and 12th-grade male (8.0%) than 10th-grade female (3.7%) and 12th-grade female (4.0%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having ever used ecstasy was higher among Hispanic (6.1%) than white (4.3%) and black (4.3%) students and higher among Hispanic male (7.8%) than white male (4.7%) students. The prevalence of having ever used ecstasy was higher among 10th-grade (4.9%), 11th-grade (5.7%), and 12th-grade (6.1%) than 9th-grade (3.2%) students; higher among 11th-grade female (4.8%) than 9th-grade female (2.8%) students; and higher among 10th-grade male (6.0%), 11th-grade male (6.2%), and 12th-grade male (8.0%) than 9th-grade male (3.6%) students.

During 2001–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having ever used ecstasy (11.1%–5.0%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having ever used ecstasy decreased during 2001–2005 (11.1%–6.3%) and then did not change significantly during 2005–2015 (6.3%–5.0%). The prevalence of having ever used ecstasy decreased significantly from 2013 (6.6%) to 2015 (5.0%).

Across 27 states, the prevalence of having ever used ecstasy ranged from 3.4% to 8.0% (median: 5.1%) (Table 60). Across 14 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 4.2% to 9.1% (median: 5.6%).

Ever Used Heroin

Nationwide, 2.1% of students had used heroin (also called “smack,” “junk,” or “China White”) one or more times during their life (i.e., ever used heroin) ( Table 61). The prevalence of having ever used heroin was higher among male (2.7%) than female (1.2%) students; higher among black male (3.8%) and Hispanic male (3.2%) than black female (1.5%) and Hispanic female (1.9%) students, respectively; and higher among 10th-grade male (3.3%), 11th-grade male (2.3%), and 12th-grade male (2.8%) than 10th-grade female (1.5%), 11th-grade female (0.9%), and 12th-grade female (1.0%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having ever used heroin was higher among Hispanic (2.6%) than white (1.3%) students, higher among Hispanic female (1.9%) than white female (0.8%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (3.2%) than white male (1.7%) students. The prevalence of having ever used heroin was higher among 1 0th-grade male (3.3%) than 9th-grade male (2.0%) students.

During 1999–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having ever used heroin (2.4%–2.1%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having ever used heroin did not change significantly from 2013 (2.2%) to 2015 (2.1%).

Across 32 states, the prevalence of having ever used heroin ranged from 0.9% to 5.9% (median: 2.5%) ( Table 62). Across 17 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 1.5% to 8.3% (median: 3.3%).

Ever Used Methamphetamines

Nationwide, 3.0% of students had used methamphetamines (also called “speed,” “crystal,” “crank,” or “ice”) one or more times during their life (i.e., ever used methamphetamines) (Table 61). The prevalence of having ever used methamphetamines was higher among male (3.6%) than female (2.3%) students, higher among black male (3.9%) than black female (1.4%) students, and higher among 12th-grade male (5.6%) than 12th-grade female (1.8%) students. The prevalence of having ever used methamphetamines was higher among Hispanic (4.4%) than white (2.1%) students, higher among Hispanic female (4.0%) than white female (1.7%) and black female (1.4%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (4.7%) than white male (2.5%) students. The prevalence of having ever used methamphetamines was higher among 10th-grade (3.3%) and 12th-grade (3.8%) than 9th-grade (2.0%) students, higher among 10th-grade m ale (4.2%) and 12th-grade male (5.6%) than 9th-grade male (1.9%) students, and higher among 12th-grade male (5.6%) than 11th-grade male (2.8%) students.

During 1999–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having ever used methamphetamines (9.1%–3.0%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having ever used methamphetamines did not change significantly from 2013 (3.2%) to 2015 (3.0%).

Across 29 states, the prevalence of having ever used methamphetamines ranged from 1.7% to 6.0% (median: 3.2%) (Table 62). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 2.4% to 7.9% (median: 3.7%).

Ever Took Steroids Without a Doctor’s Prescription

Nationwide, 3.5% of students had taken steroid pills or shots without a doctor’s prescription one or more times during their life (i.e., ever took steroids without a doctor’s prescription) ( Table 63). The prevalence of having ever taken steroids without a doctor’s prescription was higher among male (4.0%) than female (2.7%) students, higher among white male (3.6%) than white female (1.8%) students, and higher among 12th-grade male (4.8%) higher than 12th-grade female (1.6%) students. The prevalence of having ever taken steroids without a doctor’s prescription was higher among Hispanic (4.1%) than white (2.7%) students and higher among Hispanic female (3.9%) than white female (1.8%) students. The prevalence of having ever taken steroids without a doctor’s prescription was higher among 9th-grade female (3.4%) and 10th-grade female (3.4%) than 12th-grade female (2.0%) students and higher among 10th-gra de male (4.4%) and 12th-grade male (4.8%) than 11th-grade male (2.8%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear trend was not identified in the prevalence of having ever taken steroids without a doctor’s prescription. A significant quadratic trend was identified. The prevalence of having ever taken steroids without a doctor’s prescription increased during 1991–2001 (2.7%–5.0%) and then decreased during 2001–2015 (5.0%–3.5%). The prevalence of having ever taken steroids without a doctor’s prescription did not change significantly from 2013 (3.2%) to 2015 (3.5%).

Across 24 states, the prevalence of having ever taken steroids without a doctor’s prescription ranged from 1.4% to 6.3% (median: 3.8%) ( Table 64). Across 12 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 2.5% to 8.7% (median: 3.5%).

Ever Took Prescription Drugs Without a Doctor’s Prescription

Nationwide, 16.8% of students had taken prescription drugs (e.g., Oxycontin, Percocet, Vicodin, codeine, Adderall, Ritalin, or Xanax) without a doctor’s prescription one or more times during their life (i.e., ever took prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription) (Table 63). The prevalence of having ever taken prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription was higher among male (17.8%) than female (15.6%) students, higher among black male (18.1%) than black female (10.7%) students, and higher among 11th-grade male (21.5%) higher than 11th-grade female (16.0%) students. The prevalence of having ever taken prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription was higher among Hispanic (17.5%) than black (14.8%) students and higher among white female (15.9%) and Hispanic female (16.5%) than black female (10.7%) students. The prevalence of having ever taken prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription was higher among 11th-grade (18.9%) and 12th-grade (20.3%) than 9th-grade (13.0%) and 10th-grade (15.3%) students, higher among 11th-grade female (16.0%) and 12th-grade female (18.8%) than 9th-grade female (12.5%) students, and higher among 11th-grade male (21.5%) and 12th-grade male (21.7%) than 9th-grade male (13.3%) and 10th-grade male (15.1%) students.

During 2011–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred in the prevalence of having ever taken prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription (20.2%–16.8%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having ever taken prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription did not change significantly from 2013 (17.8%) to 2015 (16.8%).

Across 32 states, the prevalence of having ever taken prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription ranged from 10.8% to 19.2% (median: 14.4%) (Table 64). Across 17 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 7.9% to 16.1% (median: 13.3%).

Ever Used Inhalants

Nationwide, 7.0% of students had sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high one or more times during their life (i.e., ever used inhalants) ( Table 65). The prevalence of having ever used inhalants was higher among Hispanic female (8.3%) than white female (5.9%) students. The prevalence of having ever used inhalants was higher among 9th-grade (8.3%) than 11th-grade (5.9%) and 12th-grade (6.0%) students and higher among 9th-grade female (8.5%) and 10th-grade female (7.8%) than 11th-grade female (4.6%) and 12th-grade female (4.9%) students.

During 1995–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having ever used inhalants (20.3%–7.0%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having ever used inhalants without a doctor’s prescription decreased significantly from 2013 (8.9%) to 2015 (7.0%).

Across 29 states, the prevalence of having ever used inhalants ranged from 3.2% to 11.6% (median: 7.7%) ( Table 66). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 4.7% to 12.7% (median: 7.7%).

Ever Injected Any Illegal Drug

Nationwide, 1.8% of students had used a needle to inject any illegal drug into their body one or more times during their life (i.e., ever injected any illegal drug) ( Table 67). The prevalence of having ever injected any illegal drug was higher among male (2.3%) than female (1.0%) students; higher among white male (1.7%) and Hispanic male (2.8%) than white female (0.7%) and Hispanic female (1.6%) students, respectively; and higher among 10th-grade male (2.6%) and 12th-grade male (3.4%) than 10th-grade female (0.7%) and 12th-grade female (0.8%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having ever injected any illegal drug was higher among black (2.5%) and Hispanic (2.2%) than white (1.2%) students and higher among Hispanic female (1.6%) than white female (0.7%) students. The prevalence of having ever injected any illegal drug was higher among 9th-grade female (1.5%) than 10th-grade female (0.7%) students.

During 1995–2015, a significant linear trend was not identified in the prevalence of having ever injected any illegal drug. A significant quadratic trend was identified. The prevalence of having ever injected any illegal drug did not change during 1995–2011 (2.1%–2.3%) and then decreased during 2011–2015 (2.3%–1.8%). The prevalence of having ever injected any illegal drug did not change significantly from 2013 (1.7%) to 2015 (1.8%).

Across 25 states, the prevalence of having ever injected any illegal drug ranged from 1.0% to 5.4% (median: 2.4%) ( Table 68). Across 13 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 1.6% to 6.6% (median: 2.5%).

Offered, Sold, or Given an Illegal Drug on School Property

Nationwide, 21.7% of students had been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug by someone on school property during the 12 months before the survey (Table 67). The prevalence of having been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property was higher among male (24.2%) than female (19.1%) students; higher among white male (23.2%) than white female (16.5%) students; and higher among 10th-grade male (24.6%), 11th-grade male (24.9%), and 12th-grade male (24.4%) than 10th-grade female (19.3%), 11th-grade female (20.4%), and 12th-grade female (16.3%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property was higher among Hispanic (27.2%) than white (19.8%) and black (20.6%) students, higher among Hispanic female (25.5%) than white female (16.5%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (28.9%) than white male (23.2%) and black male (22.0%) students. The prevalence of havin g been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property was higher among 9th-grade female (20.0%) and 11th-grade female (20.4%) than 12th-grade female (20.4%) students.

During 1993–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property (24.0%–21.7%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property increased during 1993–1997 (24.0%–31.7%) and then decreased during 1997–2015 (31.7%–21.7%). The prevalence of having been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property did not change significantly from 2013 (22.1%) to 2015 (21.7%).

Across 32 states, the prevalence of having been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property ranged from 14.7% to 29.8% (median: 22.3%) (Table 68). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 20.5% to 34.6% (median: 26.8%).

Sexual Behaviors Related to Unintended Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Including HIV Infection

Ever Had Sexual Intercourse

Nationwide, 41.2% of students had ever had sexual intercourse ( Table 69). The prevalence of having ever had sexual intercourse was higher among male (43.2%) than female (39.2%) students; higher among black male (58.8%) and Hispanic male (45.1%) than black female (37.4%) and Hispanic female (39.8%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (27.3%) than 9th-grade female (20.7%) students. The prevalence of having ever had sexual intercourse was higher among black (48.5%) than white (39.9%) students and higher among black male (58.8%) than white male (39.5%) and Hispanic male (45.1%) students. The prevalence of having ever had sexual intercourse was higher among 10th-grade (35.7%), 11th-grade (49.6%), and 12th-grade (58.1%) than 9th-grade (24.1%) students; higher among 11th-grade (49.6%) and 12th-grade (58.1%) than 10th-grade (35.7%) students; higher among 12th-grade (58.1%) than 11th-grade (49.6%) students; higher among 10 th-grade female (33.5%), 11th-grade female (48.2%), and 12th-grade female (57.2%) than 9th-grade female (20.7%) students; higher among 11th-grade female (48.2%) and 12th-grade female (57.2%) than 10th-grade female (33.5%) students; higher among 12th-grade female (57.2%) than 11th-grade female (48.2%) students; higher among 10th-grade male (37.9%), 11th-grade male (51.2%), and 12th-grade male (59.0%) than 9th-grade male (27.3%) students; higher among 11th-grade male (51.2%) and 12th-grade male (59.0%) than 10th-grade male (37.9%) students; and higher among 12th-grade male (59.0%) than 11th-grade male (51.2%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having ever had sexual intercourse (54.1%–41.2%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having ever had sexual intercourse decreased significantly from 2013 (46.8%) to 2015 (41.2%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of having ever had sexual intercourse ranged from 30.4% to 48.0% (median: 39.0%) ( Table 70). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 25.9% to 52.4% (median: 39.5%).

Had First Sexual Intercourse Before Age 13 Years

Nationwide, 3.9% of students had had sexual intercourse for the first time before age 13 years (Table 69). The prevalence of having had sexual intercourse before age 13 years was higher among male (5.6%) than female (2.2%) students; higher among white male (3.5%), black male (12.1%), and Hispanic male (6.8%) than white female (1.6%), black female (4.3%), and Hispanic female (3.1%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (4.6%), 10th-grade male (6.8%), 11th-grade male (4.8%), and 12th-grade male (5.5%) than 9th-grade female (2.5%), 10th-grade female (2.7%), 11th-grade female (1.6%), and 12th-grade female (1.7%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having had sexual intercourse before age 13 years was higher among black (8.3%) and Hispanic (5.0%) than white (2.5%) students, higher among black (8.3%) than Hispanic (5.0%) students, higher among black female (4.3%) and Hispanic female (3.1%) than white female (1.6%) students, higher among black male (12.1%) and Hispanic male (6.8%) than white male (3.5%) students, and higher among black male (12.1%) than Hispanic male (6.8%) students. The prevalence of having had sexual intercourse before age 13 years was higher among 10th-grade (4.7%) than 11th-grade (3.2%) students and higher among 10th-grade male (6.8%) than 9th-grade male (4.6%) and 11th-grade male (4.8%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having had sexual intercourse before age 13 years (10.2%–3.9%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having had sexual intercourse before age 13 years decreased significantly from 2013 (5.6%) to 2015 (3.9%).

Across 35 states, the prevalence of having had sexual intercourse before age 13 years ranged from 2.6% to 8.3% (median: 3.5%) (Table 70). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 2.7% to 12.2% (median: 5.7%).

Had Sexual Intercourse with Four or More Persons During Their Life

Nationwide, 11.5% of students had had sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their life ( Table 71). The prevalence of having had sexual intercourse with four or more persons was higher among male (14.1%) than female (8.8%) students; higher among black male (28.2%) and Hispanic male (15.3%) than black female (9.2%) and Hispanic female (6.7%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (6.7%), 10th-grade male (12.1%), 11th-grade male (16.0%), and 12th-grade male (22.4%) than 9th-grade female (3.0%), 10th-grade female (6.0%), 11th-grade female (10.7%), and 12th-grade female (16.1%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having had sexual intercourse with four or more persons was higher among black (19.0%) than white (9.9%) and Hispanic (11.0%) students, higher among black male (28.2%) and Hispanic male (15.3%) than white male (10.6%) students, and higher among black male (28.2%) than Hispanic male (15.3%) stu dents. The prevalence of having had sexual intercourse with four or more persons was higher among 10th-grade (9.0%), 11th-grade (13.4%), and 12th-grade (19.2%) than 9th-grade (4.9%) students; higher among 11th-grade (13.4%) and 12th-grade (19.2%) than 10th-grade (9.0%) students; higher among 12th-grade (19.2%) than 11th-grade (13.4%) students, higher among 10th-grade female (6.0%), 11th-grade female (10.7%), and 12th-grade female (16.1%) than 9th-grade female (3.0%) students; higher among 11th-grade female (10.7%) and 12th-grade female (16.1%) than 10th-grade female (6.0%) students; higher among 12th-grade female (16.1%) than 11th-grade female (10.7%) students, and higher among 10th-grade male (12.1%), 11th-grade male (16.0%), and 12th-grade male (22.4%) than 9th-grade male (6.7%) students; higher among 11th-grade male (16.0%) and 12th-grade male (22.4%) than 10th-grade male (12.1%) students; and higher among 12th-grade male (22.4%) than 11th-grade male (16.0%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having had sexual intercourse with four or more persons (18.7%–11.5%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having had sexual intercourse with four or more persons decreased significantly from 2013 (15.0%) to 2015 (11.5%).

Across 31 states, the prevalence of having had sexual intercourse with four or more persons ranged from 6.2% to 16.0% (median: 10.0%) ( Table 72). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 5.7% to 19.4% (median: 11.2%).

Currently Sexually Active

Nationwide, 30.1% of students had had sexual intercourse with at least one person during the 3 months before the survey (i.e., currently sexually active) (Table 71). The prevalence of being currently sexually active was higher among black male (40.0%) than black female (25.7%) students and higher among 9th-grade male (17.3%) than 9th-grade female (14.0%) students. The prevalence of being currently sexually active was higher among white female (31.4%) than black female (25.7%) students and higher among black male (40.0%) than white male (29.1%) and Hispanic male (30.5%) students. The prevalence of being currently sexually active was higher among 10th-grade (25.5%), 11th-grade (35.5%), and 12th-grade (46.0%) than 9th-grade (15.7%) students; higher among 11th-grade (35.5%) and 12th-grade (46.0%) than 10th-grade (25.5%) students; higher among 12th-grade (46.0%) than 11th-grade (35.5%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (24.7%), 11t h-grade female (36.7%), and 12th-grade female (46.5%) than 9th-grade female (14.0%) students; higher among 11th-grade female (36.7%) and 12th-grade female (46.5%) than 10th-grade female (24.7%) students; higher among 12th-grade female (46.5%) than 11th-grade female (36.7%) students; higher among 10th-grade male (26.4%), 11th-grade male (34.5%), and 12th-grade male (45.4%) than 9th-grade male (17.3%) students; higher among 11th-grade male (34.5%) and 12th-grade male (45.4%) than 10th-grade male (26.4%) students; and higher among 12th-grade male (45.4%) than 11th-grade male (34.5%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of being currently sexually active (37.5%–30.1%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of being currently sexually active decreased significantly from 2013 (34.0%) to 2015 (30.1%).

Across 35 states, the prevalence of being currently sexually active ranged from 22.3% to 35.5% (median: 28.5%) (Table 72). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 18.7% to 37.2% (median: 26.3%).

Condom Use

Among the 30.1% of currently sexually active students nationwide, 56.9% reported that either they or their partner had used a condom during last sexual intercourse ( Table 73). The prevalence of having used a condom during last sexual intercourse was higher among male (61.5%) than female (52.0%) students; higher among black male (73.6%) and Hispanic male (62.5%) than black female (46.7%) and Hispanic female (48.3%) students, respectively; and higher among 10th-grade male (65.6%), 11th-grade male (62.5%), and 12th-grade male (57.4%) than 10th-grade female (54.0%), 11th-grade female (52.9%), and 12th-grade female (48.8%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having used a condom during last sexual intercourse was higher among black (63.4%) than Hispanic (55.6%) students, higher among white female (55.9%) than black female (46.7%) students, and higher among black male (73.6%) than white male (58.1%) and Hispanic male (62.5%) students . The prevalence of having used a condom during last sexual intercourse was higher among 9th-grade (60.5%) and 10th-grade (59.9%) than 12th-grade (52.9%) students and higher among 9th-grade female (56.7%) than 12th-grade female (48.8%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear increase occurred overall in the prevalence of having used a condom during last sexual intercourse (46.2%–56.9%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having used a condom during last sexual intercourse increased during 1991–2003 (46.2%–63.0%) and then decreased during 2003–2015 (63.0%–56.9%). The prevalence of having used a condom during last sexual intercourse did not change significantly from 2013 (59.1%) to 2015 (56.9%).

Across 35 states, the prevalence of having used a condom during last sexual intercourse ranged from 48.4% to 63.3% (median: 57.9%) ( Table 74). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 55.4% to 68.9% (median: 60.6%).

Birth Control Pill Use

Among the 30.1% of currently sexually active students nationwide, 18.2% reported that either they or their partner had used birth control pills to prevent pregnancy before last sexual intercourse (Table 73). The prevalence of having used birth control pills before last sexual intercourse was higher among female (21.3%) than male (15.2%) students; higher among Hispanic female (15.4%) than Hispanic male (8.1%) students; and higher among 10th-grade female (20.2%) and 12th-grade female (23.2%) than 10th-grade male (11.6%) and 12th-grade male (16.9%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having used birth control pills before last sexual intercourse was higher among white (23.5%) than black (9.0%) and Hispanic (11.8%) students, higher among white female (25.4%) than black female (9.0%) and Hispanic female (15.4%) students, and higher among white male (21.4%) than black male (9.0%) and Hispanic male (8.1%) students. The prevalence of h aving used birth control pills before last sexual intercourse was higher among 10th-grade (15.9%), 11th-grade (21.5%), and 12th-grade (20.1%) than 9th-grade (10.9%) students; higher among 11th-grade (21.5%) than 10th-grade (15.9%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (20.2%), 11th-grade female (23.9%), and 12th-grade female (23.2%) than 9th-grade female (11.2%) students; higher among 11th-grade male (19.1%) and 12th-grade male (16.9%) than 9th-grade male (10.8%) students; and higher among 11th-grade male (19.1%) than 10th-grade male (11.6%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear trend was not identified in the prevalence of having used birth control pills before last sexual intercourse. A significant quadratic trend was identified. The prevalence of having used birth control pills before last sexual intercourse decreased during 1991–1995 (20.8%–17.4%) and then increased during 1995–2015 (17.4%–18.2%). The prevalence of having used birth control pills before last sexual intercourse did not change significantly from 2013 (19.0%) to 2015 (18.2%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of having used birth control pills before last sexual intercourse ranged from 13.1% to 34.6% (median: 20.7%) (Table 74). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 6.8% to 18.6% (median: 12.0%).

IUD or Implant Use

Among the 30.1% of currently sexually active students nationwide, 3.3% reported that either they or their partner had used an IUD (such as Mirena or ParaGard) or implant (such as Implanon or Nexplanon) to prevent pregnancy before last sexual intercourse ( Table 75). The prevalence of having used an IUD or implant before last sexual intercourse was higher among female (4.5%) than male (2.2%) students.

Because the response option measuring the prevalence of having used an IUD or implant before last sexual intercourse was used for the first time in the 2013 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends are not available. The prevalence of having used an IUD or implant before last sexual intercourse increased from 2013 (1.6%) to 2015 (3.3%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of having used an IUD or implant before last sexual intercourse ranged from 1.3% to 9.7% (median: 3.4%) ( Table 76). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 0.5% to 16.9% (median: 2.1%).

Shot, Patch, or Birth Control Ring Use

Among the 30.1% of currently sexually active students nationwide, 5.3% reported that either they or their partner had used a shot (such as Depo-Provera), patch (such as OrthoEvra), or birth control ring (such as NuvaRing) to prevent pregnancy before last sexual intercourse (Table 75). The prevalence of having used a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse was higher among female (7.9%) than male (2.7%) students; higher among white female (8.9%) and black female (7.8%) than white male (2.7%) and black male (3.1%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (5.8%), 10th-grade female (9.3%), 11th-grade female (7.3%), and 12th-grade female (8.3%) than 9th-grade male (1.4%), 10th-grade male (2.4%), 11th-grade male (3.5%), and 12th-grade male (3.0%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having used a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse was higher among white (6.0%) than Hispanic (3.1%) students and higher among white female (8.9%) and black female (7.8%) than Hispanic female (3.7%) students.

Because the response option measuring the prevalence of having used a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse was used for the first time in the 2013 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends are not available. The prevalence of having used a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse did not change significantly from 2013 (4.7%) to 2015 (5.3%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of having used a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse ranged from 1.6% to 9.5% (median: 5.6%) (Table 76). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 1.1% to 10.5% (median: 4.4%).

Birth Control Pill; IUD or Implant; or Shot, Patch, or Birth Control Ring Use

Among the 30.1% of currently sexually active students nationwide, 26.8% reported that either they or their partner had used birth control pills; an IUD (such as Mirena or ParaGard) or implant (such as Implanon or Nexplanon); or a shot (such as Depo-Provera), patch (such as OrthoEvra), or birth control ring (such as NuvaRing) to prevent pregnancy before last sexual intercourse ( Table 77). The prevalence of having used birth control pills; an IUD or implant; or a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse was higher among female (33.7%) than male (20.2%) students; higher among white female (39.2%) and Hispanic female (23.2%) than white male (27.0%) and Hispanic male (12.3%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (20.8%), 10th-grade female (33.6%), 11th-grade female (36.2%), and 12th-grade female (36.2%) than 9th-grade male (13.1%), 10th-grade male (15.5%), 11th-grade male (25.5%), and 12th-grad e male (22.7%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having used birth control pills; an IUD or implant; or a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse was higher among white (33.3%) than black (15.9%) and Hispanic (17.8%) students, higher among white female (39.2%) than black female (20.5%) and Hispanic female (23.2%) students, and higher among white male (27.0%) than black male (13.1%) and Hispanic male (12.3%) students. The prevalence of having used birth control pills; an IUD or implant; or a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse was higher among 10th-grade (24.4%), 11th-grade (30.9%), and 12th-grade (29.6%) than 9th-grade (16.4%) students; higher among 11th-grade (30.9%) than 10th-grade (24.4%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (33.6%), 11th-grade female (36.2%), and 12th-grade female (36.2%) than 9th-grade female (20.8%) students; and higher among 11th-grade male (25.5%) and 12th-grade male (22.7%) than 9th -grade male (13.1%) and 10th-grade male (15.5%) students.

During 2011–2015, a significant linear increase occurred overall in the prevalence of having used birth control pills; an IUD or implant; or a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse (23.3%–26.8%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having used birth control pills; an IUD or implant; or a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse did not change significantly from 2013 (25.3%) to 2015 (26.8%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of having used birth control pills; an IUD or implant; or a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse ranged from 17.5% to 47.3% (median: 30.1%) ( Table 78). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 10.4% to 37.6% (median: 18.3%).

Condom Use and Birth Control Pill; IUD or Implant; or Shot, Patch, or Birth Control Ring Use

Among the 30.1% of currently sexually active students nationwide, 8.8% reported that either they or their partner had used both a condom during last sexual intercourse and birth control pills; an IUD (such as Mirena or ParaGard) or implant (such as Implanon or Nexplanon); or a shot (such as Depo-Provera), patch (such as OrthoEvra), or birth control ring (such as NuvaRing) to prevent pregnancy before last sexual intercourse (Table 77). The prevalence of having used both a condom during last sexual intercourse and birth control pills; an IUD or implant; or a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse was higher among female (11.8%) than male (5.9%) students; higher among white female (15.9%) than white male (7.7%) students; and higher among 10th-grade female (12.4%) and 12th-grade female (9.9%) than 10th-grade male (4.3%) and 12th-grade male (5.5%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having used both a cond om during last sexual intercourse and birth control pills; an IUD or implant; or a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse was higher among white (12.0%) than black (4.7%) and Hispanic (4.7%) students, higher among white female (15.9%) than black female (5.7%) and Hispanic female (4.8%) students, and higher among white male (7.7%) than black male (4.1%) students. The prevalence of having used both a condom during last sexual intercourse and birth control pills; an IUD or implant; or a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse was higher among 11th-grade (12.2%) than 9th-grade (5.8%) and 12th-grade (7.7%) students and higher among 11th-grade male (9.4%) than 9th-grade male (3.2%) students.

Because the response options measuring the prevalence of using both a condom during last sexual intercourse and birth control pills; an IUD or implant; or a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse were used for the first time in the 2013 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends are not available. The prevalence of having used both a condom during last sexual intercourse and birth control pills; an IUD or implant; or a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse did not change significantly from 2013 (8.8%) to 2015 (8.8%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of having used both a condom during last sexual intercourse and birth control pills; an IUD or implant; or a shot, patch, or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse ranged from 5.8% to 18.8% (median: 11.1%) (Table 78). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 2.8% to 10.2% (median: 6.5%).

Did Not Use Any Method to Prevent Pregnancy

Among the 30.1% of currently sexually active students nationwide, 13.8% reported that neither they nor their partner had used any method to prevent pregnancy during last sexual intercourse ( Table 79). The prevalence of not having used any method to prevent pregnancy was higher among black female (25.6%) than black male (9.9%) students and higher among 9th-grade female (22.0%) than 9th-grade male (12.1%) students. The prevalence of not having used any method to prevent pregnancy was higher among Hispanic (20.0%) than white (10.4%) students, higher among black female (25.6%) and Hispanic female (22.7%) than white female (10.2%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (17.2%) than white male (10.3%) and black male (9.9%) students. The prevalence of not having used any method to prevent pregnancy was higher among 9th-grade (16.5%) and 12th-grade (15.5%) than 11th-grade (11.1%) students and higher among 9th-grade female (22.0%) than 10th -grade female (12.9%) and 11th-grade female (12.3%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of not having used any method to prevent pregnancy (16.5%–13.8%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of not having used any method to prevent pregnancy decreased during 1991–2007 (16.5%–12.2%) and then did not change significantly during 2007–2015 (12.2%–13.8%). The prevalence of not having used any method to prevent pregnancy also did not change significantly from 2013 (13.7%) to 2015 (13.8%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of not having used any method to prevent pregnancy ranged from 7.2% to 20.0% (median: 12.8%) ( Table 80). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 10.5% to 22.0% (median: 17.1%).

Drank Alcohol or Used Drugs Before Last Sexual Intercourse

Among the 30.1% of currently sexually active students nationwide, 20.6% had drunk alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse (Table 79). The prevalence of having drunk alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse was higher among male (24.6%) than female (16.4%) students; higher among white male (24.4%) and Hispanic male (27.7%) than white female (14.7%) and Hispanic female (17.7%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (27.2%) and 12th-grade male (25.6%) than 9th-grade female (16.8%) and 12th-grade female (16.1%) students, respectively.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear trend in the prevalence of having drunk alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse was not identified. A significant quadratic trend was identified. The prevalence of having drunk alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse increased during 1991–1999 (21.6%–24.8%) and then decreased during 1999–2015 (24.8%–20.6%). The prevalence of having drunk alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse did not change significantly from 2013 (22.4%) to 2015 (20.6%).

Across 34 states, the prevalence of having drunk alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse ranged from 13.5% to 24.6% (median: 18.9%) (Table 80). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 13.2% to 24.8% (median: 19.8%).

Tested for HIV

Nationwide, 10.2% of students had ever been tested for HIV, not counting tests done when donating blood ( Table 81). The prevalence of having ever been tested for HIV was higher among 12th-grade female (16.8%) than 12th-grade male (10.9%) students. The prevalence of having ever been tested for HIV was higher among black (16.6%) and Hispanic (11.1%) than white (8.0%) students, higher among black female (16.2%) and Hispanic female (12.3%) than white female (9.1%) students, and higher among black male (17.1%) and Hispanic male (10.1%) than white male (7.0%) students. The prevalence of having ever been tested for HIV was higher among 12th-grade (13.8%) than 9th-grade (7.8%), 10th-grade (9.8%), and 11th-grade (9.6%) students and higher among 12th-grade female (16.8%) than 9th-grade female (7.7%), 10th-grade female (9.8%), and 11th-grade female (10.3%) students.

During 2005–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having ever been tested for HIV (11.9%–10.2%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having ever been tested for HIV did not change significantly during 2005–2011 (11.9%–12.9%) and then decreased during 2011–2015 (12.9%–10.2%). The prevalence of having ever been tested for HIV also decreased significantly from 2013 (12.9%) to 2015 (10.2%).

Across 27 states, the prevalence of having ever been tested for HIV ranged from 7.4% to 18.0% (median: 11.4%) ( Table 82). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 7.0% to 37.4% (median: 18.9%).

Dietary Behaviors

Did Not Eat Fruit or Drink 100% Fruit Juices

Nationwide, 5.2% of students had not eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices during the 7 days before the survey ( Table 83). The prevalence of not having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices was higher among male (5.9%) than female (4.3%) students, higher among black male (8.6%) than black female (5.2%) students, and higher among 10th-grade male (6.7%) than 10th-grade female (3.4%) students. The prevalence of not having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices was higher among 9th-grade (6.0%) than 11th-grade (4.4%) students and higher among 9th-grade male (6.7%) than 11th-grade male (4.7%) students.

During 1999–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of not having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices (5.4%–5.2%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of not having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices did not change significantly from 2013 (5.0%) to 2015 (5.2%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of not having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices ranged from 3.2% to 11.7% (median: 7.0%) ( Table 84). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 3.8% to 11.4% (median: 7.1%).

Ate Fruit or Drank 100% Fruit Juices One or More Times per Day

Nationwide, 63.3% of students had eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices one or more times per day during the 7 days before the survey (Table 83). The prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices one or more times per day was higher among black male (67.0%) and Hispanic male (67.3%) than black female (56.5%) and Hispanic female (60.7%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices one or more times per day was higher among white female (64.1%) than black female (56.5%) students and higher among Hispanic male (67.3%) than white male (62.1%) students.

During 1999–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices one or more times per day. The prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices one or more times per day did not change significantly from 2013 (62.6%) to 2015 (63.3%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices one or more times per day ranged from 49.0% to 67.7% (median: 58.7%) (Table 84). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 52.4% to 66.7% (median: 57.6%).

Ate Fruit or Drank 100% Fruit Juices Two or More Times per Day

Nationwide, 31.5% of students had eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices two or more times per day during the 7 days before the survey ( Table 85). The prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices two or more times per day was higher among male (33.1%) than female (30.0%) students; higher among black male (38.2%) and Hispanic male (36.7%) than black female (27.8%) and Hispanic female (29.9%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (35.0%) than 9th-grade female (30.0%) students. The prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices two or more times per day was higher among Hispanic (33.4%) than white (29.8%) students and higher among black male (38.2%) and Hispanic male (36.7%) than white male (29.9%) students.

During 1999–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices two or more times per day. The prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices two or more times per day did not change significantly from 2013 (33.2%) to 2015 (31.5%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices two or more times per day ranged from 21.0% to 34.3% (median: 27.7%) ( Table 86). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 24.0% to 37.6% (median: 32.2%).

Ate Fruit or Drank 100% Fruit Juices Three or More Times per Day

Nationwide, 20.0% of students had eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices three or more times per day during the 7 days before the survey (Table 85). The prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices three or more times per day was higher among male (22.1%) than female (18.0%) students; higher among black male (29.1%) and Hispanic male (26.6%) than black female (20.5%) and Hispanic female (20.5%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (24.3%) than 9th-grade female (16.9%) students. The prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices three or more times per day was higher among black (25.1%) and Hispanic (23.6%) than white (17.0%) students, higher among black female (20.5%) and Hispanic female (20.5%) than white female (16.0%) students, and higher among black male (29.1%) and Hispanic male (26.6%) than white male (18.0%) students.

During 1999–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred in the prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices three or more times per day (24.9%–20.0%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices three or more times per day decreased significantly from 2013 (21.9%) to 2015 (20.0%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of having eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices three or more times per day ranged from 13.1% to 22.5% (median: 17.0%) (Table 86). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 17.3% to 24.6% (median: 21.4%).

Did Not Eat Vegetables

Nationwide, 6.7% of students had not eaten vegetables¶¶¶ during the 7 days before the survey ( Table 87). The prevalence of not having eaten vegetables was higher among male (7.7%) than female (5.6%) students; higher among white male (6.0%) and black male (13.0%) than white female (3.7%) and black female (8.8%) students, respectively; and higher among 11th-grade male (8.0%) than 11th-grade female (4.5%) students. The prevalence of not having eaten vegetables was higher among black (10.9%) and Hispanic (8.5%) than white (4.9%) students, higher among black (10.9%) than Hispanic (8.5%) students, higher among black female (8.8%) and Hispanic female (7.7%) than white female (3.7%) students, higher among black male (13.0%) and Hispanic male (9.2%) than white male (6.0%) students, and higher among black male (13.0%) than Hispanic male (9.2%) students.

During 1999–2015, a significant linear increase occurred overall in the prevalence of not having eaten vegetables (4.2%–6.7%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of not having eaten vegetables did not change significantly from 2013 (6.6%) to 2015 (6.7%).

Across 32 states, the prevalence of not having eaten vegetables ranged from 3.3% to 11.3% (median: 7.0%) ( Table 88). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 5.6% to 11.7% (median: 10.7%).

Ate Vegetables One or More Times per Day

Nationwide, 61.0% of students had eaten vegetables one or more times per day during the 7 days before the survey (Table 87). The prevalence of having eaten vegetables one or more times per day was higher among black male (56.5%) than black female (48.0%) students. The prevalence of having eaten vegetables one or more times per day was higher among white (64.2%) and Hispanic (56.5%) than black (52.5%) students, higher among white (64.2%) than Hispanic (56.5%) students, higher among white female (64.5%) and Hispanic female (55.3%) than black female (48.0%) students, higher among white female (64.5%) than Hispanic female (55.3%) students, and higher among white male (64.0%) than black male (56.5%) and Hispanic male (57.7%) students. The prevalence of having eaten vegetables one or more times per day was higher among 11th-grade (62.5%) and 12th-grade (63.5%) than 9th-grade (58.6%) students, higher among 12th-grade (63.5%) than 10th-grade (59.9%) students, and higher among 12th-grade female (63.1%) than 9th-grade female (57.3%) and 10th-grade female (58.6%) students.

During 1999–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of having eaten vegetables one or more times per day. The prevalence of having eaten vegetables one or more times per day did not change significantly from 2013 (61.5%) to 2015 (61.0%).

Across 32 states, the prevalence of having eaten vegetables one or more times per day ranged from 46.7% to 72.3% (median: 59.1%) (Table 88). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 48.7% to 61.1% (median: 54.3%).

Ate Vegetables Two or More Times per Day

Nationwide, 28.0% of students had eaten vegetables two or more times per day during the 7 days before the survey ( Table 89). The prevalence of having eaten vegetables two or more times per day was higher among male (29.6%) than female (26.5%) students and higher among black male (25.7%) and Hispanic male (30.3%) than black female (17.9%) and Hispanic female (23.8%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having eaten vegetables two or more times per day was higher among white (28.6%) and Hispanic (27.2%) than black (22.0%) students, higher among white female (29.1%) and Hispanic female (23.8%) than black female (17.9%) students, and higher among white female (29.1%) than Hispanic female (23.8%) students. The prevalence of having eaten vegetables two or more times per day was higher among 12th-grade female (29.8%) than 9th-grade female (24.2%) students.

During 1999–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of having eaten vegetables two or more times per day. The prevalence of having eaten vegetables two or more times per day did not change significantly from 2013 (28.4%) to 2015 (28.0%).

Across 32 states, the prevalence of having eaten vegetables two or more times per day ranged from 18.5% to 36.3% (median: 25.2%) ( Table 90). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 19.0% to 27.4% (median: 23.2%).

Ate Vegetables Three or More Times per Day

Nationwide, 14.8% of students had eaten vegetables three or more times per day during the 7 days before the survey (Table 89). The prevalence of having eaten vegetables three or more times per day was higher among male (16.6%) than female (12.9%) students; higher among Hispanic male (18.8%) than Hispanic female (12.7%) students; and higher among 9th-grade male (17.1%) and 10th-grade male (15.9%) than 9th-grade female (11.6%) and 10th-grade female (11.2%), respectively. The prevalence of having eaten vegetables three or more times per day was higher among Hispanic (15.8%) than white (13.5%) students and higher among Hispanic male (18.8%) than white male (13.9%) students. The prevalence of having eaten vegetables three or more times per day was higher among 12th-grade (16.0%) than 10th-grade (13.5%) students and higher among 11th-grade female (13.9%) than 10th-grade female (11.2%) students.

During 1999–2015, a significant linear increase occurred in the prevalence of having eaten vegetables three or more times per day (14.0%–14.8%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having eaten vegetables three or more times per day did not change significantly from 2013 (15.7%) to 2015 (14.8%).

Across 32 states, the prevalence of having eaten vegetables three or more times per day ranged from 9.1% to 18.1% (median: 12.6%) (Table 90). Across 16 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 9.5% to 16.8% (median: 12.6%).

Did Not Drink Milk

Nationwide, 21.5% of students had not drunk milk during the 7 days before the survey ( Table 91). The prevalence of not having drunk milk was higher among female (28.4%) than male (15.1%) students; higher among white female (24.4%), black female (44.6%), and Hispanic female (26.3%) than white male (12.1%), black male (25.8%), and Hispanic male (13.0%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (27.0%), 10th-grade female (26.9%), 11th-grade female (31.7%), and 12th-grade female (28.2%) than 9th-grade male (15.6%), 10th-grade male (14.1%), 11th-grade male (14.2%), and 12th-grade male (16.6%) students, respectively. The prevalence of not having drunk milk was higher among black (34.7%) than white (18.3%) and Hispanic (19.6%) students, higher among black female (44.6%) than white female (24.4%) and Hispanic female (26.3%) students, and higher among black male (25.8%) than white male (12.1%) and Hispanic male (13.0%) student s. The prevalence of not having drunk milk was higher among 11th-grade female (31.7%) than 9th-grade female (27.0%) students.

During 1999–2015, a significant linear increase occurred overall in the prevalence of not having drunk milk (17.0%–21.5%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of not having drunk milk did not change significantly during 1999–2011 (17.0%–17.3%) and then increased during 2011–2015 (17.3%–21.5%). The prevalence of not having drunk milk did not change significantly from 2013 (19.4%) to 2015 (21.5%).

Across 28 states, the prevalence of not having drunk milk ranged from 13.9% to 31.7% (median: 22.6%) ( Table 92). Across 15 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 20.7% to 36.9% (median: 27.5%).

Drank One or More Glasses of Milk per Day

Nationwide, 37.5% of students had drunk one or more glasses of milk per day during the 7 days before the survey (Table 91). The prevalence of having drunk one or more glasses of milk per day was higher among male (46.2%) than female (28.2%) students; higher among white male (50.6%), black male (31.8%), and Hispanic male (45.1%) than white female (32.0%), black female (17.7%), and Hispanic female (27.2%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (47.0%), 10th-grade male (49.2%), 11th-grade male (44.7%), and 12th-grade male (43.8%) than 9th-grade female (29.3%), 10th-grade female (30.1%), 11th-grade female (26.3%), and 12th-grade female (26.5%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having drunk one or more glasses of milk per day was higher among white (41.2%) and Hispanic (36.2%) than black (25.1%) students, higher among white (41.2%) than Hispanic (36.2%) students, higher among white female (32.0%) and Hispanic fema le (27.2%) than black female (17.7%) students, higher among white female (32.0%) than Hispanic female (27.2%) students, and higher among white male (50.6%) and Hispanic male (45.1%) than black male (31.8%) students.

During 1999–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having drunk one or more glasses of milk per day (47.1%–37.5%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having drunk one or more glasses of milk per day did not change significantly from 2013 (40.3%) to 2015 (37.5%).

Across 28 states, the prevalence of having drunk one or more glasses of milk per day ranged from 23.0% to 51.6% (median: 34.0%) (Table 92). Across 15 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 16.2% to 34.1% (median: 26.1%).

Drank Two or More Glasses of Milk per Day

Nationwide, 22.4% of students had drunk two or more glasses of milk per day during the 7 days before the survey ( Table 93). The prevalence of having drunk two or more glasses of milk per day was higher among male (29.6%) than female (14.6%) students; higher among white male (32.9%), black male (21.0%), and Hispanic male (28.3%) than white female (17.8%), black female (5.8%), and Hispanic female (12.8%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (32.5%), 10th-grade male (30.8%), 11th-grade male (29.2%), and 12th-grade male (25.4%) than 9th-grade female (16.7%), 10th-grade female (14.8%), 11th-grade female (13.7%), and 12th-grade female (12.5%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having drunk two or more glasses of milk per day was higher among white (25.3%) and Hispanic (20.6%) than black (13.8%) students, higher among white (25.3%) than Hispanic (20.6%) students, higher among white female (17.8%) and Hispanic female (12.8%) than black female (5.8%) students, higher among white female (17.8%) than Hispanic female (12.8%) students, and higher among white male (32.9%) and Hispanic male (28.3%) than black male (21.0%) students. The prevalence of having drunk two or more glasses of milk per day was higher among 9th-grade (25.1%) than 11th-grade (21.9%) and 12th-grade (19.0%) students, higher among 9th-grade female (16.7%) than 12th-grade female (12.5%) students, and higher among 9th-grade male (32.5%) than 12th-grade male (25.4%) students.

During 1999–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having drunk two or more glasses of milk per day (33.6%–22.4%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having drunk two or more glasses of milk per day did not change significantly from 2013 (25.9%) to 2015 (22.4%).

Across 28 states, the prevalence of having drunk two or more glasses of milk per day ranged from 12.6% to 35.8% (median: 20.0%) ( Table 94). Across 15 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 8.2% to 20.2% (median: 14.6%).

Drank Three or More Glasses of Milk per Day

Nationwide, 10.2% of students had drunk three or more glasses of milk per day during the 7 days before the survey (Table 93). The prevalence of having drunk three or more glasses of milk per day was higher among male (14.8%) than female (5.4%) students; higher among white male (16.1%), black male (10.3%), and Hispanic male (15.0%) than white female (6.4%), black female (3.0%), and Hispanic female (4.9%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (15.7%), 10th-grade male (17.0%), 11th-grade male (13.8%), and 12th-grade male (12.1%) than 9th-grade female (6.9%), 10th-grade female (5.1%), 11th-grade female (4.6%), and 12th-grade female (4.6%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having drunk three or more glasses of milk per day was higher among white (11.2%) and Hispanic (10.0%) than black (6.9%) students, higher among white female (6.4%) than black female (3.0%) students, and higher among white male (16.1%) and Hispanic male (15.0%) than black male (10.3%) students. The prevalence of having drunk three or more glasses of milk per day was higher among 9th-grade (11.5%) and 10th-grade (11.0%) than 12th-grade (8.4%) students and higher among 9th-grade male (15.7%) and 10th-grade male (17.0%) than 12th-grade male (13.8%) students.

During 1999–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having drunk three or more glasses of milk per day (18.0%–10.2%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having drunk three or more glasses of milk per day decreased significantly from 2013 (12.5%) to 2015 (10.2%).

Across 28 states, the prevalence of having drunk three or more glasses of milk per day ranged from 5.8% to 17.9% (median: 9.0%) (Table 94). Across 15 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 4.1% to 9.9% (median: 7.1%).

Did Not Drink Soda or Pop

Nationwide, 26.2% of students had not drunk soda or pop (not including diet soda or diet pop) during the 7 days before the survey ( Table 95). The prevalence of not having drunk soda or pop was higher among female (31.0%) than male (21.4%) students; higher among white female (33.3%) and Hispanic female (26.3%) than white male (21.6%) and Hispanic male (19.0%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (30.3%), 10th-grade female (28.7%), 11th-grade female (33.3%), and 12th-grade female (31.9%) than 9th-grade male (21.6%), 10th-grade male (20.5%), 11th-grade male (19.8%), and 12th-grade male (23.6%) students, respectively. The prevalence of not having drunk soda or pop was higher among white (27.5%) than black (22.8%) and Hispanic (22.6%) students and higher among white female (33.3%) than black female (22.6%) and Hispanic female (26.3%) students. The prevalence of not having drunk soda or pop was higher among 12th-grade (27.7%) than 10th-grade (24.6%) students, higher among 11th-grade female (33.3%) than 10th-grade female (28.7%) students, and higher among 12th-grade male (23.6%) than 10th-grade male (20.5%) students.

During 2007–2015, a significant linear increase occurred overall in the prevalence of not having drunk soda or pop (18.6%–26.2%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of not having drunk soda or pop increased significantly from 2013 (22.3%) to 2015 (26.2%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of not having drunk soda or pop ranged from 18.7% to 37.0% (median: 26.0%) ( Table 96). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 18.9% to 39.0% (median: 27.6%).

Drank Soda or Pop One or More Times per Day

Nationwide, 20.4% of students had drunk a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop (not counting diet soda or diet pop) one or more times per day during the 7 days before the survey (Table 95). The prevalence of having drunk soda or pop one or more times per day was higher among male (24.3%) than female (16.4%) students; higher among white male (24.5%) and Hispanic male (25.1%) than white female (15.0%) and Hispanic female (18.1%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (22.4%), 10th-grade male (25.4%), 11th-grade male (25.6%), and 12th-grade male (24.2%) than 9th-grade female (16.1%), 10th-grade female (16.2%), 11th-grade female (15.1%), and 12th-grade female (17.9%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having drunk soda or pop one or more times per day was higher among black female (21.6%) than white female (15.0%) students.

During 2007–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having drunk soda or pop one or more times per day (33.8%–20.4%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having drunk soda or pop one or more times per day decreased significantly from 2013 (27.0%) to 2015 (20.4%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of having drunk soda or pop one or more times per day ranged from 11.9% to 32.4% (median: 19.0%) (Table 96). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 9.6% to 27.5% (median: 18.9%).

Drank Soda or Pop Two or More Times per Day

Nationwide, 13.0% of students had drunk a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop (not counting diet soda or diet pop) two or more times per day during the 7 days before the survey ( Table 97). The prevalence of having drunk soda or pop two or more times per day was higher among male (15.6%) than female (10.4%) students; higher among white male (15.1%) and Hispanic male (17.4%) than white female (9.1%) and Hispanic female (11.4%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (14.6%), 10th-grade male (15.8%), 11th-grade male (16.1%), and 12th-grade male (16.0%) than 9th-grade female (10.0%), 10th-grade female (10.2%), 11th-grade female (10.5%), and 12th-grade female (10.5%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having drunk soda or pop two or more times per day was higher among black female (15.0%) than white female (9.1%) students.

During 2007–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having drunk soda or pop two or more times per day (24.4%–13.0%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having drunk soda or pop two or more times per day decreased significantly from 2013 (19.4%) to 2015 (13.0%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of having drunk soda or pop two or more times per day ranged from 7.3% to 23.3% (median: 11.8%) ( Table 98). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 6.0% to 19.2% (median: 12.0%).

Drank Soda or Pop Three or More Times per Day

Nationwide, 7.1% of students had drunk a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop (not counting diet soda or diet pop) three or more times per day during the 7 days before the survey (Table 97). The prevalence of having drunk soda or pop three or more times per day was higher among male (8.3%) than female (5.9%) students; higher among white male (7.2%) and Hispanic male (9.4%) than white female (4.7%) and Hispanic female (6.7%) students, respectively; and higher among 10th-grade male (9.1%) and 12th-grade male (8.4%) than 10th-grade female (6.0%) and 12th-grade female (5.5%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having drunk soda or pop three or more times per day was higher among black (9.5%) and Hispanic (8.1%) than white (5.9%) students and higher among black female (9.9%) than white female (4.7%) students.

During 2007–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having drunk soda or pop three or more times per day (14.4%–7.1%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having drunk soda or pop three or more times per day decreased significantly from 2013 (11.2%) to 2015 (7.1%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of having drunk soda or pop three or more times per day ranged from 4.0% to 13.5% (median: 6.6%) (Table 98). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 2.6% to13.5% (median: 7.6%).

Did Not Drink Sports Drinks

Nationwide, 42.4% of students had not drunk a can, bottle, or glass of a sports drink (not counting low-calorie sports drinks) during the 7 days before the survey ( Table 99). The prevalence of not having drunk a sports drink was higher among female (52.7%) than male (32.3%) students; higher among white female (55.8%), black female (45.7%), and Hispanic female (45.2%) than white male (33.5%), black male (25.9%), and Hispanic male (27.6%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (49.7%), 10th-grade female (51.4%), 11th-grade female (53.4%), and 12th-grade female (57.1%) than 9th-grade male (31.3%), 10th-grade male (31.2%), 11th-grade male (29.8%), and 12th-grade male (36.9%) students, respectively. The prevalence of not having drunk a sports drink was higher among white (44.6%) than black (36.0%) and Hispanic (36.2%) students, higher among white female (55.8%) than black female (45.7%) and Hispanic female (45.2%) students, and higher among white male (33.5%) than black male (25.9%) and Hispanic male (27.6%) students. The prevalence of not having drunk a sports drink was higher among 12th-grade (46.8%) than 9th-grade (40.0%) and 10th-grade (41.6%) students and higher among 12th-grade female (57.1%) than 9th-grade female (49.7%) and 10th-grade female (51.4%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of not having drunk a sports drink was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

This question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. As a result, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of not having drunk a sports drink are not available.

Drank Sports Drinks One or More Times per Day

Nationwide, 13.8% of students had drunk a can, bottle, or glass of a sports drink (not counting low- calorie sports drinks) one or more times per day during the 7 days before the survey (Table 99). The prevalence of having drunk a sports drink one or more times per day was higher among male (18.7%) than female (8.8%) students; higher among white male (18.1%), black male (25.2%), and Hispanic male (19.0%) than white female (6.7%), black female (14.3%), and Hispanic female (12.2%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (18.5%), 10th-grade male (20.5%), 11th-grade male (21.1%), and 12th-grade male (14.5%) than 9th-grade female (9.9%), 10th-grade female (9.6%), 11th-grade female (9.0%), and 12th-grade female (6.5%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having drunk a sports drink one or more times per day was higher among black (19.7%) and Hispanic (15.7%) than white (12.4%) students, higher among black female (14.3% ) and Hispanic female (12.2%) than white female (6.7%) students, and higher among black male (25.2%) than white male (18.1%) students. The prevalence of having drunk a sports drink one or more times per day was higher among 9th-grade (14.4%), 10th-grade (14.9%), and 11th-grade (15.3%) than 12th-grade (10.6%) students, higher among 9th-grade female (9.9%) and 10th-grade female (9.6%) than 12th-grade female (6.5%) students, and higher among 10th-grade male (20.5%) and 11th-grade male (21.1%) than 12th-grade male (14.5%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of having drunk a sports drink one or more times per day was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

This question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. As a result, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of having drunk a sports drink one or more times per day are not available.

Drank Sports Drinks Two or More Times per Day

Nationwide, 8.3% of students had drunk a can, bottle, or glass of a sports drink (not counting low- calorie sports drinks) two or more times per day during the 7 days before the survey ( Table 100). The prevalence of having drunk a sports drink two or more times per day was higher among male (11.2%) than female (5.4%) students; higher among white male (9.0%), black male (21.4%), and Hispanic male (13.0%) than white female (3.5%), black female (10.1%), and Hispanic female (7.9%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (10.6%), 10th-grade male (12.8%), 11th-grade male (12.4%), and 12th-grade male (9.0%) than 9th-grade female (5.4%), 10th-grade female (5.8%), 11th-grade female (5.9%), and 12th-grade female (4.1%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having drunk a sports drink two or more times per day was higher among black (15.8%) and Hispanic (10.5%) than white (6.3%) students, higher among black (15.8%) than Hispanic (10.5%) students, higher among black female (10.1%) and Hispanic female (7.9%) than white female (3.5%) students, higher among black male (21.4%) and Hispanic male (13.0%) than white male (9.0%) students, and higher among black male (21.4%) than Hispanic male (13.0%) students. The prevalence of having drunk a sports drink two or more times per day was higher among 10th-grade (9.2%) and 11th-grade (9.3%) than 12th-grade (6.6%) students and higher among 10th-grade male (12.8%) and 11th-grade male (12.4%) than 12th-grade male (9.0%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of having drunk a sports drink two or more times per day was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

This question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. As a result, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of having drunk a sports drink two or more times per day are not available.

Drank Sports Drinks Three or More Times per Day

Nationwide, 4.8% of students had drunk a can, bottle, or glass of a sports drink (not counting low-calorie sports drinks) three or more times per day during the 7 days before the survey (Table 100). The prevalence of having drunk a sports drink three or more times per day was higher among male (6.3%) than female (3.1%) students; higher among white male (4.3%), black male (13.1%), and Hispanic male (8.7%) than white female (1.9%), black female (5.1%), and Hispanic female (5.4%) students, respectively; and higher among 10th-grade male (8.3%), 11th-grade male (6.6%), and 12th-grade male (5.5%) than 10th-grade female (3.4%), 11th-grade female (3.6%), and 12th-grade female (2.1%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having drunk a sports drink three or more times per day was higher among black (9.2%) and Hispanic (7.1%) than white (3.1%) students, higher among black female (5.1%) and Hispanic female (5.4%) than white female (1.9%) s tudents, and higher among black male (13.1%) and Hispanic male (8.7%) than white male (4.3%) students. The prevalence of having drunk a sports drink three or more times per day was higher among 10th-grade (5.8%) than 9th-grade (4.2%) and 12th-grade (3.8%) students, higher among 11th-grade (5.2%) than 12th-grade (3.8%) students, and higher among 10th-grade male (8.3%) than 9th-grade male (5.0%) and 12th-grade male (5.5%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of having drunk a sports drink three or more times per day was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

This question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. As a result, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of having drunk a sports drink three or more times per day are not available.

Did Not Drink Water

Nationwide, 3.5% of students had not drunk water during the 7 days before the survey ( Table 101). The prevalence of not having drunk water was higher among black (8.7%) than white (2.7%) and Hispanic (3.3%) students, higher among black female (9.0%) than white female (2.5%) and Hispanic female (2.8%) students, and higher among black male (7.8%) than white male (2.9%) and Hispanic male (3.8%) students. The prevalence of not having drunk water was higher among 10th-grade female (4.4%) than 11th-grade female (2.0%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of not having drunk water was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

This question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. As a result, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of not having drunk water are not available.

Drank One or More Glasses of Water per Day

Nationwide, 73.6% of students had drunk one or more glasses of water per day during the 7 days before the survey (Table 101). The prevalence of having drunk one or more glasses of water per day was higher among white (76.6%) and Hispanic (71.6%) than black (60.2%) students, higher among white (76.6%) than Hispanic (71.6%) students, higher among white female (77.2%) and Hispanic female (70.6%) than black female (58.4%) students, higher among white female (77.2%) than Hispanic female (70.6%) students, and higher among white male (76.4%) and Hispanic male (72.5%) than black male (62.0%) students. The prevalence of having drunk one or more glasses of water per day was higher among 11th-grade (75.0%) and 12th-grade (75.3%) than 9th-grade (71.2%) students and higher among 11th-grade female (76.0%) than 9th-grade female (70.9%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of having drunk one or more glasses of water per day was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

This question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. As a result, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of having drunk one or more glasses of water per day are not available.

Drank Two or More Glasses of Water per Day

Nationwide, 64.3% of students had drunk two or more glasses of water per day during the 7 days before the survey ( Table 102). The prevalence of having drunk two or more glasses of water per day was higher among 10th-grade male (67.5%) than 10th-grade female (60.6%) students. The prevalence of having drunk two or more glasses of water per day was higher among white (66.3%) and Hispanic (63.7%) than black (50.8%) students, higher among white female (65.7%) and Hispanic female (62.7%) than black female (47.4%) students, and higher among white male (67.2%) and Hispanic male (64.7%) than black male (54.1%) students. The prevalence of having drunk two or more glasses of water per day was higher among 11th-grade (65.8%) and 12th-grade (66.6%) than 9th-grade (61.3%) students, higher among 12th-grade (66.6%) than 10th-grade (63.9%) students, higher among 11th-grade female (66.1%) than 9th-grade female (61.3%) and 10th-grade female (60.6%) st udents, and higher among 10th-grade male (67.5%) and 12th-grade male (67.6%) than 9th-grade male (61.7%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of having drunk two or more glasses of water per day was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

This question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. As a result, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of having drunk two or more glasses of water per day are not available.

Drank Three or More Glasses of Water per Day

Nationwide, 49.5% of students had drunk three or more glasses of water per day during the 7 days before the survey (Table 102). The prevalence of having drunk three or more glasses of water per day was higher among male (51.0%) than female (48.1%) students and higher among Hispanic male (52.5%) than Hispanic female (47.9%) students. The prevalence of having drunk three or more glasses of water per day was higher among white (49.9%) and Hispanic (50.3%) than black (39.1%) students, higher among white female (49.7%) and Hispanic female (47.9%) than black female (35.7%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (52.5%) than black male (42.2%) students. The prevalence of having drunk three or more glasses of water per day was higher among 11th-grade female (51.4%) than 10th-grade female (46.1%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of having drunk three or more glasses of water per day was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

This question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. As a result, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of having drunk three or more glasses of water per day are not available.

Did Not Eat Breakfast

Nationwide, 13.8% of students had not eaten breakfast during the 7 days before the survey ( Table 103). The prevalence of having not eaten breakfast was higher among 9th-grade female (14.8%) than 9th-grade male (10.9%) students. The prevalence of having not eaten breakfast was higher among black (18.0%) and Hispanic (14.7%) than white (12.0%) students, higher among black female (19.3%) than white female (12.5%) students, and higher among black male (16.8%) than white male (11.3%) students. The prevalence of having not eaten breakfast was higher among 11th-grade male (14.2%) and 12th-grade male (14.8%) than 9th-grade male (10.9%) students.

During 2011–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified. The prevalence of having not eaten breakfast did not change significantly from 2013 (13.7%) to 2015 (13.8%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of having not eaten breakfast ranged from 10.3% to 20.1% (median: 14.6%) ( Table 104). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 11.6% to 23.8% (median: 16.4%).

Ate Breakfast on All 7 Days

Nationwide, 36.3% of students had eaten breakfast on all 7 days before the survey (Table 103). The prevalence of having eaten breakfast on all 7 days was higher among male (40.5%) than female (32.1%) students; higher among white male (43.3%), black male (30.8%), and Hispanic male (39.5%) than white female (34.8%), black female (24.7%), and Hispanic female (30.1%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (46.6%), 10th-grade male (42.3%), and 11th-grade male (37.1%) than 9th-grade female (31.9%), 10th-grade female (31.1%), and 11th-grade female (32.4%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having eaten breakfast on all 7 days was higher among white (39.0%) and Hispanic (34.8%) than black (27.9%) students, higher among white female (34.8%) than black female (24.7%) students, and higher among white male (43.3%) and Hispanic male (39.5%) than black male (30.8%) students. The prevalence of having eaten breakfast on all 7 days was higher among 9th-grade (39.6%) than 11th-grade (34.6%) and 12th-grade (33.8%) students; higher among 9th-grade male (46.6%) than 10th-grade male (42.3%), 11th-grade male (37.1%), and 12th-grade male (34.7%) students, and higher among 10th-grade male (42.3%) than 11th-grade male (37.1%) and 12th-grade male (34.7%) students.

During 2011–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified. The prevalence of having eaten breakfast on all 7 days did not change significantly from 2013 (38.1%) to 2015 (36.3%).

Across 33 states, the prevalence of having eaten breakfast on all 7 days ranged from 26.6% to 42.1% (median: 34.8%) (Table 104). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 16.4% to 44.6% (median: 31.0%).

Physical Activity

Did Not Participate in at Least 60 Minutes of Physical Activity on at Least 1 Day

Nationwide, 14.3% of students had not participated in at least 60 minutes of any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time on at least 1 day during the 7 days before the survey (i.e., did not participate in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on at least 1 day) ( Table 105). The prevalence of not having participated in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on at least 1 day was higher among female (17.5%) than male (11.1%) students; higher among white female (14.3%), black female (25.2%), and Hispanic female (19.2%) than white male (8.8%), black male (16.2%), and Hispanic male (11.9%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (14.7%), 10th-grade female (15.8%), 11th-grade female (18.2%), and 12th-grade female (21.4%) than 9th-grade male (9.5%), 10th-grade male (10.4%), 11th-grade male (12.4%), and 12th-grade male (12.4%) students, respectively. The prevalence of not having participated in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on at least 1 day was higher among black (20.4%) and Hispanic (15.6%) than white (11.6%) students, higher among black (20.4%) than Hispanic (15.6%) students, higher among black female (25.2%) and Hispanic female (19.2%) than white female (14.3%) students, higher among black female (25.2%) than Hispanic female (19.2%) students, and higher among black male (16.2%) than white male (8.8%) students. The prevalence of not having participated in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on at least 1 day was higher among 11th-grade (15.5%) and 12th-grade (16.9%) than 9th-grade (12.0%) students, higher among 12th-grade (16.9%) than 10th-grade (13.1%) students, higher among 11th-grade female (18.2%) and 12th-grade female (21.4%) than 9th-grade female (14.7%) students; higher among 12th-grade female (21.4%) than 10th-grade female (15.8%) students, and higher among 11th-grade male (12.4%) than 9th-grade male (9.5%) students.

During 2011–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of not having participated in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on at least 1 day. The prevalence of not having participated in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on at least 1 day did not change significantly from 2013 (15.2%) to 2015 (14.3%).

Across 37 states, the prevalence of not having participated in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on at least 1 day ranged from 10.7% to 22.9% (median: 15.9%) ( Table 106). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 13.2% to 30.1% (median: 21.6%).

Physically Active at Least 60 Minutes per Day on 5 or More Days

Nationwide, 48.6% of students had been physically active doing any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time for a total of at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days during the 7 days before the survey (i.e., physically active at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days) (Table 105). The prevalence of having been physically active at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days was higher among male (57.8%) than female (39.1%) students; higher among white male (62.0%), black male (52.2%), and Hispanic male (53.5%) than white female (43.5%), black female (33.4%), and Hispanic female (33.1%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (62.3%), 10th-grade male (58.7%), 11th-grade male (56.3%), and 12th-grade male (53.3%) than 9th-grade female (43.9%), 10th-grade female (41.9%), 11th-grade female (36.6%), and 12th-grade female (33.4%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having been physically active at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days was higher among white (52.7%) than black (43.5%) and Hispanic (43.4%) students, higher among white female (43.5%) than black female (33.4%) and Hispanic female (33.1%) students, and higher among white male (62.0%) than black male (52.2%) and Hispanic male (53.5%) students. The prevalence of having been physically active at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days was higher among 9th-grade (53.7%) than 11th-grade (46.5%) and 12th-grade (43.5%) students, higher among 10th-grade (50.2%) than 12th-grade (43.5%) students, higher among 9th-grade female (43.9%) than 11th-grade female (36.6%) and 12th-grade female (33.4%) students, higher among 10th-grade female (41.9%) than 12th-grade female (33.4%) students, and higher among 9th-grade male (62.3%) than 11th-grade male (56.3%) and 12th-grade male (53.3%) students.

During 2011–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of having been physically active at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days. The prevalence of having been physically active at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days did not change significantly from 2013 (47.3%) to 2015 (48.6%).

Across 37 states, the prevalence of having been physically active at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days ranged from 34.2% to 54.0% (median: 45.3%) (Table 106). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 28.1% to 51.1% (median: 36.1%).

Physically Active at Least 60 Minutes per Day on All 7 Days

Nationwide, 27.1% of students had been physically active doing any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time for a total of at least 60 minutes per day on each of the 7 days before the survey (i.e., physically active at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days) ( Table 107). The prevalence of having been physically active at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days was higher among male (36.0%) than female (17.7%) students; higher among white male (38.5%), black male (30.8%), and Hispanic male (34.2%) than white female (19.5%), black female (16.6%), and Hispanic female (14.7%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (40.1%), 10th-grade male (36.7%), 11th-grade male (34.3%), and 12th-grade male (32.6%) than 9th-grade female (20.9%), 10th-grade female (19.0%), 11th-grade female (16.0%), and 12th-grade female (14.3%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having been physically active at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days was higher among white (29.0%) than black (24.2%) and Hispanic (24.6%) students, higher among white female (19.5%) than Hispanic female (14.7%) students, and higher among white male (38.5%) than black male (30.8%) students. The prevalence of having been physically active at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days was higher among 9th-grade (31.0%) than 10th-grade (27.8%), 11th-grade (25.3%), and 12th-grade (23.5%) students; higher among 10th-grade (27.8%) than 12th-grade (25.3%) students; higher among 9th-grade female (20.9%) than 11th-grade female (16.0%) and 12th-grade female (14.3%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (19.0%) than 12th-grade female (14.3%) students; and higher among 9th-grade male (40.1%) than 11th-grade male (34.3%) and 12th-grade male (32.6%) students.

During 2011–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of having been physically active at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days. The prevalence of having been physically active at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days did not change significantly from 2013 (27.1%) to 2015 (27.1%).

Across 37 states, the prevalence of having been physically active at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days ranged from 19.5% to 32.2% (median: 25.3%) ( Table 108). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 15.8% to 27.0% (median: 19.7%).

Participated in Muscle Strengthening Activities

Nationwide, 53.4% of students had participated in muscle strengthening exercises (e.g., push-ups, sit-ups, or weight lifting) on 3 or more days during the 7 days before the survey (Table 107). The prevalence of having participated in muscle strengthening exercises on 3 or more days was higher among male (63.7%) than female (42.7%) students; higher among white male (63.0%), black male (69.8%), and Hispanic male (64.4%) than white female (46.1%), black female (34.5%), and Hispanic female (39.9%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (64.9%), 10th-grade male (67.3%), 11th-grade male (62.5%), and 12th-grade male (59.9%) than 9th-grade female (48.2%), 10th-grade female (43.0%), 11th-grade female (39.3%), and 12th-grade female (39.9%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having participated in muscle strengthening exercises on 3 or more days was higher among white female (46.1%) than black female (34.5%) and Hispanic female (39.9%) students and higher among black male (69.8%) than white male (63.0%) students. The prevalence of having participated in muscle strengthening exercises on 3 or more days was higher among 9th-grade (56.9%) and 10th-grade (54.9%) than 11th-grade (51.1%) and 12th-grade (50.0%) students; higher among 9th-grade female (48.2%) than 10th-grade female (43.0%), 11th-grade female (39.3%), and 12th-grade female (39.9%) students; and higher among 10th-grade male (67.3%) than 11th-grade male (62.5%) and 12th-grade male (59.9%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear increase occurred overall in the prevalence of having participated in muscle strengthening exercises on 3 or more days (47.8%–53.4%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having participated in muscle strengthening exercises on 3 or more days did not change significantly from 2013 (51.7%) to 2015 (53.4%).

This question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. Consequently, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of having participated in muscle strengthening exercises on 3 or more days are not available.

Used Computers 3 or More Hours per Day

Nationwide, 41.7% of students played video or computer games or used a computer for something that was not school work for 3 or more hours per day on an average school day (i.e., used computers 3 or more hours per day) ( Table 109). The prevalence of having used computers 3 or more hours per day was higher among 9th-grade female (48.7%) than 9th-grade male (42.5%) students. The prevalence of having used computers 3 or more hours per day was higher among black (44.6%) and Hispanic (46.2%) than white (38.6%) students, higher among black female (48.4%) and Hispanic female (47.4%) than white female (38.3%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (45.1%) than white male (38.9%) students. The prevalence of having used computers 3 or more hours per day was higher among 9th-grade (45.4%) than 11th-grade (37.2%) and 12th-grade (40.5%) students; higher among 10th-grade (43.4%) than 11th-grade (37.2%) students; higher among 9th-grade female (4 8.7%) than 10th-grade female (43.3%), 11th-grade female (38.1%), and 12th-grade female (40.4%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (43.3%) than 11th-grade female (38.1%) students; and higher among 9th-grade male (42.5%), 10th-grade male (43.4%), and 12th-grade male (40.8%) than 11th-grade male (36.1%) students.

During 2003–2015, a significant linear increase occurred overall in the prevalence of having used computers 3 or more hours per day (22.1%–41.7%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of having used computers 3 or more hours per day increased during 2003–2009 (22.1%–24.9%) and then increased more rapidly during 2009–2015 (24.9%–41.7%). The prevalence of having used computers 3 or more hours per day did not change significantly from 2013 (41.3%) to 2015 (41.7%).

Across 36 states, the prevalence of having used computers 3 or more hours per day ranged from 30.1% to 45.6% (median: 38.7%) ( Table 110). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 33.8% to 47.7% (median: 41.7%).

Watched Television 3 or More Hours per Day

Nationwide, 24.7% of students watched television 3 or more hours per day on an average school day (Table 109). The prevalence of having watched television 3 or more hours per day was higher among black (39.2%) and Hispanic (28.2%) than white (20.0%) students, higher among black (39.2%) than Hispanic (28.2%) students, higher among black female (41.5%) and Hispanic female (29.2%) than white female (18.8%) students, higher among black female (41.5%) than Hispanic female (29.2%) students, higher among black male (37.0%) and Hispanic male (27.4%) than white male (21.4%) students, and higher among black male (37.0%) than Hispanic male (27.4%) students.

During 1999–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of having watched television 3 or more hours per day (42.8%–24.7%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having watched television 3 or more hours per day decreased significantly from 2013 (32.5%) to 2015 (24.7%).

Across 35 states, the prevalence of having watched television 3 or more hours per day ranged from 18.9% to 33.4% (median: 23.1%) (Table 110). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 19.7% to 35.9% (median: 29.3%).

Attended Physical Education Classes

Nationwide, 51.6% of students went to physical education (PE) classes on 1 or more days in an average week when they were in school (i.e., attended PE classes) ( Table 111). The prevalence of having attended PE classes was higher among male (55.3%) than female (47.8%) students; higher among black male (65.4%) and Hispanic male (60.5%) than black female (52.2%) and Hispanic female (50.1%) students, respectively; and higher among 10th-grade male (61.3%) and 12th-grade male (42.9%) than 10th-grade female (53.9%) and 12th-grade female (29.1%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having attended PE classes was higher among black (59.2%) than white (48.4%) students and higher among black male (65.4%) and Hispanic male (60.5%) than white male (51.0%) students. The prevalence of having attended PE classes was higher among 9th-grade (71.4%) than 10th-grade (57.5%), 11th-grade (38.5%), and 12th-grade (36.1%) students; higher among 10th-gr ade (57.5%) than 11th-grade (38.5%) and 12th-grade (36.1%) students; higher among 9th-grade female (70.4%) than 10th-grade female (53.9%), 11th-grade female (34.6%), and 12th-grade female (29.1%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (53.9%) than 11th-grade female (34.6%) and 12th-grade female (29.1%) students; higher among 11th-grade female (34.6%) than 12th-grade female (29.1%) students; higher among 9th-grade male (72.2%) than 10th-grade male (61.3%), 11th-grade male (42.2%), and 12th-grade male (42.9%) students; and higher among 10th-grade male (61.3%) than 11th-grade male (42.2%) and 12th-grade male (42.9%) students.

During 1991–2015, linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of having attended PE classes. The prevalence of having attended PE classes also did not change significantly from 2013 (48.0%) to 2015 (51.6%).

Across 35 states, the prevalence of having attended PE classes ranged from 29.9% to 87.8% (median: 44.3%) ( Table 112). Across 14 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 33.4% to 84.0% (median: 45.3%).

Attended Physical Education Classes Daily

Nationwide, 29.8% of students went to physical education (PE) classes on all 5 days in an average week when they were in school (i.e., attended PE classes daily) (Table 111). The prevalence of having attended PE classes daily was higher among male (33.8%) than female (25.5%) students; higher among white male (29.6%), black male (38.9%), and Hispanic male (42.4%) than white female (21.1%), black female (32.2%), and Hispanic female (33.0%) students, respectively; and higher among 10th-grade male (36.1%), 11th-grade male (25.2%), and 12th-grade male (27.9%) than 10th-grade female (27.0%), 11th-grade female (18.1%), and 12th-grade female (16.0%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having attended PE classes daily was higher among black (35.8%) and Hispanic (37.7%) than white (25.4%) students, higher among black female (32.2%) and Hispanic female (33.0%) than white female (21.1%) students, and higher among black male (38.9%) and Hispanic male (42.4%) than white male (29.6%) students. The prevalence of having attended PE classes daily was higher among 9th-grade (42.2%) than 10th-grade (31.5%), 11th-grade (21.8%), and 12th-grade (21.9%) students; higher among 10th-grade (31.5%) than 11th-grade (21.8%) and 12th-grade (21.9%) students; higher among 9th-grade female (39.5%) than 10th-grade female (27.0%), 11th-grade female (18.1%), and 12th-grade female (16.0%) students; higher among 10th-grade female (27.0%) than 11th-grade female (18.1%) and 12th-grade female (16.0%) students, higher among 9th-grade male (44.6%) than 10th-grade male (36.1%), 11th-grade male (25.2%), and 12th-grade male (27.9%) students; and higher among 10th-grade male (36.1%) than 11th-grade male (25.2%) and 12th-grade (27.9%) male students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear trend was not identified in the prevalence of having attended PE classes daily. A significant quadratic trend was identified. The prevalence of having attended PE classes daily decreased during 1991–1995 (41.6%–25.4%) and then did not change during 1995–2015 (25.4%–29.8%). The prevalence of having attended PE classes daily also did not change significantly from 2013 (29.4%) to 2015 (29.8%).

Across 35 states, the prevalence of having attended PE classes daily ranged from 5.8% to 60.7% (median: 23.0%) (Table 112). Across 14 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 8.6% to 42.7% (median: 22.9%).

Played on at Least One Sports Team

Nationwide, 57.6% of students had played on at least one sports team (run by their school or community groups) during the 12 months before the survey ( Table 113) ( Table 114). The prevalence of having played on at least one sports team was higher among male (62.2%) than female (53.0%) students; higher among black male (66.5%) and Hispanic male (56.3%) than black female (47.7%) and Hispanic female (40.7%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (68.1%), 10th-grade male (63.5%), and 11th-grade male (62.3%) than 9th-grade female (57.6%), 10th-grade female (55.1%), and 11th-grade female (51.7%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having played on at least one sports team was higher among white (62.4%) and black (57.6%) than Hispanic (48.5%) students, higher among white female (60.7%) than black female (47.7%) and Hispanic female (40.7%) students, and higher among white male ( 64.4%) and black male (66.5%) than Hispanic male (56.3%) students. The prevalence of having played on at least one sports team was higher among 9th-grade (63.0%) than 11th-grade (57.0%) and 12th-grade (50.8%) students, higher among 10th-grade (59.2%) and 11th-grade (57.0%) than 12th-grade (50.8%) students, higher among 9th-grade female (57.6%) than 11th-grade female (51.7%) and 12th-grade female (46.9%) students, higher among 10th-grade female (55.1%) than 12th-grade female (46.9%) students, higher among 9th-grade male (68.1%) than 11th-grade male (62.3%) and 12th-grade male (54.6%) students, and higher among 10th-grade male (63.5%) than 12th-grade male (54.6%) students.

During 1999–2015, significant linear and quadratic trends were not identified in the prevalence of having played on at least one sports team. The prevalence of having played on at least one sports team also did not change significantly from 2013 (54.0%) to 2015 (57.6%).

Across 25 states, the prevalence of having played on at least one sports team ranged from 48.6% to 64.3% (median: 54.8%) (Table 112). Across 15 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 44.7% to 55.6% (median: 48.9%).

Obesity, Overweight, and Weight Control

Obesity

Nationwide, 13.9% of students had obesity ( Table 115). The prevalence of obesity was higher among male (16.8%) than female (10.8%) students; higher among white male (15.6%) and Hispanic male (19.4%) than white female (9.1%) and Hispanic female (13.3%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (15.4%), 10th-grade male (18.2%), 11th-grade male (18.4%), and 12th-grade male (15.0%) than 9th-grade female (10.3%), 10th-grade female (12.1%), 11th-grade female (10.2%), and 12th-grade female (10.5%) students, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was higher among black (16.8%) and Hispanic (16.4%) than white (12.4%) students, higher among black female (15.2%) and Hispanic female (13.3%) than white female (9.1%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (19.4%) than white male (15.6%) students. The prevalence of obesity was higher among 10th-grade (15.2%) than 12th-grade (12.7%) students and higher among 11th-grade male (18.4%) than 9th-grade male (15.4%) and 12th-grade male (15.0%) students.

During 1999–2015, a significant linear increase occurred in the prevalence of obesity (10.6%–13.9%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of obesity did not change significantly from 2013 (13.7%) to 2015 (13.9%).

Across 37 states, the prevalence of obesity ranged from 10.3% to 18.9% (median: 13.3%) ( Table 116). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 9.9% to 22.5% (median: 13.3%).

Overweight

Nationwide, 16.0% of students were overweight (Table 115). The prevalence of overweight was higher among black female (21.2%) than black male (13.6%) students. The prevalence of overweight was higher among Hispanic (18.4%) than white (15.2%) students and higher among black female (21.2%) and Hispanic female (20.0%) than white female (14.6%) students.

During 1999–2015, a significant linear increase occurred in the prevalence of overweight (14.1%–16.0%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of overweight did not change significantly from 2013 (16.6%) to 2015 (16.0%).

Across 37 states, the prevalence of overweight ranged from 13.3% to 18.2% (median: 15.3%) (Table 116). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 13.2% to 21.6% (median: 16.8%).

Described Themselves as Overweight

Nationwide, 31.5% of students described themselves as slightly or very overweight ( Table 117). The prevalence of students describing themselves as overweight was higher among female (38.2%) than male (25.3%) students; higher among white female (35.7%), black female (34.9%), and Hispanic female (45.3%) than white male (24.9%), black male (20.0%), and Hispanic male (28.0%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (35.8%), 10th-grade female (38.9%), 11th-grade female (38.5%), and 12th-grade female (39.6%) than 9th-grade male (25.5%), 10th-grade male (25.2%), 11th-grade male (25.2%), and 12th-grade male (25.0%) students, respectively. The prevalence of students describing themselves as overweight was higher among Hispanic (36.4%) than white (30.3%) and black (27.0%) students, higher among Hispanic female (45.3%) than white female (35.7%) and black female (34.9%) students, and higher among white male (24.9%) and Hispanic male (28.0%) than black male (20.0%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of students describing themselves as overweight (31.8%–31.5%). A significant quadratic trend also was identified. The prevalence of students describing themselves as overweight decreased during 1991–1995 (31.8%–27.6%) and then increased during 1995–2015 (27.6%–31.5%). The prevalence of students describing themselves as overweight did not change significantly from 2013 (31.1%) to 2015 (31.5%).

Across 32 states, the prevalence of students describing themselves as overweight ranged from 26.2% to 33.4% (median: 30.6%) ( Table 118). Across 18 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 24.2% to 35.9% (median: 29.8%).

Were Trying to Lose Weight

Nationwide, 45.6% of students were trying to lose weight (Table 117). The prevalence of trying to lose weight was higher among female (60.6%) than male (31.4%) students; higher among white female (59.5%), black female (54.2%), and Hispanic female (66.4%) than white male (28.8%), black male (26.2%), and Hispanic male (40.0%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (59.4%), 10th-grade female (59.3%), 11th-grade female (61.7%), and 12th-grade female (62.6%) than 9th-grade male (31.1%), 10th-grade male (32.0%), 11th-grade male (31.0%), and 12th-grade male (31.9%) students, respectively. The prevalence of trying to lose weight was higher among white (44.1%) and Hispanic (53.1%) than black (39.4%) students, higher among Hispanic (53.1%) than white (44.1%) students, higher among Hispanic female (66.4%) than white female (59.5%) and black female (54.2%) students, and higher among Hispanic male (40.0%) than white male (28.8 %) and black male (26.2%) students.

During 1991–2015, a significant linear increase occurred overall in the prevalence of trying to lose weight (41.8%–45.6%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of trying to lose weight did not change significantly from 2013 (47.7%) to 2015 (45.6%).

Across 30 states, the prevalence of trying to lose weight ranged from 40.7% to 49.5% (median: 45.2%) (Table 118). Across 17 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 41.1% to 55.1% (median: 45.9%).

Other Health-Related Topics

Ever Had Asthma

Nationwide, 22.8% of students had ever been told by a doctor or nurse that they had asthma (i.e., ever had asthma) ( Table 119). The prevalence of having ever had asthma was higher among white female (23.7%) than white male (20.4%) students. The prevalence of having ever had asthma was higher among black (27.8%) than white (22.1%) and Hispanic (22.5%) students and higher among black male (28.4%) than white male (20.4%) and Hispanic male (23.0%) students.

During 2003–2015, a significant linear increase occurred overall in the prevalence of having ever had asthma (18.9%–22.8%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of having ever had asthma also increased significantly from 2013 (21.0%) to 2015 (22.8%).

Across 29 states, the prevalence of having ever had asthma ranged from 19.3% to 31.3% (median: 24.3%) ( Table 120). Across 17 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 19.0% to 34.4% (median: 23.7%).

Saw a Dentist

Nationwide, 74.4% of students saw a dentist for a check-up, exam, teeth cleaning, or other dental work during the 12 months before the survey (Table 119). The prevalence of having seen a dentist was higher among white (81.0%) than black (62.5%) and Hispanic (66.4%) students, higher among white female (80.9%) than black female (64.2%) and Hispanic female (68.1%) students and higher among white male (81.3%) than black male (61.1%) and Hispanic male (64.8%) students. The prevalence of having seen a dentist was higher among 9th-grade male (76.5%) than 12th-grade male (70.5%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of having seen a dentist was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

Across 31 states, the prevalence of having seen a dentist ranged from 65.7% to 82.7% (median: 73.6%) (Table 120). Across 17 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 55.1% to 72.6% (median: 65.7%).

Eight or More Hours of Sleep

Nationwide, 27.3% of students got 8 or more hours of sleep on an average school night ( Table 121). The prevalence of getting 8 or more hours of sleep was higher among male (30.1%) than female (24.4%) students; higher among white male (31.1%), black male (25.6%), and Hispanic male (32.9%) than white female (24.9%), black female (20.6%), and Hispanic female (26.8%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade male (39.3%) and 10th-grade male (33.8%) than 9th-grade female (29.1%) and 10th-grade female (23.1%) students, respectively. The prevalence of getting 8 or more hours of sleep was higher among white (28.0%) and Hispanic (29.8%) than black (23.5%) students, higher among Hispanic female (26.8%) than black female (20.6%) students, and higher among white male (31.1%) and Hispanic male (32.9%) than black male (25.6%) students. The prevalence of getting 8 or more hours of sleep was higher among 9th-grade (34.4%) than 10th-grade ( 28.4%), 11th-grade (22.9%), and 12th-grade (22.4%) students; higher among 10th-grade (28.4%) than 11th-grade (22.9%) and 12th-grade (22.4%) students; higher among 9th-grade female (29.1%) than 10th-grade female (23.1%), 11th-grade female (23.0%), and 12th-grade female (22.2%) students; higher among 9th-grade male (39.3%) than 10th-grade male (33.8%), 11th-grade male (22.9%), and 12th-grade male (22.6%) students, and higher among 10th-grade male (33.8%) than 11th-grade male (22.9%) and 12th-grade male (22.6%) students.

During 2007–2015, a significant linear decrease occurred overall in the prevalence of getting 8 or more hours of sleep (31.1%–27.3%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of getting 8 or more hours of sleep also decreased significantly from 2013 (31.7%) to 2015 (27.3%).

Across 30 states, the prevalence of getting 8 or more hours of sleep ranged from 17.5% to 38.2% (median: 26.5%) ( Table 122). Across 19 large urban school districts, the prevalence ranged from 14.4% to 31.3% (median: 20.6%).

Indoor Tanning Device Use

Nationwide, 7.3% of students had used an indoor tanning device, such as a sunlamp, sunbed, or tanning booth (not counting getting a spray-on tan), one or more times during the 12 months before the survey (i.e., indoor tanning device use) ( Table 123). The prevalence of indoor tanning device use was higher among female (10.6%) than male (4.0%) students; higher among white female (15.2%) than white male (3.7%) students; and higher among 9th-grade female (6.0%), 10th-grade female (7.1%), 11th-grade female (14.0%), and 12th-grade female (16.2%) than 9th-grade male (2.7%), 10th-grade male (3.5%), 11th-grade male (3.9%), and 12th-grade male (5.8%) students, respectively. The prevalence of indoor tanning device use was higher among white (9.4%) than black (3.7%) and Hispanic (4.7%) students, higher among white female (15.2%) and Hispanic female (5.8%) than black female (2.1%) students, and higher among white female (15.2%) than Hispanic fem ale (5.8%) students. The prevalence of indoor tanning device use was higher among 11th-grade (9.0%) and 12th-grade (10.9%) than 9th-grade (4.2%) and 10th-grade (5.3%) students, higher among 11th-grade female (14.0%) and 12th-grade female (16.2%) than 9th-grade female (6.0%) and 10th-grade female (7.1%) students, and higher among 12th-grade male (5.8%) than 9th-grade male (2.7%) students.

During 2009–2015, a significant linear decreased occurred overall in the prevalence of indoor tanning device use (15.6%–7.3%). A significant quadratic trend was not identified. The prevalence of indoor tanning device use also decreased significantly from 2013 (12.8%) to 2015 (7.3%).

This question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. As a result, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of indoor tanning device use are not available.

Had a Sunburn

Nationwide, 55.8% of students had a sunburn (counting even a small part of their skin turning red or hurting for 12 hours or more after being outside in the sun or after using a sunlamp or other indoor tanning device) one or more times during the 12 months before the survey (i.e., had a sunburn) (Table 123). The prevalence of having had a sunburn was higher among female (59.8%) than male (52.0%) students; higher among white female (77.7%) and Hispanic female (43.8%) than white male (67.6%) and Hispanic male (38.0%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (60.0%), 10th-grade female (58.9%), and 11th-grade female (60.7%) than 9th-grade male (50.4%), 10th-grade male (52.9%), and 11th-grade male (52.4%) students, respectively. The prevalence of having had a sunburn was higher among white (72.5%) and Hispanic (40.8%) than black (15.0%) students, higher among white (72.5%) than Hispanic (40.8%) students, higher among whi te female (77.7%) and Hispanic female (43.8%) than black female (16.2%) students, higher among white female (77.7%) than Hispanic female (43.8%) students, higher among white male (67.6%) and Hispanic male (38.0%) than black male (13.4%) students, and higher among white male (67.6%) than Hispanic male (38.0%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of having had a sunburn was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

This question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. As a result, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of having had a sunburn are not available.

Avoided Food Because of Allergic Reaction Risk

Nationwide, 16.0% of students avoided some foods because eating the food could cause an allergic reaction (such as skin rashes, swelling, itching, vomiting, coughing, or trouble breathing) ( Table 124). The prevalence of avoiding food because eating the food could cause an allergic reaction was higher among female (19.9%) than male (12.0%) students; higher among white female (19.5%) and Hispanic female (18.2%) than white male (11.3%) and Hispanic male (10.2%) students, respectively; and higher among 9th-grade female (24.3%), 10th-grade female (17.6%), 11th-grade female (19.0%), and 12th-grade female (18.8%) than 9th-grade male (13.5%), 10th-grade male (12.5%), 11th-grade male (10.7%), and 12th-grade male (11.3%) students, respectively. The prevalence of avoiding food because eating the food could cause an allergic reaction was higher among black (20.7%) than white (15.4%) and Hispanic (14.1%) students and higher among black male (18. 8%) than white male (11.3%) and Hispanic male (10.2%) students. The prevalence of avoiding food because eating the food could cause an allergic reaction was higher among 9th-grade (18.7%) than 10th-grade (15.2%), 11th-grade (14.8%), and 12th-grade (14.9%) students and higher among 9th-grade female (24.3%) than 10th-grade female (17.6%), 11th-grade female (19.0%), and 12th-grade female (18.8%) students. Because the question measuring the prevalence of avoiding food because eating the food could cause an allergic reaction was used for the first time in the 2015 national YRBS, long-term temporal trends and 2-year temporal changes are not available.

This question was not included in the standard questionnaire used in the state and large urban school district surveys in 2015. As a result, the range and median prevalence estimates across states and large urban school districts for the prevalence of avoiding food because eating the food could cause an allergic reaction are not available.

Discussion

YRBSS is the largest public health surveillance system in the United States monitoring a broad range of health behaviors among high school students. YRBSS data are used widely to compare the prevalence of health behaviors among subpopulations of students; assess trends in health behaviors over time; monitor progress toward achieving national health objectives; provide comparable state and large urban school district data; and help develop, assess, and improve school and community policies, programs, and practices designed to decrease health-risk behaviors and improve health outcomes among youth.

Compare Health Behavior Prevalence Among Subpopulations of Students

YRBSS is designed to identify how health behaviors vary by subpopulations of high school students defined by sex and race/ethnicity. Understanding these variations (or lack of variation) in health behaviors might help design, target, and identify the impact of school and community policies, programs, and practices. However, YRBSS data cannot isolate the effects of sex and race/ethnicity from the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) or culture on the prevalence of health behaviors. For example, in a national study, the likelihood of behavioral cardiovascular disease risks, including obesity, sedentary behaviors, and tobacco exposure, increased among adolescents aged 12–17 years as the SES based on poverty-income ratio decreased (14).

Variations by Sex

The prevalence of most health behaviors varies by sex. For example, the prevalence of two injury-related behaviors (rarely or never wearing a seatbelt and driving when drinking alcohol) was higher among male than female students. The prevalence of seven violence-related behaviors (carrying a weapon, carrying a gun, carrying a weapon on school property, being threatened or injured with a weapon on school property, being in a physical fight, being injured in a physical fight, and being in a physical fight on school property) was also higher among male than female students. However, the prevalence of having not gone to school because of safety concerns, being electronically bullied, being bullied on school property, being forced to have sexual intercourse, physical dating violence, and sexual dating violence was higher among female than male students. The prevalence of all five suicide-related behaviors (feeling sad or hopeless, seriously considering attempting suicide, havin g made a suicide plan, attempting suicide, and making a suicide attempt resulting in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse) also was higher among female than male students. Rarely or never wearing a bicycle helmet, riding with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, and texting or e-mailing while driving did not vary by sex.

The prevalence of nine tobacco use risk behaviors (smoking a whole cigarette before age 13 years; current cigarette use; usually obtaining their own cigarettes by buying them in a store or gas station; current smokeless tobacco use; current cigar use; current electronic vapor product use; current cigarette or cigar use; current cigarette, cigar, or smokeless tobacco use; and current cigarette, cigar, smokeless tobacco, or electronic vapor product use) was higher among male than female students. Having tried to quit smoking cigarettes, the only health promoting tobacco use behavior, had a higher prevalence among female than male students. However, the prevalence of six tobacco use behaviors (ever trying cigarette smoking, current frequent cigarette use, smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day, currently smoking cigarettes daily, usually obtaining their own cigarettes by buying them on the Internet, and ever use of electronic vapor products) did not vary by sex.

The prevalence of 14 of the 21 alcohol and other drug use behaviors (drinking alcohol before age 13 years; having 10 or more as the largest number of drinks of alcohol in a row; trying marijuana before age 13 years; current marijuana use; ever using synthetic marijuana; ever using hallucinogenic drugs; ever using cocaine; ever using ecstasy; ever using heroin; ever using methamphetamines; ever taking steroids without a doctor’s prescription; ever taking prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription; ever injecting any illegal drug; and being offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property) was higher among male than female students. However, the prevalence of ever drinking alcohol, usually obtaining the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them, and usually using marijuana by smoking it was higher among female than male students. Four alcohol and other drug use behaviors (current alcohol use, having five or more drinks of alcohol in a ro w, ever using marijuana, and ever using inhalants) did not vary by sex.

The prevalence of four risk (ever having had sexual intercourse, having sexual intercourse before age 13 years, having sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their life, and drinking alcohol before last sexual intercourse) and one protective (condom use) sexual behavior was higher among male than female students, while the prevalence of five protective sexual behaviors (birth control pill use; IUD or implant use; shot, patch, or birth control ring use; birth control pill, IUD or implant, or shot, patch, or birth control ring use; and both condom use and birth control pill; IUD or implant; or shot, patch, or birth control ring use) was higher among female than male students. Current sexual activity, not using any method to prevent pregnancy, and having ever been tested for HIV did not vary by sex.

The prevalence of 17 of the 26 dietary behaviors (not eating fruit or drinking 100% fruit juices; eating fruit or drinking 100% fruit juices two or more times and three or more times per day; not eating vegetables; eating vegetables two or more times and three or more times per day; drinking one or more, two or more, and three or more glasses of milk per day; drinking soda or pop one or more, and two or more, and three or more times per day; drinking sports drinks one or more, two or more, and three or more times per day; drinking three or more glasses of water per day; and eating breakfast on all 7 days) was higher among male than female students. In contrast, the prevalence of only three dietary behaviors (not drinking milk, not drinking soda or pop, and not drinking sports drinks) was higher among female than male students. Eating fruit or drinking 100% fruit juices one or more times per day, eating vegetables one or more times per day, not drinking water, drinking one or more and two or more glasses of water per day, and not eating breakfast did not vary by sex.

The prevalence of six of the nine physical activity behaviors (being physically active at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days, being physically active at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days, participating in muscle strengthening activities, attending physical education classes, attending physical education classes daily, and playing on at least one sports team) was higher among male than female students. Only one physical activity behavior (not participating in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on at least 1 day) had a higher prevalence among female than male students. Using computers 3 or more hours per day and watching television 3 or more hours per day did not vary by sex.

The prevalence of obesity was higher among male than female students, and the prevalence of overweight did not vary by sex. The prevalence of describing themselves as overweight and trying to lose weight was higher among female than male students. Male students had a higher prevalence than female students of getting eight or more hours of sleep on an average school night, while female students had a higher prevalence than male students of using an indoor tanning device, having had a sunburn, and avoiding foods because of the risk of allergic reactions. Ever having had asthma and having seen a dentist did not vary by sex.

Variations by Race/Ethnicity

The prevalence of most health behaviors varies by race/ethnicity. The prevalence of 24 behaviors (12 risk and 12 protective) was higher among white than black and Hispanic students, the prevalence of 12 risk behaviors was higher among black than white and Hispanic students, and the prevalence of 10 risk behaviors was higher among Hispanic than white and black students. Twenty-three behaviors did not vary by race/ethnicity.

White students had a higher prevalence than black and Hispanic students of four injury-related risk behaviors (texting or e-mailing while driving, carrying a weapon, being electronically bullied, and bullying on school property), six tobacco-use related risk behaviors (current cigarette use; current frequent cigarette use; currently smoked cigarettes daily; current smokeless tobacco use; current cigarette or cigar use; and current cigarette, cigar, or smokeless tobacco use), three protective sexual behaviors (birth control pill use; birth control pill, IUD or implant, or shot, patch, or birth control ring use; and both condom use and birth control pill, IUD or implant, or shot, patch, or birth control ring use), six protective dietary behaviors (eating vegetables one or more times per day, drinking one or more and two or more glasses of milk per day, not drinking soda or pop, not drinking sports drinks, and drinking one or more glasses of water per day), two protective ph ysical activity behaviors (being physically active at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days and being physically active at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days), and three additional behaviors (having seen a dentist, indoor tanning device use, and having had a sunburn).

Black students had a higher prevalence than white and Hispanic students of two injury-related risk behaviors (rarely or never wearing a seatbelt and being in a physical fight), two sexual risk behaviors (having sexual intercourse before age 13 years and having sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their life), four dietary risk behaviors (not eating vegetables, not drinking milk, drinking sports drinks two or more times per day, and not drinking water), two physical activity risk behaviors (not participating in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on at least 1 day and watching television 3 or more hours per day), having had asthma, and avoiding food because eating the food could cause an allergic reaction.

Hispanic students had a higher prevalence than white and black students of riding with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, feeling sad or hopeless, ever using electronic vapor products, five alcohol or other drug use behaviors (drinking alcohol before age 13 years; ever using synthetic marijuana; ever using cocaine; ever using ecstasy; and being offered, sold or given an illegal drug on school property), describing themselves as overweight, and trying to lose weight.

The prevalence of seven injury-related behaviors (driving when drinking alcohol, carrying a gun, carrying a weapon on school property, being forced to have sexual intercourse, physical dating violence, sexual dating violence, and having made a suicide plan), six tobacco-related behaviors (ever tried cigarette smoking, smoking a whole cigarette before age 13 years, smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day, usually obtaining their own cigarettes by buying them on the Internet, having tried to quit smoking cigarettes, and current cigar use), two drug-related behaviors (usually using marijuana by smoking it and ever using inhalants), three sexual behaviors (currently sexually active, IUD or implant use, and drinking alcohol or using drugs before last sexual intercourse), four dietary behaviors (not eating fruit or drinking 100% fruit juices, eating fruit or drinking 100% fruit juices one or more times per day, and drinking soda or pop one or more and two or more times per day), and participating in muscle strengthening exercises did not at all vary by race/ethnicity.

Assess Trends in Health Behaviors Over Time

Because YRBSS has been implemented since 1991, YRBSS data can be used to assess both long-term temporal trends (i.e., as long as 24 years) and more recent 2-year temporal changes in health behaviors. This reports describes many long-term linear increases and decreases in prevalence, which reflect real reductions in risk behaviors and potential improvements in health outcomes among high school students nationwide.

Long-term linear decreases occurred overall in the prevalence of all three behaviors (for which long-term trend data were available) that contribute to unintentional injuries (rarely or never wore a bicycle helmet, rarely or never wore a seatbelt, and rode with a driver who had been drinking alcohol). However, based on significant quadratic trends, the prevalence of rarely or never wearing a bicycle helmet has not changed since 2001. Long-term linear decreases also occurred overall in the prevalence of eight of the 11 violence-related behaviors for which long-term trend data were available (carrying a weapon, carrying a gun, carrying a weapon on school property, being threatened or injured with a weapon on school property, being in a physical fight, being injured in a physical fight, being in a physical fight on school property, and being forced to have sexual intercourse). However, a long-term linear increase was identified in the prevalence of having not gone to school b ecause of safety concerns; no long-term linear changes were identified in the prevalence of being electronically bullied and being bullied on school property; and, based on significant quadratic trends, the prevalence of carrying a weapon and carrying gun has not changed since 1997. In addition, long-term linear decreases occurred overall in the prevalence of three of the five suicide-related behaviors (seriously considering attempting suicide, making a suicide plan, and attempting suicide). Based on significant quadratic trends, the prevalence of having made a suicide plan and attempting suicide increased since 2009.

Long-term linear decreases occurred overall in the prevalence of nine of the 10 tobacco use-related risk behaviors (for which long-term trend data were available) (ever trying cigarette smoking; smoking a whole cigarette before age 13 years; current cigarette use; current frequent cigarette use; smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day; currently smoking cigarettes daily; current cigar use; current cigarette or cigar use; and current cigarette, cigar, or smokeless tobacco use). The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use was the only tobacco-use related risk behavior for which a long-term linear decrease was not identified. In addition, a long-term linear decrease was identified in the prevalence of the one tobacco use-related protective behavior (having tried to quit smoking cigarettes).

Long-term linear decreases occurred overall in the prevalence of 13 of the 18 alcohol- and other drug use-related behaviors (for which long-term trend data were available) (ever drinking alcohol; drinking alcohol before age 13 years; current alcohol use; having five or more drinks of alcohol in a row; trying marijuana before age 13 years; ever using hallucinogenic drugs; ever using cocaine; ever using ecstasy; ever using heroin; ever using methamphetamines; ever taking prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription; ever using inhalants; and being offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property). No long-term linear trends were identified in the prevalence of usually obtaining the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them, ever using marijuana, current marijuana use, ever taking steroids without a doctor’s prescription, and ever injecting any illegal drug. However, based on significant quadratic trends, ever using marijuana decreased sinc e 1997, current marijuana use decreased since 1995, ever taking steroids without a doctor’s prescription decreased since 2001, and ever injecting any illegal drug decreased since 2011.

Long-term linear decreases occurred overall in the prevalence of five sexual risk behaviors (ever having had sexual intercourse, having sexual intercourse before age 13 years, having sexual intercourse with four or more partners, being currently sexually active, and not using any method to prevent pregnancy) and a long-term linear increase occurred overall in the prevalence of condom use; IUD or implant use; and birth control pill, IUD or implant, or shot, patch, or birth control ring use. However, although a long-term linear increase in the prevalence of condom use was identified, a significant quadratic trend indicated that the prevalence of condom use decreased since 2003. In addition, a long-term linear decrease occurred in the prevalence of having ever been tested for HIV.

Long-term linear decreases in the prevalence of not eating fruit or drinking 100% fruit juices and drinking soda or pop one or more, two or more, and three or more times per day and long-term linear increases in eating vegetables three or more times per day and not drinking soda or pop are positive trends. However, long-term linear decreases in the prevalence of eating fruit or drinking 100% fruit juices three or more times per day and long-term linear increases in not eating vegetables are negative trends. Similarly, the long-term linear decrease in the prevalence of watching television 3 or more hours per day which represents a decrease in sedentary behaviors is probably offset by the long-term linear increase in the prevalence of using computers three or more hours per day.

Monitor Progress Toward Achieving National Health Objectives

The national YRBS is the primary source of data to measure 21 Healthy People 2020 objectives, including one leading health indicator (15). The Healthy People 2020 objectives provide a comprehensive agenda for improving the health of all persons in the United States during 2011–2020. This report provides the Healthy People 2020 targets and data from the 2015 national YRBS for 18 of the 21 objectives measured using the national YRBS ( Table 125). The data indicate that, as of 2015, seven of these 18 objectives have been achieved, which is nearly double the number met when the 2013 national YRBS data were reported in 2014 (16). Healthy People 2020 objective C-20.3 is to reduce the proportion of adolescents in grades 9–12 who report using artificial sources of ultraviolet light for tanning to ≤14.0%. During 2015, 7.3% of high school students nationwide had used an indoor tanning device (e.g., sunlamp, sunbed, or tanning booth) one or more times during the 12 months before the survey. Healthy People 2020 objective IVP-34 is to reduce physical fighting among adolescents to ≤28.4%. During 2015, 22.6% of high school students nationwide had been in a physical fight one or more times during the 12 months before the survey. Healthy People 2020 objective IVP-36 is to reduce weapon carrying by adolescents on school property to ≤4.6%. During 2015, 4.1% of high school students nationwide had carried a weapon on school property on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey. Healthy People 2020 objective PA-8.2.3 is to increase the proportion of adolescents in grades 9 through 12 who view television, videos, or play video games for no more than 2 hours per day. During 2015, 75.3% of high school students nationwide watched television for no more than 2 hours per day on an average school day. Healthy People 2020 objective SA-1 is to reduce the proportion of adolescents who report that they rode, during the previous 30 days, with a driver who had been drinking alcohol to ≤25.5%. During 2015, 20.0% of high school students nationwide had ridden in a car or other vehicle driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol one or more times during the 30 days before the survey. Healthy People 2020 objective TU-2.1 is to reduce the proportion of adolescents who use tobacco products during the past 30 days to ≤21.0%. During 2015, 17.0% of high school students nationwide smoked cigarettes; used chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip; or smoked cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey. Healthy People 2020 objective TU-2.2 is to reduce the proportion of adolescents who use cigarettes during the past 30 days to ≤16.0%. During 2015, 10.8% of high school students smoked cigarettes on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey. Although Table 125 indicates that Healthy People 2020 objective PA-3.1 to increase the proportion of adolescents who meet current Federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic activity has been met, the 2015 YRBS prevalence estimate for aerobic physical activity is not comparable to the baseline prevalence estimate upon which the target was set because of a change in the context of the question starting with the 2011 national YRBS questionnaire.

To meet additional Healthy People 2020 objectives, positive changes in school and community policies, programs, and practices might be needed. For example, Healthy People 2020 objective IVP-35 is to reduce bullying among adolescents to ≤17.9%. During 2015, 20.2% of high school students nationwide were bullied on school property during the 12 months before the survey. Similarly, Healthy People 2020 objective SH-3 is to increase the proportion of students in grades 9 through 12 who get sufficient sleep to ≥33.2%. During 2015, 27.3% of high school students nationwide got 8 or more hours of sleep on an average school night.

Provide Comparable State and Large Urban School District Data

One of the strengths of YRBSS is that it provides not just national but state and large urban school district data. These data are more likely to be used to develop, improve, and evaluate state and local policies, programs, and practices because they reflect a more relevant population. It is also possible to compare data from the state and large urban school district surveys because they share similar sample designs, questionnaires, data collection procedures, and data processing procedures.

Across states, a range of 25 or more percentage points or a fivefold variation or greater was identified for the following 15 behaviors:

  • rarely or never wore a bicycle helmet (minimum: 53.0%; maximum: 94.1%);
  • texted or e-mailed while driving (minimum: 26.1%; maximum: 63.2%);
  • carried a weapon on school property (minimum: 2.0%; maximum: 10.7%);
  • smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day (minimum: 2.0%; maximum: 14.6%);
  • currently smoked cigarettes daily (minimum: 1.0%; maximum: 5.4%);
  • usually obtained their own cigarettes by buying them on the Internet (minimum: 0.0%; maximum: 6.0%);
  • ever used heroin (minimum: 0.9%; maximum: 5.9%);
  • ever injected any illegal drug (minimum: 1.0%; maximum: 5.4%);
  • IUD or implant use (minimum: 1.3%; maximum: 9.7%);
  • shot, patch, or birth control ring use (minimum: 1.6%; maximum: 9.5%);
  • birth control pill; IUD or implant; or shot, patch, or birth control ring use (minimum: 17.5%; maximum: 47.3%);
  • ate vegetables one or more times per day (minimum: 46.7%; maximum: 72.3%);
  • drank one or more glasses of milk per day (minimum: 23.0%; maximum: 51.6%);
  • attended physical education classes (minimum: 29.9%; maximum: 87.8%); and
  • attended physical education classes daily (minimum: 5.8%; maximum: 60.7%).

Across large urban school districts, a range of 25 or more percentage points or a fivefold variation or greater was identified for the following 16 behaviors:

  • rarely or never wore a bicycle helmet (minimum: 55.1%; maximum: 95.6%);
  • being in a physical fight (minimum: 13.9%; maximum: 42.5%);
  • smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day (minimum: 0.9%; maximum: 12.8%);
  • currently smoked cigarettes daily (minimum: 0.3%; maximum: 1.6%);
  • usually obtained their own cigarettes by buying them in a store or gas station (minimum: 14.9%; maximum: 64.5%);
  • tried to quit smoking cigarettes (minimum: 35.7%; maximum: 81.8%);
  • ever used heroin (minimum: 1.5%; maximum: 8.3%);
  • ever had sexual intercourse (minimum: 25.9%; maximum: 52.4%);
  • IUD or implant use (minimum: 0.5%; maximum: 16.9%);
  • shot, patch, or birth control ring use (minimum: 1.1%; maximum: 10.5%);
  • birth control pill; IUD or implant; or shot, patch, or birth control ring use (minimum: 10.4%; maximum: 37.6%);
  • ever been tested for HIV (minimum: 7.0%; maximum: 37.4%);
  • drank soda or pop three or more times per day (minimum: 2.6%; maximum: 13.5%);
  • ate breakfast on all 7 days (minimum: 16.4%; maximum: 44.6%);
  • attended physical education classes (minimum: 33.4%; maximum: 84.0%); and
  • attended physical education classes daily (minimum: 8.6%; maximum: 42.7%).

Across states, the health behaviors with a range of 25 or more percentage points or a fivefold variation or greater were fairly evenly distributed across the following categories of behaviors: injury and violence (three), cigarette use (two), other drug use (two), birth control use (three), dietary behaviors (two), and physical activity (two). In contrast, across the large urban school districts, 81% of the health behaviors with a range of 25 or more percentage points or a fivefold variation or greater were distributed across just three categories of behaviors: cigarette use (four), sexual behaviors (four), and dietary behaviors and physical activity (four). The variations in ranges might reflect differences in state and local laws and policies, enforcement practices, access to drugs, availability of effective school and community interventions, prevailing behavioral and social norms, demographic characteristics of the population, and adult practices and health behaviors and also highlight how changes in one or more of these factors might contribute to reductions in health-risk behaviors among high school students.

Develop, Assess, and Improve Health-Related Policies, Programs, and Practices

In addition to measuring progress toward achieving Healthy People 2020 objectives, CDC and other federal agencies use YRBS data in a variety or reports and publications to stimulate support for and improvements in public health interventions, including 2015 NCHHSTP State Health Profiles (17), Indicators for Chronic Disease Surveillance (18), America’s Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2015 (19), and Prevention Status Reports (20). CDC also uses YRBS data to assess the impact of funding initiatives. More specifically, YRBS data are a primary data source for monitoring the impact of two major CDC cooperative agreements: Promoting Adolescent Health Through School-Based HIV/STD Prevention and School-Based Surveillance (http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/fundedpartners/1308/pdf/rfa-1308.pdf) and State Public Health Actions to Prevent and Control Diabetes, Heart Disease, Obesity and Associated Risk Factors and Promote School Health (http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/state-public-health-actions.htm).

At the state and local level, health and education agencies and nongovernmental organizations use YRBS data in a variety of ways to improve health-related policies, programs, and practices. For example, Connecticut’s YRBS data on sexual behaviors were used by the Connecticut State Board of Education to support inclusion of comprehensive sexuality education in their position statement on coordinated school health and by the Connecticut Department of Education to help develop Guidelines for the Sexual Health Education Component of Comprehensive Health Education for local school districts on best practice policies, programs, and instruction in sexual health education. Boston Public Schools used their YRBS data on sexual behaviors in an annual presentation to the Boston City Council to demonstrate the need for sexual health education and services and to garner support for the District Wellness Policy requiring schools to teach comprehensive sexual health education and p rovide sexual health services, including distribution of condoms at the high school level. The Hawaii Department of Health used the dietary behavior data from their YRBS to support their public education campaign (on television, in malls, and in movie theaters) to reduce youth consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and to track the impact of school wellness policies which restrict access to sugar-sweetened beverages on campus and at school-sponsored events. The Los Angeles Unified School District used their YRBS data to support a new Los Angeles County ordinance on electronic vapor products and to support passage of a city-wide ordinance banning electronic vapor products from public spaces, bars, and restaurants. Montana YRBS data on bullying were used to support passage of a new Student Protections Procedures rule requiring schools to address bullying and threatening behavior in schools, on school buses, at school-sponsored activities, and online and to create a BullyFree Montana website and toolkit. The Bureau of Children, Youth, and Families used New York City YRBS data on attempted suicide to support a mental health awareness campaign for teens that included videos and other online resources on New York City’s dedicated website for teens and that is available as part of the Teen Talk Toolkit distributed to health educators in New York City public middle and high schools.

Limitations

The findings in this report are subject to at least four limitations. First, these data apply only to youth who attend school and, therefore, are not representative of all persons in this age group. Nationwide, in 2012, of persons aged 16–17 years, approximately 3% were not enrolled in a high school program and had not completed high school (21). Second, the extent of underreporting or overreporting of behaviors cannot be determined, although the survey questions demonstrate good test-retest reliability (5,8). Third, BMI is calculated on the basis of self-reported height and weight, and, therefore, tends to underestimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight (22). Fourth, not all states and large urban school districts include all of the standar d questions on their YRBS questionnaire.

Conclusions

YRBSS is an ongoing source of high-quality data at the national, state, and large urban school district levels for monitoring health behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults in the United States. In 2015, in addition to the national data, 37 states and 19 large urban school districts obtained data representative of their high school students. YRBSS data are an important tool for planning, implementing, and evaluating public health policies, programs, and practices in each of these jurisdictions. Although beyond the scope of this report, a particular strength of YRBSS (as compared with more narrowly focused surveys) is that it allows analysis of the inter-relationships among health behaviors (e.g., how alcohol and other drug use is associated with sexual behaviors). Similarly, because of its long history and consistent methodology, YRBSS can identify not only national long-term temporal trends in health behaviors over all as described in this report, but also long-term trends among subgroups of students (e.g., by sex or race/ethnicity) and long-term temporal trends at the state and large urban school district levels. These trend analyses are particularly valuable for understanding the impact of broad public health and school health policies and practices designed to improve the health outcomes of students.

To maintain the quality of YRBSS data, increased support for YRBSS, enhanced training and technical assistance for participating state and local health and education agencies, an increase in the number of states with representative data, more substate surveys at the large urban school district and county- or school-district level, and more universal use of all standard questions are needed. Further, to sustain the surveillance system over time, it is important to understand the impact of new education and public health laws, policies, and practices related to data collection that might threaten the quality of YRBSS and its ability to generate critical data for informing future efforts to protect and promote the health of youth nationwide.

State and Large Urban School District Youth Risk Behavior Survey Coordinators

States: Alabama, Sarah Khalidi, MPH, Department of Public Health; Alaska, Kathleen Oliver, Department of Health and Social Service; Arizona, Tori Havins, MPA, Department of Education; Arkansas, Kathleen Courtney, MS, Department of Education; California, Daniela Torres, MPH, Department of Education; Connecticut, Celeste Jorge, MPH, Department of Public Health; Delaware, Fred Breukelman, Department of Health and Social Services; Florida, Thomas Troelstrup, MPH, Department of Health; Hawaii, Robert Hesia, MA, Department of Education; Idaho, Lisa Kramer, Department of Education; Illinois, Jessica Gerdes, MS, State Board of Education; Indiana, Robyn Matthews, MPH, Department of Health; Kentucky, Stephanie Bunge, MEd, Department of Education; Maine, Jean Zimmerman, MS, Department of Education; Maryland, Robert Fiedler, JD, Department of Health & Mental Hygiene; Massachusetts, Chiniqua Milligan, MPH, Department of Elementary and Secondary Education; Michigan, Kim Kovalchick, MPH, Department of Education; Mississippi, LaTina Morgan, MSEd, Department of Education; Missouri, Janet S. Wilson, MEd, Department of Health and Senior Services; Montana, Susan Court, Office of Public Instruction; Nebraska, Julane Hill, Department of Education; Nevada, Amberlee Baxa, MPH, Division of Public and Behavioral Health; New Hampshire, Irene Koffink, Department of Education; New Mexico, Cris Kimbrough, MA, Public Education Department; New York, Martha Morrissey, MA, State Department of Education; North Carolina, Ellen Essick, PhD, Department of Public Instruction; North Dakota, Valerie Fischer, MSEd, Department of Public Instruction; Oklahoma, Thad Burk, MPH, Department of Health; Pennsylvania, Nicholas Slotterback, MEd, Department of Education; Rhode Island, Tara Cooper, MPH, Department of Health; South Carolina, Sabrina Moore, PhD, Department of Education; South Dakota, Deni Hollingsworth, Department of Health; Tennessee, Mark Bloodworth, EdS (abd), Department of Education; Vermont, Kristen Murray, PhD, Department of Health; Virginia, Sarah Conklin, PhD, Department of Health; West Virginia, Birgit Shanholtzer, MA, Department of Education; Wyoming, Donal Mattimoe, Department of Education.

Large Urban School Districts: Baltimore, MD, Alexia Lotts-McCain, MEd, Baltimore City Public Schools; Boston, MA, Katia Miller, MPH, Boston Public Schools; Broward County, FL, Sebrina James, EdS, Broward County Public Schools; Cleveland, OH, Deborah Aloshen, MEd, Cleveland Metropolitan School District; DeKalb County, GA, Jessica Grippo, MPH, DeKalb County Board of Health; Detroit, MI, Arlene Richardson, EdD, Detroit Public Schools; District of Columbia, Omotunde Sowole-West, MPH, Office of the State Superintendent of Education; Duval County, FL, Jamie Wells, MSH, Duval County Public Schools; Fort Worth, TX, Edward Patterson, MS, Fort Worth Independent School District; Houston, TX, Felicia Ceasar-White, MS, Houston Independent School District; Los Angeles, CA, Timothy Kordic, MA, Los Angeles Unified School District; Miami, FL, Jonathan Carbone, Miami-Dade County Public Schools; New York City, NY, Lauren Murray, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygi ene; Oakland, CA, Ilsa Bertolini, Oakland Unified School District; Orange County, FL, Brenda Christopher-Muench, Orange County Public Schools; Palm Beach, FL, William Stewart, MPH, School District of Palm Beach County; Philadelphia, PA, Judith Peters, MBA, School District of Philadelphia; San Diego, CA, Rachel Miller, MEd, San Diego Unified School District; San Francisco, CA, Kim Levine, MHA, San Francisco Unified School District.

Corresponding author: Laura Kann, PhD, Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention. Telephone: 404-718-8132; E-mail: lkk1@cdc.gov.


1Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC; 2ICF International, Rockville, Maryland; 3Westat, Rockville, Maryland

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* Might include charter schools and public alternative, special education, or vocational schools.

Might include religious and other private schools, but does not include private alternative, special education, or vocational schools.

§ Includes regular public schools and might include charter schools; public alternative, special education, or vocational schools; and schools overseen by the Bureau of Indian Education.

Might include religious and other private schools.

** A questionnaire that fails quality control has <20 remaining responses after editing or has the same answer to ≥15 consecutive questions.

†† Overall response rate = (number of participating schools/number of eligible sampled schools) x (number of usable questionnaires/number of eligible students sampled).

§§ The prevalence of driving a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey varies slightly for driving when drinking alcohol and texting or e-mailing while driving because of differences in the number of usable responses to each question.

¶¶ The prevalence of dating or going out with someone during the 12 months before the survey varies slightly for physical dating violence and sexual dating violence because of differences in the number of usable responses to each question.

*** Review of only the oldest and most recent data points are not necessarily indicative of long-term temporal trends because the logistic regression analyses take into account all data points and adjust for changes in sex, grade, and race/ethnicity over time.

††† Pellet-sized pieces of highly purified cocaine.

§§§ A process in which cocaine is dissolved in ether or sodium hydroxide and the precipitate is filtered off.

¶¶¶ Green salad, potatoes (excluding French fries, fried potatoes, or potato chips), carrots, or other vegetables.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 1. Number of states and large urban school districts that conducted a Youth Risk Behavior Survey and number with weighted and unweighted data, by year of survey — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 1991–2015
Year Number of states Number of large urban school districts
Total Weighted Unweighted Total Weighted Unweighted
1991 26 9 17 11 7 4
1993 40 22 18 14 9 5
1995 39 22 17 17 12 5
1997 38 24 14 17 15 2
1999 41 22 19 17 14 3
2001 37 22 15 19 14 5
2003 43 32 11 22 20 2
2005 44 40 4 23 21 2
2007 44 39 5 22 22 0
2009 47 42 5 23 20 3
2011 47 43 4 22 21 1
2013 47 42 5 22 21 1
2015 47 37 10 21 19 2
Return to your place in the textFIGURE. State and large urban school district Youth Risk Behavior Surveys — United States, 2015
Return to your place in the textTABLE 2. Sample sizes, response rates, and demographic characteristics* — United States and selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Student Response rate (%) Sex (%)   Grade (%) Race/Ethnicity (%)
sample size School Student Overall Female Male   9 10 11 12 White Black Hispanic Other§
National survey 15,624 69 86 60 48.7 51.3 27.2 25.7 23.9 23.1 54.5 13.6 22.3 9.7
State surveys
Alabama 1,565 92 74 68 49.4 50.6 27.2 26.1 23.7 22.8 57.2 33.9 5.3 3.7
Alaska 1,418 98 64 62 48.1 51.9 27.5 25.8 23.7 22.5 48.4 2.8 7.6 41.2
Arizona 2,582 75 83 62 49.2 50.8 27.2 25.6 23.9 23.0 42.0 5.4 42.4 10.1
Arkansas 2,880 78 79 62 49.1 50.9 26.6 26.0 23.8 23.0 63.6 21.4 10.4 4.6
California 1,943 75 89 66 48.8 51.2 26.7 25.8 24.1 23.3 26.5 3.3 50.6 19.7
Connecticut 2,398 82 76 62 49.1 50.9 26.6 25.2 24.4 23.6 61.3 13.0 19.2 6.5
Delaware 2,777 86 86 73 49.0 51.0 29.4 25.7 22.6 22.0 48.8 30.0 15.3 5.9
Florida 6,359 95 75 72 49.6 50.4 27.1 26.0 24.2 22.4 42.3 21.8 29.8 6.2
Hawaii 6,089 100 78 78 50.1 49.9 28.8 25.0 22.7 23.2 14.4 0.6 8.9 76.1
Idaho 1,760 94 81 77 48.4 51.6 27.2 26.0 24.2 22.5 78.3 1.0 15.8 5.0
Illinois 3,282 76 80 61 49.1 50.9 26.8 25.4 24.1 23.4 55.9 14.8 22.4 6.8
Indiana 1,912 73 82 60 49.1 50.9 26.0 25.4 24.8 23.8 74.6 10.4 8.8 6.2
Kentucky 2,577 91 85 77 49.1 50.9 27.6 26.0 23.4 22.7 81.8 10.9 3.6 3.6
Maine 9,605 85 78 66 48.4 51.6 25.3 25.0 25.0 24.3 91.3 1.4 2.3 5.0
Maryland 55,596 100 82 82 49.2 50.8 28.1 25.1 23.5 22.8 41.9 34.7 12.8 10.5
Massachusetts 3,120 75 81 61 49.6 50.4 26.3 25.2 24.6 23.6 66.8 8.8 16.0 8.4
Michigan 4,816 86 77 66 49.5 50.5 26.7 26.0 23.7 23.2 71.7 16.0 5.9 6.3
Mississippi 2,154 90 79 71 50.1 49.9 28.8 26.2 23.3 21.4 50.0 46.6 1.4 2.0
Missouri 1,502 73 87 63 51.2 48.8 26.5 25.2 24.6 23.6 74.9 16.0 4.6 4.5
Montana 4,486 91 87 79 48.2 51.8 26.7 25.4 24.3 23.5 82.3 0.6 3.8 13.3
Nebraska 1,688 84 74 62 48.6 51.4 25.2 24.8 24.2 25.5 70.3 6.4 16.5 6.8
Nevada 1,452 100 66 66 48.8 51.2 25.9 25.8 24.7 23.5 35.9 9.8 40.1 14.2
New Hampshire 14,837 83 85 70 48.2 51.8 26.5 25.4 24.4 23.5 88.2 1.5 5.2 5.1
New Mexico 8,304 94 78 73 49.1 50.9 29.4 26.1 23.2 21.0 24.4 1.6 60.4 13.6
New York 10,834 84 76 64 49.3 50.7 27.2 25.6 23.2 23.4 51.2 16.8 21.4 10.6
North Carolina 6,178 78 77 60 49.1 50.9 29.0 26.1 23.6 21.3 53.1 26.9 12.5 7.5
North Dakota 2,121 90 90 81 48.5 51.5 25.4 25.4 24.6 24.4 81.7 1.6 3.8 12.9
Oklahoma 1,611 82 85 69 51.2 48.8 27.3 25.9 24.0 21.9 53.2 8.9 13.2 24.7
Pennsylvania 2,899 80 80 64 49.0 51.0 25.9 25.0 24.3 24.2 71.8 14.7 8.6 4.9
Rhode Island 3,462 88 77 68 48.9 51.1 25.7 23.8 25.5 24.4 63.2 7.9 22.1 6.8
South Carolina 1,358 74 85 63 49.4 50.6 30.0 25.9 22.0 22.0 54.4 37.0 6.1 2.6
South Dakota 1,313 84 79 67 48.7 51.3 27.3 26.0 23.4 22.9 76.8 1.2 4.4 17.6
Tennessee 4,138 100 82 82 48.0 52.0 27.5 25.8 24.1 22.3 64.6 24.3 8.6 2.5
Vermont 21,013 99 78 77 49.1 50.9 24.9 24.0 26.1 24.7 84.2 2.4 4.6 8.8
Virginia 5,195 100 84 84 48.2 51.8 26.6 25.6 23.6 23.9 52.5 22.7 12.9 11.9
West Virginia 1,622 100 77 77 49.1 50.9 28.0 25.4 23.7 22.7 91.2 5.2 1.5 2.0
Wyoming 2,424 70 83 64 48.7 51.3 26.7 25.8 23.7 23.3 78.3 0.5 12.0 9.2
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 1,052 100 67 67 48.8 51.2 32.0 24.8 22.7 20.4 6.2 86.9 5.3 1.6
Boston, MA 1,669 100 80 80 48.9 51.1 28.1 24.4 25.0 21.5 12.8 38.0 35.4 13.8
Broward County, FL 1,413 97 74 72 48.7 51.3 26.0 25.0 24.5 24.2 26.0 38.2 29.2 6.7
Cleveland, OH 1,705 100 66 66 47.5 52.5 30.3 27.4 21.4 20.5 8.7 59.4 20.9 11.1
DeKalb County, GA 1,868 100 82 82 49.5 50.5 30.6 24.8 22.2 21.7 11.7 69.8 11.1 7.4
Detroit, MI 1,699 100 67 67 54.5 45.5 28.6 27.4 22.0 21.9 0.3 85.5 10.5 3.7
District of Columbia 10,419 92 69 64 50.8 49.2 33.7 24.0 22.0 19.8 5.5 72.5 15.7 6.3
Duval County, FL 3,608 100 75 75 51.8 48.2 27.4 26.4 23.0 22.5 37.1 43.9 9.2 9.8
Ft. Worth, TX 2,604 100 75 75 49.6 50.4 31.5 26.5 22.2 19.6 12.3 21.9 62.0 3.8
Houston, TX 3,077 100 86 86 48.3 51.7 31.9 25.1 22.3 20.5 8.6 25.4 60.1 5.9
Los Angeles, CA 2,336 100 81 81 51.1 48.9 30.1 24.9 22.8 22.1 7.8 10.1 73.8 8.4
Miami-Dade County, FL 2,728 97 80 78 49.9 50.1 25.7 25.9 24.3 23.7 7.2 21.8 68.7 2.3
New York City, NY 8,522 90 78 70 49.1 50.9 29.9 26.6 21.8 21.4 13.4 29.9 37.8 18.9
Oakland, CA 1,669 100 72 72 46.5 53.5 25.3 24.9 24.7 24.8 7.4 33.7 38.7 20.2
Orange County, FL 1,458 100 79 79 49.9 50.1 27.5 26.2 23.4 22.2 31.0 25.7 35.5 7.8
Palm Beach County, FL 2,490 96 74 71 49.1 50.9 26.5 25.4 23.5 24.3 38.0 26.3 29.0 6.8
Philadelphia, PA 1,717 100 68 68 49.9 50.1 28.4 27.2 22.1 22.0 15.3 51.4 20.1 13.2
San Diego, CA 2,333 100 88 88 48.7 51.3 27.9 25.4 23.7 23.0 24.1 8.9 42.6 24.4
San Francisco, CA 2,181 100 82 82 47.7 52.3 25.5 25.2 24.5 24.5 7.7 8.2 24.8 59.3

*Weighted population estimates for the United States and each site.
Non-Hispanic.
§American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and multiple race (non-Hispanic).

Return to your place in the textTABLE 3. Percentage of high school students who rarely or never wore a bicycle helmet* and who rarely or never wore a seat belt, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Rarely or never wore a bicycle helmet Rarely or never wore a seat belt
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity  
White 75.3 (69.4–80.4) 77.5 (71.4–82.7) 76.4 (70.5–81.4) 3.5 (2.3–5.5) 5.3 (3.6–7.6) 4.4 (3.1–6.3)
Black 82.6 (68.1–91.3) 91.6 (86.9–94.7) 88.2 (80.6–93.1) 7.6 (4.7–12.1) 12.4 (8.8–17.2) 10.1 (7.1–14.2)
Hispanic 90.3 (87.2–92.8) 90.0 (87.0–92.4) 90.1 (87.6–92.1) 6.3 (4.8–8.2) 6.8 (5.7–8.1) 6.5 (5.5–7.8)
Grade
9 78.3 (72.4–83.2) 80.2 (74.3–85.1) 79.4 (74.3–83.7) 5.5 (4.1–7.5) 7.0 (5.7–8.7) 6.3 (5.2–7.6)
10 81.9 (76.5–86.3) 80.4 (73.4–86.0) 81.1 (75.3–85.8) 4.5 (3.0–6.6) 7.6 (5.4–10.7) 6.0 (4.3–8.3)
11 78.5 (71.5–84.2) 85.4 (81.0–88.9) 82.3 (76.6–86.8) 4.1 (3.0–5.6) 7.1 (4.6–10.8) 5.8 (4.0–8.2)
12 82.1 (76.8–86.4) 84.9 (80.6–88.4) 83.5 (79.8–86.7) 5.1 (3.5–7.4) 6.1 (4.1–9.0) 5.6 (4.0–7.7)
Total 80.1 (75.2–84.3) 82.4 (78.2–86.0) 81.4 (77.0–85.1) 4.9 (3.8–6.3) 7.2 (5.7–9.0) 6.1 (4.9–7.6)

*Among the 68.0% of students nationwide who had ridden a bicycle during the 12 months before the survey.
When riding in a car driven by someone else.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 4. Percentage of high school students who rarely or never wore a bicycle helmet* and who rarely or never wore a seat belt, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Rarely or never wore a bicycle helmet Rarely or never wore a seat belt
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys  
Alabama 90.3 (86.1–93.3) 89.6 (84.6–93.1) 89.6 (86.5–92.0) 6.3 (4.4–8.9) 11.6 (8.8–15.1) 9.1 (7.2–11.4)
Alaska 57.3 (51.3–63.0) 70.6 (65.9–75.0) 64.6 (59.9–69.1) 8.5 (6.5–11.0) 10.2 (8.4–12.5) 9.4 (7.8–11.3)
Arizona 8.1 (4.9–13.1) 10.7 (7.5–15.1) 9.5 (6.6–13.5)
Arkansas 90.9 (83.6–95.1) 92.3 (88.0–95.2) 91.7 (87.5–94.5) 6.1 (5.0–7.4) 14.4 (9.2–22.1) 10.4 (7.7–14.1)
California 67.3 (55.3–77.4) 68.3 (57.0–77.8) 67.6 (57.5–76.3) 4.1 (2.8–5.9) 3.1 (2.0–4.7) 3.6 (2.5–5.1)
Connecticut 7.0 (5.4–9.0) 9.4 (7.2–12.3) 8.3 (6.5–10.5)
Delaware 78.8 (74.8–82.3) 83.6 (79.4–87.0) 81.7 (78.4–84.6) 4.9 (3.7–6.6) 7.1 (5.4–9.4) 6.3 (5.1–7.7)
Florida 85.8 (84.0–87.4) 89.7 (88.1–91.1) 87.9 (86.6–89.1) 7.0 (6.2–7.8) 9.8 (8.2–11.6) 8.5 (7.4–9.7)
Hawaii
Idaho 83.1 (79.9–85.9) 80.9 (74.9–85.8) 81.9 (78.0–85.2) 4.4 (3.3–5.8) 6.8 (4.8–9.6) 5.7 (4.3–7.5)
Illinois 89.0 (82.2–93.4) 91.1 (87.3–93.8) 90.1 (85.5–93.4) 5.2 (3.7–7.2) 7.1 (5.6–9.1) 6.3 (4.9–8.0)
Indiana 91.5 (87.2–94.4) 86.2 (78.8–91.3) 88.7 (83.4–92.5) 4.1 (2.6–6.6) 7.6 (5.4–10.6) 5.9 (4.3–8.0)
Kentucky 6.6 (5.0–8.8) 11.5 (8.9–14.8) 9.1 (7.4–11.2)
Maine 4.6 (4.1–5.2) 7.7 (6.4–9.1) 6.3 (5.4–7.2)
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan 86.4 (84.0–88.4) 90.2 (86.7–92.9) 88.4 (86.0–90.5) 6.7 (5.2–8.8) 6.5 (4.8–8.7) 6.6 (5.5–7.9)
Mississippi 93.5 (89.8–96.0) 94.8 (91.6–96.9) 94.1 (91.7–95.8) 8.2 (6.5–10.4) 13.6 (10.8–17.1) 11.1 (9.2–13.3)
Missouri 82.9 (74.5–88.9) 88.1 (84.1–91.2) 85.7 (80.2–89.8) 4.4 (3.3–6.0) 11.9 (8.4–16.8) 8.1 (6.1–10.9)
Montana 81.0 (78.0–83.7) 79.8 (76.9–82.4) 80.3 (78.1–82.4) 7.6 (6.4–8.9) 11.4 (9.5–13.6) 9.5 (8.2–11.0)
Nebraska 83.5 (79.1–87.2) 85.7 (82.0–88.8) 84.8 (82.2–87.1) 8.5 (6.0–12.0) 13.8 (11.5–16.6) 11.3 (9.1–13.9)
Nevada 83.8 (77.0–88.9) 85.1 (81.9–87.8) 84.5 (80.9–87.4) 4.4 (3.1–6.1) 7.6 (5.9–9.6) 6.2 (5.2–7.4)
New Hampshire 50.8 (48.1–53.5) 60.5 (58.0–62.9) 56.3 (54.3–58.2) 6.6 (5.8–7.6) 9.4 (8.6–10.4) 8.2 (7.5–8.8)
New Mexico 84.0 (81.6–86.1) 84.9 (82.2–87.2) 84.4 (82.3–86.3) 4.4 (3.9–5.1) 7.4 (6.5–8.4) 6.0 (5.4–6.6)
New York 76.9 (70.1–82.5) 79.3 (75.8–82.4) 78.1 (73.5–82.0)
North Carolina 82.4 (71.4–89.8) 86.9 (83.3–89.8) 84.7 (78.5–89.4) 4.8 (2.8–8.3) 8.0 (4.9–12.7) 6.5 (3.9–10.4)
North Dakota 6.9 (4.9–9.6) 10.1 (7.8–12.8) 8.5 (7.0–10.3)
Oklahoma 89.6 (84.1–93.4) 93.9 (91.7–95.6) 92.1 (88.8–94.5) 4.4 (3.1–6.3) 6.9 (4.9–9.6) 5.7 (4.4–7.4)
Pennsylvania 81.3 (76.2–85.5) 84.0 (80.5–87.0) 82.7 (79.1–85.7) 8.6 (6.7–11.0) 13.0 (10.7–15.9) 10.9 (9.2–12.9)
Rhode Island 4.1 (2.4–7.0) 7.6 (5.8–9.8) 5.9 (4.3–8.1)
South Carolina 92.2 (88.2–95.0) 91.6 (88.8–93.7) 91.9 (89.2–93.9) 4.3 (3.0–6.1) 6.3 (4.3–9.2) 5.3 (4.1–6.9)
South Dakota 92.5 (86.3–96.0) 91.4 (86.2–94.7) 91.9 (87.6–94.8) 10.0 (6.8–14.6) 19.1 (14.3–25.1) 14.6 (11.0–19.3)
Tennessee 86.7 (81.8–90.5) 89.4 (87.1–91.4) 88.1 (85.4–90.3) 5.3 (3.7–7.6) 8.9 (7.6–10.4) 7.3 (6.0–8.7)
Vermont 49.3 (48.1–50.5) 55.8 (54.7–56.9) 53.0 (52.2–53.8)
Virginia 76.0 (70.0–81.1) 76.8 (71.9–81.1) 76.5 (71.5–80.9) 4.8 (3.9–6.0) 7.6 (6.0–9.8) 6.3 (5.3–7.6)
West Virginia 85.3 (78.4–90.3) 83.4 (75.5–89.1) 84.2 (77.8–89.1) 9.0 (6.5–12.2) 13.4 (10.9–16.3) 11.2 (9.4–13.4)
Wyoming 80.4 (75.0–84.9) 79.8 (75.3–83.7) 80.1 (76.3–83.5) 9.5 (7.6–11.9) 11.7 (9.2–14.8) 10.7 (9.1–12.6)
Median 83.6   85.4   84.6   6.2   9.4   8.1  
Range (49.3–93.5) (55.8–94.8) (53.0–94.1) (4.1–10.0) (3.1–19.1) (3.6–14.6)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 91.6 (87.2–94.6) 90.8 (87.2–93.5) 90.1 (87.1–92.5) 12.8 (10.1–16.0) 15.4 (12.2–19.3) 14.3 (12.0–17.0)
Boston, MA 74.9 (68.8–80.1) 83.3 (79.6–86.5) 79.9 (76.3–83.0) 18.0 (15.5–20.8) 21.2 (17.9–24.9) 19.8 (17.5–22.2)
Broward County, FL 87.8 (83.9–90.9) 88.2 (84.4–91.2) 87.9 (85.1–90.3) 5.1 (3.6–7.1) 9.4 (7.0–12.4) 7.3 (5.8–9.2)
Cleveland, OH 96.2 (94.0–97.6) 96.0 (93.9–97.4) 95.6 (94.2–96.7) 16.6 (13.8–19.7) 23.6 (20.8–26.7) 20.4 (18.3–22.7)
DeKalb County, GA 74.3 (66.6–80.7) 83.8 (79.1–87.6) 80.1 (75.4–84.1) 7.2 (5.6–9.3) 7.7 (5.7–10.5) 7.6 (6.2–9.3)
Detroit, MI 83.2 (78.4–87.1) 90.7 (86.6–93.6) 86.8 (83.3–89.7) 7.1 (5.7–8.9) 11.9 (9.0–15.5) 9.4 (7.7–11.4)
District of Columbia
Duval County, FL 90.3 (87.2–92.7) 90.7 (88.2–92.7) 90.1 (87.6–92.1) 7.9 (5.6–11.0) 10.9 (8.7–13.7) 9.7 (7.6–12.3)
Ft. Worth, TX 87.1 (84.0–89.7) 91.8 (89.1–93.9) 89.8 (87.7–91.5) 4.7 (3.6–6.1) 6.2 (4.8–8.0) 5.5 (4.5–6.7)
Houston, TX 85.5 (82.8–87.8) 88.2 (85.4–90.5) 86.8 (84.6–88.6) 6.9 (5.8–8.3) 9.3 (7.8–11.0) 8.2 (7.2–9.4)
Los Angeles, CA 88.0 (83.0–91.7) 84.0 (79.8–87.5) 85.8 (83.0–88.1) 5.4 (4.0–7.2) 5.9 (3.8–9.1) 5.6 (4.1–7.8)
Miami-Dade County, FL 89.6 (86.7–92.0) 90.9 (88.8–92.6) 90.4 (88.7–91.9) 7.0 (5.5–8.9) 9.9 (8.0–12.2) 8.7 (7.4–10.2)
New York City, NY 84.1 (79.1–88.1) 86.7 (84.5–88.5) 85.6 (83.1–87.8)
Oakland, CA 9.8 (7.3–13.1) 9.4 (7.2–12.0) 9.8 (8.1–11.7)
Orange County, FL 86.5 (81.7–90.2) 90.8 (87.7–93.1) 88.9 (86.0–91.3) 6.3 (4.5–8.7) 9.1 (6.8–12.1) 7.9 (6.1–10.0)
Palm Beach County, FL 7.5 (6.0–9.4) 7.4 (6.2–8.8) 7.7 (6.6–9.0)
Philadelphia, PA 88.0 (82.3–92.0) 89.9 (87.5–91.8) 89.0 (86.1–91.4) 21.8 (17.7–26.5) 21.8 (19.0–24.9) 21.7 (18.8–25.0)
San Diego, CA 68.2 (62.1–73.7) 73.8 (69.7–77.5) 71.4 (67.5–75.1) 2.6 (1.7–4.1) 6.3 (4.7–8.5) 4.5 (3.5–5.7)
San Francisco, CA 49.6 (43.7–55.5) 58.6 (52.6–64.3) 55.1 (50.4–59.6) 6.6 (3.9–11.1) 9.6 (7.1–12.9) 8.2 (5.7–11.7)
Median 86.8   89.0   87.3   7.1   9.4   8.2  
Range (49.6–96.2) (58.6–96.0) (55.1–95.6) (2.6–21.8) (5.9–23.6) (4.5–21.7)

*Among students who had ridden a bicycle during the 12 months before the survey.
When riding in a car driven by someone else.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 5. Percentage of high school students who rode with a driver who had been drinking alcohol* and who drove when they had been drinking alcohol,*, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Rode with a driver who had been drinking alcohol Drove when drinking alcohol
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 17.5 (14.8–20.7) 17.7 (15.7–19.8) 17.7 (15.9–19.6) 5.4 (3.9–7.5) 9.4 (7.6–11.6) 7.4 (5.9–9.3)
Black 21.2 (15.9–27.9) 20.6 (16.9–24.9) 21.1 (17.2–25.6) 5.1 (2.6–9.5) 8.3 (6.0–11.5) 6.9 (5.2–9.1)
Hispanic 27.3 (25.2–29.4) 25.3 (22.8–27.9) 26.2 (24.4–28.2) 8.0 (6.0–10.6) 10.7 (8.7–13.1) 9.4 (7.8–11.3)
Grade
9 21.3 (18.5–24.3) 19.1 (15.9–22.6) 20.2 (17.8–22.7) 5.5 (3.5–8.3) 5.7 (3.9–8.2) 5.6 (4.3–7.4)
10 18.4 (15.1–22.2) 19.0 (16.4–21.8) 18.7 (16.3–21.3) 2.2 (1.3–3.8) 8.2 (6.1–10.9) 5.3 (3.9–7.1)
11 20.1 (17.6–22.9) 20.4 (17.7–23.5) 20.6 (18.6–22.7) 6.8 (4.9–9.3) 10.3 (6.1–16.7) 8.7 (6.2–12.1)
12 21.0 (17.9–24.4) 19.9 (17.3–22.9) 20.4 (18.2–22.8) 8.0 (5.6–11.2) 11.7 (9.0–15.0) 9.9 (7.9–12.3)
Total 20.2 (17.9–22.8) 19.6 (18.2–21.1) 20.0 (18.4–21.6) 6.0 (4.7–7.7) 9.5 (8.3–10.9) 7.8 (6.8–9.0)

*In a car or other vehicle one or more times during the 30 days before the survey.
Among the 61.4% of students nationwide who had driven a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 6. Percentage of high school students who rode with a driver who had been drinking alcohol* and who drove when they had been drinking alcohol,*, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Rode with a driver who had been drinking alcohol Drove when drinking alcohol
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 26.1 (22.7–29.9) 23.8 (20.7–27.3) 25.5 (22.6–28.6) 9.3 (6.7–12.9) 11.6 (7.8–16.8) 10.8 (8.0–14.4)
Alaska 15.2 (12.7–18.1) 13.3 (11.2–15.8) 14.3 (12.7–16.1) 5.1 (3.3–7.7) 5.7 (3.9–8.1) 5.6 (4.3–7.3)
Arizona 7.7 (3.4–16.5) 10.9 (8.6–13.8) 9.4 (6.1–14.1)
Arkansas 19.4 (16.2–23.2) 22.8 (19.6–26.4) 21.1 (19.0–23.5) 4.9 (2.1–10.9) 11.4 (8.0–15.9) 8.2 (5.7–11.6)
California 22.6 (19.4–26.2) 19.4 (15.7–23.7) 20.9 (18.5–23.5) 6.2 (3.9–9.8) 7.6 (4.6–12.4) 6.9 (4.5–10.6)
Connecticut 19.0 (16.5–21.9) 17.9 (15.3–20.8) 18.7 (16.5–21.1) 4.3 (2.7–6.7) 9.8 (7.4–12.8) 7.4 (5.9–9.2)
Delaware 16.4 (13.8–19.5) 16.6 (13.9–19.7) 17.0 (14.6–19.7) 4.8 (3.3–7.0) 8.0 (5.1–12.2) 6.5 (4.7–8.8)
Florida 21.5 (19.6–23.6) 20.1 (18.4–21.9) 21.0 (19.6–22.4) 6.8 (5.7–8.2) 10.3 (8.7–12.0) 8.8 (7.7–10.0)
Hawaii
Idaho 17.1 (14.0–20.7) 15.7 (12.9–18.8) 16.4 (14.1–19.1) 3.5 (2.1–5.8) 6.5 (4.3–9.6) 5.1 (3.7–6.8)
Illinois 21.9 (18.0–26.4) 22.7 (18.9–27.1) 22.4 (19.5–25.5) 6.6 (4.8–9.0) 9.7 (6.9–13.7) 8.2 (6.4–10.4)
Indiana 18.7 (15.5–22.3) 17.0 (14.0–20.5) 17.9 (15.5–20.6) 6.2 (3.6–10.4) 6.6 (4.0–10.6) 6.3 (4.5–8.9)
Kentucky 12.9 (10.7–15.5) 15.3 (13.1–17.7) 14.2 (12.6–16.1) 6.1 (4.4–8.3) 5.4 (3.6–8.0) 5.9 (4.6–7.5)
Maine 2.8 (2.2–3.6) 5.7 (4.4–7.3) 4.6 (3.8–5.5)
Maryland 18.6 (18.0–19.2) 17.6 (17.0–18.2) 18.2 (17.8–18.7) 5.0 (4.5–5.6) 8.6 (8.0–9.3) 7.1 (6.6–7.6)
Massachusetts 18.5 (16.2–21.0) 17.7 (15.3–20.4) 18.2 (16.3–20.4) 6.5 (4.6–9.2) 12.1 (9.3–15.7) 9.4 (7.4–11.7)
Michigan 18.2 (15.5–21.2) 19.3 (16.9–21.9) 18.7 (17.0–20.6) 3.0 (1.3–6.8) 7.8 (4.3–13.6) 5.4 (3.3–8.9)
Mississippi 22.5 (18.7–26.8) 25.9 (22.8–29.3) 24.3 (22.0–26.8) 6.5 (3.7–11.3) 7.8 (6.2–9.8) 7.2 (5.3–9.5)
Missouri 16.8 (13.4–20.9) 19.9 (16.5–23.9) 18.5 (15.7–21.6) 5.8 (2.7–12.0) 7.7 (5.0–11.6) 6.8 (4.0–11.4)
Montana 22.9 (20.3–25.7) 23.1 (21.2–25.1) 23.0 (21.2–24.9) 9.3 (7.5–11.5) 12.3 (10.2–14.8) 10.9 (9.2–12.8)
Nebraska 23.2 (19.2–27.8) 21.4 (18.3–24.8) 22.3 (19.7–25.2) 9.1 (6.0–13.5) 11.2 (8.2–15.0) 10.1 (7.6–13.3)
Nevada 25.1 (20.9–29.7) 20.9 (17.6–24.7) 23.0 (20.0–26.4) 6.0 (3.7–9.6) 10.2 (7.0–14.6) 8.2 (5.8–11.3)
New Hampshire 15.9 (14.2–17.8) 15.6 (14.4–16.9) 15.8 (14.9–16.9) 4.8 (4.0–5.8) 7.6 (6.7–8.5) 6.3 (5.7–7.1)
New Mexico 19.5 (17.8–21.3) 19.7 (18.5–21.0) 19.7 (18.5–20.9) 6.4 (5.0–8.1) 8.2 (7.2–9.5) 7.4 (6.5–8.4)
New York 5.5 (3.9–7.6) 10.1 (7.3–13.7) 8.0 (6.6–9.7)
North Carolina 15.3 (11.6–20.0) 18.4 (14.6–23.1) 16.9 (13.9–20.5) 2.5 (1.1–5.5) 6.0 (4.6–7.9) 4.3 (3.3–5.6)
North Dakota 18.2 (15.7–21.1) 17.2 (14.9–19.8) 17.7 (15.8–19.8) 5.5 (4.1–7.5) 9.9 (7.5–12.9) 7.8 (6.3–9.5)
Oklahoma 14.7 (11.6–18.4) 20.4 (16.6–24.8) 17.4 (14.7–20.4) 4.0 (2.1–7.5) 9.0 (6.0–13.2) 6.4 (4.3–9.5)
Pennsylvania 18.0 (15.3–21.0) 18.5 (15.5–21.9) 18.3 (15.9–21.0) 4.4 (2.7–7.0) 6.3 (4.3–9.2) 5.4 (4.1–7.2)
Rhode Island 18.8 (15.4–22.8) 15.9 (12.9–19.5) 17.5 (15.0–20.3)
South Carolina 18.2 (14.1–23.0) 17.9 (13.0–24.0) 18.0 (14.4–22.3) 3.5 (1.0–11.3) 5.5 (2.7–10.8) 4.5 (2.2–9.1)
South Dakota 19.7 (15.5–24.7) 20.5 (15.6–26.4) 20.1 (16.0–25.0) 5.9 (3.8–8.8) 9.7 (6.6–14.0) 7.9 (5.8–10.8)
Tennessee 16.5 (14.8–18.4) 16.2 (14.1–18.5) 16.3 (14.7–18.1) 4.2 (3.2–5.6) 9.5 (7.3–12.3) 7.1 (5.8–8.7)
Vermont 20.0 (19.3–20.8) 19.4 (18.6–20.1) 19.8 (19.2–20.3) 5.0 (4.5–5.6) 8.9 (8.2–9.6) 7.2 (6.7–7.6)
Virginia 17.0 (15.1–19.0) 14.3 (12.7–16.1) 15.6 (14.3–17.0) 5.6 (4.0–7.8) 8.2 (6.4–10.4) 7.0 (5.8–8.5)
West Virginia 16.5 (14.6–18.7) 16.9 (13.9–20.5) 16.7 (14.7–18.9) 4.8 (3.1–7.3) 7.7 (4.8–12.2) 6.3 (4.6–8.6)
Wyoming 20.2 (17.2–23.6) 22.0 (18.9–25.6) 21.2 (18.8–23.8) 8.3 (5.5–12.4) 11.5 (8.4–15.5) 9.9 (7.8–12.4)
Median 18.6   18.5   18.3   5.5   8.6   7.1  
Range (12.9–26.1) (13.3–25.9) (14.2–25.5) (2.5–9.3) (5.4–12.3) (4.3–10.9)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 20.3 (16.8–24.4) 23.5 (19.9–27.4) 22.3 (19.9–24.9) 2.2 (0.9–5.4) 7.6 (3.8–14.9) 5.4 (3.1–9.2)
Boston, MA 20.0 (17.6–22.6) 16.9 (14.3–19.9) 18.5 (16.7–20.4)
Broward County, FL 20.8 (16.9–25.2) 23.0 (19.2–27.4) 22.1 (19.1–25.3) 5.0 (3.0–8.2) 8.2 (5.6–11.9) 6.8 (5.0–9.3)
Cleveland, OH 28.6 (25.3–32.2) 26.8 (23.2–30.6) 28.2 (25.6–31.0) 5.7 (3.4–9.6) 11.2 (7.7–16.1) 9.3 (7.0–12.3)
DeKalb County, GA 19.0 (16.7–21.6) 19.8 (17.1–22.8) 19.5 (17.7–21.3) 4.2 (2.8–6.3) 6.0 (3.9–9.2) 5.2 (3.7–7.2)
Detroit, MI 31.8 (28.2–35.6) 30.9 (26.8–35.3) 31.6 (28.7–34.6) 2.5 (1.4–4.6) 5.5 (3.5–8.6) 4.4 (3.1–6.4)
District of Columbia 20.7 (18.4–20.7) 19.5 (18.4–20.7) 20.4 (19.6–21.2) 6.1 (5.0–7.4) 8.6 (7.4–10.0) 7.8 (6.9–8.8)
Duval County, FL 25.5 (23.2–28.0) 24.0 (21.1–27.1) 25.3 (23.3–27.3) 7.9 (5.9–10.5) 8.4 (6.1–11.3) 8.6 (7.0–10.7)
Ft. Worth, TX 28.9 (26.2–31.7) 23.5 (21.0–26.3) 26.2 (24.1–28.4) 7.7 (5.6–10.5) 11.6 (8.7–15.3) 9.7 (7.8–12.1)
Houston, TX 28.4 (26.0–30.9) 27.5 (25.0–30.1) 28.1 (26.4–30.0) 5.6 (4.1–7.6) 7.8 (6.0–10.1) 7.0 (5.7–8.6)
Los Angeles, CA 19.1 (16.4–22.2) 20.6 (16.9–24.9) 19.8 (17.4–22.5) 4.4 (1.7–11.0) 7.6 (4.3–13.2) 6.4 (3.4–11.5)
Miami-Dade County, FL 23.7 (20.6–27.1) 23.4 (20.3–26.9) 23.6 (21.0–26.3) 6.1 (4.4–8.3) 10.9 (8.6–13.7) 8.6 (7.0–10.4)
New York City, NY 5.6 (3.7–8.2) 7.7 (6.1–9.6) 7.1 (5.9–8.4)
Oakland, CA 21.2 (18.3–24.4) 24.9 (21.6–28.4) 23.1 (20.7–25.7) 4.3 (2.6–7.2) 6.0 (3.6–9.7) 5.5 (3.9–7.8)
Orange County, FL 22.9 (19.8–26.3) 21.0 (18.0–24.3) 21.9 (19.7–24.3) 6.7 (4.4–10.1) 9.5 (6.5–13.8) 8.2 (6.0–11.0)
Palm Beach County, FL 20.5 (18.0–23.2) 21.6 (19.2–24.2) 21.6 (19.9–23.4) 8.0 (6.0–10.6) 9.4 (7.4–11.8) 9.0 (7.4–10.9)
Philadelphia, PA 21.9 (18.1–26.2) 19.4 (16.1–23.2) 20.8 (18.4–23.4) 5.8 (3.3–10.2) 4.8 (3.1–7.3) 5.7 (3.8–8.4)
San Diego, CA 20.9 (18.1–23.9) 18.8 (16.6–21.3) 19.8 (17.8–22.0) 4.0 (2.5–6.5) 10.3 (7.9–13.2) 7.4 (6.0–9.3)
San Francisco, CA 13.8 (11.3–16.6) 13.0 (11.3–15.1) 13.4 (11.8–15.3) 4.6 (2.3–9.0) 5.1 (2.9–9.0) 4.9 (3.1–7.6)
Median 21.0   22.3   22.0   5.6   8.0   7.0  
Range (13.8–31.8) (13.0–30.9) (13.4–31.6) (2.2–8.0) (4.8–11.6) (4.4–9.7)

*In a car or other vehicle one or more times during the 30 days before the survey.
Among students who had driven a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 7. Percentage of high school students who texted or e-mailed while driving a car or other vehicle,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity            
White§ 45.3 (41.3–49.4) 45.0 (39.8–50.3) 45.2 (42.1–48.3)
Black§ 33.1 (28.3–38.3) 33.0 (27.7–38.7) 32.8 (28.5–37.5)
Hispanic 28.2 (22.9–34.1) 42.2 (37.0–47.6) 35.8 (31.2–40.7)
Grade
9 14.4 (11.2–18.3) 17.4 (13.8–21.5) 15.9 (13.4–18.9)
10 24.7 (20.0–30.1) 25.2 (21.7–29.1) 25.0 (21.4–28.9)
11 45.1 (38.7–51.6) 50.1 (44.4–55.8) 47.9 (43.9–52.0)
12 60.8 (55.4–66.0) 61.9 (56.1–67.3) 61.4 (57.0–65.6)
Total 40.4 (37.1–43.7) 42.4 (38.5–46.3) 41.5 (38.9–44.1)

*On at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey, among the 61.3% of students nationwide who had driven a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 8. Percentage of high school students who texted or e-mailed while driving a car or other vehicle,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
State surveys            
Alabama 45.6 (39.4–51.8) 41.8 (35.6–48.2) 43.9 (38.9–48.9)
Alaska 37.1 (30.4–44.3) 33.0 (27.7–38.8) 35.1 (30.5–40.0)
Arizona §
Arkansas 40.4 (35.2–45.8) 40.6 (34.8–46.8) 40.6 (35.5–45.9)
California 29.9 (24.1–36.5) 34.4 (26.2–43.7) 32.4 (25.7–39.8)
Connecticut 29.4 (24.6–34.7) 29.4 (24.3–35.1) 29.6 (25.3–34.4)
Delaware 33.4 (28.0–39.2) 37.9 (31.1–45.2) 35.8 (30.7–41.2)
Florida 35.3 (32.1–38.7) 37.0 (34.0–40.1) 36.3 (33.6–39.2)
Hawaii 42.0 (38.0–46.1) 37.9 (34.5–41.5) 40.3 (37.7–43.0)
Idaho 49.3 (41.1–57.4) 48.2 (40.4–56.2) 48.7 (41.5–56.0)
Illinois 41.6 (33.9–49.8) 41.2 (33.7–49.2) 41.5 (36.1–47.0)
Indiana 41.2 (32.8–50.1) 44.6 (39.8–49.5) 43.1 (38.1–48.3)
Kentucky 37.1 (31.4–43.3) 36.1 (30.4–42.2) 36.5 (32.1–41.2)
Maine
Maryland 22.6 (21.5–23.8) 28.6 (27.5–29.8) 26.1 (25.2–27.1)
Massachusetts 38.2 (32.8–43.9) 40.4 (36.1–44.7) 39.3 (35.3–43.3)
Michigan 36.8 (29.1–45.2) 40.9 (34.0–48.2) 39.0 (33.5–44.7)
Mississippi 44.1 (37.9–50.4) 43.5 (38.4–48.9) 44.0 (39.5–48.6)
Missouri 47.5 (36.5–58.8) 46.7 (40.5–52.9) 47.0 (41.2–53.0)
Montana 55.6 (51.4–59.7) 53.8 (50.2–57.3) 54.6 (51.2–58.0)
Nebraska 49.8 (44.5–55.1) 49.1 (43.8–54.3) 49.4 (45.0–53.8)
Nevada 39.0 (34.0–44.3) 39.5 (33.8–45.5) 39.3 (36.1–42.7)
New Hampshire 46.0 (43.1–48.9) 41.3 (38.8–43.9) 43.7 (41.6–45.8)
New Mexico 37.7 (34.7–40.9) 38.0 (34.9–41.2) 37.9 (35.2–40.6)
New York 26.5 (21.5–32.3) 30.6 (24.8–37.1) 28.9 (24.5–33.7)
North Carolina 38.4 (33.8–43.2) 36.5 (31.1–42.2) 37.6 (33.5–41.8)
North Dakota 59.5 (54.5–64.2) 55.8 (51.2–60.3) 57.6 (53.9–61.2)
Oklahoma 43.0 (36.1–50.2) 45.0 (35.1–55.3) 44.2 (36.7–52.0)
Pennsylvania 37.3 (30.1–45.2) 32.9 (29.6–36.4) 35.0 (30.7–39.7)
Rhode Island 45.0 (38.2–51.9) 46.0 (38.4–53.8) 45.7 (39.7–51.7)
South Carolina 39.1 (32.8–45.7) 36.3 (28.9–44.5) 37.6 (32.7–42.7)
South Dakota 66.9 (59.0–74.0) 59.5 (52.4–66.2) 63.2 (56.6–69.4)
Tennessee 33.6 (29.5–37.9) 37.1 (33.1–41.2) 35.4 (32.4–38.5)
Vermont 32.7 (31.5–33.9) 33.3 (32.1–34.4) 33.1 (32.2–33.9)
Virginia 31.0 (26.8–35.6) 31.5 (27.4–35.9) 31.3 (27.9–35.0)
West Virginia 34.8 (29.6–40.4) 35.4 (29.5–41.8) 35.1 (30.1–40.5)
Wyoming 53.1 (47.0–59.1) 50.3 (43.9–56.5) 51.8 (46.3–57.2)
Median 39.0   39.5   39.3  
Range (22.6–66.9) (28.6–59.5) (26.1–63.2)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 23.1 (18.1–29.0) 30.6 (25.4–36.5) 27.9 (24.4–31.7)
Boston, MA 27.1 (20.7–34.6) 35.2 (29.5–41.4) 31.8 (27.3–36.7)
Broward County, FL 38.8 (32.8–45.1) 38.6 (33.8–43.6) 38.7 (34.3–43.2)
Cleveland, OH 23.8 (19.3–29.0) 29.8 (24.8–35.4) 28.6 (24.8–32.7)
DeKalb County, GA 23.9 (18.7–30.1) 28.5 (23.3–34.4) 26.6 (22.4–31.1)
Detroit, MI 33.5 (27.3–40.4) 31.9 (25.3–39.3) 33.0 (27.5–39.0)
District of Columbia
Duval County, FL 35.7 (31.5–40.1) 32.7 (29.2–36.4) 34.8 (31.5–38.3)
Ft. Worth, TX 36.0 (31.4–40.8) 36.2 (31.9–40.7) 36.1 (33.0–39.3)
Houston, TX 32.0 (27.5–36.8) 37.0 (33.2–41.0) 35.0 (31.9–38.3)
Los Angeles, CA 16.1 (10.9–23.1) 25.1 (18.9–32.5) 21.3 (15.6–28.4)
Miami-Dade County, FL 25.9 (21.0–31.4) 38.2 (34.1–42.6) 32.4 (28.8–36.3)
New York City, NY 7.7 (5.8–10.1) 17.5 (15.5–19.8) 14.1 (12.3–16.0)
Oakland, CA 12.6 (9.3–16.9) 25.4 (21.4–29.9) 20.9 (17.8–24.3)
Orange County, FL 32.3 (26.3–39.1) 33.5 (28.5–39.0) 33.1 (28.3–38.2)
Palm Beach County, FL 37.3 (32.0–43.0) 39.3 (34.2–44.6) 38.3 (34.1–42.7)
Philadelphia, PA 18.1 (13.1–24.5) 24.9 (20.1–30.4) 21.8 (18.6–25.4)
San Diego, CA 32.5 (25.5–40.3) 33.8 (27.9–40.2) 33.2 (27.4–39.5)
San Francisco, CA 20.3 (13.7–29.1) 22.7 (16.4–30.6) 21.5 (16.0–28.2)
Median 26.5   32.3   32.1  
Range (7.7–38.8) (17.5–39.3) (14.1–38.7)

*On at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey, among students who had driven a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 9. Percentage of high school students who carried a weapon*, and who carried a gun, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Carried a weapon Carried a gun
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 8.1 (6.0–10.9) 28.0 (24.7–31.5) 18.1 (15.5–21.0) 1.4 (0.9–2.0) 9.6 (7.8–11.9) 5.5 (4.7–6.6)
Black 6.2 (3.4–10.9) 17.6 (11.9–25.2) 12.4 (9.9–15.4) 1.7 (0.8–3.6) 9.6 (6.1–14.6) 6.0 (4.3–8.3)
Hispanic 7.1 (5.6–8.9) 20.2 (17.2–23.6) 13.7 (11.6–16.2) 1.9 (1.1–3.2) 6.5 (5.2–8.1) 4.3 (3.4–5.4)
Grade
9 6.6 (5.2–8.5) 24.6 (21.3–28.2) 16.1 (14.0–18.5) 1.2 (0.8–2.0) 7.0 (5.0–9.8) 4.4 (3.5–5.6)
10 7.2 (5.2–10.0) 25.5 (21.2–30.3) 16.3 (13.5–19.5) 1.6 (0.9–2.7) 8.8 (7.0–10.9) 5.2 (4.2–6.3)
11 8.0 (5.9–10.8) 23.0 (20.2–26.1) 16.0 (13.7–18.6) 1.4 (0.9–2.3) 9.0 (7.2–11.1) 5.5 (4.3–7.0)
12 8.0 (5.7–11.2) 23.4 (19.5–27.8) 15.8 (13.4–18.5) 1.7 (1.0–2.8) 9.7 (6.9–13.4) 5.7 (4.5–7.3)
Total 7.5 (6.1–9.3) 24.3 (21.9–27.0) 16.2 (14.4–18.1) 1.6 (1.2–2.0) 8.7 (7.3–10.3) 5.3 (4.6–6.1)

*Such as, a gun, knife, or club.
On at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 10. Percentage of high school students who carried a weapon*, and who carried a gun, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Carried a weapon Carried a gun
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 10.2 (7.1–14.3) 34.6 (29.7–39.7) 22.5 (18.7–26.7) 3.4 (2.0–5.7) 15.9 (12.7–19.7) 10.0 (8.0–12.5)
Alaska
Arizona 10.2 (7.5–13.6) 25.5 (22.2–29.1) 18.0 (15.6–20.7) 2.8 (1.7–4.4) 6.9 (5.5–8.5) 4.9 (4.0–6.0)
Arkansas 9.3 (7.5–11.6) 32.1 (27.8–36.8) 21.0 (18.3–23.9) 3.6 (2.2–5.9) 15.7 (12.6–19.3) 9.8 (8.1–11.7)
California 4.6 (2.8–7.4) 13.2 (9.4–18.2) 8.9 (6.6–12.0) 0.7 (0.4–1.5) 4.8 (3.4–6.5) 2.8 (2.1–3.7)
Connecticut
Delaware 6.0 (4.4–8.2) 19.6 (17.0–22.6) 13.0 (11.3–14.9) 1.1 (0.5–2.7) 8.2 (6.3–10.6) 4.7 (3.6–6.3)
Florida 8.1 (7.0–9.3) 22.3 (19.6–25.2) 15.4 (13.6–17.3)
Hawaii 6.1 (5.0–7.3) 15.1 (13.6–16.8) 10.7 (9.6–11.9)
Idaho 14.7 (11.8–18.3) 40.9 (36.3–45.7) 28.2 (25.2–31.4)
Illinois 8.2 (6.2–10.8) 22.5 (18.7–26.8) 15.4 (12.8–18.5) 2.1 (1.3–3.3) 9.0 (7.3–11.2) 5.6 (4.5–6.9)
Indiana 8.4 (6.1–11.5) 30.2 (25.3–35.6) 19.6 (16.1–23.6) 1.6 (1.0–2.4) 10.6 (7.4–14.8) 6.2 (4.4–8.7)
Kentucky 11.6 (9.4–14.3) 34.0 (28.8–39.6) 23.1 (20.0–26.5)
Maine
Maryland 8.3 (7.9–8.8) 20.9 (20.2–21.6) 14.9 (14.4–15.3)
Massachusetts 5.0 (3.7–6.8) 19.9 (16.7–23.5) 12.6 (10.4–15.3) 0.9 (0.5–1.8) 4.5 (3.6–5.7) 2.7 (2.1–3.5)
Michigan 8.1 (6.5–10.0) 24.8 (20.3–30.1) 16.6 (13.8–19.8) 2.2 (1.3–3.8) 6.9 (5.5–8.5) 4.6 (3.8–5.6)
Mississippi 10.0 (7.7–12.8) 32.4 (27.6–37.6) 21.0 (18.2–24.2) 2.7 (1.7–4.1) 14.3 (11.8–17.2) 8.5 (7.2–10.0)
Missouri 10.8 (7.6–15.2) 33.8 (29.9–38.0) 22.1 (18.6–26.0)
Montana 14.2 (12.3–16.2) 37.8 (35.4–40.3) 26.4 (24.5–28.3) 4.4 (3.7–5.3) 17.2 (15.6–19.0) 11.1 (10.2–12.0)
Nebraska
Nevada 9.5 (7.6–11.9) 26.7 (21.6–32.4) 18.3 (15.2–21.8) 3.1 (1.9–5.0) 8.0 (6.1–10.6) 5.7 (4.2–7.6)
New Hampshire
New Mexico 12.8 (11.2–14.6) 32.1 (29.7–34.5) 22.5 (20.9–24.2) 3.3 (2.6–4.3) 11.9 (10.3–13.7) 7.7 (6.6–8.8)
New York 6.6 (5.3–8.1) 19.0 (15.8–22.8) 13.0 (11.2–15.0) 1.8 (1.2–2.6) 6.3 (5.2–7.6) 4.1 (3.4–5.1)
North Carolina 9.7 (7.3–12.9) 28.5 (24.8–32.4) 19.3 (16.8–22.1)
North Dakota
Oklahoma 9.0 (6.7–11.9) 30.5 (26.2–35.2) 19.5 (16.3–23.1) 3.3 (2.0–5.4) 10.5 (7.6–14.4) 6.8 (4.9–9.4)
Pennsylvania 8.1 (6.1–10.5) 26.4 (22.9–30.2) 17.4 (15.0–20.2) 2.7 (1.6–4.6) 12.7 (10.6–15.3) 7.9 (6.4–9.7)
Rhode Island
South Carolina 9.6 (7.9–11.6) 31.3 (25.1–38.2) 20.5 (16.7–25.0) 3.1 (2.0–4.8) 13.5 (9.3–19.1) 8.4 (5.8–12.1)
South Dakota
Tennessee
Vermont
Virginia 6.7 (5.4–8.2) 22.5 (20.2–25.0) 15.0 (13.6–16.6)
West Virginia 13.4 (10.5–17.0) 38.3 (33.9–42.9) 26.1 (22.9–29.5) 2.4 (1.6–3.6) 12.7 (10.5–15.2) 7.6 (6.3–9.3)
Wyoming 18.1 (15.6–20.8) 40.8 (36.2–45.7) 29.6 (27.0–32.3) 6.9 (5.5–8.5) 15.9 (13.1–19.2) 11.5 (9.7–13.5)
Median 9.3   28.5   19.3   2.7   10.6   6.8  
Range (4.6–18.1) (13.2–40.9) (8.9–29.6) (0.7–6.9) (4.5–17.2) (2.7–11.5)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 14.9 (12.1–18.2) 28.1 (23.5–33.1) 21.9 (19.0–25.0) 2.1 (1.1–3.9) 7.0 (4.7–10.3) 5.4 (3.8–7.6)
Boston, MA 5.4 (3.9–7.5) 17.7 (14.7–21.2) 11.7 (9.7–13.9)
Broward County, FL 7.6 (5.8–9.9) 16.7 (13.7–20.2) 12.4 (10.4–14.7) 1.1 (0.6–2.0) 4.9 (3.3–7.1) 3.1 (2.3–4.3)
Cleveland, OH 13.8 (10.7–17.7) 23.4 (20.3–26.9) 19.2 (16.6–22.0)
DeKalb County, GA 6.0 (4.6–7.9) 15.3 (12.5–18.6) 10.7 (9.0–12.7) 1.7 (1.0–2.7) 6.9 (5.1–9.4) 4.3 (3.3–5.7)
Detroit, MI 10.2 (8.2–12.5) 19.5 (16.7–22.6) 14.4 (12.5–16.5) 2.4 (1.4–4.0) 8.7 (6.7–11.1) 5.4 (4.4–6.7)
District of Columbia 12.5 (11.7–13.5) 23.6 (22.4–24.9) 18.1 (17.4–18.9)
Duval County, FL 12.2 (10.2–14.5) 26.2 (23.4–29.2) 19.3 (17.4–21.4)
Ft. Worth, TX 6.6 (5.2–8.2) 18.4 (15.7–21.4) 12.5 (10.9–14.5) 1.6 (0.9–2.7) 7.5 (5.9–9.4) 4.5 (3.6–5.6)
Houston, TX 7.7 (6.3–9.3) 18.1 (16.3–20.1) 13.2 (11.9–14.6) 3.3 (2.6–4.2) 7.3 (6.0–8.8) 5.5 (4.7–6.4)
Los Angeles, CA 4.0 (3.1–5.3) 11.8 (9.4–14.6) 7.8 (6.4–9.6) 0.9 (0.4–1.8) 3.5 (2.6–4.6) 2.2 (1.7–2.8)
Miami-Dade County, FL 4.7 (3.7–6.0) 13.6 (11.4–16.2) 9.1 (7.9–10.5) 1.9 (1.3–2.6) 6.5 (5.1–8.4) 4.2 (3.4–5.1)
New York City, NY 4.6 (3.8–5.6) 10.4 (8.7–12.3) 7.7 (6.6–8.9) 1.0 (0.6–1.5) 3.3 (2.6–4.2) 2.3 (1.9–2.8)
Oakland, CA 9.6 (7.5–12.1) 18.3 (15.5–21.4) 14.4 (12.6–16.4) 2.2 (1.3–3.8) 9.2 (7.2–11.6) 5.9 (4.7–7.3)
Orange County, FL 5.1 (3.8–6.9) 18.3 (15.3–21.8) 11.7 (10.0–13.6) 1.6 (0.9–2.9) 7.8 (5.9–10.4) 4.7 (3.5–6.2)
Palm Beach County, FL 7.9 (6.2–10.1) 20.3 (17.4–23.6) 14.5 (12.7–16.5) 1.1 (0.5–2.3) 7.4 (5.8–9.4) 4.7 (3.7–6.0)
Philadelphia, PA 8.5 (6.5–11.1) 17.0 (12.8–22.1) 12.7 (10.2–15.7) 1.8 (1.0–3.1) 8.0 (5.4–11.8) 5.0 (3.5–7.0)
San Diego, CA 4.7 (3.3–6.6) 16.1 (14.1–18.4) 10.5 (9.0–12.1) 0.4 (0.2–1.0) 4.9 (3.6–6.7) 2.7 (2.0–3.7)
San Francisco, CA 6.1 (4.6–7.9) 12.2 (9.5–15.5) 9.2 (7.4–11.5) 1.2 (0.6–2.4) 3.7 (2.2–6.0) 2.6 (1.8–3.9)
Median 7.6   18.1   12.5   1.6   7.0   4.5  
Range (4.0–14.9) (10.4–28.1) (7.7–21.9) (0.4–3.3) (3.3–9.2) (2.2–5.9)

*Such as, a gun, knife, or club.
On at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 11. Percentage of high school students who carried a weapon* on school property and who were threatened or injured with a weapon* on school property,§ by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Carried a weapon on school property Threatened or injured with a weapon on school property
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White** 1.6 (1.1–2.4) 5.7 (4.5–7.2) 3.7 (2.9–4.6) 4.3 (3.4–5.5) 5.4 (4.2–6.9) 4.9 (4.0–6.0)
Black** 2.1 (0.8–4.9) 4.7 (3.3–6.6) 3.4 (2.3–5.1) 6.5 (4.6–9.0) 8.9 (6.4–12.2) 7.9 (6.0–10.4)
Hispanic 2.9 (1.9–4.3) 6.1 (4.6–8.0) 4.5 (3.5–5.8) 4.7 (3.3–6.6) 8.4 (6.9–10.0) 6.6 (5.4–8.0)
Grade
9 1.9 (1.3–2.7) 4.6 (3.5–6.0) 3.4 (2.8–4.0) 6.2 (4.8–8.1) 7.8 (6.4–9.5) 7.2 (6.2–8.3)
10 2.2 (1.3–3.6) 6.1 (4.4–8.2) 4.1 (3.1–5.4) 5.5 (4.3–7.2) 6.8 (5.3–8.8) 6.2 (5.1–7.4)
11 1.9 (1.2–3.0) 7.4 (6.1–9.0) 4.8 (3.9–6.0) 2.9 (2.0–4.2) 7.3 (5.3–10.0) 5.5 (4.3–7.0)
12 2.0 (1.3–3.2) 5.1 (3.5–7.4) 3.6 (2.6–4.9) 3.2 (2.0–5.0) 5.7 (4.0–8.0) 4.4 (3.2–6.1)
Total 2.0 (1.5–2.7) 5.9 (5.0–6.9) 4.1 (3.5–4.7) 4.6 (3.9–5.5) 7.0 (6.1–8.1) 6.0 (5.2–6.8)

*Such as a gun, knife, or club.
On at least 1 day during the 30 days preceding the survey.
§One or more times during the 12 months preceding the survey.
95% confidence interval.
**Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 12. Percentage of high school students who carried a weapon* on school property and who were threatened or injured with a weapon* on school property,§ by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Carried a weapon on school property Threatened or injured with a weapon on school property
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 2.6 (1.4–4.8) 8.2 (5.4–12.3) 5.6 (3.6–8.5) 6.2 (4.9–7.8) 10.7 (8.1–14.1) 8.7 (7.0–10.8)
Alaska 4.2 (3.0–5.8) 11.3 (8.9–14.4) 8.2 (6.6–10.1) **
Arizona 2.8 (1.5–5.2) 6.0 (3.8–9.3) 4.5 (3.0–6.8) 5.3 (3.4–8.1) 9.5 (7.4–12.0) 7.5 (5.7–9.6)
Arkansas 2.7 (1.5–4.9) 7.8 (5.4–11.1) 5.4 (3.8–7.5) 6.9 (5.2–9.0) 13.8 (11.8–16.0) 10.6 (9.4–12.0)
California 1.8 (0.8–3.7) 3.7 (2.7–5.2) 2.7 (1.9–4.0) 4.3 (3.1–6.0) 5.8 (4.0–8.3) 5.2 (3.8–6.9)
Connecticut 3.3 (2.5–4.3) 8.6 (6.5–11.4) 6.2 (5.1–7.5) 5.2 (3.6–7.5) 7.9 (6.4–9.6) 6.7 (5.4–8.3)
Delaware 2.6 (1.7–4.1) 5.2 (3.7–7.3) 4.0 (3.1–5.2) 3.8 (2.5–5.6) 7.8 (5.9–10.2) 6.2 (4.6–8.2)
Florida 5.1 (4.3–6.0) 9.1 (7.9–10.5) 7.3 (6.5–8.2)
Hawaii
Idaho 3.5 (2.1–5.8) 9.9 (7.3–13.4) 6.8 (5.0–9.2) 4.8 (3.4–6.8) 7.4 (5.9–9.2) 6.1 (5.2–7.2)
Illinois 2.5 (1.8–3.4) 6.0 (4.6–7.6) 4.3 (3.4–5.5) 3.6 (2.6–5.1) 9.4 (7.1–12.4) 6.6 (5.2–8.5)
Indiana 2.6 (1.8–3.7) 8.3 (5.0–13.3) 5.6 (3.7–8.4) 4.7 (3.0–7.5) 8.3 (5.5–12.3) 6.6 (4.8–9.0)
Kentucky 4.1 (2.7–6.2) 8.8 (6.0–12.6) 6.5 (4.7–8.9) 6.7 (4.9–9.1) 7.6 (5.8–9.9) 7.2 (5.7–9.2)
Maine 2.7 (2.2–3.2) 8.5 (7.3–9.9) 5.8 (5.1–6.6) 3.6 (2.9–4.4) 6.4 (5.4–7.5) 5.2 (4.5–6.0)
Maryland 2.8 (2.5–3.1) 5.4 (5.0–5.8) 4.3 (4.0–4.5) 5.3 (4.9–5.7) 8.7 (8.2–9.2) 7.2 (6.9–7.6)
Massachusetts 1.6 (1.0–2.6) 4.6 (3.5–5.8) 3.2 (2.5–4.1) 2.8 (2.0–4.0) 5.0 (3.9–6.4) 4.1 (3.2–5.1)
Michigan 1.6 (0.8–2.9) 5.5 (3.6–8.4) 3.6 (2.6–5.0) 5.0 (3.7–6.6) 8.0 (6.1–10.3) 6.6 (5.4–8.0)
Mississippi 2.8 (1.7–4.6) 7.2 (5.8–8.9) 5.2 (4.3–6.3) 8.0 (5.9–10.7) 11.4 (8.9–14.4) 10.1 (8.2–12.2)
Missouri 2.9 (1.7–4.9) 9.1 (7.2–11.4) 5.9 (4.6–7.5)
Montana 5.4 (4.3–6.8) 15.5 (13.2–18.0) 10.6 (9.1–12.3) 4.3 (3.3–5.7) 6.6 (5.3–8.1) 5.5 (4.7–6.6)
Nebraska 5.3 (3.5–8.0) 10.2 (8.1–12.8) 8.1 (6.4–10.2) 5.1 (3.5–7.4) 8.3 (6.4–10.7) 7.1 (5.6–8.9)
Nevada 2.5 (1.6–3.9) 4.7 (2.8–8.0) 3.7 (2.6–5.2) 6.0 (4.6–7.8) 7.5 (5.2–10.5) 6.9 (5.4–8.7)
New Hampshire
New Mexico 2.2 (1.7–2.8) 6.9 (5.9–7.9) 4.6 (4.0–5.3)
New York 2.6 (1.9–3.6) 5.8 (4.3–7.9) 4.5 (3.6–5.6) 6.0 (4.5–7.9) 9.9 (8.1–12.1) 8.3 (7.1–9.8)
North Carolina 2.3 (1.2–4.2) 5.4 (4.2–6.8) 3.9 (3.0–5.2) 3.6 (2.6–5.1) 5.9 (4.1–8.3) 4.9 (3.7–6.5)
North Dakota 2.1 (1.4–3.3) 8.0 (6.5–9.8) 5.2 (4.3–6.2)
Oklahoma 2.2 (1.3–3.9) 7.6 (5.3–10.7) 4.8 (3.4–6.8) 3.6 (2.2–5.8) 6.8 (4.8–9.6) 5.1 (3.7–7.0)
Pennsylvania 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 3.0 (1.9–4.7) 2.0 (1.3–3.1) 3.3 (2.4–4.4) 6.4 (5.1–8.2) 5.0 (4.1–6.0)
Rhode Island 2.1 (1.1–3.8) 7.0 (5.0–9.7) 4.8 (3.3–6.9)
South Carolina 1.8 (0.7–4.7) 4.0 (2.7–5.9) 2.9 (2.0–4.1) 3.4 (2.2–5.4) 7.2 (4.8–10.6) 5.3 (3.9–7.2)
South Dakota 2.4 (1.2–4.9) 11.5 (7.9–16.5) 7.1 (4.9–10.3) 5.4 (3.2–9.1) 8.9 (6.5–12.0) 7.3 (5.3–9.9)
Tennessee 8.8 (6.6–11.8) 11.1 (9.2–13.4) 10.2 (8.2–12.5)
Vermont 3.7 (3.3–4.0) 11.2 (10.6–11.9) 7.7 (7.3–8.0) 4.0 (3.7–4.4) 6.3 (5.8–6.8) 5.3 (5.0–5.6)
Virginia 1.0 (0.5–1.8) 4.0 (2.8–5.6) 2.6 (1.9–3.7) 4.6 (3.5–6.0) 8.0 (6.7–9.6) 6.4 (5.3–7.7)
West Virginia 3.8 (2.5–5.7) 9.2 (6.1–13.7) 6.5 (4.9–8.6) 6.1 (4.3–8.6) 7.7 (5.7–10.3) 6.9 (5.8–8.2)
Wyoming 5.7 (4.0–8.1) 15.3 (12.9–17.9) 10.7 (9.2–12.4) 5.2 (3.9–6.8) 7.9 (5.9–10.4) 6.6 (5.3–8.2)
Median 2.6   7.6   5.2   5.0   7.9   6.6  
Range (0.9–5.7) (3.0–15.5) (2.0–10.7) (2.8–8.8) (5.0–13.8) (4.1–10.6)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 6.3 (4.5–8.6) 12.7 (9.2–17.3) 9.8 (7.5–12.7) 6.9 (4.9–9.5) 11.9 (8.5–16.5) 10.0 (7.9–12.7)
Boston, MA 2.0 (1.3–3.2) 5.6 (3.8–8.0) 3.8 (2.8–5.1) 3.0 (2.0–4.5) 5.4 (3.7–7.8) 4.3 (3.3–5.5)
Broward County, FL 2.5 (1.6–3.8) 4.2 (2.8–6.2) 3.5 (2.6–4.6) 5.8 (4.2–8.1) 7.4 (5.8–9.5) 6.7 (5.3–8.5)
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA 2.0 (1.1–3.3) 4.1 (2.8–5.8) 3.0 (2.2–4.1) 6.0 (4.5–7.8) 9.1 (7.0–11.8) 7.7 (6.3–9.2)
Detroit, MI 3.8 (2.7–5.3) 5.2 (3.7–7.2) 4.6 (3.7–5.6) 11.7 (7.9–16.9) 16.3 (12.3–21.1) 13.9 (10.5–18.3)
District of Columbia 6.0 (5.4–6.7) 8.7 (7.9–9.5) 7.6 (7.1–8.1)
Duval County, FL 4.2 (3.0–5.9) 6.8 (4.8–9.6) 5.8 (4.3–7.8) 9.5 (7.4–12.1) 12.3 (9.5–15.8) 11.5 (9.2–14.2)
Ft. Worth, TX 2.3 (1.5–3.5) 3.7 (2.7–4.9) 3.0 (2.3–3.8) 4.7 (3.6–6.0) 6.1 (4.7–7.8) 5.4 (4.5–6.5)
Houston, TX 3.0 (2.1–4.3) 4.3 (3.4–5.4) 3.9 (3.0–4.9) 6.1 (4.7–7.9) 10.0 (8.3–12.0) 8.5 (7.2–9.9)
Los Angeles, CA 1.2 (0.6–2.2) 4.1 (2.6–6.2) 2.6 (1.8–3.9) 3.1 (1.9–5.1) 6.6 (4.5–9.7) 4.9 (3.4–7.0)
Miami-Dade County, FL 1.1 (0.7–1.8) 3.6 (2.5–5.2) 2.4 (1.7–3.2) 3.9 (2.9–5.3) 9.4 (7.7–11.5) 6.7 (5.6–8.0)
New York City, NY 2.0 (1.6–2.7) 3.9 (2.9–5.3) 3.1 (2.5–3.9) 4.4 (3.4–5.7) 8.0 (6.5–9.7) 6.3 (5.4–7.5)
Oakland, CA 4.8 (3.4–6.8) 8.2 (6.1–11.1) 6.7 (5.5–8.2) 5.3 (3.9–7.2) 10.6 (8.2–13.5) 8.2 (6.8–9.9)
Orange County, FL 1.7 (1.0–3.0) 4.2 (2.5–7.0) 3.0 (1.9–4.5) 5.0 (3.5–7.2) 8.7 (6.1–12.3) 6.9 (5.1–9.1)
Palm Beach County, FL 2.0 (1.2–3.4) 3.8 (2.8–5.2) 3.2 (2.4–4.4) 5.4 (4.0–7.4) 11.1 (9.1–13.5) 9.0 (7.5–10.8)
Philadelphia, PA 1.9 (1.0–3.6) 3.6 (2.1–6.1) 2.9 (1.8–4.6) 4.9 (3.2–7.6) 8.6 (5.5–13.1) 6.8 (4.7–9.9)
San Diego, CA 1.6 (0.8–3.2) 4.8 (3.7–6.2) 3.3 (2.5–4.2) 3.0 (2.1–4.3) 6.1 (4.9–7.5) 4.6 (3.8–5.6)
San Francisco, CA 3.4 (2.3–5.1) 6.0 (4.4–8.0) 4.9 (3.8–6.3) 4.2 (2.5–7.0) 6.8 (4.9–9.2) 5.9 (4.3–8.1)
Median 2.0   4.2   3.3   5.1   8.7   6.8  
Range (1.1–6.3) (3.6–12.7) (2.4–9.8) (3.0–11.7) (5.4–16.3) (4.3–13.9)

*Such as a gun, knife, or club.
On at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
§One or more times during the 12 months before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
**Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 13. Percentage of high school students who were in a physical fight* and who were injured in a physical fight,*,† by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category In a physical fight Injured in a physical fight
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 13.5 (10.8–16.7) 26.6 (24.3–29.0) 20.1 (17.9–22.5) 0.9 (0.6–1.6) 2.8 (2.0–3.8) 1.9 (1.4–2.6)
Black 25.4 (20.1–31.5) 38.6 (33.9–43.5) 32.4 (28.3–36.8) 3.4 (2.1–5.6) 5.8 (4.1–8.0) 4.7 (3.5–6.3)
Hispanic 18.6 (16.1–21.4) 27.3 (24.2–30.6) 23.0 (20.8–25.3) 3.0 (2.3–3.9) 4.6 (3.2–6.8) 3.8 (3.0–4.8)
Grade
9 22.6 (19.6–26.0) 32.5 (28.5–36.9) 27.9 (25.0–31.1) 2.5 (1.8–3.5) 3.5 (2.5–4.9) 3.1 (2.5–3.8)
10 17.6 (14.2–21.7) 29.4 (26.0–32.9) 23.4 (20.6–26.5) 1.4 (0.9–2.2) 3.3 (2.1–5.0) 2.4 (1.7–3.4)
11 12.8 (10.5–15.4) 27.1 (23.9–30.6) 20.5 (18.1–23.1) 1.5 (0.9–2.8) 4.3 (3.0–6.0) 3.3 (2.3–4.6)
12 12.0 (9.4–15.1) 22.9 (19.2–27.0) 17.4 (15.1–20.1) 1.4 (0.8–2.5) 3.5 (2.3–5.2) 2.5 (1.8–3.5)
Total 16.5 (14.5–18.7) 28.4 (26.3–30.5) 22.6 (20.9–24.4) 1.8 (1.4–2.3) 3.7 (3.1–4.5) 2.9 (2.5–3.4)

*One or more times during the 12 months before the survey.
Injuries had to be treated by a doctor or nurse.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 14. Percentage of high school students who were in a physical fight* and who were injured in a physical fight,*, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site In a physical fight Injured in a physical fight
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 17.2 (14.4–20.4) 31.2 (27.4–35.2) 24.3 (21.4–27.4) 2.7 (1.7–4.2) 3.7 (2.4–5.4) 3.3 (2.3–4.7)
Alaska 14.8 (11.7–18.4) 24.9 (21.4–28.7) 20.1 (17.4–23.1) 2.2 (1.2–3.8) 3.7 (2.6–5.4) 3.0 (2.2–4.1)
Arizona 16.6 (13.5–20.2) 28.7 (25.0–32.8) 22.8 (20.4–25.4)
Arkansas 15.6 (13.2–18.3) 32.9 (29.9–36.0) 24.4 (22.8–26.1) 2.5 (1.3–4.8) 4.8 (3.4–6.9) 3.8 (2.7–5.3)
California 12.9 (9.6–17.0) 19.8 (15.5–24.9) 16.3 (13.3–19.9) 1.0 (0.5–2.1) 4.0 (2.5–6.2) 2.5 (1.7–3.6)
Connecticut 13.2 (11.0–15.9) 22.9 (20.1–26.0) 18.4 (16.4–20.5)
Delaware 15.9 (13.6–18.6) 25.4 (22.0–29.0) 21.2 (18.9–23.8) 2.9 (1.8–4.5) 4.4 (3.2–6.0) 3.8 (2.8–5.1)
Florida 14.8 (13.2–16.6) 26.7 (24.7–28.9) 20.9 (19.3–22.7) 2.3 (1.7–3.0) 4.3 (3.4–5.4) 3.4 (2.8–4.1)
Hawaii 10.9 (8.8–13.3) 18.5 (16.8–20.5) 14.9 (13.2–16.9) 1.5 (1.2–2.0) 4.1 (3.0–5.6) 2.9 (2.3–3.8)
Idaho 18.5 (16.3–20.9) 27.5 (24.5–30.6) 23.2 (21.1–25.4) 2.9 (2.1–4.2) 2.6 (1.7–3.9) 2.8 (2.2–3.6)
Illinois 15.6 (12.8–18.7) 29.8 (26.3–33.5) 22.7 (19.8–25.9) 2.1 (1.4–3.1) 4.1 (3.2–5.2) 3.2 (2.5–4.0)
Indiana 12.9 (9.8–16.8) 22.7 (19.2–26.6) 18.1 (15.0–21.6) 1.1 (0.5–2.2) 3.1 (1.9–5.1) 2.2 (1.4–3.3)
Kentucky 16.1 (12.9–19.7) 23.6 (20.2–27.3) 19.9 (17.8–22.2) 1.6 (0.8–3.0) 2.4 (1.5–3.9) 2.2 (1.5–3.3)
Maine 9.1 (7.9–10.5) 20.5 (19.0–22.0) 15.1 (13.8–16.4) 1.0 (0.8–1.3) 2.7 (2.4–3.0) 1.9 (1.8–2.1)
Maryland
Massachusetts 11.4 (9.3–14.0) 26.8 (23.7–30.1) 19.2 (16.7–22.0) 1.2 (0.6–2.3) 2.7 (1.8–3.9) 2.0 (1.4–2.8)
Michigan 14.3 (11.7–17.4) 26.4 (22.8–30.4) 20.4 (17.8–23.1) 2.3 (1.4–3.7) 2.9 (1.9–4.5) 2.7 (1.8–3.9)
Mississippi 19.9 (16.5–23.7) 34.5 (29.7–39.7) 27.3 (23.9–31.1) 2.6 (1.7–3.9) 5.7 (3.9–8.2) 4.4 (3.3–5.9)
Missouri 3.8 (2.7–5.5) 8.7 (6.6–11.5) 6.3 (4.9–8.1)
Montana 16.4 (14.5–18.5) 28.1 (25.8–30.5) 22.4 (20.9–24.1) 1.7 (1.3–2.3) 2.9 (2.3–3.7) 2.3 (1.9–2.8)
Nebraska 16.1 (13.3–19.4) 22.8 (19.9–26.0) 19.7 (17.7–22.0) 2.4 (1.3–4.5) 2.9 (1.7–5.0) 2.8 (1.9–4.2)
Nevada 16.0 (12.9–19.6) 24.0 (20.9–27.4) 20.1 (17.7–22.7) 1.8 (0.9–3.3) 5.2 (2.9–9.3) 3.6 (2.2–5.8)
New Hampshire 2.8 (2.3–3.4) 5.3 (4.6–6.0) 4.2 (3.7–4.6)
New Mexico 20.5 (18.6–22.6) 31.1 (28.8–33.4) 25.9 (24.2–27.6)
New York 17.3 (15.3–19.5) 22.8 (20.3–25.4) 20.2 (18.5–22.0)
North Carolina 16.2 (12.8–20.3) 24.8 (19.9–30.4) 20.7 (17.7–24.1) 2.0 (1.1–3.8) 3.3 (2.1–5.3) 2.7 (1.8–4.1)
North Dakota
Oklahoma 14.2 (11.1–18.1) 28.1 (24.2–32.4) 21.0 (18.0–24.4) 1.4 (0.6–3.5) 2.8 (1.6–4.7) 2.1 (1.2–3.7)
Pennsylvania 16.5 (13.2–20.5) 26.6 (23.6–29.9) 21.7 (18.9–24.7) 2.2 (1.5–3.3) 3.6 (2.5–5.1) 2.9 (2.2–3.9)
Rhode Island
South Carolina 19.4 (15.1–24.5) 32.1 (28.2–36.2) 25.8 (21.7–30.4) 1.5 (0.7–3.2) 3.8 (2.7–5.3) 2.7 (2.1–3.3)
South Dakota 14.4 (10.4–19.5) 28.8 (22.6–35.8) 21.7 (17.0–27.2) 1.1 (0.5–2.4) 2.8 (1.4–5.4) 2.0 (1.2–3.3)
Tennessee 4.7 (3.6–6.0) 8.0 (6.8–9.4) 6.5 (5.6–7.5)
Vermont 12.3 (11.7–12.9) 24.2 (23.4–25.0) 18.4 (17.9–18.9)
Virginia 13.5 (11.6–15.6) 27.3 (24.8–30.1) 20.6 (18.7–22.7) 1.9 (1.3–2.8) 3.6 (2.8–4.6) 2.9 (2.3–3.5)
West Virginia 14.0 (11.1–17.5) 26.9 (23.5–30.7) 20.5 (17.7–23.6) 2.3 (1.5–3.5) 3.1 (2.3–4.2) 2.7 (2.1–3.6)
Wyoming 15.7 (12.9–18.9) 23.4 (20.6–26.4) 19.7 (17.4–22.2) 2.5 (1.7–3.6) 2.9 (1.9–4.5) 2.7 (2.0–3.7)
Median 15.6   26.6   20.6   2.2   3.6   2.8  
Range (9.1–20.5) (18.5–34.5) (14.9–27.3) (1.0–4.7) (2.4–8.7) (1.9–6.5)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 34.4 (28.8–40.4) 40.0 (35.1–45.1) 37.8 (34.3–41.4) 7.0 (4.2–11.2) 7.1 (4.8–10.4) 7.7 (5.5–10.7)
Boston, MA 17.0 (14.1–20.3) 22.9 (19.9–26.2) 20.0 (17.7–22.4)
Broward County, FL 17.0 (13.8–20.8) 28.1 (24.1–32.5) 22.8 (19.7–26.2) 3.3 (2.1–5.2) 4.2 (2.8–6.2) 3.8 (2.8–5.0)
Cleveland, OH 40.3 (36.2–44.5) 44.0 (40.0–48.1) 42.5 (39.5–45.4)
DeKalb County, GA 20.2 (17.1–23.7) 30.9 (27.5–34.5) 25.7 (23.4–28.2) 1.5 (0.9–2.5) 4.5 (2.9–6.8) 3.0 (2.2–4.2)
Detroit, MI 31.3 (27.1–35.7) 39.7 (32.9–46.8) 35.2 (31.1–39.5) 9.6 (6.4–14.3) 9.0 (5.8–13.6) 9.4 (6.4–13.5)
District of Columbia 30.6 (29.3–31.9) 34.0 (32.5–35.4) 32.4 (31.4–33.3)
Duval County, FL 23.8 (21.4–26.4) 31.1 (27.9–34.5) 27.4 (25.1–29.7)
Ft. Worth, TX 18.3 (15.8–21.2) 29.5 (26.6–32.7) 23.8 (21.7–26.1) 1.6 (0.9–2.6) 4.6 (3.5–6.1) 3.1 (2.4–3.9)
Houston, TX 20.0 (17.8–22.3) 28.7 (26.3–31.1) 24.6 (22.7–26.5) 3.1 (2.2–4.2) 4.7 (3.6–6.1) 4.1 (3.3–5.0)
Los Angeles, CA 11.7 (9.4–14.6) 21.1 (16.9–26.0) 16.3 (13.9–19.2) 1.3 (0.7–2.5) 3.2 (2.3–4.5) 2.2 (1.7–2.9)
Miami-Dade County, FL 12.4 (10.5–14.6) 27.3 (24.6–30.2) 19.8 (17.9–21.7) 1.2 (0.7–2.1) 4.7 (3.5–6.3) 3.0 (2.2–4.0)
New York City, NY 18.8 (16.2–21.7) 25.6 (23.6–27.8) 22.4 (21.0–24.0)
Oakland, CA 16.0 (13.1–19.5) 21.4 (18.2–25.0) 19.1 (16.7–21.9) 2.2 (1.3–3.5) 4.3 (2.7–6.9) 3.4 (2.3–4.8)
Orange County, FL 13.5 (10.6–16.9) 24.4 (20.1–29.2) 18.7 (15.8–22.1) 2.9 (1.7–4.9) 4.8 (3.0–7.6) 3.8 (2.6–5.5)
Palm Beach County, FL 14.0 (11.9–16.3) 26.9 (24.2–29.8) 21.1 (19.2–23.2) 1.8 (1.0–3.0) 4.6 (3.5–6.1) 3.6 (2.7–4.8)
Philadelphia, PA 30.0 (24.1–36.7) 41.6 (36.0–47.5) 35.9 (31.2–41.0) 3.8 (2.6–5.4) 6.9 (5.1–9.3) 5.4 (4.3–6.8)
San Diego, CA 11.9 (9.6–14.6) 27.4 (24.2–30.9) 19.8 (17.6–22.3) 1.3 (0.7–2.5) 3.4 (2.5–4.7) 2.4 (1.8–3.1)
San Francisco, CA 11.7 (8.9–15.1) 16.0 (13.3–19.1) 13.9 (11.8–16.4) 1.4 (0.8–2.7) 2.7 (1.7–4.5) 2.2 (1.4–3.4)
Median 18.3   28.1   22.8   2.0   4.6   3.5  
Range (11.7–40.3) (16.0–44.0) (13.9–42.5) (1.2–9.6) (2.7–9.0) (2.2–9.4)

*One or more times during the 12 months before the survey.
Injuries had to be treated by a doctor or nurse.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 15. Percentage of high school students who were in a physical fight on school property* and who did not go to school because they felt unsafe at school or on their way to or from school, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category In a physical fight on school property Did not go to school because of safety concerns
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 3.2 (2.2–4.6) 8.0 (6.8–9.4) 5.6 (5.0–6.4) 5.4 (4.1–7.1) 2.9 (2.0–4.1) 4.2 (3.2–5.4)
Black 9.4 (6.7–13.1) 15.4 (10.9–21.2) 12.6 (9.1–17.1) 6.4 (4.7–8.5) 6.9 (5.0–9.4) 6.8 (5.4–8.5)
Hispanic 7.1 (5.5–9.1) 10.7 (8.6–13.2) 8.9 (7.3–10.9) 7.4 (5.8–9.3) 7.6 (6.2–9.4) 7.6 (6.3–9.0)
Grade
9 8.2 (6.7–9.9) 14.7 (12.6–17.2) 11.6 (10.1–13.4) 7.7 (6.0–9.9) 4.9 (3.5–6.9) 6.4 (5.1–7.8)
10 4.6 (3.3–6.4) 10.0 (7.8–12.8) 7.3 (5.9–9.0) 6.3 (5.0–8.0) 4.4 (2.9–6.6) 5.4 (4.2–6.9)
11 4.1 (2.8–5.9) 8.3 (6.0–11.4) 6.5 (5.0–8.4) 5.3 (4.0–7.1) 3.7 (2.7–5.0) 4.6 (3.7–5.9)
12 2.5 (1.7–3.7) 6.4 (4.7–8.6) 4.5 (3.5–5.6) 4.3 (3.0–6.2) 6.9 (4.3–10.8) 5.7 (4.0–7.9)
Total 5.0 (4.1–6.0) 10.3 (8.8–12.0) 7.8 (6.7–8.9) 6.0 (5.1–7.1) 5.0 (4.2–5.9) 5.6 (4.8–6.5)

*One or more times during the 12 months before the survey.
On at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 16. Percentage of high school students who were in a physical fight on school property* and who did not go to school because they felt unsafe at school or on their way to or from school, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site In a physical fight on school property Did not go to school because of safety concerns
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 6.1 (4.5–8.2) 12.2 (9.9–15.1) 9.3 (7.7–11.2) 8.6 (6.2–11.8) 7.7 (5.7–10.4) 8.1 (6.2–10.5)
Alaska 3.2 (1.9–5.5) 7.8 (6.2–9.7) 5.8 (4.6–7.3) 9.0 (7.0–11.6) 8.2 (6.2–10.7) 8.8 (7.3–10.6)
Arizona 4.8 (3.2–7.2) 9.4 (7.5–11.8) 7.2 (5.5–9.3) 6.8 (5.2–8.8) 5.6 (4.1–7.5) 6.3 (5.3–7.5)
Arkansas 5.3 (3.4–8.1) 16.9 (14.7–19.3) 11.2 (9.9–12.7) 8.4 (7.0–10.2) 6.7 (5.0–8.9) 7.7 (6.6–8.9)
California 4.3 (3.0–6.1) 8.8 (6.9–11.4) 6.6 (5.5–7.8) 7.4 (5.2–10.5) 4.4 (3.3–6.0) 6.1 (4.6–8.0)
Connecticut 6.2 (4.5–8.6) 7.2 (5.3–9.9) 6.9 (5.4–8.8)
Delaware 5.9 (4.2–8.1) 10.1 (8.0–12.6) 8.1 (6.7–9.8) 3.9 (2.6–5.8) 6.1 (4.8–7.8) 5.3 (4.3–6.5)
Florida 5.6 (4.7–6.7) 9.5 (8.2–11.0) 7.6 (6.6–8.8) 8.2 (7.1–9.4) 7.8 (6.3–9.6) 8.1 (7.1–9.4)
Hawaii 8.9 (7.4–10.6) 8.8 (7.3–10.7) 9.1 (7.8–10.6)
Idaho 3.5 (2.2–5.5) 8.2 (6.3–10.6) 6.0 (4.9–7.3) 6.7 (5.0–9.0) 4.0 (2.8–5.9) 5.4 (4.1–6.9)
Illinois 5.5 (3.9–7.8) 9.7 (7.8–12.2) 7.7 (6.0–9.8) 5.8 (4.4–7.6) 6.1 (4.5–8.3) 6.0 (4.6–7.8)
Indiana 3.4 (2.1–5.6) 7.2 (5.4–9.5) 5.5 (4.2–7.2) 6.8 (4.6–9.9) 6.3 (3.7–10.5) 6.7 (4.6–9.6)
Kentucky 4.8 (3.3–7.0) 10.3 (8.1–12.9) 7.8 (6.4–9.4) 5.8 (4.5–7.6) 5.1 (3.3–7.7) 5.7 (4.5–7.3)
Maine 2.3 (1.9–2.8) 7.1 (6.1–8.2) 4.9 (4.3–5.5) 6.0 (5.3–6.8) 4.5 (3.6–5.5) 5.4 (4.7–6.1)
Maryland 8.5 (7.9–9.1) 15.1 (14.4–15.9) 12.2 (11.6–12.8) 5.5 (5.1–6.0) 6.0 (5.6–6.4) 6.0 (5.7–6.4)
Massachusetts 3.3 (2.1–5.2) 7.7 (6.4–9.2) 5.6 (4.5–7.0) 5.8 (4.6–7.3) 3.8 (2.9–5.0) 4.8 (3.9–5.9)
Michigan 4.8 (3.2–7.2) 9.9 (7.6–12.7) 7.4 (5.8–9.5) 6.6 (5.0–8.7) 4.8 (3.7–6.2) 5.8 (4.8–6.9)
Mississippi 5.6 (3.9–8.1) 11.4 (8.6–15.0) 8.7 (6.8–11.2) 8.7 (6.7–11.4) 8.5 (6.0–12.0) 9.0 (6.9–11.8)
Missouri 4.1 (3.2–5.2) 8.0 (5.7–11.3) 6.1 (4.8–7.8)
Montana 4.8 (3.8–6.2) 10.2 (8.6–11.9) 7.6 (6.6–8.7) 5.3 (4.4–6.4) 4.6 (3.6–6.0) 5.0 (4.2–6.0)
Nebraska 3.1 (2.0–4.9) 7.3 (5.4–9.8) 5.5 (4.4–6.9) 6.8 (4.8–9.4) 5.1 (3.2–8.1) 6.2 (4.6–8.4)
Nevada 5.7 (3.9–8.4) 7.7 (5.2–11.2) 6.8 (5.2–8.8) 8.5 (6.1–11.9) 8.1 (6.4–10.3) 8.5 (7.0–10.4)
New Hampshire 3.5 (3.0–4.1) 8.9 (8.1–9.8) 6.4 (5.9–7.0) 6.2 (5.5–6.9) 4.5 (3.9–5.2) 5.4 (4.9–5.9)
New Mexico 5.8 (4.9–6.9) 11.1 (9.7–12.6) 8.5 (7.5–9.5) 7.7 (5.3–11.3) 7.8 (6.3–9.6) 7.8 (5.9–10.2)
New York 6.3 (4.9–8.0) 8.4 (6.9–10.1) 7.6 (6.5–8.8)
North Carolina 4.9 (3.5–6.9) 8.7 (6.3–11.9) 6.9 (5.6–8.5) 5.9 (4.2–8.5) 6.2 (4.7–8.2) 6.2 (4.9–8.0)
North Dakota 3.2 (1.9–5.2) 7.5 (5.9–9.4) 5.4 (4.3–6.8)
Oklahoma 4.4 (2.7–7.2) 9.9 (7.7–12.5) 7.1 (5.3–9.6) 5.0 (3.3–7.4) 3.8 (1.9–7.2) 4.3 (2.9–6.5)
Pennsylvania 4.3 (3.0–6.2) 9.2 (7.1–11.8) 6.8 (5.3–8.7) 8.3 (5.3–12.8) 6.7 (4.3–10.3) 7.6 (5.1–11.2)
Rhode Island 6.6 (4.6–9.3) 11.1 (8.8–13.9) 9.1 (7.1–11.5) 4.9 (3.2–7.3) 6.7 (5.4–8.4) 6.0 (4.9–7.3)
South Carolina 5.4 (3.5–8.2) 12.8 (9.0–18.0) 9.1 (6.5–12.6) 14.2 (8.1–23.7) 8.8 (6.5–11.7) 11.5 (7.7–16.8)
South Dakota 3.3 (1.9–5.5) 10.2 (5.9–17.1) 6.8 (4.5–10.2) 4.8 (2.9–7.8) 4.7 (2.5–8.8) 4.7 (2.8–7.8)
Tennessee 7.7 (6.1–9.7) 13.5 (10.9–16.4) 10.8 (9.4–12.4) 9.9 (8.0–12.3) 8.6 (7.1–10.3) 9.3 (7.7–11.2)
Vermont 4.0 (3.7–4.4) 10.4 (9.9–11.0) 7.4 (7.0–7.7) 7.2 (6.7–7.7) 4.4 (4.0–4.8) 5.9 (5.6–6.2)
Virginia 4.6 (3.6–6.0) 10.4 (8.7–12.4) 7.7 (6.5–9.0) 6.6 (5.0–8.6) 5.6 (4.5–7.0) 6.1 (5.0–7.4)
West Virginia 4.2 (3.0–5.7) 10.3 (7.0–14.9) 7.2 (5.1–10.1) 9.4 (6.9–12.7) 8.4 (5.8–12.0) 8.9 (7.0–11.2)
Wyoming 3.7 (2.6–5.1) 8.4 (6.8–10.3) 6.1 (5.1–7.4) 7.1 (5.6–9.1) 6.2 (4.7–8.2) 6.7 (5.5–8.2)
Median 4.8   9.9   7.2   6.7   6.2   6.2  
Range (2.3–8.5) (7.1–16.9) (4.9–12.2) (3.9–14.2) (3.8–8.8) (4.3–11.5)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 12.6 (9.7–16.3) 18.0 (14.0–22.9) 15.9 (13.4–18.7) 8.6 (6.2–11.8) 12.4 (8.7–17.3) 11.5 (9.3–14.3)
Boston, MA 6.3 (4.7–8.5) 7.9 (6.1–10.2) 7.1 (5.9–8.6) 6.4 (4.6–8.7) 5.7 (4.1–7.9) 6.1 (4.9–7.6)
Broward County, FL 6.3 (4.5–8.8) 9.7 (7.6–12.3) 8.1 (6.5–10.1) 7.9 (5.9–10.5) 7.6 (5.8–10.0) 7.9 (6.4–9.6)
Cleveland, OH 10.8 (8.1–14.3) 11.6 (9.2–14.5) 12.0 (10.0–14.2)
DeKalb County, GA 10.3 (8.2–12.8) 9.5 (7.2–12.4) 9.9 (8.1–12.1)
Detroit, MI 15.9 (12.1–20.5) 18.9 (14.9–23.6) 17.5 (14.4–21.0) 11.5 (8.8–14.9) 11.2 (8.6–14.6) 11.5 (9.1–14.4)
District of Columbia 12.8 (11.9–13.6) 14.6 (13.5–15.7) 13.8 (13.1–14.5) 6.3 (5.7–7.0) 7.8 (7.1–8.7) 7.3 (6.8–7.8)
Duval County, FL 8.7 (7.0–10.9) 13.9 (11.4–16.8) 11.4 (9.7–13.5) 11.5 (9.5–13.9) 12.8 (10.2–15.9) 12.8 (10.7–15.1)
Ft. Worth, TX 7.2 (5.6–9.3) 11.6 (9.7–13.8) 9.4 (8.1–10.8) 7.2 (5.6–9.1) 6.8 (5.3–8.7) 7.0 (5.9–8.4)
Houston, TX 8.4 (6.8–10.4) 12.0 (10.2–14.2) 10.4 (8.9–12.0) 10.5 (8.9–12.4) 11.2 (9.5–13.2) 11.1 (9.8–12.6)
Los Angeles, CA 4.5 (2.9–7.0) 8.1 (5.7–11.5) 6.3 (4.6–8.7) 5.8 (3.8–8.7) 6.3 (4.2–9.4) 6.2 (4.5–8.4)
Miami-Dade County, FL 3.5 (2.6–4.8) 11.0 (8.9–13.6) 7.3 (6.1–8.8) 6.6 (5.2–8.4) 8.1 (6.4–10.1) 7.4 (6.1–8.9)
New York City, NY 5.7 (4.8–6.8) 5.9 (5.0–7.0) 6.0 (5.2–6.8)
Oakland, CA 5.4 (4.0–7.4) 8.7 (6.2–12.1) 7.3 (5.7–9.3) 8.8 (6.5–11.9) 8.4 (6.5–11.0) 9.0 (7.5–10.8)
Orange County, FL 5.3 (3.6–7.5) 11.3 (8.2–15.3) 8.2 (6.2–10.7) 10.1 (8.0–12.7) 8.4 (5.6–12.3) 9.3 (7.3–11.9)
Palm Beach County, FL 3.7 (2.7–5.1) 7.6 (5.9–9.9) 6.0 (4.9–7.4) 8.8 (6.9–11.1) 9.6 (7.6–12.0) 9.7 (8.0–11.6)
Philadelphia, PA 11.7 (8.5–15.8) 18.5 (15.4–22.1) 15.2 (12.4–18.5) 11.0 (9.1–13.2) 8.3 (5.7–12.0) 9.9 (7.9–12.4)
San Diego, CA 2.8 (2.0–3.9) 10.6 (8.7–12.9) 6.8 (5.6–8.1) 4.9 (3.7–6.4) 4.1 (2.8–6.1) 4.5 (3.5–5.6)
San Francisco, CA 3.8 (2.8–5.3) 7.1 (5.5–9.1) 5.7 (4.7–6.9)
Median 6.3   11.1   8.1   8.7   8.3   9.1  
Range (2.8–15.9) (7.1–18.9) (5.7–17.5) (4.9–11.5) (4.1–12.8) (4.5–12.8)

*One or more times during the 12 months before the survey.
On at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 17. Percentage of high school students who were electronically bullied,*, and who were bullied on school property, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Electronically bullied Bullied on school property
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 26.0 (24.0–28.1) 10.8 (8.8–13.3) 18.4 (16.8–20.0) 29.1 (26.5–31.8) 18.1 (16.3–20.0) 23.5 (21.7–25.3)
Black 11.9 (9.1–15.3) 5.6 (3.8–8.2) 8.6 (6.8–10.8) 15.1 (11.9–18.9) 11.2 (8.4–14.9) 13.2 (10.7–16.3)
Hispanic 16.7 (14.0–19.9) 8.1 (6.4–10.3) 12.4 (10.5–14.5) 19.3 (15.9–23.3) 13.7 (11.6–16.2) 16.5 (14.2–19.1)
Grade
9 22.7 (19.8–26.0) 11.0 (8.1–14.7) 16.5 (14.6–18.6) 29.0 (25.8–32.4) 18.3 (15.2–21.7) 23.4 (20.7–26.3)
10 23.2 (20.6–25.9) 9.9 (7.9–12.4) 16.6 (14.7–18.6) 25.5 (21.9–29.4) 16.1 (13.7–18.9) 20.8 (18.4–23.5)
11 21.4 (18.7–24.4) 8.4 (6.3–11.0) 14.7 (12.5–17.2) 24.2 (21.8–26.8) 16.4 (14.2–18.8) 20.3 (18.6–22.1)
12 19.5 (16.8–22.4) 9.2 (7.2–11.8) 14.3 (12.6–16.1) 19.8 (16.6–23.4) 12.1 (10.2–14.3) 15.9 (14.1–17.9)
Total 21.7 (20.1–23.4) 9.7 (8.4–11.1) 15.5 (14.5–16.6) 24.8 (22.8–26.9) 15.8 (14.5–17.2) 20.2 (18.8–21.7)

*Counting being bullied through e-mail, chat rooms, instant messaging, Web sites, or texting.
During the 12 months before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 18. Percentage of high school students who were electronically bullied,*, and who were bullied on school property, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Electronically bullied Bullied on school property
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 19.6 (16.7–22.8) 7.3 (5.7–9.2) 13.5 (11.7–15.5) 21.6 (17.9–25.8) 16.2 (13.5–19.4) 19.0 (16.8–21.5)
Alaska 22.9 (19.9–26.2) 12.6 (10.1–15.5) 17.7 (15.7–19.9) 26.5 (23.2–30.2) 19.5 (16.9–22.4) 22.8 (20.4–25.4)
Arizona
Arkansas 24.8 (21.5–28.4) 11.8 (8.5–16.3) 18.2 (15.8–20.9) 25.8 (21.7–30.4) 19.9 (16.3–24.1) 22.9 (20.3–25.7)
California 18.1 (13.9–23.3) 8.3 (5.6–12.2) 13.5 (10.0–18.0) 22.2 (18.6–26.2) 14.3 (11.6–17.5) 18.5 (15.3–22.2)
Connecticut 17.4 (15.4–19.6) 10.3 (8.6–12.4) 13.9 (12.3–15.6) 20.8 (17.6–24.3) 16.2 (13.9–18.7) 18.6 (16.9–20.5)
Delaware 16.0 (13.7–18.6) 7.3 (5.8–9.0) 11.7 (10.4–13.1) 18.6 (15.9–21.8) 13.6 (11.7–15.8) 16.4 (14.5–18.5)
Florida 15.2 (14.1–16.3) 7.9 (7.0–8.9) 11.6 (10.9–12.3) 17.4 (15.8–19.1) 12.5 (11.6–13.5) 15.0 (14.0–16.0)
Hawaii 17.5 (15.7–19.4) 11.5 (9.8–13.5) 14.7 (13.3–16.2) 19.9 (17.3–22.8) 17.0 (15.1–19.1) 18.6 (16.7–20.6)
Idaho 31.4 (28.1–34.8) 11.4 (9.1–14.1) 21.1 (18.8–23.6) 33.8 (30.7–37.1) 18.6 (16.0–21.4) 26.0 (23.9–28.2)
Illinois 18.7 (16.3–21.3) 11.8 (9.5–14.7) 15.3 (13.3–17.5) 19.8 (17.3–22.5) 19.4 (16.0–23.2) 19.6 (17.6–21.8)
Indiana 20.6 (17.4–24.1) 11.0 (8.7–13.7) 15.7 (14.0–17.7) 22.5 (18.8–26.7) 14.8 (11.8–18.3) 18.7 (16.1–21.5)
Kentucky 25.0 (21.1–29.5) 9.2 (7.1–11.9) 17.0 (14.5–19.9) 28.6 (25.5–32.0) 15.5 (12.4–19.2) 22.0 (19.4–25.0)
Maine 25.3 (23.4–27.3) 12.6 (11.8–13.6) 18.9 (17.7–20.1) 26.7 (24.8–28.7) 19.6 (18.3–20.9) 23.2 (21.9–24.5)
Maryland 17.2 (16.6–17.8) 10.2 (9.8–10.7) 13.8 (13.4–14.2) 19.8 (19.2–20.4) 15.5 (15.0–16.1) 17.7 (17.3–18.2)
Massachusetts 17.4 (15.2–19.9) 8.8 (7.3–10.5) 13.0 (11.5–14.6) 18.7 (16.2–21.4) 12.6 (10.6–14.9) 15.6 (14.0–17.4)
Michigan 25.0 (21.5–28.8) 12.8 (10.8–15.0) 18.8 (16.7–21.2) 28.4 (24.2–33.1) 22.6 (19.3–26.3) 25.6 (22.8–28.6)
Mississippi 20.3 (17.0–24.2) 10.3 (7.9–13.2) 15.5 (13.2–18.2) 24.8 (22.0–27.9) 13.7 (10.7–17.5) 19.5 (17.3–21.8)
Missouri 21.4 (18.0–25.1) 11.7 (9.8–14.0) 16.6 (14.3–19.3) 22.9 (18.6–27.8) 19.6 (16.5–23.2) 21.4 (18.1–25.1)
Montana 26.6 (24.5–28.8) 10.9 (9.4–12.6) 18.5 (17.2–19.8) 29.0 (26.9–31.1) 22.0 (19.7–24.6) 25.3 (23.4–27.4)
Nebraska 25.1 (21.1–29.4) 13.0 (10.4–16.2) 18.9 (16.5–21.5) 28.0 (23.7–32.8) 24.4 (21.6–27.5) 26.3 (23.8–28.9)
Nevada 20.8 (18.2–23.7) 8.2 (6.2–10.7) 14.6 (12.8–16.5) 20.4 (18.2–22.7) 16.7 (13.3–20.7) 18.6 (16.7–20.7)
New Hampshire 26.0 (24.6–27.5) 11.3 (10.2–12.5) 18.6 (17.7–19.4) 27.3 (25.7–29.0) 16.8 (15.7–17.9) 22.1 (21.2–23.0)
New Mexico 17.4 (15.8–19.2) 9.9 (8.8–11.1) 13.7 (12.6–14.8) 20.5 (18.8–22.4) 16.3 (15.2–17.6) 18.4 (17.2–19.7)
New York 19.8 (17.5–22.4) 11.5 (9.7–13.6) 15.7 (14.3–17.3) 23.4 (21.0–26.0) 17.8 (15.8–19.9) 20.6 (19.1–22.3)
North Carolina 16.2 (12.1–21.5) 7.9 (5.8–10.8) 12.1 (9.5–15.3) 16.8 (13.6–20.7) 14.0 (10.0–19.2) 15.6 (12.6–19.2)
North Dakota 22.9 (20.3–25.7) 9.3 (7.7–11.3) 15.9 (14.4–17.5) 29.3 (25.9–33.1) 19.0 (16.3–21.9) 24.0 (21.9–26.3)
Oklahoma 20.8 (17.2–24.9) 8.1 (6.2–10.5) 14.5 (12.3–17.0) 26.0 (22.4–30.0) 14.7 (11.7–18.4) 20.4 (17.6–23.5)
Pennsylvania 20.1 (16.6–24.0) 8.7 (7.2–10.3) 14.3 (12.4–16.4) 24.0 (20.7–27.6) 15.9 (13.6–18.5) 19.9 (17.7–22.2)
Rhode Island 15.3 (12.4–18.7) 9.5 (7.4–12.2) 12.4 (10.3–14.8) 16.0 (13.0–19.7) 15.0 (12.5–17.9) 15.5 (13.6–17.6)
South Carolina 20.4 (15.7–26.1) 8.0 (5.7–11.0) 14.1 (11.4–17.3) 25.0 (22.3–28.0) 14.5 (11.2–18.6) 19.7 (17.1–22.6)
South Dakota 26.6 (21.6–32.4) 10.5 (7.8–13.9) 18.4 (15.3–21.9) 24.9 (18.9–32.1) 18.5 (14.2–23.6) 21.6 (17.1–27.0)
Tennessee 21.7 (19.6–23.9) 9.3 (8.3–10.5) 15.3 (14.2–16.5) 29.4 (26.8–32.1) 19.2 (17.7–20.8) 24.1 (22.7–25.6)
Vermont 23.2 (22.4–24.0) 9.9 (9.4–10.5) 16.5 (16.0–17.0)
Virginia 18.8 (16.5–21.4) 9.0 (7.8–10.4) 13.8 (12.5–15.1) 23.3 (20.4–26.3) 15.9 (13.7–18.5) 19.5 (17.6–21.6)
West Virginia 27.6 (22.9–32.9) 13.1 (10.5–16.3) 20.2 (17.0–23.8) 30.1 (26.9–33.4) 19.0 (16.3–22.0) 24.4 (22.0–27.0)
Wyoming 23.2 (19.8–27.0) 11.9 (9.6–14.7) 17.5 (15.7–19.5) 28.8 (25.4–32.5) 18.7 (16.3–21.4) 23.7 (21.7–25.9)
Median 20.7   10.2   15.4   24.0   16.7   19.9  
Range (15.2–31.4) (7.3–13.1) (11.6–21.1) (16.0–33.8) (12.5–24.4) (15.0–26.3)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 10.3 (7.9–13.4) 8.2 (6.0–11.0) 9.6 (7.8–11.7) 11.5 (8.2–15.7) 11.6 (8.6–15.5) 11.9 (9.7–14.6)
Boston, MA 10.0 (7.9–12.7) 5.9 (4.5–7.8) 8.1 (6.7–9.6) 14.0 (11.6–16.8) 9.3 (7.4–11.7) 11.8 (10.2–13.5)
Broward County, FL 15.8 (12.9–19.3) 9.1 (6.7–12.2) 12.5 (10.3–15.1) 19.5 (17.0–22.3) 12.4 (9.7–15.7) 15.9 (14.0–18.1)
Cleveland, OH 17.7 (14.5–21.5) 9.3 (7.2–12.0) 13.8 (11.8–16.0) 18.6 (15.4–22.4) 13.0 (10.5–15.9) 16.1 (14.0–18.4)
DeKalb County, GA 10.6 (8.9–12.7) 6.6 (4.8–9.1) 8.8 (7.4–10.3) 15.2 (12.8–18.0) 13.0 (10.5–15.9) 14.1 (12.1–16.4)
Detroit, MI 19.4 (15.2–24.5) 12.6 (9.6–16.4) 16.3 (13.0–20.3) 17.9 (13.6–23.3) 16.1 (12.5–20.4) 17.3 (13.7–21.6)
District of Columbia 9.2 (8.4–10.0) 6.2 (5.6–7.0) 7.9 (7.3–8.4) 13.1 (12.2–14.0) 10.8 (9.9–11.8) 12.1 (11.4–12.8)
Duval County, FL 18.7 (16.3–21.4) 11.6 (9.2–14.5) 15.4 (13.3–17.8) 23.5 (20.8–26.5) 16.3 (13.3–19.8) 20.2 (17.8–22.9)
Ft. Worth, TX 12.1 (10.1–14.3) 5.6 (4.5–7.0) 8.8 (7.6–10.1) 14.6 (12.5–16.9) 11.2 (9.2–13.5) 12.9 (11.4–14.5)
Houston, TX 13.5 (11.9–15.2) 9.0 (7.6–10.6) 11.2 (10.2–12.4) 14.5 (12.7–16.5) 11.7 (9.8–13.8) 13.1 (11.8–14.4)
Los Angeles, CA 11.7 (9.3–14.6) 6.9 (4.8–9.9) 9.3 (7.6–11.5) 16.3 (13.2–19.8) 12.6 (10.5–15.0) 14.6 (12.8–16.5)
Miami-Dade County, FL 11.6 (9.4–14.2) 7.8 (6.2–9.7) 9.8 (8.4–11.5) 11.9 (9.9–14.2) 10.5 (8.4–12.9) 11.3 (9.9–12.7)
New York City, NY 15.2 (13.6–16.9) 8.9 (7.9–10.1) 12.1 (11.1–13.0) 17.9 (15.7–20.4) 11.7 (10.4–13.1) 14.8 (13.3–16.5)
Oakland, CA 12.0 (9.7–14.8) 9.5 (7.2–12.4) 10.6 (9.1–12.4) 17.9 (14.4–22.1) 16.0 (12.6–20.2) 16.9 (14.4–19.7)
Orange County, FL 15.8 (13.1–18.8) 7.9 (5.3–11.7) 11.8 (10.1–13.9) 18.7 (15.4–22.5) 12.8 (10.2–15.9) 15.7 (13.4–18.4)
Palm Beach County, FL 17.1 (14.8–19.6) 10.2 (8.2–12.5) 13.5 (11.9–15.3) 19.1 (16.4–22.1) 14.7 (12.3–17.4) 16.9 (15.2–18.8)
Philadelphia, PA 11.0 (8.3–14.5) 8.1 (5.9–11.0) 9.6 (7.6–12.0) 15.2 (11.3–20.3) 12.6 (9.8–16.0) 13.9 (11.2–17.2)
San Diego, CA 17.4 (15.0–20.0) 10.7 (8.8–13.0) 14.0 (12.5–15.8) 19.2 (16.5–22.2) 14.3 (11.9–17.0) 16.7 (14.9–18.6)
San Francisco, CA 12.8 (10.3–15.7) 9.2 (7.3–11.6) 11.2 (9.4–13.2) 13.9 (11.3–16.9) 12.3 (9.8–15.2) 13.3 (11.3–15.4)
Median 12.8   8.9   11.2   16.3   12.6   14.6  
Range (9.2–19.4) (5.6–12.6) (7.9–16.3) (11.5–23.5) (9.3–16.3) (11.3–20.2)

*Counting being bullied through e-mail, chat rooms, instant messaging, Web sites, or texting.
During the 12 months before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 19. Percentage of high school students who were ever physically forced to have sexual intercourse,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity            
White§ 9.9 (7.4–13.0) 2.0 (1.4–2.8) 6.0 (4.7–7.5)
Black§ 10.3 (7.4–14.1) 4.4 (2.7–6.9) 7.3 (5.6–9.6)
Hispanic 10.1 (8.0–12.7) 4.0 (2.8–5.7) 7.0 (5.6–8.6)
Grade
9 9.4 (7.3–12.1) 2.1 (1.4–3.1) 5.6 (4.4–7.1)
10 7.9 (5.7–10.7) 3.9 (2.7–5.5) 5.9 (4.5–7.7)
11 12.0 (9.3–15.4) 2.8 (1.9–4.1) 7.6 (6.0–9.5)
12 11.9 (9.3–15.1) 3.5 (2.4–5.1) 7.6 (6.4–9.1)
Total 10.3 (8.4–12.6) 3.1 (2.5–4.0) 6.7 (5.6–8.0)

*When they did not want to.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 20. Percentage of high school students who were ever physically forced to have sexual intercourse,* by sex— selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
State surveys            
Alabama 12.9 (9.7–16.8) 7.8 (5.8–10.5) 10.4 (8.4–12.7)
Alaska 11.3 (9.0–14.0) 4.0 (2.7–5.9) 7.5 (6.0–9.4)
Arizona 11.9 (8.8–15.8) 6.0 (4.3–8.4) 9.0 (7.1–11.3)
Arkansas 16.4 (12.5–21.2) 7.1 (4.9–10.1) 11.7 (9.4–14.4)
California 7.8 (4.4–13.2) 4.3 (3.0–6.1) 6.0 (4.2–8.3)
Connecticut 9.3 (7.2–12.0) 6.2 (4.7–8.2) 7.8 (6.4–9.4)
Delaware 8.6 (6.6–11.1) 4.4 (3.0–6.3) 6.6 (5.2–8.3)
Florida 8.3 (7.3–9.5) 4.2 (3.5–5.1) 6.4 (5.8–7.1)
Hawaii 10.9 (9.3–12.8) 6.5 (5.3–7.8) 8.8 (7.9–9.8)
Idaho 9.0 (6.9–11.7) 4.4 (3.0–6.4) 6.7 (5.5–8.2)
Illinois 11.5 (8.7–15.1) 6.4 (4.7–8.8) 8.9 (6.8–11.6)
Indiana 13.4 (10.2–17.3) 6.4 (4.5–9.2) 10.0 (8.0–12.4)
Kentucky 14.1 (11.2–17.5) 6.5 (5.0–8.5) 10.3 (8.9–11.9)
Maine 10.0 (8.9–11.3) 4.2 (3.5–5.0) 7.1 (6.4–7.9)
Maryland 9.9 (9.4–10.4) 6.2 (5.8–6.7) 8.1 (7.8–8.5)
Massachusetts 7.6 (6.0–9.6) 3.3 (2.3–4.8) 5.5 (4.4–6.8)
Michigan 12.2 (10.3–14.3) 4.4 (3.3–5.9) 8.3 (7.3–9.6)
Mississippi 13.9 (11.5–16.8) 8.7 (6.3–11.9) 11.4 (9.4–13.6)
Missouri 11.9 (9.3–15.0) 4.7 (3.1–6.9) 8.4 (6.8–10.3)
Montana 12.7 (11.3–14.4) 5.0 (4.1–6.1) 8.7 (7.9–9.7)
Nebraska 11.4 (9.0–14.3) 5.4 (3.8–7.5) 8.3 (6.8–10.0)
Nevada 11.1 (8.0–15.2) 5.6 (4.5–6.8) 8.4 (6.8–10.4)
New Hampshire 9.8 (8.6–11.0) 3.0 (2.5–3.6) 6.3 (5.7–7.0)
New Mexico 10.6 (9.4–12.0) 4.1 (3.5–4.8) 7.3 (6.5–8.1)
New York §
North Carolina 8.8 (5.9–12.9) 4.4 (2.8–6.9) 6.6 (5.2–8.5)
North Dakota 9.8 (7.8–12.2) 3.0 (2.0–4.5) 6.3 (5.2–7.7)
Oklahoma 10.1 (8.1–12.5) 3.2 (2.1–5.0) 6.7 (5.4–8.2)
Pennsylvania 9.5 (7.5–11.9) 3.4 (2.3–5.0) 6.4 (5.1–8.0)
Rhode Island 9.8 (8.0–11.8) 6.4 (5.3–7.6) 8.1 (6.9–9.4)
South Carolina 8.4 (5.3–12.9) 6.0 (4.0–8.9) 7.2 (5.3–9.7)
South Dakota 6.1 (3.7–9.8) 4.2 (2.1–8.0) 5.1 (3.2–8.0)
Tennessee
Vermont 10.2 (9.6–10.8) 3.1 (2.7–3.4) 6.6 (6.3–7.0)
Virginia
West Virginia 12.7 (9.5–16.7) 7.5 (5.2–10.7) 10.0 (7.8–12.8)
Wyoming 13.2 (10.2–16.9) 6.8 (5.2–8.7) 10.1 (8.2–12.5)
Median 10.4   4.8   7.9  
Range (6.1–16.4) (3.0–8.7) (5.1–11.7)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 9.9 (8.1–12.1) 10.7 (7.9–14.3) 10.6 (8.7–12.9)
Boston, MA 8.9 (7.0–11.2) 6.1 (4.6–8.2) 7.6 (6.1–9.3)
Broward County, FL 9.9 (7.8–12.6) 7.7 (5.5–10.8) 8.9 (7.3–10.9)
Cleveland, OH 14.8 (11.3–19.1) 8.5 (5.7–12.5) 12.0 (9.3–15.4)
DeKalb County, GA 13.1 (10.8–15.8) 10.6 (8.2–13.5) 11.9 (10.0–13.9)
Detroit, MI 11.4 (9.3–14.0) 9.5 (7.5–12.1) 10.6 (9.1–12.4)
District of Columbia 9.7 (8.9–10.6) 6.3 (5.6–7.1) 8.2 (7.6–8.7)
Duval County, FL 14.3 (12.6–16.2) 10.2 (8.3–12.4) 12.6 (11.2–14.3)
Ft. Worth, TX 7.5 (6.0–9.3) 3.5 (2.5–4.7) 5.5 (4.6–6.6)
Houston, TX 11.0 (9.3–12.9) 8.3 (7.0–9.7) 9.6 (8.5–10.8)
Los Angeles, CA 6.8 (5.4–8.7) 6.0 (4.5–8.1) 6.5 (5.2–8.1)
Miami-Dade County, FL 7.1 (5.5–9.1) 4.7 (3.5–6.4) 6.0 (5.0–7.2)
New York City, NY
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 8.4 (6.2–11.3) 4.4 (2.7–7.0) 6.4 (5.1–7.9)
Palm Beach County, FL 11.8 (9.7–14.3) 8.6 (6.8–10.9) 10.5 (8.8–12.5)
Philadelphia, PA 11.2 (8.8–14.0) 4.9 (3.5–6.8) 8.0 (6.4–10.0)
San Diego, CA 8.8 (7.0–11.0) 5.9 (4.6–7.5) 7.4 (6.3–8.6)
San Francisco, CA 9.2 (7.2–11.6) 5.7 (4.3–7.7) 7.6 (6.2–9.4)
Median 9.9   6.3   8.2  
Range (6.8–14.8) (3.5–10.7) (5.5–12.6)

*When they did not want to.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 21. Percentage of high school students who experienced physical dating violence*, and sexual dating violence,*,§ by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Physical dating violence Sexual dating violence
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White** 11.9 (9.2–15.2) 5.9 (4.8–7.2) 9.0 (7.5–10.7) 16.6 (13.8–19.7) 3.5 (2.8–4.4) 10.1 (8.7–11.7)
Black** 12.2 (9.1–16.2) 9.0 (6.0–13.4) 10.5 (8.4–13.0) 11.7 (8.0–16.8) 8.0 (4.7–13.1) 10.0 (7.0–14.0)
Hispanic 11.4 (9.2–14.1) 8.0 (6.2–10.2) 9.7 (8.0–11.7) 14.2 (11.3–17.6) 7.0 (5.6–8.8) 10.6 (8.8–12.6)
Grade
9 11.1 (8.3–14.7) 5.3 (3.5–7.9) 8.1 (6.8–9.5) 17.6 (14.0–21.9) 4.5 (3.4–6.1) 10.8 (9.0–12.9)
10 10.9 (8.7–13.6) 8.2 (6.3–10.7) 9.6 (8.0–11.5) 15.8 (13.0–19.0) 7.4 (5.4–10.0) 11.8 (10.0–13.8)
11 11.6 (9.0–14.7) 7.9 (6.6–9.5) 10.1 (8.6–11.8) 14.9 (12.1–18.2) 5.1 (3.1–8.4) 10.3 (8.3–12.7)
12 12.9 (9.9–16.5) 8.2 (6.4–10.6) 10.5 (8.6–12.7) 13.9 (11.3–17.0) 4.6 (3.1–6.7) 9.2 (7.8–10.8)
Total 11.7 (9.9–13.8) 7.4 (6.5–8.5) 9.6 (8.8–10.6) 15.6 (13.7–17.6) 5.4 (4.4–6.7) 10.6 (9.5–11.7)

*One or more times during the 12 months before the survey.
Among the 68.6% of students nationwide who dated or went out with someone during the 12 months before the survey, being physically hurt on purpose (counting being hit, slammed into something, or injured with an object or weapon) by someone they were dating or going out with.
§Among the 69.1% of students nationwide who dated or went out with someone during the 12 months before the survey, being forced to do sexual things (counting kissing, touching, or being physical forced to have sexual intercourse) they did not want to do by someone they were dating or going out with.
95% confidence interval.
**Non-Hispanic.
Note: The prevalence of dating or going out with someone during the 12 months before the survey varies slightly for physical dating violence and sexual dating violence because of differences in the number of usable responses to each question.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 22. Percentage of high school students who experienced physical dating violence*,† and sexual dating violence,*,§ by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Physical dating violence Sexual dating violence
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 13.9 (11.8–16.4) 8.4 (5.7–12.0) 11.4 (9.0–14.4) 13.4 (11.2–16.0) 6.1 (4.2–8.7) 10.0 (8.7–11.5)
Alaska 10.5 (7.3–14.9) 8.2 (5.6–11.8) 9.5 (7.5–12.1) 14.9 (11.3–19.3) 5.2 (3.1–8.7) 10.1 (7.7–13.2)
Arizona **
Arkansas 18.2 (15.1–21.9) 10.5 (7.2–15.1) 14.6 (13.5–15.8) 16.0 (13.7–18.6) 7.1 (4.2–11.7) 11.8 (9.7–14.3)
California 11.7 (9.0–15.1) 7.4 (4.4–12.2) 9.7 (7.5–12.5) 18.1 (14.1–22.9) 5.3 (3.0–9.3) 11.8 (8.9–15.6)
Connecticut 8.7 (6.7–11.2) 6.8 (4.9–9.4) 8.0 (6.7–9.5) 16.4 (12.6–21.0) 6.4 (4.4–9.2) 11.5 (9.2–14.3)
Delaware 9.8 (7.8–12.3) 7.2 (5.2–9.8) 8.6 (7.1–10.4) 9.8 (7.8–12.2) 5.7 (3.8–8.5) 7.9 (6.5–9.4)
Florida 11.2 (9.5–13.1) 10.5 (9.0–12.3) 11.0 (9.8–12.2) 13.8 (12.4–15.4) 8.5 (7.2–10.0) 11.3 (10.5–12.3)
Hawaii 10.7 (8.2–13.7) 8.1 (6.6–10.0) 9.8 (8.0–11.9) 15.4 (12.7–18.5) 8.9 (7.2–10.9) 12.7 (11.0–14.6)
Idaho 12.6 (9.0–17.4) 5.1 (3.4–7.5) 8.9 (6.6–11.9) 21.6 (18.3–25.3) 3.2 (1.7–5.9) 12.4 (10.3–14.8)
Illinois 12.7 (10.3–15.4) 9.7 (6.4–14.4) 11.3 (9.6–13.2) 15.0 (12.7–17.7) 6.9 (4.6–10.3) 11.1 (9.5–12.8)
Indiana 11.9 (9.0–15.6) 7.7 (5.0–11.7) 10.0 (8.4–11.9) 16.4 (13.1–20.4) 8.6 (6.1–12.0) 12.6 (10.6–15.0)
Kentucky 12.1 (8.7–16.6) 5.3 (3.7–7.4) 8.9 (6.8–11.6) 13.8 (10.9–17.2) 6.1 (4.4–8.4) 10.1 (8.3–12.3)
Maine 9.9 (8.9–11.0) 6.4 (5.3–7.7) 8.3 (7.4–9.2)
Maryland 11.2 (10.6–11.9) 8.5 (7.9–9.1) 10.1 (9.7–10.6) 13.1 (12.4–13.7) 6.9 (6.4–7.5) 10.3 (9.8–10.7)
Massachusetts 9.3 (7.3–11.8) 4.1 (2.7–6.3) 6.7 (5.1–8.6) 11.2 (8.9–14.0) 3.7 (2.5–5.7) 7.5 (6.2–9.0)
Michigan 9.2 (7.1–11.9) 6.8 (4.4–10.3) 8.2 (6.7–10.0) 17.5 (14.9–20.5) 5.9 (3.9–8.9) 11.9 (10.3–13.6)
Mississippi 12.3 (9.0–16.6) 8.2 (5.5–12.1) 10.6 (8.7–12.9) 14.8 (11.8–18.4) 7.7 (5.4–10.8) 11.4 (9.5–13.6)
Missouri 10.2 (8.1–12.6) 12.9 (8.8–18.7) 11.7 (8.9–15.3)
Montana 10.8 (9.3–12.7) 5.5 (4.3–7.1) 8.2 (7.3–9.3) 14.4 (12.4–16.8) 5.6 (4.3–7.2) 10.0 (8.8–11.4)
Nebraska 11.7 (8.5–16.0) 3.7 (2.1–6.4) 8.1 (6.0–10.8) 13.8 (10.6–17.8) 3.2 (1.7–5.8) 8.8 (7.0–11.1)
Nevada 10.5 (7.9–13.9) 8.8 (6.1–12.5) 9.6 (8.0–11.6) 14.4 (11.7–17.7) 8.5 (5.3–13.2) 11.5 (9.1–14.5)
New Hampshire 9.5 (8.4–10.7) 6.1 (5.2–7.2) 7.8 (7.1–8.7) 17.3 (15.5–19.2) 6.0 (5.1–7.1) 11.7 (10.7–12.7)
New Mexico 9.6 (8.5–10.9) 7.6 (6.4–8.9) 8.6 (7.7–9.6) 12.7 (11.1–14.4) 5.8 (4.8–6.9) 9.2 (8.2–10.3)
New York 11.9 (9.9–14.4) 10.3 (8.0–13.2) 11.5 (9.7–13.6) 16.6 (13.7–20.1) 11.9 (9.5–14.8) 14.7 (12.7–17.0)
North Carolina 9.2 (6.1–13.6) 7.3 (5.4–9.9) 8.3 (6.4–10.7) 11.1 (8.3–14.8) 4.4 (2.8–6.8) 7.8 (6.1–10.0)
North Dakota 9.6 (7.4–12.4) 5.6 (4.0–7.9) 7.6 (6.2–9.2)
Oklahoma 8.9 (7.2–10.9) 5.3 (3.0–9.1) 7.2 (5.7–9.0) 13.1 (10.5–16.3) 3.9 (2.3–6.7) 8.6 (7.0–10.5)
Pennsylvania 9.4 (7.3–12.0) 5.0 (3.3–7.5) 7.2 (5.7–9.1) 14.2 (11.5–17.3) 4.3 (2.8–6.6) 9.3 (7.7–11.2)
Rhode Island 9.5 (7.8–11.4) 7.9 (6.0–10.3) 8.8 (7.5–10.2) 12.8 (10.5–15.6) 5.9 (3.8–8.8) 9.6 (8.4–10.9)
South Carolina 8.4 (5.9–11.7) 7.7 (5.1–11.3) 8.0 (6.0–10.6) 9.8 (6.2–15.2) 5.3 (3.5–7.9) 7.6 (5.0–11.4)
South Dakota 9.8 (7.0–13.7) 7.8 (4.2–14.2) 8.8 (6.2–12.4) 10.1 (7.0–14.4) 6.2 (3.1–12.2) 8.1 (5.5–12.0)
Tennessee 12.9 (11.1–15.0) 9.5 (7.5–12.1) 11.2 (9.8–12.8)
Vermont 10.7 (10.0–11.5) 7.2 (6.6–7.9) 9.1 (8.6–9.6)
Virginia 12.3 (9.8–15.2) 9.5 (7.4–12.1) 10.9 (9.1–12.9)
West Virginia 11.2 (8.5–14.6) 8.7 (6.0–12.4) 10.1 (8.2–12.3) 11.7 (9.3–14.6) 6.1 (4.3–8.6) 9.0 (7.5–10.9)
Wyoming 9.9 (7.8–12.6) 8.1 (5.6–11.6) 9.1 (7.2–11.4) 10.7 (8.8–13.0) 5.1 (3.6–7.2) 8.0 (6.8–9.5)
Median 10.6   7.7   9.0   14.0   5.9   10.1  
Range (8.4–18.2) (3.7–12.9) (6.7–14.6) (9.8–21.6) (3.2–11.9) (7.5–14.7)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 10.0 (7.8–12.8) 12.1 (8.3–17.4) 11.8 (9.6–14.3) 11.5 (8.3–15.6) 12.1 (8.5–17.0) 12.1 (9.6–15.0)
Boston, MA 7.0 (5.0–9.9) 5.5 (3.6–8.4) 6.4 (4.8–8.4) 8.3 (6.1–11.4) 5.1 (3.2–8.0) 6.8 (5.0–9.1)
Broward County, FL 10.6 (7.8–14.2) 7.5 (5.0–11.1) 9.2 (7.3–11.5) 14.4 (10.8–19.0) 6.6 (4.6–9.3) 10.5 (8.6–12.8)
Cleveland, OH 11.6 (9.1–14.8) 12.5 (9.8–15.7) 12.7 (10.8–15.0) 8.3 (6.5–10.6) 11.9 (9.1–15.3) 10.7 (9.0–12.6)
DeKalb County, GA 11.1 (8.5–14.5) 7.7 (5.4–10.9) 9.4 (7.6–11.5) 10.3 (7.8–13.5) 7.9 (5.5–11.2) 9.1 (7.3–11.3)
Detroit, MI 12.2 (9.4–15.6) 8.6 (6.2–11.8) 10.8 (8.6–13.6) 8.2 (5.9–11.4) 9.0 (6.5–12.4) 8.8 (7.0–11.0)
District of Columbia 11.8 (10.7–12.9) 8.4 (7.4–9.5) 10.3 (9.6–11.1) 8.3 (7.4–9.2) 6.5 (5.7–7.5) 7.7 (7.1–8.4)
Duval County, FL 12.3 (10.3–14.7) 11.3 (9.1–14.0) 12.4 (10.8–14.1) 17.3 (14.9–19.9) 10.0 (8.0–12.4) 14.4 (12.8–16.2)
Ft. Worth, TX 10.4 (8.4–12.9) 6.2 (4.7–8.2) 8.3 (6.9–10.0) 10.0 (8.1–12.3) 7.1 (5.3–9.6) 8.6 (7.3–10.1)
Houston, TX 11.7 (9.6–14.2) 8.1 (6.4–10.3) 10.1 (8.8–11.7) 11.1 (9.1–13.4) 5.9 (4.6–7.5) 8.8 (7.6–10.1)
Los Angeles, CA 6.6 (4.9–8.9) 7.5 (5.6–10.0) 7.2 (6.0–8.6) 10.8 (7.7–15.0) 6.3 (4.9–8.0) 8.6 (6.6–11.0)
Miami-Dade County, FL 7.6 (5.6–10.3) 7.0 (5.5–8.9) 7.4 (6.0–9.2) 9.5 (7.4–12.2) 6.8 (4.9–9.4) 8.2 (6.8–10.0)
New York City, NY 12.5 (11.2–13.9) 11.1 (9.1–13.5) 12.0 (10.7–13.5) 13.6 (11.8–15.6) 8.6 (7.1–10.4) 11.4 (10.4–12.6)
Oakland, CA 13.4 (9.9–17.9) 9.7 (6.8–13.7) 11.6 (8.9–14.8) 12.4 (9.1–16.6) 8.7 (5.9–12.7) 10.8 (8.6–13.5)
Orange County, FL 8.9 (6.5–12.0) 9.0 (5.2–15.0) 9.0 (6.6–12.1) 16.3 (12.8–20.6) 6.9 (3.9–11.8) 11.4 (9.0–14.4)
Palm Beach County, FL 10.8 (8.8–13.1) 8.5 (6.4–11.1) 10.2 (8.5–12.3) 13.1 (10.6–16.1) 8.7 (6.6–11.3) 11.6 (9.6–13.8)
Philadelphia, PA 13.6 (9.9–18.5) 7.7 (5.2–11.2) 10.8 (8.1–14.2) 14.4 (10.5–19.5) 6.4 (3.9–10.4) 10.6 (8.3–13.4)
San Diego, CA 9.1 (6.7–12.4) 6.4 (4.7–8.8) 7.8 (6.2–9.7) 16.0 (12.3–20.4) 5.9 (4.4–7.9) 10.7 (8.7–13.3)
San Francisco, CA 7.5 (4.8–11.5) 5.6 (3.4–9.1) 6.6 (4.8–8.9) 12.1 (8.7–16.5) 4.7 (3.0–7.2) 8.3 (6.3–10.8)
Median 10.8   8.1   10.1   11.5   6.9   10.5  
Range (6.6–13.6) (5.5–12.5) (6.4–12.7) (8.2–17.3) (4.7–12.1) (6.8–14.4)

*One or more times during the 12 months before the survey, among students who dated or went out with someone during the 12 months before the survey.
Being physically hurt on purpose (counting being hit, slammed into something, or injured with an object or weapon) by someone they were dating or going out with.
§Being forced to do sexual things (counting kissing, touching, or being physical forced to have sexual intercourse) they did not want to do by someone they were dating or going out with.
95% confidence interval.
**Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 23. Percentage of high school students who felt sad or hopeless,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity            
White§ 37.9 (32.5–43.6) 19.2 (17.2–21.5) 28.6 (25.8–31.5)
Black§ 33.9 (28.5–39.8) 17.6 (13.7–22.4) 25.2 (21.7–29.1)
Hispanic 46.7 (42.6–50.9) 24.3 (21.6–27.2) 35.3 (32.3–38.4)
Grade
9 41.5 (37.7–45.4) 16.7 (14.5–19.1) 28.4 (25.9–31.0)
10 40.1 (35.1–45.4) 19.2 (16.1–22.8) 29.8 (26.6–33.1)
11 40.9 (37.3–44.7) 22.1 (19.1–25.4) 31.4 (28.3–34.8)
12 36.3 (32.3–40.5) 23.9 (21.2–26.8) 30.0 (27.5–32.6)
Total 39.8 (36.5–43.2) 20.3 (18.9–21.8) 29.9 (28.0–31.8)

*Almost every day for ≥2 weeks in a row so that they stopped doing some usual activities during the 12 months before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 24. Percentage of high school students who felt sad or hopeless,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
State surveys            
Alabama 38.1 (33.8–42.7) 20.5 (17.6–23.8) 29.3 (26.2–32.7)
Alaska 42.7 (37.4–48.2) 25.0 (21.6–28.8) 33.6 (30.1–37.4)
Arizona 44.0 (40.0–48.0) 24.6 (20.8–28.8) 34.2 (30.7–37.8)
Arkansas 38.1 (35.3–40.9) 23.4 (18.4–29.3) 30.7 (27.6–33.9)
California 38.8 (35.4–42.3) 20.9 (19.1–22.9) 29.7 (26.9–32.8)
Connecticut 34.7 (30.9–38.7) 18.5 (15.9–21.6) 26.6 (23.9–29.5)
Delaware 32.5 (29.3–35.8) 15.3 (13.2–17.7) 24.2 (22.1–26.5)
Florida 35.4 (33.2–37.6) 17.3 (15.6–19.1) 26.4 (25.0–27.9)
Hawaii 36.2 (33.5–39.0) 22.4 (20.4–24.6) 29.5 (27.7–31.4)
Idaho 42.7 (39.0–46.5) 21.2 (18.3–24.5) 31.6 (29.1–34.3)
Illinois 36.8 (32.6–41.3) 21.7 (18.2–25.7) 29.3 (26.1–32.7)
Indiana 39.2 (33.6–45.0) 19.8 (17.5–22.3) 29.3 (27.0–31.9)
Kentucky 42.5 (37.2–48.0) 20.5 (17.5–24.0) 31.3 (28.0–34.9)
Maine 35.5 (33.5–37.5) 17.8 (16.6–19.0) 26.4 (25.3–27.6)
Maryland 35.0 (34.2–35.9) 18.7 (18.1–19.3) 26.8 (26.3–27.4)
Massachusetts 34.8 (32.1–37.7) 19.9 (17.5–22.6) 27.4 (25.5–29.4)
Michigan 40.7 (35.6–46.0) 22.7 (20.0–25.5) 31.7 (28.6–34.9)
Mississippi 38.3 (35.2–41.6) 20.1 (16.4–24.5) 29.5 (26.5–32.6)
Missouri 31.3 (26.2–36.9) 23.6 (19.4–28.5) 27.5 (23.6–31.8)
Montana 38.8 (36.2–41.4) 20.4 (18.7–22.3) 29.3 (27.7–30.9)
Nebraska 31.4 (26.7–36.6) 17.1 (14.1–20.5) 24.1 (21.2–27.3)
Nevada 44.2 (38.7–49.9) 21.6 (19.3–24.1) 32.7 (30.0–35.6)
New Hampshire 36.9 (34.8–39.0) 17.9 (16.7–19.2) 27.2 (26.2–28.3)
New Mexico 42.3 (39.9–44.7) 23.0 (21.2–24.9) 32.5 (30.8–34.3)
New York 36.0 (33.4–38.7) 21.0 (18.7–23.5) 28.6 (26.1–31.2)
North Carolina 35.2 (30.3–40.5) 17.5 (14.7–20.7) 26.4 (23.5–29.4)
North Dakota 35.2 (32.1–38.4) 19.6 (17.1–22.4) 27.2 (25.1–29.4)
Oklahoma 37.9 (33.3–42.8) 19.7 (17.0–22.8) 28.9 (25.8–32.1)
Pennsylvania 36.7 (33.1–40.5) 19.2 (16.8–21.7) 27.8 (25.3–30.5)
Rhode Island 35.8 (33.9–37.8) 17.2 (14.8–20.0) 26.4 (24.3–28.5)
South Carolina 39.6 (33.7–45.7) 20.4 (17.5–23.7) 29.9 (26.1–33.9)
South Dakota 34.7 (27.6–42.4) 16.5 (12.6–21.3) 25.4 (21.0–30.4)
Tennessee 38.0 (34.6–41.5) 18.5 (16.8–20.3) 28.0 (26.0–30.1)
Vermont 33.5 (32.6–34.5) 15.4 (14.7–16.1) 24.4 (23.8–25.0)
Virginia 37.1 (34.5–39.7) 17.3 (15.3–19.5) 26.9 (25.1–28.8)
West Virginia 43.8 (38.8–49.0) 22.4 (18.5–26.8) 32.9 (29.5–36.4)
Wyoming 39.1 (35.3–42.9) 22.8 (19.9–25.9) 30.8 (28.3–33.4)
Median 37.1   20.1   28.9  
Range (31.3–44.2) (15.3–25.0) (24.1–34.2)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 36.5 (31.9–41.4) 23.0 (17.8–29.2) 29.8 (26.6–33.2)
Boston, MA 32.6 (29.4–36.0) 20.7 (17.8–23.9) 26.7 (24.6–28.8)
Broward County, FL 38.2 (34.1–42.4) 22.2 (18.9–26.0) 30.0 (27.0–33.2)
Cleveland, OH 47.0 (43.4–50.6) 25.1 (21.9–28.5) 36.0 (33.3–38.9)
DeKalb County, GA 34.1 (31.1–37.3) 21.0 (18.4–24.0) 27.5 (25.3–29.9)
Detroit, MI 37.7 (34.0–41.5) 21.7 (18.2–25.6) 30.6 (27.8–33.5)
District of Columbia 33.5 (32.2–34.8) 19.7 (18.6–21.0) 27.0 (26.0–27.9)
Duval County, FL 39.9 (37.4–42.5) 22.2 (19.8–24.9) 31.4 (29.5–33.4)
Ft. Worth, TX 40.2 (37.3–43.2) 17.7 (15.8–19.9) 29.0 (27.2–30.9)
Houston, TX 37.4 (34.8–40.0) 23.8 (21.9–25.7) 30.3 (28.8–32.0)
Los Angeles, CA 37.1 (33.4–40.8) 23.3 (20.7–26.3) 30.4 (27.8–33.1)
Miami-Dade County, FL 30.8 (27.6–34.2) 18.8 (16.5–21.4) 25.0 (22.8–27.4)
New York City, NY 37.7 (35.5–39.9) 21.2 (18.8–23.8) 29.4 (27.6–31.2)
Oakland, CA 33.2 (29.4–37.3) 21.9 (18.8–25.4) 27.3 (24.9–29.8)
Orange County, FL 39.4 (35.7–43.2) 20.6 (16.8–25.1) 30.1 (26.9–33.4)
Palm Beach County, FL 38.3 (34.9–41.9) 21.3 (18.8–23.9) 29.9 (27.7–32.1)
Philadelphia, PA 43.1 (39.5–46.7) 21.4 (18.3–25.0) 32.4 (29.8–35.0)
San Diego, CA 38.9 (35.1–42.9) 19.9 (17.5–22.6) 29.1 (26.5–31.9)
San Francisco, CA 30.6 (27.0–34.4) 19.6 (16.8–22.7) 24.9 (22.8–27.1)
Median 37.7   21.3   29.8  
Range (30.6–47.0) (17.7–25.1) (24.9–36.0)

*Almost every day for ≥2 weeks in a row so that they stopped doing some usual activities during the 12 months before the survey.
95% confidence interval.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 25. Percentage of high school students who seriously considered attempting suicide* and who made a plan about how they would attempt suicide,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Seriously considered attempting suicide Made a suicide plan
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White§ 22.8 (19.9–26.1) 11.5 (9.9–13.4) 17.2 (15.4–19.2) 18.4 (15.6–21.7) 9.3 (7.7–11.1) 13.9 (12.1–15.9)
Black§ 18.7 (14.4–23.8) 11.0 (9.2–13.1) 14.5 (12.3–17.1) 17.3 (12.7–23.2) 10.6 (8.0–14.0) 13.7 (10.8–17.2)
Hispanic 25.6 (22.9–28.5) 12.4 (10.5–14.6) 18.8 (17.1–20.7) 20.7 (17.7–24.1) 10.9 (9.5–12.5) 15.7 (14.2–17.4)
Grade
9 26.5 (23.3–30.0) 10.7 (8.6–13.2) 18.2 (16.4–20.2) 22.5 (19.2–26.1) 8.1 (6.6–10.1) 15.0 (13.4–16.8)
10 25.7 (22.2–29.5) 10.8 (8.8–13.2) 18.3 (16.2–20.5) 21.6 (18.7–24.7) 9.2 (7.3–11.4) 15.4 (13.6–17.4)
11 22.1 (19.0–25.4) 13.3 (11.3–15.5) 17.7 (15.7–19.9) 17.2 (14.4–20.3) 10.4 (8.8–12.3) 13.9 (12.2–15.9)
12 18.6 (16.1–21.4) 14.0 (11.5–17.1) 16.3 (14.7–18.0) 15.7 (13.6–18.0) 12.0 (9.8–14.5) 13.8 (12.4–15.4)
Total 23.4 (21.5–25.4) 12.2 (11.2–13.3) 17.7 (16.7–18.8) 19.4 (17.5–21.5) 9.8 (8.8–11.0) 14.6 (13.4–15.8)

*During the 12 months before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 26. Percentage of high school students who seriously considered attempting suicide* and who made a plan about how they would attempt suicide,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Seriously considered attempting suicide Made a suicide plan
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 23.1 (18.6–28.2) 11.8 (9.5–14.6) 17.5 (14.5–21.0) 18.7 (15.2–22.8) 8.5 (6.0–11.7) 13.7 (11.4–16.3)
Alaska 23.3 (19.6–27.5) 17.0 (14.1–20.4) 20.1 (17.2–23.4) 18.4 (15.5–21.7) 14.9 (11.9–18.4) 16.7 (14.2–19.5)
Arizona 23.5 (20.2–27.2) 13.2 (10.5–16.4) 18.6 (16.3–21.1) 21.3 (17.5–25.7) 12.3 (9.8–15.4) 17.0 (15.2–18.9)
Arkansas 23.2 (20.6–26.0) 14.4 (10.7–19.0) 18.9 (16.6–21.5) 18.9 (16.6–21.5) 14.1 (10.8–18.3) 16.7 (15.1–18.4)
California 24.0 (20.2–28.4) 11.9 (8.4–16.5) 17.9 (14.4–22.1) 21.8 (18.4–25.8) 8.5 (5.8–12.3) 15.2 (12.2–18.7)
Connecticut 16.3 (13.7–19.2) 10.4 (8.6–12.5) 13.4 (11.9–15.1) §
Delaware 17.5 (14.8–20.6) 10.0 (8.4–11.9) 14.0 (12.7–15.5) 14.8 (11.9–18.3) 7.2 (5.8–8.9) 11.0 (9.4–12.8)
Florida 17.9 (16.7–19.3) 9.5 (8.3–10.8) 13.8 (13.0–14.7) 14.3 (13.1–15.7) 7.7 (6.9–8.5) 11.1 (10.3–11.9)
Hawaii 20.1 (17.8–22.6) 11.7 (9.8–13.8) 16.0 (14.2–18.1) 18.8 (17.1–20.6) 12.1 (10.5–13.9) 15.6 (14.3–17.0)
Idaho 27.2 (23.7–30.9) 12.9 (10.5–15.6) 19.8 (17.5–22.3) 23.3 (20.0–26.9) 10.8 (8.8–13.1) 17.0 (14.8–19.3)
Illinois 18.8 (15.8–22.4) 12.9 (10.0–16.4) 15.9 (13.9–18.2) 16.4 (14.1–18.9) 12.6 (10.4–15.3) 14.5 (12.9–16.4)
Indiana 26.0 (22.2–30.1) 13.7 (10.5–17.6) 19.8 (17.9–21.7) 20.6 (18.5–22.8) 13.6 (10.7–17.2) 17.0 (15.3–19.0)
Kentucky 20.6 (16.9–24.9) 10.6 (8.6–13.1) 15.7 (13.8–17.8) 18.1 (14.5–22.5) 9.8 (7.8–12.2) 13.9 (11.9–16.3)
Maine 19.8 (18.5–21.2) 10.5 (9.3–11.9) 15.2 (14.1–16.3) 16.1 (14.9–17.4) 8.7 (7.9–9.6) 12.4 (11.6–13.1)
Maryland 20.7 (20.1–21.3) 10.9 (10.4–11.4) 15.9 (15.4–16.3) 15.9 (15.3–16.4) 9.4 (8.9–9.9) 12.7 (12.3–13.1)
Massachusetts 17.4 (15.2–19.9) 12.2 (10.4–14.3) 14.9 (13.1–16.8) 14.0 (11.9–16.3) 9.8 (8.3–11.6) 11.9 (10.6–13.4)
Michigan 21.4 (18.7–24.4) 13.0 (11.3–15.0) 17.3 (15.9–18.7) 17.5 (15.4–19.8) 12.5 (10.2–15.2) 15.0 (13.5–16.6)
Mississippi 20.9 (18.5–23.6) 13.0 (10.7–15.9) 17.0 (15.5–18.6) 17.6 (14.8–20.9) 12.4 (9.9–15.4) 15.1 (13.2–17.3)
Missouri 18.9 (15.4–23.0) 13.2 (10.1–17.2) 16.2 (13.9–18.9) 15.8 (12.2–20.1) 11.0 (9.4–12.7) 13.4 (11.2–16.0)
Montana 25.5 (23.4–27.7) 12.7 (11.3–14.3) 18.8 (17.6–20.1) 19.8 (17.8–22.0) 11.5 (10.2–12.9) 15.5 (14.3–16.8)
Nebraska 18.0 (14.6–21.8) 11.3 (9.2–13.8) 14.6 (12.8–16.8) 17.0 (13.5–21.2) 9.8 (7.6–12.5) 13.3 (11.5–15.4)
Nevada 23.8 (20.9–27.0) 10.6 (7.9–14.2) 17.2 (14.8–20.0) 21.7 (18.7–24.9) 9.8 (7.1–13.3) 15.8 (13.8–18.1)
New Hampshire 20.1 (18.8–21.5) 10.7 (9.8–11.7) 15.3 (14.5–16.2)
New Mexico 21.4 (19.1–23.8) 11.6 (10.6–12.7) 16.5 (15.1–17.9) 19.0 (17.4–20.6) 10.3 (9.3–11.4) 14.6 (13.6–15.7)
New York 19.4 (16.9–22.1) 11.8 (9.7–14.3) 15.7 (13.7–17.8)
North Carolina 20.5 (17.3–24.1) 10.7 (8.7–13.2) 15.9 (13.8–18.4) 17.3 (14.1–21.0) 10.5 (7.6–14.3) 14.1 (12.5–15.8)
North Dakota 20.4 (17.6–23.6) 12.2 (10.0–14.8) 16.2 (14.2–18.4) 16.1 (13.8–18.7) 10.9 (8.9–13.3) 13.5 (11.8–15.3)
Oklahoma 19.9 (17.2–22.9) 10.2 (7.4–13.9) 15.1 (12.9–17.6) 19.1 (16.2–22.4) 10.0 (7.3–13.5) 14.6 (12.3–17.1)
Pennsylvania 20.3 (18.1–22.6) 11.2 (9.2–13.6) 15.7 (14.2–17.3) 17.1 (14.9–19.6) 9.9 (7.8–12.5) 13.5 (11.9–15.2)
Rhode Island 19.3 (17.2–21.6) 8.9 (7.3–10.9) 14.1 (12.4–15.9) 15.8 (13.9–17.9) 8.4 (6.4–10.9) 12.1 (10.4–14.0)
South Carolina 21.3 (16.9–26.5) 13.3 (10.3–17.0) 17.3 (14.2–20.9) 19.7 (16.4–23.5) 9.7 (7.2–13.0) 14.7 (12.6–17.2)
South Dakota 23.3 (17.6–30.0) 9.3 (6.4–13.2) 16.1 (12.4–20.7) 16.7 (11.9–23.0) 7.1 (4.8–10.4) 11.8 (8.8–15.6)
Tennessee 21.7 (19.0–24.6) 10.6 (9.3–12.1) 16.0 (14.5–17.6) 18.6 (16.8–20.4) 9.9 (8.2–12.0) 14.2 (13.1–15.3)
Vermont 16.2 (15.5–16.9) 8.0 (7.5–8.5) 12.1 (11.7–12.6)
Virginia 18.6 (16.3–21.1) 9.6 (8.1–11.3) 14.0 (12.6–15.5) 15.4 (13.6–17.5) 8.1 (6.9–9.5) 11.7 (10.5–13.0)
West Virginia 22.8 (18.5–27.7) 14.8 (12.8–17.0) 18.7 (16.3–21.4) 17.6 (14.2–21.6) 13.1 (11.2–15.4) 15.4 (13.2–17.7)
Wyoming 24.7 (21.3–28.4) 15.9 (13.2–18.9) 20.3 (18.1–22.7) 20.9 (18.2–23.9) 15.6 (13.4–17.9) 18.2 (16.5–20.1)
Median 20.6   11.7   16.0   17.6   9.9   14.3  
Range (16.3–27.2) (8.9–17.0) (13.4–20.3) (14.0–23.3) (7.1–15.6) (11.0–18.2)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 20.3 (16.1–25.3) 14.8 (11.0–19.7) 17.8 (14.6–21.5) 16.6 (12.9–21.1) 11.8 (8.4–16.5) 14.4 (11.6–17.8)
Boston, MA 14.1 (11.5–17.2) 7.3 (5.5–9.8) 11.0 (9.2–13.0) 12.8 (10.6–15.4) 6.5 (4.8–8.8) 9.7 (8.1–11.6)
Broward County, FL 21.0 (18.2–24.2) 12.6 (10.2–15.4) 16.8 (15.0–18.8) 16.5 (14.0–19.4) 10.9 (9.0–13.0) 13.7 (12.0–15.5)
Cleveland, OH 25.8 (22.8–29.1) 12.2 (9.7–15.2) 19.2 (17.2–21.4)
DeKalb County, GA 22.1 (19.5–24.9) 10.6 (8.7–12.9) 16.3 (14.5–18.2) 19.1 (16.3–22.2) 12.6 (10.2–15.6) 15.8 (13.9–18.0)
Detroit, MI 18.7 (15.6–22.2) 14.3 (11.6–17.4) 16.7 (14.6–19.0) 16.7 (14.1–19.7) 15.6 (12.8–19.0) 16.4 (14.5–18.6)
District of Columbia 18.5 (17.4–19.6) 8.9 (8.1–9.8) 13.9 (13.2–14.6) 18.9 (17.8–20.0) 10.2 (9.3–11.2) 14.8 (14.1–15.5)
Duval County, FL 24.2 (21.9–26.7) 14.3 (12.0–17.1) 19.7 (17.9–21.6) 22.0 (19.7–24.5) 15.9 (13.4–18.8) 19.3 (17.3–21.4)
Ft. Worth, TX 19.8 (17.3–22.6) 7.7 (6.3–9.4) 13.8 (12.3–15.5) 16.2 (13.9–18.9) 7.1 (5.7–8.8) 11.6 (10.2–13.2)
Houston, TX 19.3 (17.0–21.8) 11.1 (9.4–13.2) 15.1 (13.7–16.7) 17.4 (15.4–19.6) 11.7 (9.9–13.7) 14.6 (13.3–16.0)
Los Angeles, CA 17.6 (15.1–20.4) 10.4 (8.6–12.6) 14.1 (12.7–15.5) 14.1 (12.0–16.4) 11.6 (9.9–13.5) 12.9 (11.3–14.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL 12.5 (10.9–14.2) 8.9 (7.5–10.6) 10.7 (9.5–12.0) 9.7 (8.2–11.5) 7.6 (6.1–9.5) 8.7 (7.6–10.0)
New York City, NY 18.3 (16.3–20.4) 9.0 (7.7–10.6) 13.7 (12.2–15.4)
Oakland, CA 18.8 (15.7–22.2) 10.6 (8.3–13.5) 14.4 (12.6–16.3) 16.3 (13.6–19.4) 9.1 (6.9–12.0) 12.5 (10.8–14.5)
Orange County, FL 20.1 (17.2–23.3) 10.2 (7.9–12.9) 15.1 (13.2–17.3) 15.0 (12.5–18.0) 9.9 (7.6–12.7) 12.3 (10.6–14.3)
Palm Beach County, FL 20.8 (18.2–23.6) 10.0 (8.2–12.2) 15.5 (13.7–17.4) 17.9 (15.2–21.0) 11.3 (9.0–14.0) 14.6 (12.7–16.8)
Philadelphia, PA 18.0 (15.5–20.9) 9.9 (7.2–13.4) 14.0 (11.7–16.8) 16.6 (14.3–19.2) 9.0 (6.3–12.9) 12.8 (11.0–14.9)
San Diego, CA 21.1 (18.0–24.6) 12.1 (9.8–14.7) 16.5 (14.7–18.5)
San Francisco, CA 15.6 (12.9–18.7) 9.5 (7.2–12.4) 12.6 (10.8–14.6) 16.3 (13.5–19.7) 11.3 (9.2–13.6) 13.9 (11.9–16.2)
Median 19.3   10.4   15.1   16.5   11.1   13.8  
Range (12.5–25.8) (7.3–14.8) (10.7–19.7) (9.7–22.0) (6.5–15.9) (8.7–19.3)

*During the 12 months before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 27. Percentage of high school students who attempted suicide*, and whose suicide attempt resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Attempted suicide Suicide attempt treated by a doctor or nurse
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 9.8 (7.5–12.8) 3.7 (2.9–4.7) 6.8 (5.5–8.4) 3.4 (2.3–4.8) 0.9 (0.5–1.4) 2.1 (1.5–2.9)
Black 10.2 (6.8–15.1) 7.2 (5.3–9.8) 8.9 (6.7–11.9) 3.6 (2.4–5.6) 4.0 (2.0–7.8) 3.8 (2.2–6.3)
Hispanic 15.1 (12.8–17.7) 7.6 (5.8–9.9) 11.3 (9.9–13.0) 4.5 (3.1–6.4) 2.9 (1.9–4.4) 3.7 (2.7–5.1)
Grade
9 15.1 (12.2–18.5) 5.1 (3.7–7.0) 9.9 (8.5–11.5) 4.7 (3.3–6.6) 1.9 (1.1–3.0) 3.2 (2.4–4.2)
10 13.0 (9.8–17.2) 5.7 (4.1–7.8) 9.4 (7.6–11.6) 3.9 (2.6–5.6) 2.2 (1.2–4.0) 3.1 (2.2–4.3)
11 10.2 (8.2–12.5) 5.8 (4.6–7.3) 8.0 (6.8–9.5) 3.4 (2.2–5.2) 2.0 (1.1–3.5) 2.6 (1.8–3.9)
12 7.2 (5.3–9.6) 5.2 (3.4–7.8) 6.2 (4.9–7.9) 2.3 (1.5–3.6) 1.4 (0.7–2.6) 1.9 (1.3–2.8)
Total 11.6 (9.7–13.7) 5.5 (4.7–6.4) 8.6 (7.6–9.6) 3.7 (2.9–4.7) 1.9 (1.3–2.8) 2.8 (2.2–3.5)

*One or more times.
During the 12 months before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 28. Percentage of high school students who attempted suicide*, and whose suicide attempt resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Attempted suicide Suicide attempt treated by a doctor or nurse
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 13.0 (10.3–16.4) 8.7 (6.6–11.4) 11.2 (9.4–13.3) 4.8 (3.6–6.5) 3.3 (2.0–5.4) 4.3 (3.3–5.6)
Alaska 11.0 (8.7–14.0) 10.4 (8.2–13.1) 10.7 (8.9–12.8) 4.0 (2.7–6.1) 3.0 (1.9–4.7) 3.5 (2.6–4.7)
Arizona 12.6 (9.5–16.6) 6.2 (4.5–8.6) 9.6 (7.9–11.5) 3.7 (2.6–5.5) 1.5 (0.6–3.6) 2.7 (2.0–3.6)
Arkansas 13.8 (11.5–16.5) 10.2 (7.7–13.5) 12.1 (10.2–14.4) 4.6 (3.9–5.5) 4.4 (3.2–5.9) 4.5 (3.7–5.4)
California 11.8 (9.9–14.0) 4.7 (3.2–7.0) 8.2 (6.8–9.9) 2.8 (2.0–3.9) 1.0 (0.4–2.7) 1.9 (1.2–2.9)
Connecticut 8.7 (6.9–10.8) 6.6 (5.3–8.1) 7.9 (6.6–9.4)
Delaware 10.2 (7.5–13.6) 4.8 (3.4–6.8) 7.6 (6.1–9.5) 2.4 (1.4–4.2) 2.1 (1.3–3.4) 2.3 (1.7–3.2)
Florida 9.6 (8.6–10.7) 5.2 (4.3–6.4) 7.6 (6.8–8.5) 2.8 (2.2–3.6) 1.9 (1.3–2.7) 2.5 (1.9–3.2)
Hawaii 11.0 (9.6–12.7) 9.3 (7.4–11.6) 10.5 (9.3–11.9) 3.1 (2.2–4.2) 3.5 (2.6–4.7) 3.4 (2.8–4.1)
Idaho 14.0 (11.0–17.7) 5.8 (4.8–7.0) 9.8 (8.2–11.7) 4.4 (3.1–6.4) 1.7 (1.0–2.9) 3.1 (2.4–3.9)
Illinois 9.5 (7.2–12.4) 9.8 (7.8–12.2) 9.8 (8.1–11.7) 2.9 (1.9–4.4) 5.7 (3.8–8.3) 4.3 (3.2–5.8)
Indiana 10.9 (8.3–14.1) 8.7 (6.0–12.5) 9.9 (7.7–12.7) 4.4 (2.7–7.0) 3.3 (1.9–5.6) 3.9 (2.5–6.0)
Kentucky 12.9 (9.4–17.3) 5.7 (3.8–8.5) 9.4 (7.0–12.4) 5.3 (3.5–7.9) 2.5 (1.4–4.3) 3.9 (2.6–5.7)
Maine 11.2 (10.2–12.2) 8.4 (7.5–9.4) 9.9 (9.3–10.6)
Maryland
Massachusetts 8.2 (6.5–10.3) 5.4 (4.1–7.0) 7.0 (6.0–8.2) 2.9 (2.0–4.2) 2.5 (1.7–3.8) 2.8 (2.2–3.6)
Michigan 11.1 (9.6–12.8) 7.1 (5.3–9.5) 9.2 (7.9–10.7) 3.0 (2.0–4.4) 2.4 (1.6–3.8) 2.7 (2.0–3.7)
Mississippi 13.4 (10.9–16.5) 11.2 (8.7–14.4) 12.7 (10.5–15.2) 5.5 (3.6–8.4) 5.9 (4.0–8.6) 5.7 (4.3–7.6)
Missouri 10.3 (7.4–14.1) 9.2 (7.4–11.4) 9.8 (7.8–12.2) 3.2 (1.7–5.9) 3.1 (2.1–4.5) 3.2 (2.3–4.4)
Montana 11.5 (10.1–13.2) 6.3 (5.1–7.8) 8.9 (7.8–10.1) 4.0 (3.1–5.0) 2.4 (1.6–3.4) 3.1 (2.4–4.0)
Nebraska 9.4 (7.0–12.5) 7.7 (5.8–10.1) 8.9 (7.4–10.5) 3.0 (1.8–5.0) 3.5 (2.2–5.6) 3.3 (2.5–4.5)
Nevada 13.1 (10.3–16.6) 8.0 (6.3–10.1) 10.7 (9.1–12.6) 3.2 (2.1–4.8) 2.3 (1.4–3.8) 2.8 (2.0–3.7)
New Hampshire 8.9 (8.0–9.9) 4.6 (3.9–5.3) 6.8 (6.2–7.4) 3.5 (2.8–4.2) 1.5 (1.2–1.9) 2.5 (2.1–2.9)
New Mexico 12.4 (11.0–13.9) 6.4 (5.4–7.5) 9.4 (8.6–10.4) 3.8 (3.1–4.7) 2.5 (2.0–3.3) 3.2 (2.7–3.8)
New York 9.9 (8.2–11.9) 9.3 (7.3–11.8) 9.9 (8.4–11.7) 4.2 (3.2–5.5) 4.4 (3.2–6.0) 4.4 (3.6–5.3)
North Carolina 8.8 (5.9–12.9) 9.6 (7.9–11.7) 9.3 (8.0–10.7)
North Dakota 9.6 (7.6–12.1) 9.3 (7.4–11.5) 9.4 (7.9–11.1)
Oklahoma 10.2 (8.1–12.7) 4.5 (2.8–7.2) 7.4 (6.2–8.9) 2.4 (1.6–3.6) 1.6 (0.9–3.0) 2.0 (1.5–2.8)
Pennsylvania 9.6 (7.5–12.2) 5.3 (4.0–7.0) 7.5 (6.1–9.1) 3.0 (2.0–4.6) 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 2.6 (1.9–3.7)
Rhode Island 12.5 (9.0–17.2) 8.3 (6.4–10.6) 10.5 (7.9–13.8) 4.4 (3.0–6.5) 3.8 (2.5–5.7) 4.1 (3.0–5.6)
South Carolina 12.6 (8.4–18.4) 9.4 (7.0–12.5) 11.0 (8.4–14.3) 3.5 (2.1–5.8) 3.3 (1.9–5.8) 3.4 (2.3–5.2)
South Dakota 10.0 (6.2–15.6) 6.8 (4.0–11.3) 8.4 (5.7–12.3) 4.2 (2.1–8.2) 3.2 (1.7–6.0) 3.8 (2.2–6.6)
Tennessee 12.5 (11.2–13.8) 7.3 (5.7–9.2) 9.9 (8.9–10.9) 4.2 (3.4–5.3) 3.3 (2.3–4.7) 3.8 (3.1–4.7)
Vermont 8.0 (7.5–8.5) 3.7 (3.3–4.1) 5.9 (5.6–6.2) 2.6 (2.3–3.0) 1.2 (1.0–1.5) 2.0 (1.8–2.2)
Virginia 8.7 (7.1–10.5) 4.6 (3.7–5.6) 6.7 (5.8–7.6) 2.4 (1.6–3.7) 1.3 (0.8–2.0) 1.9 (1.3–2.6)
West Virginia 11.3 (8.9–14.2) 8.5 (6.5–11.0) 9.9 (8.5–11.5) 3.7 (2.3–6.1) 2.6 (1.5–4.7) 3.2 (2.1–4.8)
Wyoming 14.7 (12.0–17.8) 7.7 (5.9–9.9) 11.1 (9.5–13.0) 4.5 (3.2–6.3) 3.7 (2.3–5.8) 4.1 (3.2–5.3)
Median 11.0   7.3   9.6   3.7   2.6   3.2  
Range (8.0–14.7) (3.7–11.2) (5.9–12.7) (2.4–8.8) (1.0–9.6) (1.9–9.3)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 16.2 (12.0–21.5) 20.5 (14.4–28.4) 18.7 (14.6–23.6) 4.9 (2.9–8.0) 9.4 (5.9–14.5) 7.3 (5.2–10.1)
Boston, MA 8.2 (6.3–10.7) 7.9 (6.2–10.1) 8.1 (6.7–9.8) 2.4 (1.4–3.9) 2.4 (1.5–4.0) 2.4 (1.7–3.4)
Broward County, FL 11.8 (9.6–14.4) 6.2 (4.6–8.4) 9.3 (7.9–10.9) 4.3 (2.8–6.4) 2.6 (1.6–4.4) 3.5 (2.6–4.8)
Cleveland, OH 22.6 (19.5–26.0) 17.7 (14.4–21.5) 20.7 (18.3–23.3)
DeKalb County, GA 11.2 (8.5–14.5) 8.6 (6.7–10.9) 9.9 (8.1–12.0) 4.1 (2.8–6.1) 5.1 (3.4–7.5) 4.6 (3.4–6.1)
Detroit, MI 15.1 (12.3–18.3) 16.4 (12.0–22.1) 16.0 (13.4–18.9) 6.4 (4.8–8.6) 8.4 (6.0–11.8) 7.4 (5.9–9.3)
District of Columbia 13.7 (12.6–14.8) 11.1 (10.0–12.2) 12.7 (11.9–13.4) 4.8 (4.2–5.5) 4.9 (4.2–5.8) 5.0 (4.5–5.5)
Duval County, FL 18.9 (16.2–21.9) 17.9 (15.0–21.1) 18.9 (16.4–21.5)
Ft. Worth, TX 11.8 (9.7–14.3) 3.9 (2.9–5.3) 7.8 (6.6–9.3) 3.9 (2.8–5.4) 1.7 (1.0–2.8) 2.9 (2.3–3.7)
Houston, TX 14.1 (12.3–16.2) 11.2 (9.4–13.4) 13.0 (11.5–14.6) 5.2 (4.1–6.6) 3.9 (3.0–5.0) 4.6 (3.8–5.6)
Los Angeles, CA 10.1 (8.2–12.2) 6.5 (4.6–9.1) 8.4 (7.1–9.9) 2.2 (1.1–4.3) 2.1 (1.4–3.2) 2.1 (1.5–3.1)
Miami-Dade County, FL 7.4 (5.9–9.2) 5.6 (4.0–7.7) 6.4 (5.3–7.9) 2.2 (1.5–3.3) 1.9 (1.1–3.1) 2.1 (1.5–2.8)
New York City, NY 10.1 (8.5–11.9) 6.2 (5.3–7.2) 8.3 (7.4–9.3) 2.9 (2.1–3.8) 2.6 (2.0–3.4) 2.8 (2.3–3.3)
Oakland, CA 12.8 (9.8–16.5) 9.8 (7.4–12.8) 11.3 (9.5–13.3) 2.8 (1.8–4.5) 3.9 (2.5–6.2) 3.4 (2.4–4.7)
Orange County, FL 12.1 (9.8–14.8) 6.1 (3.8–9.8) 9.1 (7.4–11.2) 4.5 (3.1–6.4) 2.2 (1.0–5.1) 3.4 (2.2–5.1)
Palm Beach County, FL 11.1 (9.2–13.4) 8.1 (6.4–10.2) 10.1 (8.6–11.8) 4.2 (3.0–5.7) 3.0 (2.0–4.5) 3.7 (3.0–4.7)
Philadelphia, PA 12.6 (10.9–14.6) 8.8 (5.7–13.4) 11.0 (8.6–14.1) 3.8 (2.4–5.9) 3.3 (1.8–5.7) 3.6 (2.5–5.0)
San Diego, CA 11.0 (8.9–13.4) 6.9 (5.3–8.8) 8.9 (7.6–10.5) 2.2 (1.4–3.5) 1.7 (1.0–2.8) 1.9 (1.3–2.8)
San Francisco, CA 11.3 (8.7–14.7) 7.8 (5.7–10.5) 9.8 (7.7–12.5) 4.3 (2.8–6.6) 3.7 (2.3–5.8) 4.3 (3.1–6.0)
Median 11.8   8.1   9.9   4.1   3.0   3.5  
Range (7.4–22.6) (3.9–20.5) (6.4–20.7) (2.2–6.4) (1.7–9.4) (1.9–7.4)

*One or more times.
During the 12 months before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 29. Percentage of high school students who ever tried cigarette smoking* and who smoked a whole cigarette for the first time before age 13 years, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Ever tried cigarette smoking Smoked a whole cigarette before age 13 years
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White§ 30.4 (23.5–38.2) 33.2 (29.3–37.3) 31.8 (26.8–37.2) 5.3 (3.8–7.4) 6.6 (4.9–8.7) 6.0 (4.5–7.9)
Black§ 29.5 (24.2–35.5) 30.6 (24.6–37.3) 30.1 (25.0–35.7) 3.8 (2.1–6.8) 10.1 (7.8–13.0) 7.0 (5.2–9.4)
Hispanic 32.7 (29.7–35.7) 37.8 (34.8–41.0) 35.2 (32.7–37.9) 4.9 (3.9–6.2) 9.2 (7.8–10.8) 7.1 (6.1–8.3)
Grade
9 24.5 (20.2–29.4) 25.8 (22.4–29.4) 25.1 (21.8–28.7) 6.1 (4.4–8.5) 8.2 (6.3–10.5) 7.2 (5.5–9.3)
10 28.2 (22.1–35.2) 30.0 (25.3–35.1) 29.1 (24.2–34.6) 6.0 (4.3–8.5) 9.1 (7.0–11.9) 7.6 (5.9–9.7)
11 34.4 (29.9–39.3) 40.5 (37.5–43.6) 37.5 (34.5–40.7) 4.5 (3.6–5.5) 6.8 (5.0–9.2) 5.6 (4.6–7.0)
12 36.3 (30.3–42.7) 40.4 (33.8–47.4) 38.3 (33.1–43.9) 3.0 (2.1–4.3) 7.3 (5.3–9.9) 5.2 (3.9–6.9)
Total 30.7 (26.3–35.4) 33.8 (30.7–37.1) 32.3 (28.9–35.8) 5.0 (4.0–6.3) 8.0 (6.6–9.6) 6.6 (5.5–7.9)

*Even one or two puffs.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 30. Percentage of high school students who ever tried cigarette smoking* and who smoked a whole cigarette for the first time before age 13 years, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Ever tried cigarette smoking Smoked a whole cigarette before age 13 years
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 39.4 (33.4–45.7) 41.4 (36.4–46.6) 40.5 (35.8–45.4) 7.8 (5.5–10.8) 12.4 (9.7–15.8) 10.3 (8.1–13.2)
Alaska 28.5 (25.0–32.3) 36.0 (32.2–40.0) 32.5 (29.7–35.5) 7.8 (5.8–10.4) 9.7 (7.1–13.2) 8.9 (7.0–11.2)
Arizona 36.9 (33.0–41.0) 36.8 (31.5–42.5) 37.0 (32.8–41.4) 6.6 (4.8–9.0) 6.9 (5.1–9.4) 7.0 (5.7–8.6)
Arkansas 37.3 (32.6–42.1) 49.2 (44.6–53.7) 43.1 (39.4–47.0) 8.0 (5.9–10.8) 18.3 (15.5–21.5) 13.1 (10.9–15.7)
California 26.9 (22.9–31.4) 29.1 (23.3–35.7) 28.1 (23.9–32.7) 5.3 (3.8–7.4) 5.1 (3.3–7.8) 5.2 (3.7–7.1)
Connecticut §
Delaware 30.1 (26.6–33.8) 29.8 (25.9–34.0) 30.2 (27.1–33.5) 5.6 (4.1–7.5) 7.2 (5.3–9.7) 6.6 (5.2–8.4)
Florida 4.8 (3.9–5.7) 7.9 (6.6–9.4) 6.5 (5.5–7.6)
Hawaii 25.7 (23.8–27.7) 24.3 (22.1–26.5) 25.0 (23.6–26.5) 5.8 (4.5–7.5) 6.5 (5.2–8.0) 6.3 (5.2–7.6)
Idaho 27.9 (24.0–32.2) 33.7 (28.3–39.7) 30.9 (27.2–35.0) 4.0 (2.5–6.2) 8.2 (5.6–11.8) 6.2 (4.8–7.9)
Illinois 31.6 (27.1–36.5) 36.1 (30.7–41.8) 33.8 (29.6–38.3) 3.4 (2.3–4.8) 10.1 (7.7–13.0) 6.7 (5.6–8.1)
Indiana 34.1 (29.1–39.4) 39.4 (33.0–46.1) 36.9 (31.8–42.4) 7.9 (5.6–11.1) 8.2 (6.1–10.9) 8.2 (6.4–10.6)
Kentucky 46.8 (41.7–51.9) 41.4 (36.5–46.5) 44.1 (40.0–48.2) 12.8 (10.4–15.7) 12.0 (10.2–13.9) 12.5 (11.1–14.0)
Maine 28.5 (26.2–31.1) 29.5 (27.5–31.6) 29.1 (27.2–31.1) 4.6 (3.9–5.5) 6.3 (5.3–7.5) 5.5 (4.8–6.4)
Maryland 5.2 (4.9–5.6) 8.5 (8.0–9.0) 7.1 (6.7–7.5)
Massachusetts 24.9 (21.3–28.9) 30.6 (26.8–34.7) 27.8 (24.4–31.5) 3.1 (2.2–4.3) 5.3 (4.0–7.0) 4.3 (3.3–5.6)
Michigan 31.5 (27.0–36.3) 33.6 (29.2–38.4) 32.5 (29.0–36.3) 6.5 (5.1–8.1) 9.1 (6.5–12.6) 7.8 (6.4–9.5)
Mississippi 38.3 (33.0–43.8) 47.0 (43.5–50.6) 42.7 (39.2–46.3) 8.2 (6.2–10.8) 14.7 (12.0–17.8) 11.6 (9.8–13.8)
Missouri 31.3 (25.8–37.4) 37.9 (32.7–43.4) 34.5 (29.8–39.4) 6.6 (4.6–9.6) 9.2 (7.1–12.0) 8.0 (6.2–10.2)
Montana 38.7 (34.7–42.8) 39.6 (36.5–42.7) 39.1 (36.0–42.3) 7.8 (6.2–9.6) 8.2 (7.1–9.5) 8.0 (7.0–9.2)
Nebraska 32.7 (28.1–37.7) 30.1 (25.3–35.4) 31.4 (27.6–35.6) 8.7 (6.5–11.7) 8.5 (6.5–11.0) 8.8 (6.9–11.0)
Nevada 33.6 (28.0–39.7) 32.8 (28.9–36.8) 33.3 (29.8–37.0) 4.9 (3.0–7.8) 8.3 (6.6–10.4) 6.7 (5.5–8.0)
New Hampshire 3.7 (3.2–4.3) 7.0 (6.2–7.9) 5.5 (5.0–6.0)
New Mexico 39.4 (37.0–41.8) 40.0 (37.8–42.3) 39.7 (37.8–41.7) 8.8 (7.8–9.9) 11.6 (10.6–12.8) 10.3 (9.5–11.1)
New York 26.7 (23.4–30.3) 28.4 (24.8–32.2) 27.6 (24.4–31.1)
North Carolina 7.3 (5.2–10.2) 10.2 (7.6–13.5) 8.8 (6.9–11.3)
North Dakota 32.3 (28.4–36.5) 37.8 (34.1–41.5) 35.1 (32.1–38.2) 5.9 (4.5–7.7) 8.5 (7.0–10.3) 7.2 (6.0–8.6)
Oklahoma 35.8 (31.7–40.1) 41.0 (36.0–46.2) 38.6 (35.0–42.2) 6.6 (4.6–9.5) 10.8 (7.8–14.7) 8.8 (6.8–11.3)
Pennsylvania 33.4 (28.0–39.3) 36.4 (31.8–41.3) 34.9 (30.5–39.6) 5.7 (4.3–7.7) 8.2 (6.6–10.2) 7.0 (5.6–8.6)
Rhode Island 20.2 (16.7–24.2) 24.4 (20.8–28.5) 22.4 (19.6–25.5) 4.0 (2.7–5.8) 6.7 (4.8–9.2) 5.5 (4.3–7.0)
South Carolina 38.7 (32.4–45.5) 34.9 (29.6–40.4) 36.9 (32.0–42.1) 9.1 (6.5–12.8) 10.7 (6.8–16.3) 10.0 (7.4–13.2)
South Dakota 31.6 (24.5–39.6) 34.9 (30.4–39.8) 33.3 (28.5–38.5) 7.3 (4.2–12.4) 10.9 (8.1–14.5) 9.2 (6.9–12.3)
Tennessee 35.1 (31.6–38.7) 36.8 (33.9–39.8) 36.1 (33.4–38.8) 7.5 (6.1–9.3) 11.7 (10.1–13.6) 9.8 (8.6–11.1)
Vermont 4.8 (4.4–5.3) 7.4 (7.0–8.0) 6.2 (5.9–6.6)
Virginia 24.2 (21.0–27.7) 27.0 (24.1–30.1) 25.7 (23.2–28.4) 4.2 (3.3–5.2) 6.5 (5.2–8.1) 5.4 (4.5–6.5)
West Virginia 45.8 (41.6–50.1) 49.0 (43.4–54.5) 47.3 (43.2–51.5) 11.5 (8.5–15.2) 14.5 (11.1–18.8) 13.0 (10.2–16.4)
Wyoming 39.4 (34.6–44.4) 39.3 (34.9–44.0) 39.4 (35.3–43.6) 10.0 (7.3–13.5) 12.4 (10.1–15.2) 11.4 (9.2–14.0)
Median 32.7   36.1   34.5   6.6   8.5   7.8  
Range (20.2–46.8) (24.3–49.2) (22.4–47.3) (3.1–12.8) (5.1–18.3) (4.3–13.1)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 28.6 (23.5–34.4) 26.7 (21.4–32.8) 27.9 (23.6–32.6) 7.5 (5.3–10.5) 9.9 (7.0–14.0) 9.7 (7.4–12.8)
Boston, MA 3.7 (2.7–5.1) 6.1 (4.3–8.5) 5.1 (4.0–6.5)
Broward County, FL 17.8 (14.3–21.9) 25.3 (21.6–29.5) 21.7 (18.9–24.7) 3.5 (2.1–5.7) 5.0 (3.7–6.9) 4.4 (3.3–5.7)
Cleveland, OH 31.5 (27.8–35.3) 32.8 (29.5–36.3) 32.5 (29.9–35.2)
DeKalb County, GA 23.9 (21.0–27.0) 24.8 (21.3–28.6) 24.3 (22.0–26.8) 3.4 (2.2–5.2) 7.8 (5.9–10.1) 5.6 (4.3–7.2)
Detroit, MI 32.8 (28.4–37.6) 33.5 (28.7–38.6) 33.1 (29.3–37.2) 13.1 (9.0–18.6) 14.1 (10.5–18.6) 13.7 (10.2–18.1)
District of Columbia 5.4 (4.8–6.1) 8.3 (7.5–9.2) 7.0 (6.5–7.7)
Duval County, FL 7.2 (5.2–9.9) 11.5 (8.9–14.6) 9.6 (7.4–12.2)
Ft. Worth, TX 30.0 (27.0–33.1) 35.7 (32.5–39.0) 32.7 (30.2–35.3) 4.1 (3.1–5.4) 7.8 (6.1–9.9) 5.9 (4.9–7.1)
Houston, TX 31.8 (28.8–35.0) 36.7 (33.5–40.0) 34.4 (31.9–36.9) 6.9 (5.5–8.5) 11.0 (8.9–13.6) 9.3 (7.8–11.0)
Los Angeles, CA 21.8 (18.8–25.2) 26.6 (22.2–31.6) 24.1 (21.1–27.4) 2.8 (1.8–4.4) 5.4 (3.3–8.6) 4.0 (2.7–6.1)
Miami-Dade County, FL 20.6 (18.0–23.6) 24.0 (21.5–26.6) 22.2 (20.3–24.3) 2.4 (1.4–3.8) 5.2 (3.7–7.2) 3.8 (2.8–5.0)
New York City, NY 20.5 (18.3–22.9) 23.3 (21.1–25.7) 22.0 (20.3–23.8)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 19.6 (16.7–22.9) 22.9 (19.6–26.7) 21.4 (18.9–24.0) 2.8 (1.7–4.5) 6.2 (4.4–8.6) 4.5 (3.4–5.9)
Palm Beach County, FL 28.6 (25.0–32.5) 31.4 (28.2–34.8) 30.4 (27.6–33.3) 4.9 (3.6–6.6) 7.0 (5.5–9.0) 6.4 (5.1–7.9)
Philadelphia, PA 33.4 (29.2–37.9) 32.7 (28.2–37.4) 33.1 (30.6–35.6) 6.0 (4.5–7.8) 7.8 (5.9–10.4) 7.0 (5.8–8.5)
San Diego, CA 24.8 (21.4–28.6) 27.7 (24.5–31.1) 26.4 (23.8–29.1) 3.7 (2.4–5.5) 7.4 (6.1–9.0) 5.7 (4.7–6.8)
San Francisco, CA 22.5 (19.4–25.9) 26.0 (21.6–31.1) 24.4 (21.3–27.7) 5.1 (3.3–7.8) 4.9 (3.5–7.0) 5.4 (4.1–7.0)
Median 24.8   26.7   26.4   4.5   7.6   5.8  
Range (17.8–33.4) (22.9–36.7) (21.4–34.4) (2.4–13.1) (4.9–14.1) (3.8–13.7)

*Even one or two puffs.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 31. Percentage of high school students who currently smoked cigarettes* and who currently frequently smoked cigarettes, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Current cigarette use Current frequent cigarette use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 12.2 (9.1–16.1) 12.7 (10.6–15.0) 12.4 (10.1–15.2) 4.4 (3.0–6.3) 3.6 (2.7–4.9) 4.0 (2.9–5.4)
Black 3.7 (2.5–5.6) 9.1 (6.4–12.7) 6.5 (4.8–8.7) 0.8 (0.4–1.7) 2.6 (1.3–5.2) 1.8 (1.0–3.0)
Hispanic 7.1 (5.7–8.9) 11.3 (9.6–13.4) 9.2 (7.9–10.7) 2.1 (1.2–3.5) 2.2 (1.5–3.2) 2.1 (1.6–2.9)
Grade
9 6.7 (4.7–9.4) 8.3 (6.5–10.6) 7.6 (5.8–9.8) 2.5 (1.3–4.9) 1.9 (1.1–3.2) 2.2 (1.3–3.8)
10 9.1 (6.9–12.1) 8.5 (6.6–10.9) 8.8 (7.0–11.1) 2.7 (1.7–4.2) 3.1 (2.1–4.5) 2.9 (2.0–4.1)
11 10.1 (7.7–13.2) 15.8 (13.6–18.4) 13.1 (11.3–15.0) 2.9 (2.0–4.2) 3.5 (2.3–5.2) 3.2 (2.3–4.4)
12 13.3 (10.8–16.2) 15.0 (11.5–19.2) 14.1 (11.8–16.8) 4.9 (3.3–7.2) 5.4 (3.7–7.9) 5.1 (3.8–6.8)
Total 9.7 (8.1–11.7) 11.8 (10.4–13.4) 10.8 (9.4–12.4) 3.3 (2.4–4.4) 3.4 (2.6–4.6) 3.4 (2.6–4.3)

*On at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
On 20 or more days during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 32. Percentage of high school students who currently smoked cigarettes* and who currently frequently smoked cigarettes, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Current cigarette use Current frequent cigarette use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 14.3 (11.2–18.1) 13.4 (10.7–16.6) 14.0 (11.6–16.8) 3.9 (2.6–5.8) 4.4 (3.1–6.1) 4.2 (3.1–5.5)
Alaska 8.4 (6.0–11.7) 13.3 (10.6–16.7) 11.1 (9.1–13.5) 2.6 (1.2–5.7) 4.6 (2.8–7.3) 3.7 (2.2–6.1)
Arizona 10.2 (7.3–14.0) 9.9 (7.4–13.2) 10.1 (7.9–12.7) 2.2 (1.1–4.1) 2.3 (1.4–3.6) 2.3 (1.4–3.7)
Arkansas 13.4 (10.0–17.6) 18.2 (15.1–21.8) 15.7 (12.4–19.7) 4.4 (2.3–8.4) 7.8 (5.3–11.5) 6.1 (3.7–9.9)
California 6.8 (4.3–10.7) 8.4 (5.3–13.1) 7.7 (5.2–11.3) 1.5 (0.3–6.2) 1.6 (0.7–3.5) 1.5 (0.5–4.3)
Connecticut 8.2 (6.3–10.5) 12.3 (10.1–14.8) 10.3 (8.6–12.3) 1.0 (0.4–2.4) 2.4 (1.6–3.7) 1.7 (1.1–2.6)
Delaware 9.2 (6.5–12.9) 10.3 (8.1–13.1) 9.9 (7.7–12.6) 2.9 (1.4–5.8) 5.0 (3.4–7.2) 4.0 (2.6–6.2)
Florida 7.8 (6.8–9.0) 11.5 (9.9–13.4) 9.9 (8.6–11.3) 2.3 (1.8–3.0) 3.8 (3.1–4.5) 3.2 (2.7–3.7)
Hawaii 8.8 (7.4–10.4) 10.2 (8.9–11.6) 9.7 (8.7–10.9) 1.4 (0.8–2.3) 2.4 (1.8–3.3) 1.9 (1.5–2.6)
Idaho 9.3 (6.9–12.5) 10.1 (7.9–12.8) 9.7 (8.1–11.7) 2.6 (1.5–4.5) 2.7 (1.5–4.8) 2.7 (1.7–4.0)
Illinois 8.4 (6.8–10.5) 11.7 (8.6–15.7) 10.1 (8.6–11.9) 1.8 (0.8–4.1) 3.3 (2.0–5.4) 2.6 (1.6–4.0)
Indiana 10.4 (7.9–13.5) 11.7 (7.8–17.1) 11.2 (8.3–14.8) 3.4 (2.1–5.4) 3.3 (2.1–5.2) 3.4 (2.3–5.0)
Kentucky 18.0 (14.0–22.8) 15.7 (13.2–18.6) 16.9 (14.2–19.9) 6.8 (4.8–9.4) 4.5 (2.9–7.0) 5.7 (4.1–7.8)
Maine 10.5 (9.3–11.8) 11.7 (10.2–13.5) 11.2 (10.1–12.4) 3.8 (3.3–4.5) 5.3 (4.3–6.4) 4.6 (4.0–5.3)
Maryland 7.7 (7.1–8.2) 9.3 (8.8–9.8) 8.7 (8.2–9.1) 1.9 (1.7–2.2) 2.8 (2.5–3.1) 2.4 (2.2–2.6)
Massachusetts 6.7 (5.2–8.6) 8.6 (6.5–11.3) 7.7 (6.1–9.7) 1.8 (1.1–2.9) 2.8 (1.8–4.3) 2.3 (1.5–3.5)
Michigan 7.5 (5.5–10.2) 12.5 (9.5–16.2) 10.0 (7.8–12.6) 2.0 (1.2–3.3) 4.1 (2.4–7.0) 3.0 (1.9–4.7)
Mississippi 12.9 (9.1–17.9) 17.5 (14.1–21.6) 15.2 (12.5–18.4) 4.3 (2.5–7.3) 5.4 (3.5–8.2) 4.8 (3.4–6.9)
Missouri 8.1 (5.3–12.2) 13.7 (10.4–17.8) 11.0 (8.3–14.3) 2.8 (1.5–5.3) 5.7 (3.6–9.0) 4.2 (2.7–6.5)
Montana 13.2 (11.1–15.6) 13.0 (10.9–15.3) 13.1 (11.3–15.1) 3.4 (2.5–4.6) 3.9 (2.9–5.2) 3.6 (2.9–4.6)
Nebraska 12.2 (9.3–15.9) 14.2 (10.8–18.4) 13.3 (10.5–16.7) 3.6 (2.4–5.6) 3.6 (2.2–5.8) 3.7 (2.5–5.4)
Nevada 7.6 (5.1–11.1) 7.3 (5.2–10.0) 7.5 (5.8–9.6) 1.5 (0.6–3.6) 2.5 (1.5–4.3) 2.0 (1.2–3.5)
New Hampshire 8.0 (7.2–8.9) 10.2 (9.3–11.1) 9.3 (8.6–10.0) 2.8 (2.3–3.4) 4.4 (3.9–5.0) 3.7 (3.3–4.2)
New Mexico 9.8 (8.5–11.2) 12.8 (11.5–14.3) 11.4 (10.3–12.5) 2.0 (1.5–2.6) 3.4 (2.8–4.2) 2.7 (2.3–3.2)
New York 7.2 (6.2–8.5) 10.0 (7.3–13.5) 8.8 (7.1–10.9) 2.3 (1.5–3.6) 3.5 (2.2–5.6) 2.9 (2.1–4.0)
North Carolina 10.9 (8.9–13.4) 14.9 (12.3–17.9) 13.1 (11.7–14.6) 2.9 (1.9–4.5) 4.5 (3.2–6.3) 3.8 (2.9–5.0)
North Dakota 11.5 (8.8–14.8) 11.9 (9.7–14.5) 11.7 (9.8–13.9) 4.5 (3.2–6.4) 4.1 (2.9–5.9) 4.3 (3.3–5.7)
Oklahoma 11.3 (7.7–16.2) 15.1 (11.9–19.0) 13.1 (10.4–16.4) 2.5 (1.4–4.3) 4.1 (2.5–6.5) 3.2 (2.1–4.9)
Pennsylvania 10.9 (8.2–14.4) 14.9 (11.8–18.5) 12.9 (10.4–16.0) 3.7 (2.5–5.5) 5.7 (4.0–8.1) 4.7 (3.6–6.1)
Rhode Island 4.5 (3.2–6.5) 5.0 (4.0–6.1) 4.8 (3.9–5.9) 1.6 (1.0–2.6) 1.4 (0.9–2.1) 1.5 (1.1–2.2)
South Carolina 9.6 (7.8–11.7) 9.4 (6.6–13.1) 9.6 (7.6–12.0) 2.6 (1.5–4.2) 2.8 (1.7–4.7) 2.8 (1.9–4.1)
South Dakota 9.5 (5.7–15.4) 10.5 (7.4–14.6) 10.1 (6.8–14.6) 5.0 (2.6–9.2) 4.2 (2.7–6.5) 4.7 (2.9–7.5)
Tennessee 10.1 (8.3–12.2) 12.5 (10.7–14.5) 11.5 (10.0–13.1) 3.6 (2.5–5.2) 4.1 (3.1–5.5) 3.9 (3.2–4.8)
Vermont 9.7 (9.1–10.3) 11.7 (11.1–12.4) 10.8 (10.4–11.2) 3.2 (2.9–3.6) 4.6 (4.2–5.0) 3.9 (3.7–4.2)
Virginia 7.9 (6.2–10.0) 8.6 (6.9–10.6) 8.2 (6.8–9.9) 1.7 (1.0–2.7) 2.8 (1.7–4.4) 2.2 (1.6–3.2)
West Virginia 18.4 (14.5–23.0) 19.2 (15.5–23.4) 18.8 (15.5–22.5) 7.6 (5.8–9.8) 7.3 (5.5–9.6) 7.4 (6.1–9.0)
Wyoming 15.9 (12.8–19.7) 15.4 (12.2–19.2) 15.7 (13.1–18.6) 5.4 (3.7–7.9) 4.5 (3.2–6.3) 5.0 (3.7–6.6)
Median 9.6   11.7   10.8   2.8   4.1   3.6  
Range (4.5–18.4) (5.0–19.2) (4.8–18.8) (1.0–7.6) (1.4–7.8) (1.5–7.4)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 4.7 (2.8–7.8) 7.0 (4.1–11.8) 5.9 (4.0–8.8) 0.5 (0.1–2.0) 1.9 (0.9–4.1) 1.3 (0.7–2.4)
Boston, MA 3.4 (2.4–4.8) 6.0 (4.1–8.7) 4.8 (3.6–6.3) 0.6 (0.3–1.3) 1.6 (0.8–3.1) 1.1 (0.7–1.9)
Broward County, FL 3.3 (1.9–5.6) 5.0 (3.2–7.7) 4.2 (2.9–5.9) 0.5 (0.1–1.7) 0.6 (0.2–2.0) 0.6 (0.3–1.0)
Cleveland, OH 5.7 (4.0–8.1) 9.7 (7.5–12.5) 8.5 (6.8–10.6) 1.4 (0.8–2.5) 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 1.9 (1.3–2.8)
DeKalb County, GA 4.5 (3.3–6.2) 5.4 (3.6–7.9) 5.0 (3.9–6.4) 0.4 (0.2–1.0) 1.9 (1.0–3.5) 1.1 (0.6–2.0)
Detroit, MI 8.7 (5.3–13.9) 8.5 (5.5–12.9) 8.6 (5.6–12.9) 0.3 (0.1–1.5) 1.4 (0.7–2.8) 0.8 (0.4–1.5)
District of Columbia **
Duval County, FL 6.2 (4.9–7.9) 7.3 (6.0–9.0) 7.1 (6.0–8.4) 1.3 (0.8–2.2) 1.6 (0.9–2.7) 1.6 (1.1–2.3)
Ft. Worth, TX 7.1 (5.5–9.1) 10.9 (8.7–13.7) 9.0 (7.5–10.6) 1.2 (0.7–2.1) 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 1.7 (1.2–2.4)
Houston, TX 8.0 (6.3–10.0) 8.9 (7.2–10.9) 8.6 (7.2–10.2) 1.2 (0.7–2.3) 2.1 (1.5–3.1) 1.8 (1.2–2.5)
Los Angeles, CA 3.0 (1.6–5.5) 6.0 (4.1–8.9) 4.5 (3.2–6.2) 0.7 (0.3–1.9) 1.3 (0.8–1.8) 1.0 (0.6–1.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL 4.0 (2.8–5.6) 6.8 (5.2–8.8) 5.4 (4.3–6.6) 0.3 (0.1–0.8) 1.5 (0.8–2.6) 0.9 (0.6–1.5)
New York City, NY 4.7 (3.9–5.7) 6.6 (5.1–8.4) 5.8 (4.7–7.0) 1.0 (0.7–1.5) 1.8 (1.3–2.5) 1.4 (1.1–1.8)
Oakland, CA 4.9 (3.3–7.2) 6.2 (4.5–8.5) 5.8 (4.4–7.5) 1.4 (0.7–2.9) 1.5 (0.8–2.5) 1.4 (0.9–2.4)
Orange County, FL 5.2 (3.6–7.3) 6.2 (4.3–9.0) 5.8 (4.4–7.6) 0.7 (0.2–2.4) 3.0 (1.7–5.3) 1.9 (1.1–3.2)
Palm Beach County, FL 6.5 (5.1–8.4) 7.8 (6.3–9.7) 7.6 (6.3–9.2) 1.5 (0.9–2.6) 2.1 (1.3–3.2) 1.8 (1.3–2.6)
Philadelphia, PA 6.8 (4.8–9.6) 7.0 (5.1–9.8) 7.2 (5.6–9.1) 2.2 (1.2–4.0) 1.8 (1.0–3.2) 2.0 (1.3–2.9)
San Diego, CA 6.0 (4.4–8.0) 8.3 (6.8–10.1) 7.1 (6.0–8.4) 0.5 (0.2–1.1) 2.2 (1.3–3.8) 1.3 (0.8–2.2)
San Francisco, CA 5.0 (3.3–7.4) 5.6 (3.7–8.3) 5.4 (4.0–7.2) 0.8 (0.4–1.7) 1.3 (0.6–2.9) 1.1 (0.6–2.1)
Median 5.1   6.9   5.8   0.7   1.8   1.3  
Range (3.0–8.7) (5.0–10.9) (4.2–9.0) (0.3–2.2) (0.6–3.0) (0.6–2.0)

*On at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
On 20 or more days during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
**Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 33. Percentage of high school students who smoked more than 10 cigarettes/day* and who currently smoked cigarettes daily, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Smoked more than 10 cigarettes/day Currently smoked cigarettes daily
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 5.7 (2.8–11.0) 5.6 (3.5–8.9) 5.7 (4.3–7.6) 3.1 (2.1–4.6) 2.4 (1.6–3.6) 2.8 (1.9–4.0)
Black ** 7.5 (3.4–15.7) 0.4 (0.1–1.3) 2.4 (1.2–4.8) 1.4 (0.8–2.5)
Hispanic 9.7 (4.0–21.8) 9.0 (5.6–14.2) 9.3 (5.4–15.7) 1.4 (0.8–2.4) 1.8 (1.2–2.6) 1.6 (1.1–2.2)
Grade
9 8.4 (3.0–21.6) 5.1 (2.2–11.4) 6.8 (3.3–13.3) 1.9 (0.9–3.7) 1.6 (0.8–3.0) 1.7 (1.0–3.1)
10 6.6 (2.7–15.1) 14.7 (8.8–23.5) 10.4 (7.0–15.3) 1.4 (0.8–2.4) 2.7 (1.8–4.0) 2.1 (1.4–3.1)
11 2.7 (0.7–9.5) 3.6 (1.9–6.9) 3.4 (1.8–6.5) 1.8 (1.3–2.7) 1.8 (1.1–3.0) 1.9 (1.3–2.7)
12 5.4 (2.1–13.6) 12.5 (7.7–19.6) 9.1 (5.6–14.5) 3.5 (2.2–5.6) 3.2 (2.2–4.7) 3.4 (2.4–4.7)
Total 5.9 (3.7–9.4) 9.2 (6.8–12.4) 7.9 (6.2–9.9) 2.2 (1.6–2.9) 2.4 (1.8–3.2) 2.3 (1.7–3.0)

*On the days they smoked during the 30 days before the survey, among the 10.8% of students nationwide who currently smoked cigarettes.
On all 30 days during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.
**Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 34. Percentage of high school students who smoked more than 10 cigarettes/day* and who currently smoked cigarettes daily, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Smoked more than 10 cigarettes/day Currently smoked cigarettes daily
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 7.1 (3.6–13.5) 2.8 (1.8–4.4) 3.8 (2.5–5.6) 3.3 (2.4–4.6)
Alaska 4.7 (2.0–10.5) 1.4 (0.5–3.8) 3.5 (2.1–5.7) 2.6 (1.5–4.3)
Arizona 5.6 (1.6–17.4) 6.1 (1.8–18.8) 5.8 (3.9–8.7) 1.4 (0.7–2.6) 1.5 (1.0–2.4) 1.5 (1.0–2.3)
Arkansas 1.9 (0.8–4.9) 10.6 (6.4–16.9) 6.8 (4.4–10.3) 4.0 (1.9–8.1) 5.7 (2.7–11.6) 4.8 (2.4–9.7)
California 4.6 (2.0–10.3) 1.0 (0.2–5.6) 1.0 (0.4–2.5) 1.0 (0.3–3.2)
Connecticut 0.8 (0.3–2.0) 1.7 (1.1–2.7) 1.2 (0.8–2.0)
Delaware 8.6 (3.8–18.6) 12.3 (7.3–20.0) 11.9 (8.6–16.3) 2.4 (1.1–5.5) 3.2 (2.1–4.9) 2.9 (1.8–4.7)
Florida 2.0 (1.5–2.6) 3.0 (2.5–3.7) 2.6 (2.2–3.1)
Hawaii 1.0 (0.6–1.8) 1.5 (0.9–2.3) 1.2 (0.8–1.8)
Idaho 2.0 (0.6–6.0) 1.9 (0.9–3.8) 2.1 (1.2–4.0) 2.0 (1.2–3.2)
Illinois 3.5 (1.3–8.7) 11.4 (6.8–18.4) 8.6 (5.9–12.3) 1.1 (0.5–2.4) 2.9 (1.7–5.0) 2.0 (1.3–3.2)
Indiana 8.7 (4.4–16.7) 2.8 (1.7–4.7) 2.6 (1.3–4.9) 2.8 (1.7–4.5)
Kentucky 5.2 (2.3–11.4) 8.6 (5.5–13.1) 6.8 (4.6–9.9) 5.5 (3.7–8.1) 3.6 (2.2–5.9) 4.6 (3.2–6.7)
Maine 8.8 (6.1–12.4) 18.9 (14.6–24.0) 14.6 (12.2–17.3) 2.8 (2.4–3.3) 4.2 (3.3–5.2) 3.6 (3.1–4.1)
Maryland 7.4 (6.0–9.1) 14.4 (12.8–16.2) 11.3 (10.3–12.5) 1.4 (1.2–1.5) 2.1 (1.9–2.4) 1.8 (1.6–1.9)
Massachusetts 1.2 (0.6–2.3) 2.1 (1.3–3.3) 1.7 (1.0–2.7)
Michigan 7.3 (3.0–17.0) 9.8 (4.1–21.7) 8.8 (5.0–15.2) 1.6 (0.9–3.1) 2.4 (1.2–4.6) 2.0 (1.2–3.3)
Mississippi 3.3 (1.2–8.7) 11.3 (6.4–19.2) 7.7 (4.5–12.9) 3.3 (1.7–6.3) 3.9 (2.4–6.2) 3.6 (2.3–5.6)
Missouri 1.8 (0.9–3.8) 4.4 (2.5–7.6) 3.1 (1.9–5.1)
Montana 2.2 (1.0–4.7) 8.7 (5.8–12.7) 5.5 (3.9–7.5) 1.9 (1.3–2.9) 2.5 (1.8–3.4) 2.2 (1.7–2.9)
Nebraska 8.5 (4.0–17.2) 8.0 (4.6–13.4) 2.1 (1.2–3.6) 2.9 (1.7–5.0) 2.6 (1.6–4.0)
Nevada 7.1 (3.2–15.0) 1.2 (0.4–3.5) 2.2 (1.2–4.0) 1.7 (0.9–3.1)
New Hampshire 9.1 (5.7–14.3) 17.3 (14.4–20.5) 14.2 (11.9–17.0) 2.0 (1.6–2.5) 3.4 (2.9–3.9) 2.8 (2.4–3.2)
New Mexico 1.9 (1.1–3.3) 10.0 (7.3–13.6) 6.5 (4.8–8.7) 1.5 (1.1–2.0) 2.8 (2.3–3.4) 2.1 (1.8–2.6)
New York 7.2 (2.6–18.3) 15.2 (8.8–25.0) 11.6 (7.6–17.5) 1.2 (0.8–2.0) 2.4 (1.3–4.3) 1.8 (1.2–2.7)
North Carolina 2.1 (1.3–3.3) 3.8 (2.6–5.5) 3.1 (2.3–4.1)
North Dakota 3.0 (1.8–4.8) 3.4 (2.2–5.1) 3.2 (2.3–4.5)
Oklahoma 3.5 (1.2–10.3) 2.4 (1.0–6.1) 1.5 (0.7–3.1) 3.3 (1.9–5.6) 2.4 (1.4–3.9)
Pennsylvania 6.2 (3.1–12.0) 9.3 (4.7–17.5) 8.0 (4.9–13.0) 2.3 (1.3–4.1) 3.7 (2.5–5.5) 3.0 (2.2–4.2)
Rhode Island 11.7 (5.8–22.0) 1.0 (0.5–1.9) 1.1 (0.6–2.2) 1.1 (0.7–1.7)
South Carolina 8.5 (4.9–14.4) 2.1 (1.2–3.6) 2.0 (1.0–3.7) 2.0 (1.3–3.0)
South Dakota 11.5 (5.9–21.1) 3.7 (1.9–7.3) 3.0 (1.9–4.7) 3.3 (2.0–5.6)
Tennessee 4.1 (2.2–7.7) 15.2 (9.8–22.8) 10.8 (7.6–15.1) 2.3 (1.5–3.6) 3.2 (2.2–4.5) 2.8 (2.1–3.7)
Vermont 9.2 (7.5–11.3) 13.0 (11.2–15.1) 11.7 (10.4–13.2) 2.4 (2.1–2.8) 3.5 (3.1–3.8) 3.0 (2.7–3.2)
Virginia 6.1 (3.2–11.4) 4.9 (2.4–9.9) 5.5 (3.4–8.8) 1.4 (0.9–2.4) 1.8 (1.1–3.0) 1.6 (1.1–2.3)
West Virginia 8.8 (5.4–14.1) 11.3 (7.0–17.8) 10.1 (7.2–14.0) 6.1 (4.6–7.9) 4.7 (3.3–6.7) 5.4 (4.4–6.6)
Wyoming 9.0 (4.7–16.5) 12.7 (7.5–20.5) 10.9 (6.9–16.8) 4.3 (2.8–6.6) 3.2 (2.1–5.1) 3.8 (2.6–5.4)
Median 6.2   11.3   8.3   2.0   3.0   2.6  
Range (1.9–9.2) (3.5–18.9) (2.0–14.6) (0.8–6.1) (1.0–5.7) (1.0–5.4)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 0.5 (0.1–2.0) 1.1 (0.4–3.2) 0.9 (0.4–1.9)
Boston, MA 0.4 (0.2–0.9) 1.1 (0.5–2.3) 0.8 (0.4–1.4)
Broward County, FL 0.2 (0.0–1.1) 0.5 (0.1–2.0) 0.3 (0.1–1.1)
Cleveland, OH 1.3 (0.7–2.5) 1.6 (0.9–2.8) 1.6 (1.0–2.4)
DeKalb County, GA 0.4 (0.2–1.0) 1.2 (0.5–2.5) 0.8 (0.4–1.5)
Detroit, MI 0.9 (0.1–6.5) 0.2 (0.0–0.7) 0.6 (0.2–1.4) 0.4 (0.2–0.8)
District of Columbia
Duval County, FL 7.7 (3.2–17.4) 9.8 (6.3–14.7) 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 1.4 (0.8–2.5) 1.1 (0.7–1.8)
Ft. Worth, TX 3.6 (1.3–9.4) 3.1 (1.4–6.7) 0.6 (0.3–1.2) 1.8 (1.1–3.0) 1.2 (0.8–1.8)
Houston, TX 9.0 (4.4–17.4) 6.5 (3.1–13.0) 8.3 (4.8–14.1) 0.7 (0.3–1.6) 1.2 (0.7–1.9) 1.0 (0.6–1.7)
Los Angeles, CA 12.8 (6.5–23.5) 0.6 (0.2–1.6) 1.0 (0.6–1.5) 0.8 (0.4–1.4)
Miami-Dade County, FL 11.2 (5.2–22.5) 0.3 (0.1–0.8) 1.2 (0.6–2.3) 0.8 (0.4–1.4)
New York City, NY 6.9 (2.4–18.0) 10.7 (6.9–16.0) 8.8 (5.9–13.0) 0.6 (0.4–1.1) 1.2 (0.8–1.7) 0.9 (0.7–1.2)
Oakland, CA 5.5 (2.2–13.2) 1.2 (0.5–2.6) 0.7 (0.3–1.7) 0.9 (0.5–1.8)
Orange County, FL 0.7 (0.2–2.4) 2.3 (1.3–4.1) 1.5 (0.9–2.7)
Palm Beach County, FL 10.5 (5.8–18.5) 1.2 (0.6–2.2) 1.7 (1.1–2.7) 1.5 (1.0–2.2)
Philadelphia, PA 8.2 (3.8–16.6) 1.6 (0.8–3.2) 1.1 (0.5–2.3) 1.3 (0.8–2.1)
San Diego, CA 7.2 (3.5–14.3) 0.3 (0.1–1.0) 1.5 (0.9–2.5) 0.9 (0.6–1.5)
San Francisco, CA 2.9 (1.2–6.5) 0.3 (0.1–0.9) 1.0 (0.5–2.1) 0.7 (0.3–1.3)
Median 7.7   6.5   8.2   0.6   1.2   0.9  
Range (6.9–9.0) (3.6–10.7) (0.9–12.8) (0.2–1.6) (0.5–2.3) (0.3–1.6)

*On the days they smoked during the 30 days before the survey, among students who currently smoked cigarettes.
On all 30 days during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 35. Percentage of high school students who usually obtained their own cigarettes by buying them in a store or gas station* and who usually obtained their own cigarettes by buying them on the internet,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Bought cigarettes in a store or gas station Bought cigarettes on the internet
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White§ 6.6 (3.6–11.8) 12.8 (8.8–18.3) 9.7 (6.9–13.6) 0.1 (0.0–0.4) 0.2 (0.0–1.2) 0.1 (0.0–0.6)
Black§
Hispanic 9.8 (5.4–17.1) 21.9 (14.9–31.0) 17.5 (12.7–23.7) 0.6 (0.1–4.7) 0.9 (0.3–2.6) 0.8 (0.3–2.0)
Grade
9 6.4 (2.4–16.3) 6.2 (2.8–13.2) 6.3 (3.4–11.4) 0.0 (.–.) 0.3 (0.0–2.5) 0.2 (0.0–1.5)
10 5.6 (2.2–13.1) 6.7 (3.3–12.9) 6.1 (3.2–11.2) 0.4 (0.1–1.8) 2.5 (0.4–15.2) 1.3 (0.3–6.7)
11 8.8 (4.6–16.3) 27.1 (18.6–37.7) 20.2 (14.2–27.7) 0.0 (.–.) 0.5 (0.2–1.7) 0.5 (0.2–1.6)
12 10.7 (5.0–21.6) 22.8 (13.9–35.0) 16.5 (11.2–23.7) 0.9 (0.1–6.3) 3.8 (0.9–15.0) 2.3 (0.7–7.6)
Total 7.7 (4.8–12.2) 16.5 (12.7–21.2) 12.6 (9.7–16.1) 0.3 (0.1–1.0) 1.4 (0.5–3.7) 1.0 (0.4–2.1)

*During the 30 days before the survey, among the 8.5% of students nationwide who currently smoked cigarettes and who were aged <18 years.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 36. Percentage of high school students who usually obtained their own cigarettes by buying them in a store or gas station* and who usually obtained their own cigarettes by buying them on the internet,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Bought cigarettes in a store or gas station Bought cigarettes on the internet
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama § 13.5 (7.4–23.4) 3.9 (1.4–10.5)
Alaska 4.4 (1.9–10.0) 0.9 (0.1–6.5)
Arizona 2.9 (0.8–10.4) 10.0 (4.2–21.9) 1.0 (0.1–6.9) 0.5 (0.1–3.6)
Arkansas 1.1 (0.4–3.0) 14.6 (8.5–24.0) 8.4 (5.3–13.2) 0.8 (0.2–3.7) 0.4 (0.1–1.2) 0.6 (0.2–1.7)
California
Connecticut
Delaware 20.6 (12.4–32.3) 0.0 (-–-)
Florida
Hawaii
Idaho 11.6 (6.3–20.4) 1.0 (0.2–5.8)
Illinois 12.2 (5.9–23.6) 11.3 (6.4–19.1) 0.6 (0.1–2.6) 0.3 (0.1–1.3)
Indiana 6.0 (2.7–12.7) 0.0 (-–-)
Kentucky 14.5 (7.9–25.2) 26.8 (18.7–36.7) 20.2 (13.9–28.5) 1.2 (0.2–7.2) 0.7 (0.1–4.1) 1.0 (0.3–3.7)
Maine 4.3 (2.6–7.0) 9.6 (6.7–13.5) 6.9 (5.3–8.9) 1.0 (0.4–2.8) 3.0 (1.5–6.0) 2.2 (1.3–3.7)
Maryland 10.4 (8.9–12.2) 23.9 (21.6–26.3) 17.4 (16.0–18.9) 2.8 (2.0–3.9) 5.6 (4.3–7.2) 4.9 (4.0–6.0)
Massachusetts
Michigan 15.2 (6.5–31.4) 18.8 (9.1–34.9) 17.4 (9.6–29.4) 2.5 (0.4–14.4) 5.0 (1.4–16.3) 4.0 (1.4–10.7)
Mississippi 29.4 (21.2–39.3) 19.2 (14.1–25.5) 9.5 (4.3–19.9) 6.0 (2.7–12.6)
Missouri 14.4 (8.8–22.5) 1.6 (0.4–5.9)
Montana 3.5 (1.5–8.1) 13.8 (10.4–18.1) 8.4 (6.2–11.4) 0.0 1.7 (0.5–5.0) 0.8 (0.3–2.3)
Nebraska 9.7 (6.0–15.5) 2.0 (0.5–8.1)
Nevada
New Hampshire 7.3 (5.0–10.5) 18.8 (15.3–22.7) 13.6 (11.4–16.0) 1.7 (0.8–3.9) 2.7 (1.6–4.5) 2.4 (1.5–3.6)
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota 16.9 (10.8–25.4) 0.6 (0.2–2.5)
Oklahoma 9.0 (4.8–16.4) 0.0 (-–-)
Pennsylvania 3.1 (1.1–8.7) 23.4 (15.2–34.2) 15.1 (10.0–22.1) 2.1 (0.4–9.3) 1.6 (0.3–8.8) 1.8 (0.5–5.7)
Rhode Island 20.5 (8.9–40.3) 1.2 (0.6–2.6)
South Carolina 13.9 (6.3–28.0) 2.4 (0.4–12.0)
South Dakota 5.1 (2.2–11.5) 0.5 (0.1–4.0)
Tennessee 7.6 (4.9–11.5) 14.4 (8.6–23.2) 11.2 (7.6–16.2) 1.2 (0.3–4.4) 2.2 (0.9–5.0) 2.0 (1.0–4.3)
Vermont 4.2 (3.0–5.9) 12.1 (10.0–14.5) 8.5 (7.2–10.0) 1.4 (0.8–2.5) 2.1 (1.3–3.3) 1.7 (1.2–2.5)
Virginia 11.6 (5.5–22.8) 19.4 (12.4–29.1) 15.7 (10.5–22.9) 0.0 1.1 (0.2–6.1) 0.6 (0.1–3.2)
West Virginia 7.6 (3.6–15.3) 15.9 (9.3–25.9) 11.7 (8.1–16.7) 1.7 (0.5–5.4) 6.0 (1.1–26.5) 3.8 (1.1–12.4)
Wyoming 2.8 (1.2–6.5) 11.6 (7.1–18.5) 7.3 (4.6–11.2) 0.9 (0.2–3.7) 0.0 0.5 (0.1–1.9)
Median 5.8   15.9   11.6   1.2   2.1   1.1  
Range (1.1–15.2) (9.6–29.4) (4.4–20.6) (0.0–2.8) (0.0–9.5) (0.0–6.0)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD
Boston, MA
Broward County, FL
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA
Detroit, MI 64.5 (52.2–75.2) 2.4 (0.8–7.3)
District of Columbia
Duval County, FL 14.9 (9.6–22.4) 5.5 (2.7–10.8)
Ft. Worth, TX 31.7 (23.9–40.7) 1.7 (0.4–6.9)
Houston, TX 22.0 (15.6–30.0) 5.9 (2.8–11.8)
Los Angeles, CA
Miami-Dade County, FL 22.5 (14.9–32.6) 2.4 (0.8–6.9)
New York City, NY
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL
Palm Beach County, FL
Philadelphia, PA
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
Median     22.5       2.4  
Range (14.9–64.5) (1.7–5.9)

*During the 30 days before the survey, among students who currently smoked cigarettes and who were aged <18 years.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 37. Percentage of high school students who tried to quit smoking cigarettes,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity            
White§ 51.0 (45.7–56.3) 37.9 (31.2–45.0) 44.1 (38.8–49.5)
Black§
Hispanic 56.4 (46.3–66.1) 45.3 (37.8–53.0) 49.6 (44.2–55.0)
Grade
9 47.3 (36.7–58.1) 48.2 (41.1–55.5) 47.8 (41.2–54.5)
10 57.0 (46.1–67.2) 45.7 (32.2–59.9) 51.6 (41.4–61.7)
11 52.2 (41.4–62.8) 29.9 (22.6–38.3) 37.9 (30.7–45.6)
12 54.1 (46.0–61.9) 42.0 (34.4–50.1) 47.7 (42.4–53.1)
Total 52.8 (48.5–57.0) 39.7 (34.6–45.0) 45.4 (41.3–49.5)

*During the 12 months before the survey, among the 10.8% of students nationwide who currently smoked cigarettes.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 38. Percentage of high school students who tried to quit smoking cigarettes,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
State surveys            
Alabama § 49.3 (41.4–57.3)
Alaska 59.5 (47.4–70.5)
Arizona 51.3 (37.9–64.5) 46.3 (33.9–59.2) 49.2 (39.4–59.0)
Arkansas 62.1 (51.2–72.0) 55.6 (45.6–65.1) 58.4 (50.5–65.9)
California 35.2 (25.8–45.8)
Connecticut
Delaware 45.1 (34.4–56.3) 49.2 (40.8–57.6)
Florida
Hawaii
Idaho 48.0 (38.7–57.5)
Illinois 59.0 (45.3–71.5) 49.8 (41.4–58.3) 53.8 (46.1–61.2)
Indiana 49.7 (39.9–59.4)
Kentucky 53.0 (44.8–60.9) 44.7 (35.1–54.8) 49.0 (42.9–55.1)
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan 63.2 (53.5–72.0) 45.2 (35.7–55.0) 52.0 (44.7–59.1)
Mississippi 51.9 (39.3–64.3) 47.6 (38.5–56.9) 49.6 (41.1–58.1)
Missouri 46.0 (36.6–55.7)
Montana 59.5 (50.2–68.1) 40.7 (35.0–46.7) 50.0 (43.5–56.5)
Nebraska 48.7 (40.6–56.9)
Nevada
New Hampshire 49.8 (44.7–54.9) 44.2 (40.2–48.4) 46.2 (43.3–49.1)
New Mexico 54.2 (46.5–61.8) 50.8 (46.3–55.3) 52.1 (47.8–56.4)
New York
North Carolina 38.7 (23.7–56.2) 50.3 (36.5–64.0) 45.5 (34.2–57.4)
North Dakota 53.1 (43.0–62.9) 41.8 (31.6–52.7) 47.4 (40.9–53.9)
Oklahoma 47.7 (36.0–59.7) 52.3 (43.3–61.2)
Pennsylvania 53.7 (44.3–62.8) 48.2 (40.0–56.5) 50.5 (44.2–56.8)
Rhode Island 46.0 (32.9–59.6)
South Carolina 50.3 (40.3–60.2)
South Dakota 50.6 (39.3–61.8)
Tennessee 50.4 (42.3–58.4) 47.7 (38.9–56.6) 48.9 (43.2–54.6)
Vermont 43.4 (40.3–46.7) 41.3 (38.4–44.2) 42.2 (40.1–44.3)
Virginia 52.2 (43.1–61.1) 45.3 (35.6–55.3) 48.5 (41.2–55.8)
West Virginia 50.8 (40.6–61.0) 45.9 (34.9–57.2) 48.4 (41.2–55.6)
Wyoming 51.5 (42.3–60.6) 53.9 (43.5–64.0) 52.8 (47.2–58.3)
Median 52.2   46.3   49.2  
Range (38.7–63.2) (40.7–55.6) (35.2–59.5)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD
Boston, MA
Broward County, FL
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA
Detroit, MI 81.8 (69.0–90.0)
District of Columbia
Duval County, FL 51.5 (43.2–59.7)
Ft. Worth, TX 44.1 (32.5–56.4) 48.7 (39.6–57.9)
Houston, TX 58.9 (48.1–68.9) 57.8 (46.3–68.6) 58.4 (50.1–66.2)
Los Angeles, CA 46.9 (35.5–58.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL 40.1 (30.6–50.4)
New York City, NY
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL
Palm Beach County, FL 39.9 (29.1–51.8)
Philadelphia, PA
San Diego, CA 35.7 (27.9–44.3)
San Francisco, CA 41.6 (30.1–54.1)
Median 58.9   50.9   46.9  
Range (58.9–58.9) (44.1–57.8) (35.7–81.8)

*During the 12 months before the survey, among students who currently smoked cigarettes.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 39. Percentage of high school students who currently used smokeless tobacco* and who currently smoked cigars, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Current smokeless tobacco use Current cigar use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 2.5 (1.6–4.0) 15.9 (13.3–18.9) 9.3 (7.5–11.4) 6.0 (4.4–8.1) 14.8 (12.5–17.5) 10.4 (8.7–12.5)
Black 1.1 (0.5–2.3) 5.6 (3.5–8.9) 3.7 (2.4–5.5) 8.5 (6.2–11.5) 12.9 (9.3–17.6) 11.0 (8.4–14.4)
Hispanic 2.5 (1.6–4.0) 6.4 (4.6–9.0) 4.5 (3.3–6.2) 6.5 (4.9–8.8) 12.4 (10.0–15.2) 9.5 (7.7–11.7)
Grade
9 2.4 (1.5–4.0) 8.8 (6.8–11.3) 5.9 (4.6–7.5) 4.1 (3.0–5.6) 8.5 (6.9–10.6) 6.6 (5.4–7.9)
10 2.0 (1.2–3.3) 10.6 (7.9–13.9) 6.3 (4.7–8.3) 6.6 (4.8–9.1) 12.5 (9.6–16.0) 9.6 (7.6–12.1)
11 2.9 (1.9–4.3) 15.0 (12.5–17.8) 9.3 (7.8–11.0) 6.3 (4.7–8.4) 15.1 (12.6–18.0) 11.0 (9.2–13.2)
12 1.7 (1.0–2.9) 13.1 (9.9–17.1) 7.5 (5.8–9.5) 8.1 (6.0–10.9) 20.4 (16.3–25.2) 14.3 (11.6–17.5)
Total 2.3 (1.7–3.2) 11.9 (10.0–14.0) 7.3 (6.1–8.6) 6.3 (5.1–7.9) 14.0 (12.3–15.8) 10.3 (9.0–11.8)

*Chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
Cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 40. Percentage of high school students who currently used smokeless tobacco* and who currently smoked cigars, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Current smokeless tobacco use Current cigar use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 4.5 (2.8–7.2) 19.6 (16.2–23.6) 12.5 (9.7–15.8) 10.7 (8.3–13.6) 15.5 (13.1–18.3) 13.4 (11.3–15.9)
Alaska 8.2 (5.4–12.2) 14.7 (11.2–19.1) 11.7 (8.8–15.5) 3.7 (2.2–6.0) 9.9 (7.6–12.8) 7.1 (5.6–8.9)
Arizona 2.8 (1.7–4.7) 9.5 (6.5–13.7) 6.2 (4.2–9.0) 6.5 (4.3–9.9) 13.4 (10.5–17.0) 10.1 (7.8–12.9)
Arkansas 3.5 (2.4–5.0) 17.2 (12.9–22.6) 10.6 (8.5–13.2) 10.6 (7.8–14.3) 17.5 (13.7–22.1) 14.2 (11.9–17.0)
California 1.1 (0.5–2.2) 4.8 (2.7–8.4) 3.0 (1.8–4.8) 4.6 (2.7–7.7) 8.9 (6.4–12.3) 6.8 (4.9–9.2)
Connecticut
Delaware 1.2 (0.7–2.0) 7.7 (5.7–10.2) 4.5 (3.5–5.7) 8.0 (5.8–11.0) 13.3 (10.8–16.2) 10.9 (8.9–13.3)
Florida
Hawaii
Idaho 2.0 (1.1–3.6) 14.3 (11.3–18.0) 8.3 (6.7–10.3) 5.2 (3.3–8.1) 11.1 (8.7–14.0) 8.2 (6.6–10.2)
Illinois 2.5 (1.6–3.9) 8.4 (6.2–11.2) 5.6 (4.3–7.3) 5.3 (4.0–7.0) 13.2 (10.4–16.5) 9.4 (7.9–11.0)
Indiana 2.6 (1.6–4.2) 15.7 (9.8–24.3) 9.4 (5.9–14.7) 7.7 (5.8–10.2) 14.8 (11.6–18.8) 11.4 (9.1–14.3)
Kentucky 3.6 (2.2–5.8) 21.1 (17.2–25.6) 12.6 (10.4–15.2) 10.2 (7.4–13.9) 17.1 (14.6–19.9) 14.0 (11.7–16.6)
Maine 1.6 (1.1–2.2) 8.3 (7.1–9.6) 5.1 (4.5–5.9) 4.8 (4.1–5.7) 12.3 (10.7–14.1) 8.8 (7.8–9.9)
Maryland 2.7 (2.4–2.9) 8.3 (7.7–8.8) 5.8 (5.4–6.1) 7.8 (7.3–8.4) 12.3 (11.7–12.9) 10.3 (9.9–10.8)
Massachusetts 1.9 (1.1–3.2) 9.0 (7.0–11.4) 5.5 (4.4–7.0) 5.3 (4.1–6.7) 15.4 (12.6–18.6) 10.4 (8.6–12.5)
Michigan 2.0 (1.2–3.2) 10.4 (7.3–14.6) 6.2 (4.5–8.6) 5.0 (3.4–7.4) 13.2 (10.3–16.9) 9.2 (7.4–11.4)
Mississippi 4.2 (2.8–6.2) 18.4 (15.4–21.8) 11.6 (9.8–13.6) 12.6 (10.1–15.7) 20.2 (16.6–24.5) 16.5 (14.2–18.9)
Missouri 2.9 (1.8–4.6) 17.0 (12.6–22.7) 10.0 (7.1–13.8) 7.1 (4.6–10.7) 17.1 (13.4–21.7) 12.1 (9.1–16.0)
Montana 4.5 (3.6–5.6) 19.6 (17.4–21.9) 12.3 (11.0–13.7) 8.2 (6.9–9.6) 16.8 (14.9–18.9) 12.6 (11.4–14.0)
Nebraska 3.2 (2.0–5.1) 14.9 (11.9–18.6) 9.3 (7.4–11.7) 4.9 (3.0–7.7) 11.0 (8.4–14.2) 8.1 (6.3–10.3)
Nevada 1.8 (1.0–3.2) 8.2 (6.8–9.9) 5.1 (4.2–6.2) 5.3 (3.7–7.6) 8.6 (6.6–11.0) 7.1 (5.7–8.8)
New Hampshire 1.6 (1.2–2.0) 9.9 (8.7–11.2) 6.0 (5.3–6.7) 5.8 (5.1–6.7) 15.6 (14.3–17.1) 11.0 (10.0–12.0)
New Mexico 2.9 (2.3–3.8) 14.2 (12.1–16.6) 8.7 (7.4–10.1) 7.3 (6.4–8.3) 13.5 (12.0–15.2) 10.5 (9.5–11.5)
New York 3.3 (2.5–4.3) 9.5 (8.0–11.1) 6.7 (5.9–7.6) 6.6 (4.9–8.8) 13.4 (10.9–16.2) 10.2 (8.6–12.1)
North Carolina 1.8 (1.0–3.3) 14.9 (10.8–20.2) 8.6 (6.4–11.4)
North Dakota 3.1 (2.0–4.6) 17.6 (15.0–20.6) 10.6 (9.0–12.3) 4.9 (3.7–6.6) 13.2 (10.9–15.9) 9.2 (7.8–10.8)
Oklahoma 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 16.2 (12.7–20.3) 9.0 (7.0–11.5) 4.7 (3.2–7.0) 14.0 (10.8–18.1) 9.4 (7.3–12.1)
Pennsylvania 2.6 (1.7–4.0) 16.0 (12.4–20.5) 9.5 (7.4–12.1) 6.7 (5.0–8.9) 18.2 (15.1–21.8) 12.5 (10.6–14.7)
Rhode Island 2.2 (1.2–4.3) 8.0 (5.8–11.0) 5.3 (3.9–7.2) 4.7 (3.7–6.0) 11.7 (9.3–14.6) 8.4 (7.3–9.8)
South Carolina 3.0 (2.1–4.4) 11.0 (8.2–14.7) 7.2 (5.3–9.6) 9.6 (6.7–13.5) 12.6 (9.0–17.3) 11.2 (8.7–14.4)
South Dakota 4.0 (2.7–5.8) 18.9 (14.1–24.9) 11.7 (9.0–15.2) 7.1 (4.8–10.5) 11.7 (8.2–16.4) 9.6 (6.9–13.2)
Tennessee 2.7 (1.9–3.7) 18.5 (16.6–20.6) 11.0 (9.8–12.3) 7.9 (6.8–9.3) 13.5 (11.8–15.5) 11.0 (9.9–12.1)
Vermont 2.5 (2.2–2.8) 10.8 (10.3–11.5) 6.9 (6.5–7.2) 6.1 (5.6–6.6) 14.5 (13.8–15.2) 10.4 (10.0–10.9)
Virginia 2.0 (1.5–2.8) 8.7 (7.1–10.7) 5.5 (4.5–6.7) 5.5 (4.3–6.9) 9.2 (7.7–11.0) 7.4 (6.4–8.7)
West Virginia 3.5 (2.4–5.2) 22.8 (18.6–27.7) 13.4 (10.9–16.3) 10.2 (8.0–12.9) 17.5 (14.7–20.7) 13.9 (11.6–16.5)
Wyoming 5.5 (4.1–7.3) 17.2 (14.3–20.6) 11.6 (9.8–13.7) 9.6 (7.6–11.9) 15.4 (12.3–19.1) 12.6 (10.6–15.0)
Median 2.7   14.5   8.6   6.6   13.4   10.4  
Range (1.1–8.2) (4.8–22.8) (3.0–13.4) (3.7–12.6) (8.6–20.2) (6.8–16.5)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 3.5 (2.2–5.5) 8.9 (5.9–13.3) 7.5 (5.2–10.7) 13.2 (9.1–18.9) 14.6 (10.5–20.0) 14.9 (11.6–19.0)
Boston, MA 0.8 (0.3–2.3) 3.7 (2.5–5.3) 2.4 (1.7–3.3) 3.8 (2.6–5.7) 6.8 (5.1–9.1) 5.4 (4.2–6.9)
Broward County, FL 1.7 (0.9–3.4) 5.5 (3.6–8.4) 3.7 (2.6–5.2) 4.0 (2.7–6.0) 9.8 (7.3–13.1) 7.1 (5.6–9.1)
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA 1.0 (0.5–2.1) 5.7 (4.1–7.9) 3.4 (2.4–4.7) 7.7 (5.8–10.1) 11.6 (9.6–14.0) 9.7 (8.1–11.7)
Detroit, MI 3.6 (2.5–5.1) 8.1 (6.0–10.8) 6.1 (4.9–7.6) 6.7 (5.2–8.6) 12.0 (9.5–15.1) 9.3 (7.7–11.2)
District of Columbia 9.6 (8.9–10.5) 12.9 (11.9–13.9) 11.5 (10.8–12.1)
Duval County, FL 4.5 (3.5–5.9) 10.5 (8.3–13.2) 7.8 (6.4–9.5) 9.8 (7.8–12.2) 14.8 (12.0–18.1) 12.8 (10.6–15.3)
Ft. Worth, TX 1.4 (0.8–2.6) 5.0 (3.7–6.8) 3.2 (2.4–4.2) 7.8 (6.2–9.7) 10.4 (8.5–12.7) 9.0 (7.8–10.5)
Houston, TX 5.6 (4.2–7.5) 7.8 (6.4–9.4) 7.1 (5.9–8.5) 11.6 (10.1–13.4) 14.3 (12.4–16.4) 13.3 (12.0–14.8)
Los Angeles, CA 1.8 (1.1–3.1) 3.5 (2.2–5.5) 2.6 (1.7–4.1) 3.3 (2.1–5.1) 5.5 (3.7–8.0) 4.4 (3.0–6.4)
Miami-Dade County, FL 1.4 (0.8–2.3) 4.8 (3.5–6.7) 3.1 (2.2–4.4) 3.0 (2.1–4.3) 9.2 (7.3–11.5) 6.1 (5.0–7.4)
New York City, NY 1.6 (1.2–2.1) 4.4 (3.6–5.3) 3.1 (2.7–3.7) 3.4 (2.8–4.2) 7.7 (6.5–9.2) 5.7 (4.9–6.7)
Oakland, CA 1.2 (0.7–2.1) 4.0 (2.3–7.1) 2.9 (1.9–4.5) 4.1 (2.9–5.9) 8.1 (6.1–10.6) 6.3 (5.1–7.8)
Orange County, FL 2.7 (1.7–4.2) 7.8 (5.3–11.3) 5.4 (3.9–7.3) 5.3 (3.8–7.3) 10.5 (8.0–13.8) 8.0 (6.4–9.9)
Palm Beach County, FL 2.8 (1.6–4.9) 8.1 (6.2–10.6) 6.4 (4.8–8.4) 6.8 (5.0–9.1) 12.5 (10.2–15.3) 10.4 (8.8–12.2)
Philadelphia, PA 3.7 (2.5–5.5) 7.4 (4.9–11.2) 5.8 (4.2–8.1) 8.9 (6.3–12.3) 11.8 (8.6–15.8) 10.5 (8.1–13.6)
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
Median 1.8   5.7   3.7   6.7   11.0   9.1  
Range (0.8–5.6) (3.5–10.5) (2.4–7.8) (3.0–13.2) (5.5–14.8) (4.4–14.9)

*Chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
Cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 41. Percentage of high school students who ever used electronic vapor products* and who currently used electronic vapor products,*,† by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Ever used electronic vapor products Current electronic vapor products use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 42.3 (36.6–48.3) 44.0 (39.9–48.2) 43.2 (38.8–47.6) 24.2 (20.6–28.3) 26.3 (23.3–29.6) 25.2 (22.2–28.5)
Black 37.7 (32.0–43.8) 46.5 (38.6–54.5) 42.4 (37.1–47.8) 14.5 (11.8–17.7) 21.2 (16.2–27.1) 18.0 (14.9–21.7)
Hispanic 51.2 (47.7–54.8) 52.6 (49.0–56.1) 51.9 (49.2–54.6) 25.0 (21.9–28.5) 27.4 (24.0–31.1) 26.3 (23.6–29.1)
Grade
9 37.4 (33.0–42.1) 37.0 (33.3–40.9) 37.2 (33.7–40.7) 19.8 (16.6–23.3) 19.6 (17.1–22.5) 19.7 (17.4–22.2)
10 41.2 (34.8–47.9) 45.3 (40.3–50.5) 43.3 (37.8–49.0) 22.3 (19.4–25.6) 24.2 (20.5–28.3) 23.2 (20.3–26.4)
11 47.8 (42.7–53.1) 51.1 (47.0–55.2) 49.5 (45.7–53.2) 24.1 (20.7–27.9) 27.4 (24.1–31.0) 25.9 (23.1–28.9)
12 49.0 (44.9–53.0) 52.6 (46.7–58.5) 50.9 (47.6–54.1) 24.6 (21.2–28.2) 31.9 (27.0–37.3) 28.2 (25.1–31.5)
Total 43.6 (39.8–47.5) 46.1 (42.8–49.4) 44.9 (41.9–48.0) 22.6 (20.6–24.8) 25.6 (23.0–28.4) 24.1 (22.1–26.2)

*Including e-cigarettes, e-cigars, e-pipes, vape pipes, vaping pens, e-hookahs, and hookah pens.
On at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 42. Percentage of high school students who ever used electronic vapor products* and who currently used electronic vapor products,*,† by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Ever used electronic vapor products Current electronic vapor products use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 38.1 (32.9–43.7) 43.5 (38.5–48.6) 41.0 (36.8–45.2) 22.0 (18.0–26.6) 26.5 (22.9–30.4) 24.5 (21.2–28.1)
Alaska 31.9 (28.3–35.8) 39.7 (34.2–45.3) 36.1 (32.7–39.7) 15.0 (12.5–18.1) 20.1 (16.5–24.1) 17.7 (15.3–20.5)
Arizona 49.4 (44.3–54.5) 53.7 (49.1–58.2) 51.6 (47.4–55.8) 25.4 (20.7–30.8) 29.4 (25.2–34.1) 27.5 (24.2–31.1)
Arkansas 39.7 (35.4–44.1) 49.5 (44.1–54.9) 44.7 (41.4–47.9) 21.7 (17.0–27.2) 30.6 (24.7–37.2) 26.4 (22.1–31.2)
California 43.0 (36.9–49.4) 46.6 (40.9–52.5) 44.7 (39.2–50.3) 18.6 (14.1–24.1) 24.2 (19.4–29.9) 21.4 (17.3–26.2)
Connecticut
Delaware 38.3 (34.8–42.0) 42.2 (38.2–46.2) 40.5 (37.8–43.4) 20.2 (17.5–23.1) 26.8 (23.2–30.7) 23.5 (21.5–25.6)
Florida
Hawaii 43.6 (40.3–46.9) 46.5 (43.2–49.9) 45.1 (42.5–47.8) 22.0 (19.6–24.5) 28.2 (26.0–30.4) 25.1 (23.3–26.9)
Idaho 45.0 (41.1–49.0) 45.5 (39.0–52.1) 45.2 (41.0–49.5) 25.5 (22.1–29.1) 24.3 (20.2–28.9) 24.8 (22.0–28.0)
Illinois 46.1 (41.6–50.6) 48.0 (41.5–54.6) 47.0 (43.1–51.0) 23.1 (19.6–27.1) 29.8 (24.0–36.3) 26.6 (23.3–30.1)
Indiana 40.3 (35.3–45.6) 47.3 (41.7–53.0) 43.9 (39.5–48.5) 20.3 (17.2–23.7) 27.2 (22.5–32.5) 23.9 (20.6–27.7)
Kentucky 39.5 (35.3–43.9) 43.9 (38.3–49.7) 41.7 (37.6–46.0) 23.3 (19.3–27.8) 23.4 (20.2–27.1) 23.4 (20.5–26.5)
Maine 31.0 (28.9–33.1) 34.2 (31.7–36.9) 32.7 (30.6–34.8) 14.5 (13.1–16.0) 18.8 (17.0–20.8) 16.8 (15.5–18.3)
Maryland 37.0 (36.1–38.0) 38.0 (37.0–39.0) 37.6 (36.8–38.3) 18.7 (18.0–19.5) 20.8 (20.1–21.5) 20.0 (19.4–20.6)
Massachusetts 41.2 (37.5–45.0) 48.2 (44.7–51.6) 44.8 (41.8–47.8) 19.9 (16.9–23.3) 27.3 (24.3–30.5) 23.7 (21.1–26.5)
Michigan 19.7 (16.3–23.5) 26.3 (22.4–30.7) 23.0 (20.1–26.2)
Mississippi 38.3 (34.2–42.6) 42.5 (37.1–48.1) 40.3 (36.8–43.8) 20.3 (17.6–23.3) 25.2 (21.4–29.4) 22.9 (20.4–25.6)
Missouri 35.0 (29.4–41.0) 46.7 (40.4–53.0) 40.6 (36.5–44.9) 16.5 (13.3–20.3) 27.7 (23.5–32.4) 22.0 (18.7–25.7)
Montana 49.0 (46.2–51.8) 53.1 (50.1–56.0) 51.1 (48.7–53.4) 27.2 (24.8–29.7) 31.8 (29.0–34.7) 29.5 (27.4–31.7)
Nebraska 41.0 (36.6–45.5) 35.3 (30.8–40.1) 38.2 (34.6–41.9) 22.8 (19.4–26.6) 21.2 (17.1–25.9) 22.3 (19.3–25.6)
Nevada 52.9 (46.4–59.4) 51.2 (45.4–56.9) 52.0 (47.3–56.7) 24.9 (21.2–29.0) 26.3 (21.6–31.7) 25.6 (22.9–28.5)
New Hampshire 23.4 (21.7–25.2) 26.2 (24.5–28.1) 25.0 (23.6–26.4)
New Mexico 52.9 (50.1–55.7) 55.8 (53.2–58.3) 54.4 (52.2–56.5) 21.9 (19.5–24.4) 26.0 (24.4–27.7) 24.0 (22.5–25.6)
New York 21.6 (18.9–24.6) 21.4 (18.6–24.4) 21.7 (19.5–24.0)
North Carolina 46.0 (40.6–51.5) 52.7 (48.4–56.9) 49.4 (45.1–53.7) 24.6 (19.9–30.0) 34.6 (30.3–39.1) 29.6 (25.8–33.7)
North Dakota 39.0 (35.0–43.1) 45.1 (41.3–49.0) 42.1 (39.1–45.3) 19.1 (16.3–22.2) 25.3 (22.2–28.8) 22.3 (19.8–25.0)
Oklahoma 43.1 (37.8–48.5) 48.6 (42.9–54.3) 46.0 (41.7–50.3) 19.2 (16.2–22.6) 28.0 (22.7–34.0) 23.8 (20.6–27.3)
Pennsylvania 39.5 (35.4–43.8) 42.0 (38.0–46.1) 40.8 (37.3–44.4) 21.3 (18.0–25.0) 26.9 (22.7–31.6) 24.1 (21.0–27.6)
Rhode Island 39.5 (35.1–44.1) 42.3 (37.4–47.3) 40.9 (36.7–45.3) 18.0 (14.8–21.8) 20.2 (16.1–25.2) 19.3 (16.1–22.8)
South Carolina 44.1 (39.6–48.7) 41.5 (36.9–46.3) 42.9 (39.2–46.7) 20.1 (16.0–25.0) 19.1 (15.6–23.2) 19.7 (16.2–23.8)
South Dakota 41.3 (33.2–50.0) 40.6 (36.0–45.4) 41.0 (35.8–46.4) 16.0 (12.3–20.5) 18.4 (12.9–25.5) 17.3 (13.0–22.6)
Tennessee 40.3 (36.9–43.9) 42.7 (39.4–46.0) 41.6 (38.8–44.5) 18.9 (16.5–21.6) 24.2 (22.5–25.9) 21.7 (19.9–23.6)
Vermont 27.5 (26.6–28.4) 32.9 (31.9–33.8) 30.4 (29.7–31.0) 12.8 (12.2–13.5) 17.6 (16.9–18.3) 15.3 (14.8–15.8)
Virginia 15.5 (13.0–18.4) 17.8 (15.4–20.4) 16.8 (14.7–19.1)
West Virginia 46.9 (42.2–51.8) 51.1 (45.6–56.5) 49.1 (45.0–53.3) 29.6 (25.6–34.0) 32.6 (28.5–37.1) 31.2 (27.8–34.9)
Wyoming 46.4 (41.2–51.7) 52.3 (47.8–56.8) 49.4 (45.4–53.4) 25.8 (22.3–29.6) 33.2 (29.3–37.2) 29.6 (26.9–32.4)
Median 41.0   45.5   42.9   20.3   26.2   23.5  
Range (27.5–52.9) (32.9–55.8) (30.4–54.4) (12.8–29.6) (17.6–34.6) (15.3–31.2)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 34.6 (29.4–40.2) 32.3 (27.8–37.2) 33.6 (30.0–37.4) 15.3 (12.1–19.1) 18.5 (14.4–23.5) 17.6 (14.8–20.8)
Boston, MA 14.3 (11.3–18.0) 14.7 (12.3–17.6) 14.5 (12.4–16.9)
Broward County, FL 43.9 (39.2–48.8) 46.3 (42.0–50.6) 45.1 (41.6–48.6) 20.4 (17.3–24.0) 24.3 (20.3–28.8) 22.4 (20.0–25.0)
Cleveland, OH 35.6 (31.3–40.3) 37.6 (33.3–42.0) 37.0 (33.6–40.6) 18.0 (14.9–21.5) 18.4 (15.5–21.7) 19.1 (17.0–21.4)
DeKalb County, GA 37.7 (34.9–40.7) 36.4 (32.3–40.8) 37.2 (34.6–39.8) 16.5 (14.4–18.9) 18.1 (15.4–21.1) 17.4 (15.6–19.4)
Detroit, MI 12.2 (9.5–15.4) 13.5 (10.9–16.5) 13.0 (10.9–15.4)
District of Columbia 34.3 (33.0–35.6) 33.7 (32.2–35.1) 34.1 (33.1–35.1) 13.4 (12.5–14.4) 13.1 (12.1–14.1) 13.4 (12.7–14.1)
Duval County, FL 46.4 (43.3–49.6) 41.7 (38.7–44.7) 44.3 (41.9–46.8) 21.8 (19.3–24.5) 21.3 (19.3–23.4) 22.1 (20.3–23.9)
Ft. Worth, TX 39.7 (36.6–42.8) 45.4 (42.1–48.7) 42.6 (40.3–44.8) 18.7 (16.1–21.7) 21.2 (18.7–24.0) 19.9 (17.9–22.1)
Houston, TX 37.2 (34.6–39.8) 41.8 (39.0–44.7) 39.7 (37.6–41.9) 18.1 (16.2–20.2) 22.2 (19.9–24.8) 20.4 (18.7–22.2)
Los Angeles, CA 41.3 (36.9–45.9) 46.4 (42.7–50.1) 43.7 (41.0–46.5) 15.8 (13.4–18.6) 17.8 (14.5–21.6) 16.8 (14.8–19.1)
Miami-Dade County, FL 36.5 (33.0–40.2) 42.1 (39.1–45.1) 39.3 (36.6–42.0) 16.7 (14.5–19.2) 22.6 (20.0–25.5) 19.6 (17.8–21.5)
New York City, NY 16.9 (15.3–18.5) 14.8 (13.0–16.7) 15.9 (14.3–17.5)
Oakland, CA 43.6 (39.4–47.8) 46.3 (42.0–50.5) 45.1 (42.3–47.9) 14.9 (11.9–18.4) 17.4 (14.7–20.5) 16.2 (14.2–18.4)
Orange County, FL 38.6 (34.9–42.4) 42.0 (37.8–46.4) 40.2 (37.5–43.0) 19.0 (16.3–21.9) 21.0 (17.6–24.9) 20.1 (18.0–22.3)
Palm Beach County, FL 48.6 (44.6–52.7) 51.1 (47.6–54.5) 49.9 (46.8–53.0) 25.3 (22.2–28.6) 28.5 (25.2–32.0) 27.4 (24.9–30.1)
Philadelphia, PA 40.3 (36.6–44.1) 38.4 (33.6–43.3) 39.3 (36.1–42.7) 17.6 (14.1–21.7) 17.0 (14.1–20.5) 17.4 (14.6–20.5)
San Diego, CA 41.9 (37.1–46.9) 47.8 (44.0–51.7) 44.9 (41.5–48.3) 17.7 (14.8–21.2) 25.4 (22.2–28.8) 21.6 (19.1–24.4)
San Francisco, CA 35.1 (30.8–39.6) 29.2 (24.6–34.4) 32.2 (28.3–36.3) 13.0 (10.4–16.0) 13.4 (10.1–17.5) 13.3 (10.7–16.4)
Median 39.1   41.9   39.9   16.9   18.4   17.6  
Range (34.3–48.6) (29.2–51.1) (32.2–49.9) (12.2–25.3) (13.1–28.5) (13.0–27.4)

*Including e-cigarettes, e-cigars, e-pipes, vape pipes, vaping pens, e-hookahs, and hookah pens.
On at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 43. Percentage of high school students who currently smoked cigarettes or cigars* and who currently used cigarettes, cigars, or smokeless tobacco,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Current cigarette or cigar use Current cigarette, cigar, or smokeless tobacco use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White§ 14.7 (10.9–19.4) 20.4 (17.6–23.4) 17.5 (14.6–20.9) 15.6 (11.8–20.3) 26.7 (23.3–30.3) 21.2 (17.8–25.0)
Black§ 10.1 (7.6–13.2) 16.8 (13.1–21.3) 13.9 (11.3–16.9) 10.3 (7.8–13.4) 18.6 (14.7–23.4) 14.9 (12.1–18.2)
Hispanic 9.7 (7.6–12.4) 16.5 (13.8–19.5) 13.1 (11.0–15.5) 10.3 (8.0–13.0) 18.1 (14.9–21.8) 14.2 (11.8–17.0)
Grade
9 8.8 (6.4–11.8) 12.3 (10.3–14.6) 10.7 (8.9–12.9) 9.3 (6.9–12.4) 15.8 (13.4–18.7) 12.8 (10.8–15.1)
10 12.2 (9.3–15.9) 15.6 (12.5–19.2) 13.9 (11.3–17.0) 12.6 (9.6–16.2) 19.6 (15.6–24.5) 16.1 (13.0–19.7)
11 13.0 (10.2–16.4) 22.9 (19.9–26.3) 18.3 (15.8–21.0) 14.2 (11.5–17.5) 28.8 (25.4–32.4) 21.9 (19.3–24.8)
12 17.2 (14.1–20.8) 25.9 (21.2–31.3) 21.6 (18.4–25.1) 17.9 (14.6–21.8) 29.9 (24.7–35.8) 23.9 (20.5–27.8)
Total 12.7 (10.5–15.3) 19.0 (17.2–20.9) 16.0 (14.2–18.0) 13.4 (11.2–16.0) 23.3 (21.0–25.8) 18.5 (16.5–20.8)

*On at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 44. Percentage of high school students who currently smoked cigarettes or cigars* and who currently used cigarettes, cigars, or smokeless tobacco,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Current cigarette or cigar use Current cigarette, cigar, or smokeless tobacco use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 19.5 (16.1–23.4) 21.7 (18.8–24.9) 20.9 (18.2–23.9) 20.7 (17.0–25.1) 30.8 (27.0–34.8) 26.3 (22.6–30.2)
Alaska 10.1 (7.4–13.7) 18.8 (15.5–22.6) 14.8 (12.4–17.6) 14.7 (11.5–18.5) 26.1 (22.7–29.7) 20.8 (17.8–24.0)
Arizona 12.9 (9.8–16.9) 17.5 (14.2–21.5) 15.3 (12.4–18.7) 14.7 (11.5–18.7) 20.8 (16.7–25.7) 17.9 (14.5–21.8)
Arkansas 19.4 (16.4–22.7) 25.8 (20.9–31.3) 22.7 (19.3–26.4) 20.3 (17.6–23.4) 31.7 (26.3–37.7) 26.2 (22.7–30.1)
California 8.8 (5.7–13.2) 12.4 (8.9–17.0) 10.7 (7.8–14.6) 9.1 (6.0–13.5) 14.4 (10.5–19.4) 11.9 (8.7–15.9)
Connecticut §
Delaware 13.6 (10.0–18.2) 17.1 (14.0–20.6) 15.6 (12.7–18.9) 14.1 (10.4–18.7) 19.8 (16.4–23.7) 17.1 (14.2–20.5)
Florida
Hawaii
Idaho 11.3 (8.6–14.6) 15.5 (12.6–18.9) 13.5 (11.3–15.9) 12.4 (9.5–16.1) 22.1 (17.7–27.2) 17.4 (14.5–20.7)
Illinois 11.3 (9.4–13.5) 18.5 (14.6–23.3) 15.0 (13.1–17.2) 12.2 (10.0–14.7) 20.9 (17.0–25.3) 16.7 (14.7–18.9)
Indiana 14.0 (11.0–17.6) 20.7 (15.2–27.4) 17.6 (13.8–22.2) 15.0 (11.7–18.9) 27.1 (19.5–36.3) 21.4 (16.3–27.6)
Kentucky 22.2 (17.9–27.2) 24.1 (20.7–27.9) 23.4 (20.2–26.9) 23.0 (18.7–27.9) 32.6 (28.5–37.1) 28.0 (24.5–31.8)
Maine 12.7 (11.3–14.2) 17.7 (15.9–19.6) 15.4 (14.0–16.8) 13.1 (11.8–14.7) 19.8 (17.8–21.9) 16.7 (15.2–18.3)
Maryland 12.1 (11.4–12.8) 16.0 (15.3–16.7) 14.4 (13.8–15.0) 13.1 (12.4–13.9) 19.0 (18.2–19.8) 16.4 (15.8–17.1)
Massachusetts 9.7 (7.7–12.1) 18.8 (15.6–22.5) 14.3 (12.0–17.0) 10.2 (8.2–12.5) 21.4 (18.1–25.1) 15.9 (13.6–18.5)
Michigan 10.8 (8.0–14.3) 20.1 (16.3–24.5) 15.5 (12.9–18.5) 11.6 (8.9–14.9) 23.4 (19.3–28.0) 17.6 (15.0–20.5)
Mississippi 21.0 (16.6–26.2) 28.3 (24.2–32.9) 24.8 (21.6–28.3) 22.6 (18.2–27.7) 34.1 (29.9–38.7) 28.6 (25.3–32.3)
Missouri 12.2 (8.8–16.6) 22.8 (18.5–27.9) 17.6 (13.8–22.1) 14.5 (10.5–19.6) 29.8 (24.5–35.7) 22.1 (17.4–27.6)
Montana 17.1 (15.0–19.4) 22.8 (20.5–25.2) 20.1 (18.2–22.1) 19.1 (16.6–21.8) 31.0 (28.3–33.9) 25.3 (23.0–27.8)
Nebraska 14.2 (10.6–18.8) 18.6 (15.1–22.6) 16.6 (13.6–20.1) 15.7 (11.9–20.5) 24.2 (20.0–28.9) 20.1 (16.8–23.9)
Nevada 9.8 (7.2–13.2) 11.9 (9.3–15.2) 11.0 (8.9–13.4) 10.6 (7.9–14.0) 15.1 (12.6–17.9) 13.0 (11.1–15.1)
New Hampshire 11.1 (10.1–12.2) 19.8 (18.3–21.4) 15.7 (14.7–16.9) 11.6 (10.5–12.7) 22.5 (20.6–24.5) 17.4 (16.1–18.7)
New Mexico 11.9 (10.7–13.3) 18.5 (16.8–20.4) 15.3 (14.1–16.6) 13.1 (11.9–14.4) 24.4 (21.9–27.2) 18.9 (17.4–20.6)
New York 11.1 (9.6–12.7) 18.2 (14.7–22.4) 15.0 (12.8–17.4) 12.2 (10.7–13.9) 20.6 (17.1–24.6) 16.8 (14.7–19.1)
North Carolina
North Dakota 13.0 (10.3–16.2) 19.5 (16.8–22.5) 16.3 (14.3–18.7) 14.0 (11.3–17.4) 27.3 (24.2–30.6) 20.9 (18.6–23.5)
Oklahoma 12.3 (8.7–17.0) 20.0 (15.9–24.7) 16.2 (13.1–19.8) 12.9 (9.6–17.0) 27.2 (22.4–32.7) 20.0 (16.9–23.6)
Pennsylvania 13.5 (10.7–17.0) 23.7 (19.8–28.1) 18.7 (15.7–22.1) 14.5 (11.3–18.4) 29.4 (24.5–34.8) 22.1 (18.6–26.1)
Rhode Island 7.4 (6.0–9.2) 14.4 (12.0–17.2) 11.1 (9.7–12.8) 8.8 (7.2–10.6) 17.3 (14.2–21.0) 13.3 (11.3–15.6)
South Carolina 15.9 (12.0–20.7) 16.6 (12.1–22.5) 16.4 (12.8–20.7) 17.4 (13.7–21.7) 21.7 (16.5–27.9) 19.7 (15.8–24.1)
South Dakota 13.4 (9.5–18.6) 17.1 (12.7–22.5) 15.4 (11.3–20.6) 15.9 (11.7–21.2) 28.5 (22.6–35.3) 22.4 (18.0–27.5)
Tennessee 14.2 (12.4–16.3) 19.3 (16.9–21.9) 17.0 (15.3–18.8) 15.0 (13.1–17.1) 27.7 (25.1–30.5) 21.7 (19.9–23.7)
Vermont 12.4 (11.7–13.0) 19.4 (18.7–20.2) 16.1 (15.6–16.6) 13.2 (12.6–13.9) 22.7 (21.9–23.6) 18.2 (17.7–18.8)
Virginia 10.2 (8.3–12.5) 12.9 (11.1–15.1) 11.7 (10.0–13.5) 11.0 (9.0–13.4) 17.0 (14.8–19.5) 14.1 (12.3–16.2)
West Virginia 22.0 (18.4–26.2) 26.4 (22.5–30.8) 24.2 (20.9–27.9) 22.9 (19.1–27.2) 35.4 (30.5–40.6) 29.2 (25.5–33.2)
Wyoming 19.5 (15.8–23.7) 22.0 (18.3–26.4) 20.8 (17.8–24.2) 21.1 (17.4–25.3) 28.8 (25.0–33.0) 25.1 (22.1–28.5)
Median 12.7   18.8   15.7   14.1   24.2   19.7  
Range (7.4–22.2) (11.9–28.3) (10.7–24.8) (8.8–23.0) (14.4–35.4) (11.9–29.2)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 16.2 (11.8–21.9) 17.9 (13.1–24.1) 18.1 (14.3–22.6) 17.1 (12.6–22.9) 21.1 (15.9–27.5) 20.4 (16.3–25.1)
Boston, MA 6.3 (4.6–8.4) 9.9 (7.5–13.0) 8.2 (6.7–10.0) 6.6 (4.8–9.1) 11.0 (8.6–14.0) 9.0 (7.4–10.8)
Broward County, FL 5.9 (4.2–8.4) 12.4 (9.4–16.1) 9.4 (7.4–11.7) 6.4 (4.6–8.9) 14.0 (10.9–17.7) 10.5 (8.4–12.9)
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA 10.0 (8.0–12.5) 13.8 (11.5–16.5) 12.0 (10.2–14.0) 10.2 (8.2–12.7) 15.3 (12.8–18.2) 12.8 (11.0–14.9)
Detroit, MI 14.2 (10.1–19.5) 18.6 (14.4–23.8) 16.4 (12.6–20.9) 14.9 (10.9–20.2) 20.8 (16.7–25.7) 18.0 (14.3–22.4)
District of Columbia
Duval County, FL 12.8 (10.6–15.4) 17.6 (14.5–21.1) 15.7 (13.3–18.4) 14.1 (11.8–16.8) 20.7 (17.3–24.5) 17.9 (15.3–20.7)
Ft. Worth, TX 11.0 (9.2–13.1) 15.0 (12.5–17.9) 12.9 (11.4–14.7) 11.4 (9.6–13.6) 16.6 (14.0–19.6) 14.0 (12.3–15.8)
Houston, TX 16.0 (13.9–18.3) 18.6 (16.3–21.2) 17.7 (15.9–19.7) 17.5 (15.4–19.9) 21.1 (18.8–23.6) 19.8 (17.8–21.8)
Los Angeles, CA 5.0 (3.0–8.2) 8.5 (6.1–11.9) 6.8 (4.9–9.2) 5.5 (3.4–8.7) 9.6 (7.1–13.0) 7.5 (5.6–10.1)
Miami-Dade County, FL 5.7 (4.3–7.4) 11.4 (9.3–13.9) 8.5 (7.2–10.1) 6.1 (4.8–7.7) 12.2 (10.1–14.6) 9.1 (7.8–10.6)
New York City, NY 6.6 (5.6–7.7) 11.1 (9.4–13.0) 9.0 (7.8–10.4) 7.4 (6.3–8.6) 12.6 (10.9–14.5) 10.2 (9.0–11.5)
Oakland, CA 7.1 (5.1–9.6) 11.6 (9.2–14.5) 9.6 (7.9–11.7) 7.5 (5.5–10.1) 12.7 (9.9–16.0) 10.4 (8.5–12.7)
Orange County, FL 7.7 (5.8–10.1) 12.0 (9.2–15.3) 9.9 (8.1–12.0) 8.3 (6.4–10.7) 14.0 (11.0–17.8) 11.2 (9.3–13.5)
Palm Beach County, FL 12.1 (9.7–15.0) 18.3 (15.4–21.5) 16.0 (13.9–18.4) 13.0 (10.5–16.0) 20.6 (17.4–24.3) 17.8 (15.3–20.6)
Philadelphia, PA 12.5 (9.3–16.7) 15.7 (11.9–20.5) 14.3 (11.4–17.8) 13.8 (10.2–18.3) 18.9 (14.3–24.6) 16.5 (13.3–20.3)
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
Median 10.0   13.8   12.0   10.2   15.3   12.8  
Range (5.0–16.2) (8.5–18.6) (6.8–18.1) (5.5–17.5) (9.6–21.1) (7.5–20.4)

*On at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 45. Percentage of high school students who currently used tobacco,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity            
White§ 29.4 (24.6–34.8) 36.6 (32.8–40.5) 32.9 (29.0–37.1)
Black§ 21.2 (17.7–25.1) 30.6 (25.3–36.4) 26.3 (22.7–30.3)
Hispanic 29.4 (25.6–33.6) 34.2 (30.6–38.0) 31.8 (28.7–35.1)
Grade
9 23.0 (19.7–26.7) 26.9 (24.0–30.0) 25.1 (22.7–27.8)
10 26.3 (22.8–30.2) 31.7 (26.7–37.2) 28.9 (25.1–33.1)
11 30.0 (25.9–34.4) 39.4 (36.5–42.4) 34.9 (32.1–37.9)
12 32.2 (27.9–36.8) 43.0 (36.7–49.5) 37.5 (33.4–41.9)
Total 27.7 (25.1–30.6) 34.9 (32.2–37.7) 31.4 (29.1–33.8)

*Cigarette, smokeless tobacco, cigar, or electronic vapor products use on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 46. Percentage of high school students who currently used tobacco,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
State surveys            
Alabama 30.6 (25.4–36.4) 39.6 (35.2–44.1) 35.5 (31.0–40.3)
Alaska 25.1 (21.5–29.2) 35.9 (31.9–40.1) 30.9 (27.5–34.5)
Arizona 31.5 (26.3–37.1) 37.6 (32.6–42.8) 34.7 (31.0–38.5)
Arkansas 31.2 (26.4–36.4) 42.1 (35.6–48.9) 36.9 (32.7–41.2)
California 23.8 (18.2–30.6) 30.7 (25.5–36.4) 27.4 (22.5–32.9)
Connecticut §
Delaware 25.9 (22.1–30.0) 33.7 (30.0–37.6) 29.8 (27.2–32.6)
Florida
Hawaii
Idaho 27.7 (24.0–31.7) 33.0 (27.4–39.2) 30.4 (26.7–34.4)
Illinois 28.2 (24.8–31.8) 37.0 (30.6–44.0) 32.8 (29.3–36.5)
Indiana 26.1 (22.4–30.1) 38.2 (31.1–45.8) 32.4 (27.3–38.0)
Kentucky 31.6 (26.7–36.8) 39.6 (35.1–44.3) 35.8 (31.8–40.0)
Maine 21.0 (19.5–22.7) 27.6 (25.5–29.7) 24.5 (23.0–26.2)
Maryland 25.0 (24.1–25.9) 29.6 (28.7–30.5) 27.6 (26.9–28.4)
Massachusetts 23.8 (20.5–27.5) 34.6 (30.9–38.5) 29.3 (26.2–32.7)
Michigan 23.5 (19.7–27.8) 34.4 (30.5–38.5) 29.1 (26.2–32.2)
Mississippi 32.5 (29.1–36.1) 42.1 (38.0–46.4) 37.6 (34.7–40.6)
Missouri 24.6 (20.0–29.8) 39.5 (34.4–45.0) 32.1 (27.4–37.2)
Montana 33.5 (30.4–36.6) 43.2 (40.1–46.4) 38.5 (35.8–41.2)
Nebraska 28.3 (24.3–32.7) 32.2 (27.4–37.3) 30.5 (26.9–34.4)
Nevada 29.4 (25.4–33.8) 31.3 (26.4–36.6) 30.4 (27.6–33.4)
New Hampshire 26.5 (24.7–28.3) 33.7 (31.5–35.9) 30.3 (28.8–32.0)
New Mexico 27.1 (24.9–29.5) 37.0 (34.7–39.3) 32.2 (30.4–34.0)
New York 26.9 (24.2–29.9) 30.1 (26.5–34.0) 28.8 (26.3–31.5)
North Carolina
North Dakota 24.9 (21.7–28.4) 37.0 (33.3–40.9) 31.1 (28.3–34.1)
Oklahoma 24.6 (20.7–29.0) 37.8 (31.8–44.2) 31.4 (27.7–35.3)
Pennsylvania 26.6 (22.8–30.7) 37.8 (32.7–43.2) 32.3 (28.4–36.6)
Rhode Island 21.4 (18.0–25.2) 28.3 (24.5–32.5) 25.1 (22.0–28.5)
South Carolina 28.2 (23.4–33.4) 29.8 (24.3–35.9) 29.1 (24.6–34.0)
South Dakota 25.0 (19.8–31.0) 35.2 (28.9–42.0) 30.3 (25.2–35.8)
Tennessee 26.3 (23.6–29.1) 36.8 (34.3–39.3) 31.9 (29.7–34.1)
Vermont 20.0 (19.2–20.8) 28.9 (28.0–29.8) 24.7 (24.1–25.3)
Virginia 20.5 (17.4–23.9) 24.6 (21.9–27.6) 22.7 (20.3–25.3)
West Virginia 36.2 (31.5–41.3) 45.1 (40.3–50.0) 40.8 (36.8–44.9)
Wyoming 33.3 (28.5–38.4) 43.1 (38.5–47.8) 38.4 (34.6–42.4)
Median 26.5   35.9   30.9  
Range (20.0–36.2) (24.6–45.1) (22.7–40.8)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 25.6 (20.9–31.0) 30.5 (24.6–37.2) 29.2 (25.3–33.5)
Boston, MA 18.7 (15.3–22.7) 21.0 (18.2–24.1) 19.9 (17.5–22.7)
Broward County, FL 22.8 (19.6–26.5) 30.9 (26.3–36.0) 27.1 (24.4–30.0)
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA 22.0 (19.2–25.0) 25.7 (22.1–29.6) 23.9 (21.4–26.7)
Detroit, MI 23.4 (18.9–28.5) 27.3 (23.0–32.0) 25.5 (21.7–29.7)
District of Columbia
Duval County, FL 27.6 (24.7–30.7) 31.7 (28.5–35.1) 30.4 (27.8–33.0)
Ft. Worth, TX 23.2 (20.5–26.1) 28.2 (25.1–31.5) 25.6 (23.4–28.0)
Houston, TX 27.5 (25.2–29.9) 32.6 (29.9–35.5) 30.5 (28.3–32.8)
Los Angeles, CA 18.9 (16.2–21.9) 21.9 (17.9–26.5) 20.4 (17.8–23.3)
Miami-Dade County, FL 19.1 (16.7–21.9) 27.7 (24.8–30.7) 23.3 (21.3–25.5)
New York City, NY 20.7 (18.8–22.6) 21.5 (19.6–23.5) 21.3 (19.6–23.1)
Oakland, CA 19.4 (16.0–23.3) 24.8 (21.4–28.6) 22.4 (19.7–25.3)
Orange County, FL 22.4 (19.3–25.7) 27.1 (22.9–31.8) 24.8 (22.2–27.6)
Palm Beach County, FL 30.2 (26.8–33.9) 36.8 (32.9–41.0) 34.3 (31.2–37.5)
Philadelphia, PA 25.6 (21.8–29.8) 29.3 (24.2–35.1) 27.6 (23.8–31.8)
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
Median 22.8   27.7   25.5  
Range (18.7–30.2) (21.0–36.8) (19.9–34.3)

*Cigarette, smokeless tobacco, cigar, or electronic vapor products use on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 47. Percentage of high school students who ever drank alcohol* and who drank alcohol for the first time before age 13 years, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Ever drank alcohol Drank alcohol before age 13 years
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 66.7 (60.5–72.4) 64.0 (60.9–67.0) 65.3 (61.2–69.2) 11.7 (9.2–14.8) 17.3 (14.9–20.0) 14.5 (12.6–16.6)
Black 57.9 (51.2–64.3) 51.0 (44.8–57.2) 54.4 (48.8–59.9) 16.9 (13.4–21.1) 18.7 (15.6–22.3) 18.0 (16.1–20.2)
Hispanic 68.6 (65.1–71.9) 63.4 (60.1–66.5) 65.9 (63.1–68.7) 19.0 (16.0–22.3) 23.6 (21.3–26.0) 21.3 (19.4–23.4)
Grade
9 53.0 (49.9–56.1) 48.9 (46.0–51.9) 50.8 (48.4–53.3) 18.8 (16.8–21.0) 21.5 (18.4–24.9) 20.3 (18.5–22.2)
10 62.7 (51.8–72.5) 58.8 (53.9–63.6) 60.8 (53.9–67.3) 15.8 (12.1–20.3) 21.3 (17.9–25.2) 18.6 (15.6–21.9)
11 72.1 (67.9–76.0) 68.7 (65.7–71.6) 70.3 (67.5–73.0) 12.9 (10.9–15.3) 17.5 (15.1–20.3) 15.2 (13.6–17.1)
12 75.2 (71.7–78.4) 71.5 (67.4–75.3) 73.3 (70.3–76.1) 9.9 (7.9–12.3) 17.0 (13.8–20.8) 13.5 (11.5–15.8)
Total 65.3 (61.5–69.0) 61.4 (59.1–63.7) 63.2 (60.6–65.8) 14.6 (12.7–16.6) 19.7 (17.9–21.5) 17.2 (16.0–18.4)

*At least one drink of alcohol on at least 1 day during their life.
Other than a few sips.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 48. Percentage of high school students who ever drank alcohol* and who drank alcohol for the first time before age 13 years, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Ever drank alcohol Drank alcohol before age 13 years
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 62.7 (57.7–67.4) 56.7 (52.8–60.5) 59.8 (56.5–63.0) 16.8 (13.6–20.5) 23.4 (20.6–26.4) 20.4 (18.2–22.9)
Alaska 58.4 (54.8–61.9) 50.4 (45.4–55.4) 54.4 (50.9–57.9) 10.8 (8.4–13.8) 17.4 (14.3–20.9) 14.3 (12.2–16.7)
Arizona 16.2 (12.6–20.5) 16.5 (12.8–21.0) 16.5 (13.6–19.8)
Arkansas 63.9 (58.9–68.6) 58.4 (51.8–64.6) 61.2 (57.7–64.5) 16.5 (14.1–19.1) 25.3 (21.3–29.6) 21.0 (19.4–22.8)
California 61.8 (55.7–67.5) 56.0 (49.0–62.9) 58.7 (52.6–64.5) 16.3 (13.7–19.4) 17.4 (13.9–21.6) 16.8 (14.5–19.4)
Connecticut 8.1 (6.5–10.1) 12.7 (10.7–15.0) 10.6 (9.1–12.5)
Delaware 62.4 (57.9–66.8) 55.2 (50.8–59.5) 58.8 (55.2–62.2) 14.0 (11.7–16.5) 16.2 (13.8–19.0) 15.3 (13.7–17.2)
Florida 13.5 (12.1–15.1) 17.5 (15.6–19.6) 15.6 (14.2–17.1)
Hawaii 15.0 (12.9–17.3) 18.6 (15.8–21.7) 16.9 (14.6–19.4)
Idaho 60.8 (55.3–66.0) 55.5 (49.4–61.4) 58.1 (53.8–62.3) 13.5 (10.4–17.5) 16.9 (13.4–21.1) 15.3 (12.5–18.7)
Illinois 64.3 (59.5–68.8) 57.5 (50.5–64.3) 60.9 (55.9–65.7) 13.0 (10.4–16.1) 18.7 (15.4–22.4) 15.8 (13.5–18.5)
Indiana 63.2 (58.3–67.8) 61.3 (56.4–65.9) 62.3 (58.3–66.1) 13.3 (10.4–17.0) 17.3 (14.5–20.5) 15.4 (12.9–18.1)
Kentucky 62.3 (58.9–65.5) 51.2 (46.3–56.2) 56.8 (53.4–60.2) 13.5 (11.2–16.3) 17.9 (15.1–21.0) 15.9 (13.9–18.0)
Maine 56.2 (53.9–58.5) 50.1 (48.1–52.2) 53.2 (51.2–55.1) 11.7 (10.5–13.1) 15.3 (13.9–16.7) 13.6 (12.5–14.8)
Maryland 56.6 (55.7–57.5) 47.8 (46.8–48.9) 52.3 (51.5–53.2) 15.9 (15.3–16.5) 18.3 (17.7–19.0) 17.3 (16.8–17.7)
Massachusetts 63.6 (60.2–66.9) 58.8 (55.1–62.3) 61.3 (58.3–64.2) 11.1 (8.9–13.8) 14.1 (11.9–16.7) 12.9 (11.2–14.8)
Michigan 60.7 (54.9–66.3) 56.6 (51.0–61.9) 58.7 (54.0–63.2) 13.7 (11.5–16.1) 16.0 (13.5–18.9) 14.8 (13.1–16.8)
Mississippi 62.2 (57.4–66.9) 57.2 (52.5–61.8) 59.9 (56.1–63.5) 21.0 (18.3–23.9) 27.4 (23.6–31.5) 24.5 (22.0–27.1)
Missouri 14.2 (10.7–18.5) 20.5 (17.3–24.0) 17.3 (14.3–20.8)
Montana 72.7 (70.5–74.7) 67.3 (64.8–69.7) 69.9 (68.2–71.7) 17.1 (15.0–19.5) 21.8 (19.5–24.2) 19.6 (17.8–21.5)
Nebraska 56.5 (51.8–61.2) 46.6 (42.8–50.5) 51.7 (48.4–55.0) 11.8 (9.1–15.0) 14.9 (11.9–18.4) 13.7 (11.5–16.1)
Nevada 68.6 (63.8–73.1) 61.0 (56.6–65.2) 64.8 (60.9–68.5) 13.6 (10.6–17.2) 20.0 (16.3–24.4) 16.9 (14.2–20.0)
New Hampshire 8.6 (7.7–9.7) 12.6 (11.5–13.8) 10.8 (10.0–11.5)
New Mexico 17.3 (15.6–19.1) 22.8 (21.0–24.8) 20.1 (18.8–21.6)
New York 14.8 (13.3–16.4) 17.0 (14.6–19.8) 16.1 (14.5–17.7)
North Carolina 11.4 (8.7–14.8) 16.4 (13.8–19.2) 14.0 (12.0–16.3)
North Dakota 64.0 (59.6–68.2) 60.4 (57.0–63.6) 62.1 (59.3–64.9) 9.2 (7.4–11.3) 15.3 (12.8–18.2) 12.4 (10.6–14.4)
Oklahoma 65.6 (60.8–70.1) 61.7 (56.7–66.4) 63.5 (59.6–67.3) 12.0 (9.0–15.9) 18.1 (15.1–21.6) 15.0 (12.7–17.7)
Pennsylvania 62.9 (58.6–67.1) 58.9 (54.7–62.9) 60.8 (57.0–64.6) 11.4 (9.4–13.7) 14.7 (12.5–17.2) 13.1 (11.4–15.0)
Rhode Island 58.1 (54.1–62.0) 47.1 (42.9–51.4) 52.5 (49.3–55.8) 10.3 (7.6–13.8) 12.4 (9.2–16.4) 11.4 (8.6–15.0)
South Carolina 61.5 (56.3–66.5) 49.7 (42.5–56.9) 55.8 (51.3–60.2) 15.0 (10.6–20.8) 20.7 (17.3–24.6) 17.8 (14.8–21.3)
South Dakota 62.8 (56.8–68.4) 57.8 (49.2–65.9) 60.3 (53.7–66.4) 16.3 (13.0–20.2) 20.1 (14.4–27.4) 18.4 (14.2–23.4)
Tennessee
Vermont 10.0 (9.4–10.6) 14.4 (13.7–15.1) 12.3 (11.9–12.8)
Virginia 51.9 (48.3–55.6) 49.6 (45.7–53.5) 50.7 (47.5–53.9) 12.4 (10.6–14.5) 16.4 (14.2–18.9) 14.6 (13.0–16.3)
West Virginia 67.0 (62.4–71.3) 63.3 (58.3–67.9) 65.1 (61.1–68.8) 14.8 (13.0–16.9) 21.8 (19.2–24.7) 18.4 (16.5–20.4)
Wyoming 62.4 (57.6–67.1) 59.6 (54.4–64.7) 61.0 (56.6–65.3) 16.4 (13.3–20.0) 21.6 (19.1–24.3) 19.2 (16.8–21.9)
Median 62.4 56.9 59.8 13.5 17.4 15.7
Range (51.9–72.7) (46.6–67.3) (50.7–69.9) (8.1–21.0) (12.4–27.4) (10.6–24.5)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 54.0 (49.0–58.9) 47.2 (41.6–52.8) 51.1 (47.0–55.2) 18.4 (15.0–22.4) 21.0 (17.1–25.6) 20.0 (17.5–22.8)
Boston, MA 57.8 (53.2–62.4) 51.4 (46.6–56.2) 54.5 (50.8–58.3) 15.3 (12.5–18.6) 17.5 (14.7–20.7) 16.5 (14.4–18.8)
Broward County, FL 64.2 (59.3–68.8) 58.2 (53.5–62.8) 61.2 (57.2–65.1) 17.2 (14.5–20.3) 18.8 (15.8–22.3) 18.1 (16.2–20.2)
Cleveland, OH 60.5 (57.0–63.9) 52.8 (48.7–56.9) 56.8 (53.8–59.8) 20.7 (18.0–23.8) 25.2 (22.2–28.5) 23.6 (21.4–26.0)
DeKalb County, GA 54.6 (49.4–59.7) 47.9 (43.5–52.2) 51.3 (47.5–55.0) 13.5 (11.2–16.1) 18.9 (15.9–22.3) 16.2 (14.2–18.5)
Detroit, MI 59.6 (54.6–64.3) 49.0 (44.2–53.8) 54.9 (51.2–58.6) 18.6 (15.4–22.3) 19.8 (17.0–22.9) 19.2 (16.8–21.9)
District of Columbia 51.1 (49.7–52.5) 41.6 (40.1–43.1) 46.6 18.0 (17.0–19.2) 19.4 (18.2–20.7) 18.8 (18.0–19.7)
Duval County, FL 18.3 (15.6–21.2) 21.2 (18.1–24.8) 20.1 (17.5–22.8)
Ft. Worth, TX 63.2 (59.9–66.5) 56.2 (53.2–59.2) 59.7 (57.3–62.0) 12.8 (11.0–14.7) 18.9 (16.4–21.7) 15.9 (14.4–17.5)
Houston, TX 58.9 (56.0–61.7) 53.0 (50.0–56.1) 56.1 (53.8–58.4) 16.4 (14.1–18.9) 19.0 (16.7–21.4) 17.8 (16.1–19.6)
Los Angeles, CA 55.7 (50.7–60.6) 50.2 (44.0–56.4) 53.0 (47.8–58.2) 13.4 (10.4–17.1) 17.2 (14.4–20.3) 15.2 (13.0–17.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL 63.5 (60.1–66.7) 62.3 (59.2–65.3) 62.8 (60.3–65.2) 15.0 (12.6–17.9) 22.7 (20.0–25.6) 18.8 (17.0–20.9)
New York City, NY 17.4 (15.8–19.1) 18.5 (16.8–20.4) 18.2 (16.9–19.5)
Oakland, CA 55.1 (51.0–59.1) 50.7 (46.4–55.0) 53.1 (49.7–56.4) 17.1 (14.1–20.6) 22.2 (19.1–25.8) 19.9 (17.8–22.3)
Orange County, FL 59.2 (55.2–63.1) 54.9 (50.1–59.7) 56.9 (53.4–60.2) 13.0 (10.5–15.9) 18.1 (14.9–21.9) 15.5 (13.6–17.6)
Palm Beach County, FL 65.1 (61.0–69.0) 59.1 (55.0–63.0) 62.5 (59.2–65.7) 16.3 (13.9–19.0) 20.5 (18.0–23.3) 18.8 (16.8–21.0)
Philadelphia, PA 65.5 (60.0–70.6) 54.2 (49.4–58.9) 60.0 (56.5–63.4) 16.8 (14.1–20.0) 18.2 (14.5–22.6) 17.6 (15.1–20.5)
San Diego, CA 60.8 (56.0–65.3) 52.8 (47.7–57.9) 56.8 (52.7–60.8) 12.4 (9.6–15.9) 16.9 (14.7–19.4) 14.8 (13.0–16.9)
San Francisco, CA 46.3 (41.7–50.9) 40.7 (35.9–45.7) 43.5 (39.6–47.6) 13.2 (10.6–16.3) 16.3 (13.8–19.1) 15.1 (13.1–17.3)
Median 59.2 52.8 56.1 16.4 18.9 18.1
Range (46.3–65.5) (40.7–62.3) (43.5–62.8) (12.4–20.7) (16.3–25.2) (14.8–23.6)

*At least one drink of alcohol on at least 1 day during their life.
Other than a few sips.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 49. Percentage of high school students who currently drank alcohol* and who usually obtained the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Current alcohol use Someone gave alcohol to them
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 35.3 (29.0–42.1) 35.2 (32.4–38.0) 35.2 (31.2–39.3) 50.7 (47.0–54.4) 41.6 (36.3–47.0) 46.1 (42.8–49.5)
Black 25.9 (19.9–32.9) 22.1 (16.7–28.7) 23.8 (18.6–30.0) 46.2 (37.8–54.9) 40.2 (28.8–52.7) 43.3 (35.7–51.3)
Hispanic 35.6 (32.3–39.0) 33.4 (30.6–36.2) 34.4 (31.9–37.0) 45.9 (41.7–50.3) 36.5 (31.9–41.4) 41.3 (38.0–44.8)
Grade
9 24.9 (22.2–27.8) 22.1 (18.5–26.2) 23.4 (20.9–26.1) 50.4 (43.7–57.1) 39.4 (32.8–46.3) 44.9 (40.0–49.9)
10 28.8 (22.8–35.7) 29.3 (24.5–34.7) 29.0 (24.3–34.3) 50.0 (44.7–55.3) 34.5 (27.4–42.3) 42.3 (38.4–46.3)
11 38.3 (33.2–43.6) 37.7 (34.4–41.1) 38.0 (34.6–41.4) 49.7 (46.0–53.5) 39.3 (32.6–46.4) 44.3 (40.3–48.3)
12 43.2 (38.4–48.2) 41.6 (36.0–47.3) 42.4 (38.4–46.4) 45.3 (39.8–50.9) 44.9 (38.9–51.0) 45.1 (41.2–49.1)
Total 33.5 (29.8–37.5) 32.2 (30.4–34.0) 32.8 (30.4–35.2) 48.5 (45.8–51.2) 39.9 (36.8–43.2) 44.1 (41.9–46.4)

*At least one drink of alcohol on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
During the 30 days before the survey, among the 32.8% of students nationwide who currently drank alcohol.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 50. Percentage of high school students who currently drank alcohol* and who usually obtained the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Current alcohol use Someone gave alcohol to them
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 32.3 (28.0–36.9) 28.8 (24.3–33.8) 30.7 (27.2–34.3) 39.4 (32.0–47.2) 24.4 (19.0–30.9) 32.3 (28.5–36.4)
Alaska 23.6 (20.8–26.8) 20.5 (17.0–24.5) 22.0 (19.7–24.5) 40.5 (33.2–48.3) 28.0 (20.5–37.1) 34.4 (28.2–41.2)
Arizona 36.7 (30.8–43.1) 33.0 (27.3–39.2) 34.8 (29.7–40.2) 53.5 (48.0–58.9) 34.2 (26.7–42.7) 44.4 (39.5–49.3)
Arkansas 26.6 (23.1–30.4) 28.7 (23.3–34.7) 27.6 (24.5–30.8) 52.3 (41.0–63.4) 37.3 (32.0–43.0) 44.6 (39.5–49.8)
California 31.0 (25.7–36.8) 26.9 (21.1–33.6) 28.9 (23.6–34.7) 49.7 (39.5–60.0) 35.6 (30.2–41.4) 43.2 (37.6–49.1)
Connecticut 32.0 (28.3–36.0) 28.0 (24.5–31.7) 30.2 (27.2–33.4) 37.1 (31.6–43.0) 31.3 (26.7–36.3) 34.0 (30.4–37.7)
Delaware 35.6 (30.1–41.4) 27.4 (23.8–31.4) 31.4 (27.7–35.4) 47.2 (41.6–52.9) 30.6 (24.6–37.3) 39.7 (35.0–44.6)
Florida 33.1 (30.6–35.7) 32.7 (30.6–34.9) 33.0 (31.1–35.0)
Hawaii 26.7 (24.0–29.7) 23.2 (20.5–26.2) 25.1 (23.2–27.2)
Idaho 29.5 (24.9–34.5) 27.0 (21.9–32.9) 28.3 (24.0–33.0) 51.2 (45.3–57.0) 33.2 (25.8–41.5) 42.2 (37.2–47.3)
Illinois 31.8 (26.7–37.4) 29.6 (23.6–36.5) 30.7 (26.7–35.1) 45.4 (37.8–53.1) 35.7 (32.3–39.3) 40.8 (36.5–45.3)
Indiana 30.4 (26.1–35.2) 30.4 (24.7–36.9) 30.5 (26.3–35.2) 41.0 (34.2–48.1) 36.3 (25.5–48.7) 38.6 (31.2–46.5)
Kentucky 31.2 (27.5–35.1) 25.6 (21.8–29.8) 28.5 (25.2–32.0) 44.8 (37.7–52.2) 24.2 (17.6–32.4) 35.5 (30.7–40.5)
Maine 25.7 (23.8–27.6) 22.3 (20.9–23.7) 24.0 (22.6–25.4) 45.4 (41.6–49.3) 36.4 (32.7–40.2) 41.0 (37.9–44.3)
Maryland 29.1 (28.2–30.2) 23.0 (22.1–23.9) 26.1 (25.3–27.0) 50.3 (48.9–51.7) 39.3 (37.9–40.8) 45.3 (44.3–46.3)
Massachusetts 34.0 (30.4–37.9) 33.7 (30.4–37.1) 33.9 (30.9–36.9)
Michigan 25.7 (20.9–31.3) 26.0 (22.0–30.5) 25.9 (22.5–29.7) 42.5 (33.9–51.6) 33.7 (26.0–42.3) 38.0 (32.2–44.3)
Mississippi 33.7 (28.6–39.1) 29.0 (25.5–32.8) 31.5 (28.2–34.9) 41.3 (34.7–48.2) 40.1 (32.2–48.6) 40.6 (36.1–45.2)
Missouri 34.3 (28.4–40.8) 34.8 (30.1–39.7) 34.5 (30.2–39.1) 44.2 (36.8–51.8) 35.4 (28.0–43.5) 39.9 (34.8–45.2)
Montana 35.0 (32.3–37.9) 33.4 (31.0–35.8) 34.2 (32.2–36.3) 37.8 (33.1–42.8) 32.0 (28.1–36.1) 34.9 (31.6–38.4)
Nebraska 24.9 (20.9–29.3) 20.5 (16.8–24.6) 22.7 (19.6–26.2) 47.6 (39.1–56.2) 30.6 (24.0–38.1) 39.6 (34.3–45.1)
Nevada 39.0 (33.3–45.0) 28.0 (23.3–33.1) 33.5 (28.8–38.5) 38.5 (32.4–45.0) 32.2 (24.8–40.6) 35.7 (30.9–40.7)
New Hampshire 31.1 (29.0–33.3) 28.6 (26.7–30.5) 29.9 (28.2–31.7) 47.7 (45.0–50.3) 37.2 (34.1–40.5) 42.3 (40.2–44.4)
New Mexico 27.0 (24.7–29.5) 25.1 (23.1–27.2) 26.1 (24.4–27.9) 45.2 (41.0–49.5) 33.1 (29.5–37.0) 39.3 (36.6–42.2)
New York 32.4 (28.9–36.2) 26.8 (22.0–32.1) 29.7 (26.3–33.4) 36.9 (34.5–39.5) 26.5 (22.3–31.1) 32.2 (29.2–35.4)
North Carolina 31.2 (27.7–34.9) 27.1 (22.6–32.0) 29.2 (26.0–32.5) 46.4 (41.6–51.2) 27.2 (22.1–32.9) 37.3 (32.8–42.0)
North Dakota 29.6 (25.7–33.8) 31.9 (27.8–36.2) 30.8 (27.7–34.0) 48.6 (43.2–54.0) 34.9 (30.0–40.1) 41.3 (37.8–44.9)
Oklahoma 26.7 (22.8–31.1) 27.9 (22.7–33.9) 27.3 (23.5–31.5) 57.3 (48.9–65.3) 33.2 (24.8–42.8) 45.2 (38.7–51.8)
Pennsylvania 32.6 (28.6–36.8) 28.6 (24.7–32.9) 30.6 (27.4–34.0) 49.8 (43.2–56.4) 40.3 (33.4–47.5) 45.2 (40.6–49.9)
Rhode Island 30.0 (24.9–35.6) 22.3 (18.4–26.7) 26.1 (22.1–30.6) 46.6 (40.4–52.9) 29.7 (24.4–35.7) 39.2 (34.1–44.6)
South Carolina 29.8 (25.3–34.8) 19.1 (14.2–25.1) 24.6 (21.2–28.2) 40.0 (31.2–49.6) 35.1 (23.1–49.3) 38.5 (31.0–46.5)
South Dakota 30.6 (24.3–37.9) 25.3 (19.9–31.5) 28.0 (23.1–33.6)
Tennessee
Vermont 30.3 (29.4–31.2) 29.5 (28.6–30.4) 30.0 (29.3–30.6) 46.3 (44.5–48.1) 35.3 (33.6–37.2) 40.8 (39.5–42.1)
Virginia 23.8 (20.9–27.0) 23.0 (20.3–25.9) 23.4 (21.1–25.8) 46.7 (40.4–53.1) 41.0 (34.7–47.5) 43.9 (39.4–48.6)
West Virginia 32.7 (28.2–37.5) 29.4 (26.0–33.0) 31.1 (28.1–34.2) 44.2 (38.0–50.6) 34.9 (28.7–41.6) 39.7 (36.5–43.1)
Wyoming 32.2 (28.8–35.9) 29.6 (25.1–34.6) 31.0 (28.1–34.0) 48.6 (42.0–55.1) 32.8 (26.9–39.2) 40.7 (36.2–45.4)
Median 31.0 27.9 29.8 45.8 33.9 39.8
Range (23.6–39.0) (19.1–34.8) (22.0–34.8) (36.9–57.3) (24.2–41.0) (32.2–45.3)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 23.4 (19.1–28.3) 17.0 (12.6–22.6) 20.5 (16.8–24.7) 26.9 (19.9–35.2)
Boston, MA 28.4 (24.7–32.4) 21.3 (17.9–25.1) 24.8 (22.3–27.6) 40.0 (32.9–47.5) 28.9 (22.1–36.8) 35.3 (30.1–40.8)
Broward County, FL 32.9 (28.4–37.8) 28.0 (23.1–33.5) 30.6 (27.1–34.3) 40.6 (33.6–48.1) 38.4 (29.1–48.7) 39.6 (34.7–44.8)
Cleveland, OH 28.8 (25.2–32.7) 26.2 (23.1–29.5) 27.9 (25.5–30.5)
DeKalb County, GA 23.0 (20.0–26.3) 18.5 (15.0–22.5) 20.8 (18.1–23.7) 40.9 (33.1–49.1) 28.2 (21.8–35.6) 35.1 (29.7–41.0)
Detroit, MI 25.1 (20.5–30.3) 19.4 (15.2–24.4) 22.6 (19.0–26.7) 37.7 (28.2–48.1) 39.6 (27.9–52.6) 37.9 (29.7–46.9)
District of Columbia 22.5 (21.4–23.7) 17.4 (16.2–18.6) 20.1 (19.3–21.0)
Duval County, FL 33.1 (30.0–36.3) 26.3 (23.7–29.0) 30.2 (28.1–32.5) 48.5 (43.7–53.4) 31.7 (26.4–37.5) 40.5 (36.7–44.5)
Ft. Worth, TX 30.3 (27.5–33.3) 25.9 (23.2–28.7) 28.1 (26.1–30.3) 46.0 (40.2–51.9) 32.1 (27.4–37.3) 39.9 (35.9–44.1)
Houston, TX 29.5 (26.8–32.4) 22.5 (20.0–25.2) 26.1 (24.1–28.1) 42.2 (37.1–47.5) 26.6 (21.2–32.8) 35.0 (31.2–39.0)
Los Angeles, CA 23.4 (20.4–26.6) 20.0 (14.6–26.7) 21.7 (18.0–26.0) 30.7 (23.0–39.6) 37.8 (30.8–45.4) 33.7 (27.7–40.2)
Miami-Dade County, FL 41.0 (36.7–45.6) 35.4 (32.4–38.4) 38.2 (35.2–41.4) 45.5 (40.5–50.6) 35.9 (30.5–41.7) 41.2 (37.8–44.6)
New York City, NY 23.8 (21.2–26.7) 17.6 (15.1–20.5) 20.9 (18.5–23.4) 33.3 (30.0–36.8) 31.7 (27.3–36.5) 32.4 (29.4–35.6)
Oakland, CA 22.4 (18.8–26.4) 21.8 (18.4–25.6) 22.1 (19.4–25.0)
Orange County, FL 32.5 (28.8–36.3) 25.8 (22.1–29.9) 29.1 (26.0–32.4) 49.9 (43.5–56.4) 38.3 (29.5–47.9) 44.8 (39.4–50.3)
Palm Beach County, FL 36.1 (32.2–40.1) 32.5 (29.1–36.2) 34.5 (31.4–37.7) 43.2 (37.5–49.1) 32.9 (27.2–39.3) 37.9 (33.7–42.2)
Philadelphia, PA 30.4 (26.8–34.2) 22.5 (18.6–27.0) 26.6 (23.5–29.8) 46.7 (41.3–52.1) 32.7 (24.8–41.8) 40.7 (36.4–45.2)
San Diego, CA 26.1 (22.9–29.6) 23.6 (20.6–26.9) 24.8 (22.3–27.5)
San Francisco, CA 21.2 (17.8–25.1) 15.8 (12.6–19.6) 18.4 (15.5–21.8)
Median 28.4 22.5 24.8 42.2 32.7 37.9
Range (21.2–41.0) (15.8–35.4) (18.4–38.2) (30.7–49.9) (26.6–39.6) (26.9–44.8)

*At least one drink of alcohol on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
During the 30 days before the survey, among students who currently drank alcohol.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 51. Percentage of high school students who drank five or more drinks of alcohol in a row* and whose largest number of drinks in a row was 10 or more, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Five or more drinks in a row Largest number of drinks in a row was 10 or more
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 18.6 (15.0–22.7) 21.0 (18.3–24.0) 19.7 (16.8–23.0) 2.4 (1.6–3.7) 6.6 (5.2–8.4) 4.5 (3.5–5.8)
Black 9.9 (6.8–14.3) 12.8 (9.7–16.6) 11.4 (8.8–14.7) 1.0 (0.6–1.6) 3.2 (1.7–5.9) 2.1 (1.3–3.3)
Hispanic 17.9 (15.4–20.7) 17.5 (15.4–19.8) 17.7 (15.8–19.7) 3.6 (2.7–4.8) 6.5 (4.9–8.6) 5.1 (4.2–6.2)
Grade
9 10.5 (8.8–12.6) 10.2 (8.6–12.1) 10.4 (9.1–11.8) 2.3 (1.5–3.4) 2.4 (1.4–4.1) 2.4 (1.7–3.3)
10 14.1 (10.9–18.1) 16.2 (12.7–20.3) 15.1 (12.2–18.6) 2.2 (1.4–3.6) 6.3 (4.7–8.5) 4.2 (3.2–5.6)
11 19.6 (16.1–23.8) 24.4 (21.1–28.1) 22.1 (19.6–24.7) 2.5 (1.4–4.4) 7.3 (5.6–9.4) 5.0 (3.9–6.4)
12 23.8 (20.7–27.1) 25.6 (21.3–30.4) 24.6 (21.5–28.0) 3.0 (2.0–4.6) 8.8 (6.5–11.8) 5.9 (4.5–7.9)
Total 16.8 (14.4–19.6) 18.6 (16.9–20.5) 17.7 (15.8–19.8) 2.5 (1.9–3.3) 6.1 (5.1–7.2) 4.3 (3.6–5.1)

*Within a couple of hours on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
Within a couple of hours during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 52. Percentage of high school students who drank five or more drinks of alcohol in a row* and whose largest number of drinks in a row was 10 or more, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Five or more drinks in a row Largest number of drinks in a row was 10 or more
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 16.2 (13.5–19.3) 15.8 (12.7–19.6) 16.1 (13.5–19.1) 2.8 (1.4–5.4) 6.1 (4.1–9.0) 4.4 (2.9–6.7)
Alaska 12.0 (9.6–14.9) 12.9 (10.4–16.0) 12.5 (10.8–14.5)
Arizona 19.7 (15.1–25.2) 18.3 (13.9–23.6) 19.0 (14.8–24.1)
Arkansas 14.8 (13.2–16.6) 18.0 (14.6–21.9) 16.3 (14.8–18.0) 2.9 (2.1–4.0) 9.0 (6.6–12.1) 5.9 (4.6–7.6)
California 14.8 (11.3–19.0) 15.7 (10.8–22.2) 15.1 (11.3–19.9) 2.1 (1.1–3.9) 3.8 (2.2–6.4) 2.9 (2.0–4.4)
Connecticut 14.1 (11.0–17.9) 13.6 (11.0–16.7) 14.0 (11.6–16.8)
Delaware 15.2 (12.4–18.5) 14.2 (11.5–17.5) 14.8 (12.6–17.3) 1.1 (0.6–1.9) 5.4 (3.6–7.8) 3.4 (2.5–4.6)
Florida 13.4 (11.8–15.1) 16.8 (15.2–18.6) 15.3 (13.9–16.8)
Hawaii 13.2 (11.7–14.9) 13.5 (11.3–16.1) 13.4 (12.2–14.8) 1.7 (1.2–2.4) 3.4 (2.4–4.9) 2.6 (2.0–3.2)
Idaho 15.5 (12.8–18.7) 15.5 (11.5–20.7) 15.6 (12.5–19.3)
Illinois 16.2 (12.7–20.5) 15.6 (10.9–21.9) 15.9 (13.0–19.4) 1.9 (1.0–3.6) 5.1 (2.4–10.6) 3.5 (2.0–5.9)
Indiana 16.3 (13.2–19.9) 18.4 (13.6–24.6) 17.4 (14.0–21.5) 1.7 (0.9–3.5) 6.7 (4.8–9.4) 4.3 (3.0–6.1)
Kentucky 18.0 (15.4–20.9) 17.5 (13.8–22.0) 17.7 (15.1–20.6) 4.0 (2.5–6.4) 5.5 (3.5–8.6) 4.7 (3.3–6.7)
Maine 11.1 (9.7–12.6) 12.1 (11.2–13.2) 11.7 (10.8–12.7)
Maryland 13.1 (12.5–13.9) 12.8 (12.1–13.4) 13.1 (12.5–13.6)
Massachusetts 15.5 (13.3–17.9) 19.9 (16.9–23.4) 17.7 (15.4–20.4)
Michigan 12.2 (9.2–16.0) 12.8 (9.5–17.1) 12.5 (9.9–15.7) 1.1 (0.5–2.2) 4.3 (2.8–6.4) 2.7 (1.8–3.9)
Mississippi 16.3 (12.4–21.0) 14.0 (10.8–18.0) 15.3 (12.6–18.4) 1.2 (0.6–2.5) 4.7 (2.8–7.7) 2.9 (2.0–4.2)
Missouri 17.8 (13.6–23.0) 21.3 (16.6–26.8) 19.5 (16.2–23.2)
Montana 20.3 (18.4–22.3) 21.1 (19.2–23.2) 20.7 (19.2–22.3) 3.5 (2.7–4.7) 8.4 (7.1–9.9) 6.0 (5.1–7.1)
Nebraska 14.4 (10.6–19.1) 14.4 (10.9–18.7) 14.3 (11.4–17.8) 2.6 (1.4–4.6) 4.1 (2.6–6.6) 3.3 (2.3–4.9)
Nevada 18.5 (15.3–22.1) 13.4 (10.8–16.5) 15.8 (13.5–18.5)
New Hampshire 16.1 (14.6–17.6) 17.2 (15.9–18.6) 16.8 (15.7–17.9)
New Mexico 13.8 (12.1–15.7) 15.2 (13.8–16.8) 14.6 (13.3–15.9) 2.7 (2.1–3.4) 4.6 (3.8–5.5) 3.6 (3.1–4.2)
New York 15.6 (13.2–18.3) 15.5 (11.9–19.9) 15.6 (12.9–18.6) 1.7 (1.1–2.8) 4.4 (2.8–6.7) 3.0 (2.2–4.2)
North Carolina 14.8 (11.7–18.5) 13.0 (10.9–15.5) 13.9 (12.1–15.8)
North Dakota 15.7 (12.9–19.0) 19.3 (16.0–23.1) 17.6 (15.3–20.1)
Oklahoma 14.2 (11.5–17.3) 18.9 (14.8–23.7) 16.5 (13.6–19.8) 2.3 (1.4–3.7) 9.3 (6.4–13.2) 5.8 (4.1–8.0)
Pennsylvania 14.4 (12.0–17.1) 16.3 (13.2–20.0) 15.4 (13.2–18.0)
Rhode Island 13.9 (10.0–19.0) 11.7 (8.7–15.5) 12.8 (9.7–16.7)
South Carolina 12.3 (9.4–15.8) 10.7 (7.2–15.7) 11.5 (9.1–14.4) 1.4 (0.9–2.3) 3.1 (1.6–5.9) 2.3 (1.5–3.5)
South Dakota 13.8 (10.4–18.2) 14.6 (10.1–20.6) 14.3 (11.1–18.3)
Tennessee
Vermont 14.6 (13.9–15.3) 17.2 (16.5–18.0) 16.0 (15.5–16.5) 1.7 (1.5–2.0) 5.5 (5.0–5.9) 3.6 (3.4–3.9)
Virginia 9.8 (8.1–11.9) 12.1 (10.2–14.3) 11.0 (9.5–12.6) 1.2 (0.7–2.0) 2.8 (2.0–3.9) 2.1 (1.6–2.6)
West Virginia 21.5 (17.8–25.7) 18.0 (15.4–21.0) 19.8 (17.8–21.9) 6.9 (4.7–10.2) 7.8 (5.6–10.8) 7.4 (6.1–8.9)
Wyoming 19.0 (16.1–22.3) 20.4 (16.9–24.3) 19.7 (17.3–22.3) 5.3 (3.7–7.5) 8.9 (6.9–11.5) 7.2 (5.8–8.8)
Median 14.8 15.5 15.5 2.0 5.2 3.5
Range (9.8–21.5) (10.7–21.3) (11.0–20.7) (1.1–6.9) (2.8–9.3) (2.1–7.4)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 8.7 (6.6–11.4) 7.6 (5.0–11.5) 8.3 (6.4–10.7) 1.2 (0.4–3.4) 1.5 (0.6–3.6) 1.5 (0.8–2.8)
Boston, MA 11.1 (8.7–14.1) 10.8 (8.4–13.8) 10.9 (9.2–12.9)
Broward County, FL 11.6 (9.1–14.7) 11.3 (8.8–14.5) 11.6 (9.6–13.9) 1.8 (0.9–3.9) 2.4 (1.3–4.4) 2.2 (1.4–3.5)
Cleveland, OH 12.7 (10.4–15.5) 13.5 (11.1–16.4) 13.3 (11.6–15.2)
DeKalb County, GA 7.4 (5.8–9.4) 8.7 (6.6–11.3) 8.0 (6.6–9.7)
Detroit, MI 9.7 (7.5–12.4) 7.9 (5.8–10.7) 9.0 (7.1–11.2) 0.4 (0.1–1.1) 0.9 (0.4–2.3) 0.7 (0.4–1.3)
District of Columbia 8.1 (7.4–8.9) 8.3 (7.5–9.2) 8.3 (7.8–8.9)
Duval County, FL 11.6 (9.8–13.6) 12.4 (10.4–14.7) 12.5 (11.0–14.2)
Ft. Worth, TX 14.1 (11.9–16.7) 14.6 (12.4–17.1) 14.5 (13.0–16.2) 1.8 (1.2–2.9) 5.1 (3.8–6.8) 3.4 (2.7–4.4)
Houston, TX 12.9 (11.3–14.8) 11.9 (10.1–13.8) 12.5 (11.2–13.9) 3.0 (2.1–4.3) 3.3 (2.4–4.6) 3.2 (2.4–4.1)
Los Angeles, CA 10.6 (8.2–13.5) 9.7 (6.5–14.3) 10.2 (8.0–12.9) 1.3 (0.9–2.0) 2.9 (1.7–5.0) 2.1 (1.4–3.1)
Miami-Dade County, FL 15.7 (13.2–18.7) 16.4 (14.0–19.2) 16.0 (14.0–18.4) 1.3 (0.9–2.1) 4.5 (3.3–6.1) 3.0 (2.3–3.8)
New York City, NY 9.1 (7.6–10.8) 7.8 (6.6–9.3) 8.5 (7.3–9.9) 1.2 (0.8–1.9) 1.2 (0.7–1.8) 1.2 (1.0–1.5)
Oakland, CA 8.9 (6.9–11.3) 12.1 (9.6–15.2) 10.7 (8.9–12.8) 1.7 (1.0–2.9) 2.7 (1.8–4.3) 2.2 (1.6–3.1)
Orange County, FL 12.1 (9.8–14.7) 12.4 (9.6–15.8) 12.3 (10.3–14.5) 0.9 (0.3–2.5) 3.9 (2.5–6.0) 2.4 (1.6–3.6)
Palm Beach County, FL 16.8 (14.2–19.7) 15.6 (13.4–18.2) 16.5 (14.5–18.7) 2.5 (1.6–3.9) 3.9 (2.7–5.8) 3.3 (2.3–4.6)
Philadelphia, PA 10.7 (8.4–13.6) 10.8 (8.1–14.2) 10.8 (8.6–13.5)
San Diego, CA 11.1 (9.0–13.6) 14.0 (11.8–16.4) 12.6 (10.9–14.5) 1.4 (0.8–2.4) 4.3 (3.2–5.9) 2.8 (2.2–3.7)
San Francisco, CA 9.7 (7.6–12.3) 8.1 (6.2–10.5) 8.8 (7.2–10.8) 1.6 (0.9–3.0) 0.7 (0.3–1.5) 1.2 (0.7–1.9)
Median 11.1 11.3 10.9 1.4 2.9 2.2
Range (7.4–16.8) (7.6–16.4) (8.0–16.5) (0.4–3.0) (0.7–5.1) (0.7–3.4)

*Within a couple of hours on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
Within a couple of hours during the 30 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 53. Percentage of high school students who ever used marijuana* and who tried marijuana for the first time before age 13 years, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Ever used marijuana Tried marijuana before age 13 years
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White§ 34.3 (29.0–40.0) 36.2 (31.6–41.1) 35.2 (30.9–39.8) 4.2 (3.0–5.7) 6.7 (5.2–8.7) 5.4 (4.3–6.9)
Black§ 40.5 (36.2–45.0) 49.7 (45.5–53.9) 45.5 (42.4–48.6) 7.4 (4.9–10.9) 13.0 (9.6–17.5) 10.6 (8.4–13.3)
Hispanic 45.3 (41.7–48.9) 46.0 (42.4–49.8) 45.6 (42.8–48.5) 8.2 (6.8–9.8) 13.6 (11.7–15.7) 10.9 (9.5–12.6)
Grade
9 25.3 (21.5–29.4) 26.5 (23.7–29.5) 25.9 (23.2–28.9) 6.8 (5.2–8.8) 9.9 (7.5–12.9) 8.5 (7.1–10.1)
10 33.8 (27.7–40.5) 37.1 (31.9–42.6) 35.5 (30.3–41.0) 7.2 (5.0–10.1) 9.4 (7.2–12.3) 8.3 (6.5–10.5)
11 43.6 (38.6–48.8) 46.9 (43.2–50.6) 45.2 (41.4–49.0) 4.5 (3.2–6.2) 8.9 (6.8–11.5) 6.7 (5.3–8.4)
12 48.8 (44.7–52.9) 50.9 (44.6–57.2) 49.8 (45.9–53.6) 3.7 (2.7–4.9) 8.5 (6.5–11.1) 6.1 (4.9–7.5)
Total 37.5 (33.7–41.3) 39.8 (36.5–43.1) 38.6 (35.5–41.8) 5.6 (4.6–6.9) 9.2 (7.7–11.0) 7.5 (6.5–8.7)

*One or more times during their life.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 54. Percentage of high school students who ever used marijuana* and who tried marijuana for the first time before age 13 years, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Ever used marijuana Tried marijuana before age 13 years
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 31.0 (25.9–36.5) 34.3 (30.0–38.9) 32.9 (29.4–36.6) 3.9 (2.4–6.4) 9.9 (7.7–12.7) 7.0 (5.6–8.8)
Alaska 35.4 (31.9–39.0) 41.8 (37.4–46.3) 38.8 (35.6–42.2) 6.1 (4.1–8.9) 13.1 (10.4–16.3) 9.9 (7.8–12.4)
Arizona 41.0 (34.9–47.4) 44.4 (38.2–50.9) 42.9 (37.1–48.8) 8.9 (6.8–11.5) 10.7 (8.6–13.4) 10.0 (8.3–12.0)
Arkansas 33.2 (28.2–38.5) 36.0 (29.6–42.8) 34.5 (31.2–38.0) 6.9 (5.7–8.4) 14.0 (11.1–17.4) 10.4 (8.6–12.6)
California 38.7 (32.3–45.6) 38.5 (33.8–43.5) 38.6 (33.5–43.9) 6.7 (4.7–9.6) 8.3 (6.3–10.9) 7.5 (5.8–9.7)
Connecticut 35.2 (30.8–39.9) 35.3 (31.8–39.0) 35.4 (32.2–38.8) 3.1 (1.7–5.6) 8.2 (6.4–10.5) 5.8 (4.5–7.6)
Delaware 40.9 (36.0–46.0) 41.6 (37.6–45.8) 41.5 (37.5–45.5) 4.7 (3.5–6.4) 10.4 (8.1–13.2) 7.8 (6.4–9.4)
Florida 35.6 (33.8–37.5) 37.4 (34.7–40.2) 36.6 (34.8–38.6) 6.1 (5.4–7.0) 10.7 (9.3–12.3) 8.6 (7.6–9.7)
Hawaii § 7.2 (5.8–8.9) 11.6 (9.5–14.1) 9.5 (8.0–11.3)
Idaho 30.9 (26.8–35.4) 32.0 (26.9–37.6) 31.5 (27.9–35.5) 4.1 (2.7–6.1) 7.6 (5.4–10.6) 6.0 (4.7–7.7)
Illinois 36.7 (30.6–43.2) 35.8 (29.9–42.3) 36.3 (31.4–41.6) 4.7 (3.5–6.3) 9.8 (7.6–12.7) 7.3 (6.1–8.8)
Indiana 34.3 (29.4–39.5) 35.6 (30.6–40.9) 35.1 (31.0–39.5) 5.2 (3.5–7.7) 6.9 (5.8–8.2) 6.2 (5.3–7.4)
Kentucky 32.6 (27.6–38.1) 33.7 (29.4–38.3) 33.1 (29.9–36.5) 6.3 (4.1–9.6) 6.1 (4.1–9.1) 6.3 (4.5–8.7)
Maine 35.6 (33.7–37.5) 33.5 (31.4–35.7) 34.7 (33.1–36.3) 5.8 (4.9–6.9) 8.3 (7.3–9.4) 7.2 (6.5–7.9)
Maryland 32.1 (31.1–33.2) 32.6 (31.5–33.6) 32.5 (31.6–33.3) 5.9 (5.5–6.3) 9.8 (9.3–10.4) 8.0 (7.6–8.4)
Massachusetts 40.2 (36.6–43.9) 41.6 (37.3–46.1) 40.9 (37.6–44.4) 4.0 (3.1–5.2) 8.5 (6.8–10.5) 6.3 (5.1–7.6)
Michigan 33.2 (29.4–37.2) 34.6 (30.6–38.9) 33.9 (30.8–37.1) 3.3 (2.0–5.5) 8.5 (6.8–10.5) 5.9 (4.8–7.4)
Mississippi 31.5 (26.0–37.6) 38.6 (34.7–42.7) 35.1 (31.0–39.4) 4.8 (3.5–6.6) 13.7 (10.6–17.6) 9.4 (7.7–11.3)
Missouri
Montana 38.1 (33.6–42.8) 37.1 (33.8–40.4) 37.5 (34.1–41.1) 7.3 (5.7–9.2) 8.8 (7.6–10.1) 8.0 (6.9–9.4)
Nebraska 27.6 (23.5–32.1) 25.2 (20.7–30.3) 26.6 (22.9–30.6) 5.6 (3.7–8.3) 7.0 (4.7–10.3) 6.3 (4.5–8.6)
Nevada 42.6 (37.3–48.1) 39.2 (32.9–45.8) 40.9 (36.2–45.8) 6.4 (4.4–9.2) 11.1 (8.5–14.3) 8.8 (7.0–10.9)
New Hampshire 4.0 (3.1–5.1) 8.0 (7.2–8.9) 6.1 (5.6–6.8)
New Mexico 14.3 (12.4–16.3) 18.6 (16.7–20.6) 16.5 (14.9–18.2)
New York 3.8 (2.9–5.0) 8.8 (7.3–10.5) 6.5 (5.6–7.6)
North Carolina 40.9 (36.3–45.7) 41.0 (38.1–44.0) 41.2 (37.8–44.5) 5.3 (3.9–7.1) 11.1 (9.4–12.9) 8.3 (7.3–9.5)
North Dakota 4.1 (2.7–6.4) 6.4 (4.7–8.8) 5.3 (4.1–6.9)
Oklahoma 28.5 (24.3–33.1) 36.2 (30.3–42.5) 32.4 (28.0–37.1) 2.9 (1.8–4.5) 11.9 (7.3–18.8) 7.2 (4.8–10.8)
Pennsylvania 29.0 (24.7–33.7) 34.0 (30.1–38.3) 31.5 (27.9–35.4) 4.1 (2.7–6.3) 7.9 (6.1–10.1) 6.1 (4.6–7.9)
Rhode Island 39.3 (36.3–42.5) 37.8 (35.2–40.5) 38.7 (36.2–41.2) 4.9 (3.5–6.6) 8.1 (5.8–11.2) 6.7 (5.1–8.8)
South Carolina 34.9 (27.7–42.9) 34.1 (28.9–39.6) 34.5 (29.0–40.4) 6.2 (3.9–9.7) 10.5 (7.6–14.3) 8.4 (6.4–10.9)
South Dakota 26.2 (18.9–35.1) 23.8 (18.9–29.5) 25.0 (19.3–31.7) 3.8 (1.8–7.7) 8.2 (5.2–12.7) 6.0 (4.0–9.0)
Tennessee
Vermont 4.7 (4.3–5.1) 8.0 (7.5–8.6) 6.5 (6.2–6.8)
Virginia 29.6 (26.5–32.9) 30.6 (27.7–33.7) 30.1 (27.7–32.7) 4.4 (3.3–6.0) 7.7 (6.2–9.6) 6.1 (4.9–7.6)
West Virginia 36.1 (31.2–41.3) 33.2 (28.1–38.8) 34.7 (30.2–39.4) 7.4 (5.5–9.9) 9.3 (6.3–13.7) 8.4 (6.0–11.6)
Wyoming 33.1 (28.7–37.8) 34.8 (29.7–40.4) 34.0 (29.6–38.7) 6.9 (4.7–9.9) 8.9 (6.9–11.4) 7.9 (6.0–10.5)
Median 34.9 35.6 34.7 5.2 8.8 7.2
Range (26.2–42.6) (23.8–44.4) (25.0–42.9) (2.9–14.3) (6.1–18.6) (5.3–16.5)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 45.3 (40.1–50.6) 45.8 (39.8–51.9) 45.8 (41.7–50.1) 10.1 (7.8–13.1) 21.2 (16.1–27.4) 15.7 (12.7–19.4)
Boston, MA 4.6 (3.2–6.5) 9.4 (7.2–12.4) 7.0 (5.5–8.9)
Broward County, FL 40.6 (36.5–45.0) 39.8 (35.0–44.7) 40.1 (36.6–43.8) 6.1 (4.5–8.3) 9.3 (7.3–11.8) 7.8 (6.4–9.3)
Cleveland, OH 41.5 (36.6–46.5) 44.4 (39.9–49.1) 43.2 (39.6–46.8) 8.7 (6.6–11.5) 17.2 (14.2–20.6) 13.2 (11.1–15.7)
DeKalb County, GA 40.5 (36.3–44.8) 40.4 (36.1–44.9) 40.5 (37.3–43.8) 5.3 (4.0–7.0) 14.0 (11.6–16.8) 9.7 (8.2–11.4)
Detroit, MI 41.4 (37.4–45.6) 41.5 (36.0–47.3) 41.7 (38.0–45.6) 9.3 (7.4–11.5) 14.0 (11.0–17.8) 11.5 (9.6–13.8)
District of Columbia 11.0 (10.2–12.0) 20.0 (18.7–21.3) 15.6 (14.8–16.3)
Duval County, FL 9.1 (7.2–11.4) 13.0 (10.9–15.3) 11.5 (9.9–13.3)
Ft. Worth, TX 37.3 (33.8–41.0) 41.3 (38.2–44.5) 39.3 (36.7–41.9) 6.2 (4.8–7.8) 11.8 (9.7–14.2) 9.0 (7.7–10.5)
Houston, TX 37.6 (34.7–40.5) 39.5 (36.7–42.4) 38.7 (36.5–40.9) 7.0 (5.7–8.6) 11.7 (10.0–13.7) 9.5 (8.2–10.8)
Los Angeles, CA 36.5 (31.6–41.8) 32.7 (27.8–38.1) 34.7 (30.5–39.2) 6.4 (5.0–8.3) 9.2 (6.7–12.3) 7.8 (6.1–9.8)
Miami-Dade County, FL 30.4 (26.4–34.7) 36.2 (31.9–40.8) 33.3 (29.9–36.8) 3.0 (2.1–4.2) 8.5 (6.7–10.5) 5.7 (4.7–6.9)
New York City, NY 4.8 (4.0–5.9) 7.4 (6.1–9.0) 6.2 (5.3–7.4)
Oakland, CA 45.6 (41.2–50.0) 45.3 (40.7–49.9) 45.6 (42.8–48.4)
Orange County, FL 31.8 (27.3–36.7) 36.1 (31.6–40.9) 33.9 (30.7–37.3) 3.5 (2.4–5.2) 10.9 (8.5–13.9) 7.2 (5.7–9.0)
Palm Beach County, FL 40.2 (36.9–43.7) 42.4 (38.9–45.9) 41.5 (38.8–44.2) 5.9 (4.6–7.6) 12.8 (10.7–15.1) 9.7 (8.2–11.6)
Philadelphia, PA 40.8 (33.4–48.6) 40.1 (34.4–46.1) 40.6 (34.5–47.0) 6.4 (4.5–8.8) 11.2 (8.9–13.9) 8.8 (6.9–11.0)
San Diego, CA 34.2 (29.4–39.3) 37.7 (34.1–41.4) 35.9 (32.5–39.6) 3.9 (2.7–5.6) 11.1 (9.2–13.3) 7.5 (6.4–8.9)
San Francisco, CA 30.7 (25.9–36.0) 26.9 (22.6–31.6) 28.7 (24.6–33.2) 6.5 (4.6–9.1) 6.2 (4.4–8.5) 6.5 (4.9–8.4)
Median 40.2 40.1 40.1 6.3 11.4 8.9
Range (30.4–45.6) (26.9–45.8) (28.7–45.8) (3.0–11.0) (6.2–21.2) (5.7–15.7)

*One or more times during their life.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 55. Percentage of high school students who currently used marijuana* and who usually used marijuana by smoking it, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Current marijuana use Usually used marijuana by smoking it
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 18.7 (15.3–22.6) 21.2 (17.2–26.0) 19.9 (16.8–23.5) 91.9 (88.6–94.4) 90.5 (86.3–93.5) 91.2 (88.5–93.2)
Black 22.1 (19.4–25.0) 31.3 (26.2–36.9) 27.1 (24.0–30.4) 93.4 (85.8–97.1) 93.2 (86.5–96.7) 92.2 (88.0–95.0)
Hispanic 23.5 (19.7–27.7) 25.5 (22.7–28.6) 24.5 (21.6–27.6) 91.1 (85.1–94.8) 88.5 (83.6–92.1) 89.7 (85.1–93.1)
Grade
9 14.7 (12.1–17.7) 15.5 (13.4–17.9) 15.2 (13.3–17.3) 89.5 (79.6–94.9) 89.5 (82.4–93.9) 88.7 (83.3–92.6)
10 17.5 (13.7–22.3) 22.6 (18.9–26.7) 20.0 (16.5–24.1) 91.4 (86.4–94.6) 89.6 (84.2–93.2) 90.4 (87.5–92.6)
11 24.3 (21.4–27.4) 25.5 (22.4–28.9) 24.8 (22.3–27.5) 92.1 (85.6–95.8) 91.3 (85.9–94.8) 90.6 (85.9–93.8)
12 24.6 (21.2–28.3) 30.5 (24.6–37.2) 27.6 (23.8–31.6) 96.7 (93.8–98.3) 87.4 (81.3–91.7) 91.3 (87.1–94.2)
Total 20.1 (17.6–22.9) 23.2 (20.4–26.3) 21.7 (19.3–24.2) 92.5 (90.1–94.3) 89.0 (85.9–91.4) 90.0 (87.5–92.1)

*One or more times during the 30 days before the survey.
In a joint, bong, pipe, or blunt during the 30 days before the survey, among the 21.7% of students who currently used marijuana.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 56. Percentage of high school students who currently used marijuana,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site
Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
State surveys            
Alabama 15.8 (12.9–19.0) 18.6 (15.5–22.2) 17.3 (15.2–19.6)
Alaska 16.5 (13.7–19.9) 21.3 (18.0–24.9) 19.0 (16.8–21.4)
Arizona 22.1 (17.3–27.8) 24.1 (21.2–27.4) 23.3 (19.6–27.5)
Arkansas 16.5 (13.9–19.5) 19.0 (15.8–22.7) 17.8 (15.9–19.7)
California 22.5 (17.3–28.8) 23.0 (18.1–28.7) 22.9 (18.5–27.9)
Connecticut 20.9 (17.3–25.0) 19.7 (16.8–23.1) 20.4 (17.6–23.4)
Delaware 23.2 (18.8–28.4) 23.1 (19.8–26.7) 23.3 (20.3–26.7)
Florida 20.1 (18.6–21.8) 22.5 (20.3–24.9) 21.5 (20.0–23.2)
Hawaii 18.6 (16.1–21.3) 20.0 (17.2–23.0) 19.4 (17.6–21.4)
Idaho 17.4 (13.9–21.4) 16.6 (12.8–21.3) 17.0 (14.1–20.5)
Illinois 19.6 (16.1–23.6) 17.7 (13.9–22.3) 18.7 (15.9–21.8)
Indiana 15.9 (12.7–19.7) 16.4 (13.8–19.4) 16.4 (14.1–18.9)
Kentucky 16.9 (13.3–21.1) 17.5 (14.6–20.8) 17.2 (14.7–20.0)
Maine 19.4 (17.9–21.0) 20.2 (18.7–21.7) 19.9 (18.7–21.1)
Maryland 18.2 (17.4–18.9) 19.4 (18.6–20.2) 18.8 (18.2–19.5)
Massachusetts 23.0 (19.8–26.5) 26.3 (23.2–29.7) 24.5 (21.8–27.5)
Michigan 17.9 (14.9–21.4) 20.8 (17.1–24.9) 19.3 (16.5–22.5)
Mississippi 17.7 (14.7–21.2) 21.6 (18.5–25.0) 19.7 (17.3–22.3)
Missouri 12.6 (10.0–15.7) 20.0 (16.7–23.9) 16.3 (13.6–19.3)
Montana 19.5 (16.7–22.6) 19.6 (17.6–21.7) 19.5 (17.4–21.8)
Nebraska 14.4 (10.8–18.8) 12.7 (9.6–16.7) 13.7 (10.8–17.2)
Nevada 20.9 (16.8–25.5) 17.7 (14.5–21.4) 19.3 (16.3–22.7)
New Hampshire 20.0 (18.4–21.7) 23.9 (21.9–26.0) 22.2 (20.8–23.7)
New Mexico 24.9 (22.6–27.2) 25.6 (23.9–27.5) 25.3 (23.6–27.1)
New York 19.1 (16.4–22.2) 18.9 (16.0–22.2) 19.3 (16.9–21.8)
North Carolina 21.6 (17.3–26.7) 22.8 (19.6–26.4) 22.3 (20.1–24.7)
North Dakota 14.6 (11.8–17.8) 15.8 (13.1–18.9) 15.2 (13.1–17.6)
Oklahoma 14.7 (11.4–18.8) 20.7 (16.1–26.1) 17.5 (14.2–21.5)
Pennsylvania 15.9 (13.1–19.1) 20.3 (17.3–23.8) 18.2 (15.9–20.7)
Rhode Island 22.7 (20.3–25.3) 24.3 (22.2–26.5) 23.6 (22.0–25.2)
South Carolina 19.1 (14.3–25.1) 16.5 (12.7–21.1) 17.8 (14.3–21.9)
South Dakota 13.2 (8.8–19.2) 11.5 (7.6–17.0) 12.4 (8.4–17.7)
Tennessee §
Vermont 20.7 (19.9–21.5) 23.8 (23.0–24.6) 22.4 (21.8–22.9)
Virginia 14.9 (12.7–17.5) 17.5 (15.1–20.1) 16.2 (14.4–18.2)
West Virginia 16.3 (13.0–20.3) 16.7 (13.0–21.2) 16.5 (13.4–20.3)
Wyoming 17.4 (14.0–21.4) 19.2 (16.2–22.6) 18.3 (15.4–21.6)
Median 18.4 19.8 19.1
Range (12.6–24.9) (11.5–26.3) (12.4–25.3)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 23.2 (18.8–28.3) 22.9 (17.6–29.2) 23.4 (19.4–28.0)
Boston, MA 21.7 (17.8–26.3) 22.8 (19.3–26.7) 22.3 (19.6–25.2)
Broward County, FL 22.6 (19.1–26.6) 25.2 (21.3–29.6) 24.0 (21.5–26.6)
Cleveland, OH 21.7 (17.9–26.0) 26.3 (22.9–30.1) 24.2 (21.4–27.1)
DeKalb County, GA 20.3 (17.5–23.4) 23.9 (20.1–28.1) 22.2 (19.6–25.0)
Detroit, MI 22.6 (19.0–26.7) 22.5 (18.4–27.3) 22.6 (19.5–26.0)
District of Columbia 29.1 (27.8–30.4) 28.2 (26.8–29.6) 28.7 (27.8–29.7)
Duval County, FL 23.8 (21.5–26.4) 25.4 (22.9–28.0) 25.0 (23.1–27.0)
Ft. Worth, TX 17.4 (14.9–20.2) 20.7 (17.8–23.9) 19.1 (17.1–21.2)
Houston, TX 17.5 (15.6–19.5) 19.8 (17.6–22.3) 18.8 (17.2–20.5)
Los Angeles, CA 15.9 (12.4–20.1) 17.4 (13.5–21.9) 16.6 (14.1–19.4)
Miami-Dade County, FL 16.0 (13.2–19.2) 22.5 (19.5–25.7) 19.2 (16.9–21.7)
New York City, NY 15.8 (13.3–18.7) 15.7 (13.7–18.0) 15.9 (13.9–18.0)
Oakland, CA 25.4 (22.0–29.0) 24.9 (21.5–28.5) 25.3 (23.0–27.7)
Orange County, FL 17.0 (14.0–20.5) 21.5 (17.9–25.5) 19.1 (16.8–21.7)
Palm Beach County, FL 20.5 (17.7–23.6) 24.9 (21.9–28.1) 23.0 (20.9–25.4)
Philadelphia, PA 21.1 (15.4–28.2) 21.6 (17.8–25.9) 21.6 (16.8–27.3)
San Diego, CA 15.3 (12.7–18.2) 20.6 (17.9–23.6) 18.0 (16.0–20.1)
San Francisco, CA 18.4 (14.4–23.3) 16.3 (12.6–20.8) 17.4 (13.9–21.5)
Median 20.5 22.5 22.2
Range (15.3–29.1) (15.7–28.2) (15.9–28.7)

*One or more times during the 30 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 57. Percentage of high school students who ever used synthetic marijuana* and who ever used hallucinogenic drugs, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Ever used synthetic marijuana Ever used hallucinogenic drugs
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 7.6 (5.8–9.9) 9.9 (8.2–11.9) 8.8 (7.2–10.7) 4.7 (3.4–6.5) 8.1 (6.6–9.9) 6.4 (5.0–8.1)
Black 5.9 (4.1–8.5) 8.9 (6.4–12.3) 7.8 (6.0–9.9) 1.9 (0.7–5.3) 6.7 (4.4–10.1) 4.7 (3.1–7.2)
Hispanic 10.3 (8.4–12.6) 12.9 (10.7–15.6) 11.7 (9.8–13.9) 6.1 (4.7–7.8) 7.4 (5.4–10.1) 6.8 (5.3–8.7)
Grade
9 7.2 (5.7–9.0) 6.7 (5.1–8.9) 7.1 (5.7–8.7) 3.1 (2.1–4.6) 5.9 (4.6–7.5) 4.7 (3.7–6.0)
10 7.9 (5.9–10.4) 9.7 (7.5–12.5) 8.8 (6.9–11.2) 5.3 (3.7–7.5) 7.0 (5.0–9.8) 6.2 (4.6–8.2)
11 8.8 (7.0–11.0) 11.1 (9.3–13.1) 10.0 (8.4–11.9) 5.9 (4.2–8.4) 7.0 (5.6–8.7) 6.7 (5.2–8.6)
12 7.6 (5.7–10.0) 14.2 (11.0–18.1) 11.0 (9.1–13.3) 3.9 (2.6–5.6) 12.0 (8.6–16.4) 8.0 (6.0–10.6)
Total 7.9 (6.6–9.5) 10.3 (8.8–12.0) 9.2 (7.9–10.8) 4.6 (3.6–5.9) 8.0 (6.7–9.5) 6.4 (5.3–7.7)

*Also called K2, Spice, fake weed,” King Kong, Yucatan Fire, Skunk, or Moon Rocks, one or more times during their life.
Such as LSD, acid, PCP, angel dust, mescaline, or mushrooms, one or more times during their life.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 58. Percentage of high school students who ever used synthetic marijuana,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
State surveys            
Alabama 7.8 (5.8–10.4) 12.2 (9.8–14.9) 10.1 (8.4–12.1)
Alaska 5.1 (3.5–7.3) 9.2 (7.1–11.8) 7.5 (6.0–9.3)
Arizona §
Arkansas 9.2 (6.5–12.7) 13.8 (9.8–19.1) 11.7 (8.7–15.5)
California 8.1 (6.2–10.4) 7.8 (5.4–11.3) 7.9 (6.1–10.2)
Connecticut 5.0 (3.6–7.0) 7.9 (6.2–9.9) 6.7 (5.4–8.2)
Delaware 5.2 (3.8–7.2) 8.3 (6.4–10.9) 7.1 (5.8–8.7)
Florida
Hawaii 5.7 (4.6–7.0) 8.8 (7.5–10.2) 7.5 (6.4–8.8)
Idaho 7.2 (5.1–10.0) 9.3 (7.1–12.2) 8.4 (6.9–10.2)
Illinois
Indiana 9.3 (6.6–12.9) 12.1 (8.7–16.4) 10.8 (8.0–14.3)
Kentucky 11.6 (9.1–14.8) 8.5 (6.5–11.2) 10.3 (8.6–12.4)
Maine
Maryland 7.5 (7.1–7.9) 10.5 (9.9–11.2) 9.2 (8.8–9.7)
Massachusetts 5.8 (4.4–7.6) 9.5 (7.6–11.8) 7.9 (6.4–9.7)
Michigan 6.1 (4.6–8.1) 9.4 (7.5–11.7) 7.8 (6.3–9.6)
Mississippi 7.3 (5.7–9.3) 11.7 (9.2–14.7) 9.7 (8.0–11.6)
Missouri
Montana 8.9 (7.1–11.0) 10.1 (8.7–11.9) 9.6 (8.1–11.2)
Nebraska 7.6 (5.6–10.4) 6.9 (4.7–10.0) 7.5 (5.6–9.9)
Nevada 9.6 (7.7–11.9) 10.4 (8.2–13.2) 10.0 (8.2–12.3)
New Hampshire 7.6 (6.7–8.6) 10.5 (9.5–11.6) 9.2 (8.4–10.0)
New Mexico
New York 8.5 (6.5–11.0) 10.8 (8.4–13.6) 10.0 (8.0–12.3)
North Carolina
North Dakota
Oklahoma 6.7 (4.7–9.3) 12.0 (9.1–15.7) 9.3 (7.2–11.8)
Pennsylvania 7.6 (6.0–9.7) 10.8 (8.7–13.2) 9.2 (7.7–11.0)
Rhode Island 8.0 (5.5–11.5) 9.2 (7.5–11.1) 8.8 (7.3–10.5)
South Carolina 4.8 (2.6–8.5) 7.9 (5.0–12.1) 6.4 (4.4–9.1)
South Dakota 4.4 (2.5–7.6) 9.0 (5.4–14.7) 6.8 (4.2–10.9)
Tennessee
Vermont
Virginia 5.6 (4.5–7.0) 6.2 (5.1–7.5) 5.9 (5.1–6.9)
West Virginia 14.3 (11.4–17.7) 14.8 (11.8–18.4) 14.6 (12.3–17.3)
Wyoming 9.9 (7.7–12.8) 10.5 (8.5–12.8) 10.2 (8.5–12.2)
Median 7.6 9.5 9.2
Range (4.4–14.3) (6.2–14.8) (5.9–14.6)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 8.8 (6.6–11.8) 15.6 (11.6–20.5) 13.3 (10.5–16.6)
Boston, MA 3.9 (2.7–5.6) 8.0 (5.7–11.2) 6.0 (4.7–7.7)
Broward County, FL 5.3 (3.8–7.4) 8.6 (6.1–11.9) 7.1 (5.6–9.0)
Cleveland, OH 8.1 (6.1–10.6) 15.1 (12.3–18.4) 12.5 (10.4–15.0)
DeKalb County, GA 2.9 (1.9–4.3) 6.6 (4.7–9.1) 4.9 (3.8–6.3)
Detroit, MI 4.4 (3.1–6.4) 7.5 (5.6–10.1) 6.1 (4.8–7.8)
District of Columbia 6.9 (6.2–7.7) 9.9 (9.0–10.9) 8.6 (8.0–9.2)
Duval County, FL 7.4 (5.9–9.2) 11.3 (9.4–13.6) 9.9 (8.5–11.5)
Ft. Worth, TX 8.7 (7.0–10.8) 11.3 (9.3–13.6) 9.9 (8.6–11.4)
Houston, TX 10.8 (9.2–12.6) 13.0 (11.1–15.2) 12.3 (10.8–13.9)
Los Angeles, CA 6.4 (5.1–8.1) 6.4 (4.9–8.2) 6.5 (5.5–7.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL 5.1 (3.8–6.9) 8.0 (6.3–10.1) 6.5 (5.4–8.0)
New York City, NY 3.9 (3.1–4.8) 6.5 (5.2–8.3) 5.4 (4.6–6.3)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 7.7 (5.9–10.1) 10.6 (8.1–13.8) 9.2 (7.6–11.2)
Palm Beach County, FL 7.6 (5.8–9.8) 12.1 (9.7–14.8) 10.7 (9.0–12.6)
Philadelphia, PA 7.7 (5.7–10.4) 12.4 (9.2–16.6) 10.2 (7.8–13.2)
San Diego, CA 6.7 (5.0–8.8) 9.8 (8.3–11.5) 8.3 (7.1–9.6)
San Francisco, CA
Median 6.9 9.9 8.6
Range (2.9–10.8) (6.4–15.6) (4.9–13.3)

*Also called K2, Spice, fake weed,” King Kong, Yucatan Fire, Skunk, or Moon Rocks, one or more times during their life.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 59. Percentage of high school students who ever used cocaine* and who ever used ecstasy, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Ever used cocaine Ever used ecstasy
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 3.3 (2.3–4.7) 5.0 (3.9–6.3) 4.1 (3.3–5.2) 4.0 (2.9–5.4) 4.7 (3.6–5.9) 4.3 (3.4–5.3)
Black 1.8 (0.8–3.8) 5.3 (3.6–7.8) 3.8 (2.5–6.0) 2.5 (1.6–4.0) 5.9 (3.8–9.1) 4.3 (3.0–6.1)
Hispanic 6.6 (5.2–8.2) 9.4 (7.3–12.0) 8.0 (6.6–9.7) 4.1 (2.8–6.0) 7.8 (6.5–9.4) 6.1 (4.9–7.5)
Grade
9 3.3 (2.3–4.7) 3.3 (2.2–5.0) 3.4 (2.6–4.5) 2.8 (1.9–4.0) 3.6 (2.4–5.3) 3.2 (2.5–4.1)
10 3.8 (2.6–5.6) 6.4 (4.7–8.8) 5.1 (3.8–6.8) 3.7 (2.6–5.2) 6.0 (4.5–8.1) 4.9 (3.7–6.4)
11 3.3 (2.2–4.9) 6.2 (4.7–8.2) 5.0 (3.9–6.5) 4.8 (3.4–6.8) 6.2 (4.6–8.2) 5.7 (4.6–7.1)
12 4.5 (3.4–6.0) 9.7 (7.1–13.2) 7.2 (5.6–9.1) 4.0 (2.8–5.6) 8.0 (6.1–10.6) 6.1 (4.8–7.7)
Total 3.8 (3.1–4.6) 6.3 (5.1–7.9) 5.2 (4.3–6.2) 3.9 (3.1–4.7) 6.0 (4.9–7.3) 5.0 (4.3–5.8)

*Any form of cocaine, such as powder, crack, or freebase, one or more times during their life.
Also called “MDMA,” one or more times during their life.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 60. Percentage of high school students who ever used cocaine* and who ever used ecstasy, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Ever used cocaine Ever used ecstasy
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 3.5 (2.1–5.9) 8.1 (6.1–10.8) 6.1 (4.4–8.4) 5.2 (3.3–8.3) 8.0 (5.3–12.0) 7.0 (4.8–10.1)
Alaska 2.5 (1.5–4.3) 6.0 (4.0–8.8) 4.6 (3.3–6.4) 2.1 (1.2–3.4) 5.5 (3.9–7.8) 4.1 (3.0–5.7)
Arizona 7.5 (4.9–11.4) 10.2 (8.3–12.5) 9.2 (7.3–11.5)
Arkansas 4.7 (3.7–6.0) 10.5 (7.3–14.9) 7.7 (5.7–10.4) 4.2 (3.3–5.5) 8.3 (5.5–12.4) 6.5 (5.2–8.2)
California 5.3 (3.8–7.3) 6.3 (3.7–10.5) 5.8 (3.9–8.5) 6.4 (4.7–8.6) 7.0 (4.3–11.1) 6.8 (4.8–9.7)
Connecticut 2.6 (1.7–3.9) 6.1 (4.5–8.2) 4.6 (3.5–6.0) 3.2 (2.4–4.3) 5.6 (4.5–7.0) 4.6 (3.9–5.4)
Delaware 2.9 (1.9–4.5) 5.2 (3.7–7.4) 4.4 (3.4–5.6) 3.5 (2.4–5.1) 5.5 (3.9–7.7) 4.7 (3.6–6.1)
Florida 4.3 (3.5–5.2) 7.7 (6.6–9.1) 6.2 (5.4–7.2)
Hawaii 4.1 (3.0–5.7) 7.0 (5.7–8.5) 5.7 (4.7–6.8) 6.8 (5.3–8.7) 8.5 (7.1–10.3) 8.0 (6.7–9.5)
Idaho 4.2 (2.8–6.1) 5.0 (3.7–6.7) 4.7 (3.7–5.9)
Illinois 2.9 (2.2–3.8) 7.9 (6.2–9.9) 5.4 (4.4–6.7) 4.2 (3.1–5.7) 7.8 (6.0–10.1) 6.1 (5.0–7.5)
Indiana 2.7 (1.7–4.2) 5.2 (3.4–7.9) 4.0 (2.9–5.7) 3.3 (1.8–5.9) 6.4 (3.9–10.5) 5.0 (3.3–7.5)
Kentucky 4.2 (2.8–6.4) 4.5 (3.4–5.8) 4.6 (3.4–6.0) 4.1 (2.6–6.4) 5.8 (4.3–7.7) 5.0 (3.9–6.5)
Maine
Maryland 3.6 (3.3–4.0) 6.7 (6.1–7.2) 5.4 (5.1–5.8) 4.3 (4.0–4.7) 7.9 (7.4–8.5) 6.4 (6.1–6.8)
Massachusetts 2.6 (1.7–4.0) 6.1 (4.6–8.0) 4.5 (3.3–6.0) 2.5 (1.6–4.0) 5.6 (4.3–7.3) 4.3 (3.3–5.6)
Michigan 2.7 (1.5–4.9) 5.5 (4.1–7.2) 4.2 (3.1–5.5)
Mississippi 4.7 (3.2–6.8) 7.9 (6.3–9.9) 6.5 (5.3–8.0) 4.9 (3.3–7.3) 10.1 (7.2–14.0) 7.8 (6.0–10.1)
Missouri
Montana 4.5 (3.7–5.6) 5.7 (4.6–7.0) 5.2 (4.4–6.1) 4.6 (3.8–5.6) 7.4 (6.2–8.9) 6.1 (5.2–7.0)
Nebraska 5.2 (3.5–7.7) 5.2 (3.4–7.9) 5.3 (4.0–7.1) 5.0 (3.7–6.7) 5.2 (3.4–7.8) 5.1 (3.9–6.8)
Nevada 6.9 (4.4–10.7) 6.2 (3.9–9.7) 6.6 (4.6–9.4) 6.5 (4.2–10.1) 7.8 (6.4–9.6) 7.3 (6.0–8.9)
New Hampshire 3.1 (2.6–3.7) 6.5 (5.8–7.3) 4.9 (4.4–5.5) 3.4 (2.8–4.1) 5.4 (4.8–6.1) 4.5 (4.0–5.0)
New Mexico 6.4 (5.6–7.4) 11.0 (10.0–12.2) 8.8 (8.0–9.6) 6.6 (5.6–7.6) 9.2 (8.1–10.5) 7.9 (7.2–8.8)
New York 5.4 (3.7–7.8) 9.2 (7.5–11.3) 7.6 (6.0–9.6)
North Carolina 3.5 (2.0–6.0) 5.1 (4.0–6.4) 4.5 (3.4–5.9)
North Dakota 3.1 (2.2–4.4) 4.7 (3.4–6.4) 3.9 (3.0–5.1) 2.6 (1.7–3.8) 4.7 (3.4–6.3) 3.6 (2.8–4.8)
Oklahoma 1.7 (0.8–3.4) 5.1 (3.8–6.8) 3.4 (2.5–4.7) 2.1 (1.2–3.6) 5.7 (3.9–8.2) 3.9 (2.7–5.6)
Pennsylvania 2.6 (1.8–3.7) 4.6 (3.5–5.9) 3.6 (3.0–4.4) 3.1 (2.1–4.6) 5.3 (3.8–7.4) 4.2 (3.4–5.2)
Rhode Island 3.2 (1.9–5.1) 6.0 (4.2–8.5) 4.8 (3.3–6.9) 3.8 (2.4–5.8) 6.1 (4.0–9.2) 5.1 (3.7–7.1)
South Carolina 2.6 (0.9–6.9) 5.8 (3.7–9.0) 4.2 (2.7–6.4) 2.5 (0.9–6.7) 4.2 (2.5–7.0) 3.4 (2.0–5.6)
South Dakota
Tennessee
Vermont 3.5 (3.2–3.9) 6.0 (5.5–6.5) 4.8 (4.6–5.2)
Virginia 2.4 (1.8–3.2) 5.1 (4.0–6.7) 3.9 (3.1–4.9) 2.9 (2.2–3.8) 4.9 (3.9–6.1) 4.0 (3.3–4.7)
West Virginia 2.8 (1.7–4.6) 6.3 (3.7–10.6) 4.6 (3.0–6.9) 4.9 (3.3–7.2) 8.4 (6.0–11.7) 6.7 (5.0–9.0)
Wyoming 6.0 (4.1–8.5) 8.7 (6.5–11.6) 7.5 (5.8–9.7) 6.2 (4.2–9.0) 8.7 (6.6–11.3) 7.4 (5.7–9.7)
Median 3.5 6.1 4.8 4.2 6.1 5.1
Range (1.7–7.5) (4.5–11.0) (3.4–9.2) (2.1–6.8) (4.2–10.1) (3.4–8.0)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 2.8 (1.6–4.7) 11.3 (8.2–15.3) 8.0 (5.8–10.8) 2.1 (1.1–4.0) 9.4 (6.2–14.2) 6.8 (4.7–9.9)
Boston, MA
Broward County, FL 5.6 (4.0–7.8) 7.0 (4.5–10.5) 6.4 (4.9–8.4) 4.6 (3.2–6.6) 5.9 (4.3–8.0) 5.5 (4.2–7.2)
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA 1.9 (1.2–3.0) 7.0 (5.2–9.4) 4.5 (3.5–5.9) 2.3 (1.4–3.6) 7.1 (5.1–9.9) 4.7 (3.6–6.1)
Detroit, MI 3.4 (2.2–5.1) 6.8 (5.0–9.1) 5.3 (4.0–6.9)
District of Columbia 4.2 (3.7–4.8) 8.0 (7.2–8.9) 6.3 (5.8–6.8) 3.0 (2.6–3.6) 7.6 (6.8–8.5) 5.5 (5.0–6.0)
Duval County, FL 5.8 (4.4–7.6) 9.8 (7.7–12.4) 8.5 (6.9–10.5) 5.9 (4.3–8.1) 9.8 (7.7–12.4) 8.4 (6.7–10.5)
Ft. Worth, TX 3.8 (2.7–5.3) 7.4 (5.9–9.4) 5.6 (4.5–6.9) 3.3 (2.3–4.6) 7.6 (6.0–9.6) 5.4 (4.4–6.7)
Houston, TX 7.4 (6.0–9.2) 11.2 (9.5–13.3) 9.6 (8.2–11.2) 6.9 (5.5–8.7) 9.6 (8.0–11.4) 8.6 (7.3–10.2)
Los Angeles, CA 4.2 (2.8–6.3) 5.8 (4.5–7.5) 5.0 (3.9–6.5) 3.9 (2.4–6.2) 5.1 (3.9–6.5) 4.5 (3.3–6.2)
Miami-Dade County, FL 3.4 (2.5–4.6) 7.2 (5.4–9.4) 5.3 (4.2–6.7) 3.7 (2.7–5.1) 8.8 (6.9–11.2) 6.3 (5.0–7.8)
New York City, NY 2.7 (2.0–3.7) 5.7 (4.6–6.9) 4.4 (3.6–5.3)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 3.0 (1.9–4.6) 7.1 (4.6–10.7) 5.0 (3.5–7.2) 3.2 (2.0–5.1) 8.2 (5.2–12.5) 5.7 (4.1–7.9)
Palm Beach County, FL 4.5 (3.3–6.1) 8.3 (6.5–10.5) 7.0 (5.8–8.5) 7.0 (4.9–9.8) 9.4 (7.2–12.2) 9.1 (7.2–11.5)
Philadelphia, PA 3.7 (2.1–6.4) 5.4 (2.8–10.2) 4.6 (2.8–7.7) 2.5 (1.4–4.4) 5.6 (2.8–10.9) 4.2 (2.5–7.1)
San Diego, CA 2.8 (1.9–4.1) 7.8 (6.1–9.9) 5.3 (4.3–6.6) 5.5 (4.1–7.3) 8.2 (6.5–10.3) 6.9 (5.6–8.4)
San Francisco, CA 4.8 (3.1–7.2) 5.1 (3.7–7.0) 5.3 (3.9–7.1) 3.9 (2.6–5.8) 5.9 (4.2–8.1) 5.1 (3.9–6.7)
Median 3.7 7.1 5.3 3.8 7.9 5.6
Range (1.9–7.4) (5.1–11.3) (4.4–9.6) (2.1–7.0) (5.1–9.8) (4.2–9.1)

*Any form of cocaine, such as powder, crack, or freebase, one or more times during their life.
Also called “MDMA,” one or more times during their life.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 61. Percentage of high school students who ever used heroin* and who ever used methamphetamines, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Ever used heroin Ever used methamphetamines
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 0.8 (0.5–1.5) 1.7 (1.2–2.4) 1.3 (1.0–1.7) 1.7 (1.1–2.7) 2.5 (1.8–3.5) 2.1 (1.5–2.8)
Black 1.5 (0.6–3.6) 3.8 (1.9–7.5) 2.7 (1.3–5.6) 1.4 (0.9–2.3) 3.9 (2.1–7.4) 2.8 (1.5–5.1)
Hispanic 1.9 (1.2–3.0) 3.2 (2.1–5.0) 2.6 (1.8–3.8) 4.0 (2.9–5.5) 4.7 (3.3–6.6) 4.4 (3.3–5.9)
Grade
9 1.4 (0.9–2.3) 2.0 (1.2–3.6) 1.8 (1.2–2.6) 2.2 (1.5–3.2) 1.9 (1.1–3.1) 2.0 (1.5–2.7)
10 1.5 (0.8–2.7) 3.3 (2.2–5.0) 2.4 (1.6–3.6) 2.5 (1.5–4.2) 4.2 (2.7–6.3) 3.3 (2.3–4.9)
11 0.9 (0.5–1.7) 2.3 (1.4–3.8) 1.9 (1.1–3.0) 2.3 (1.4–3.9) 2.8 (1.8–4.2) 2.8 (1.9–4.0)
12 1.0 (0.4–2.2) 2.8 (1.6–4.6) 1.9 (1.3–2.9) 1.8 (1.2–2.8) 5.6 (3.6–8.5) 3.8 (2.7–5.3)
Total 1.2 (0.9–1.8) 2.7 (1.9–3.8) 2.1 (1.5–2.8) 2.3 (1.7–3.0) 3.6 (2.6–4.9) 3.0 (2.4–3.8)

*Also called “smack,” “junk,” or “China White” one or more times during their life.
Also called “speed,” “crystal,” “crank,” or “ice” one or more times during their life.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 62. Percentage of high school students who ever used heroin* and who ever used methamphetamines, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Ever used heroin Ever used methamphetamines
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 2.3 (1.2–4.3) 6.9 (5.2–9.1) 4.9 (3.7–6.6) 4.8 (3.4–6.7) 6.0 (3.3–10.6) 5.7 (3.7–8.6)
Alaska 1.0 (0.4–2.4) 2.9 (1.9–4.4) 2.2 (1.3–3.5) 1.6 (0.8–3.2) 3.1 (2.0–4.7) 2.6 (1.7–4.1)
Arizona 2.1 (1.3–3.4) 3.4 (2.0–5.7) 2.9 (2.1–4.0) 2.7 (1.8–4.1) 4.4 (2.5–7.6) 3.8 (2.6–5.7)
Arkansas 2.9 (2.0–4.3) 6.4 (4.2–9.7) 4.9 (3.8–6.4) 3.5 (2.5–4.9) 8.3 (4.9–13.7) 6.0 (4.0–9.1)
California 1.6 (1.1–2.2) 1.6 (0.8–3.1) 1.6 (1.1–2.2) 2.6 (1.6–4.2) 3.1 (1.8–5.3) 2.9 (1.9–4.3)
Connecticut 1.1 (0.6–2.2) 3.0 (2.1–4.2) 2.2 (1.6–3.1) 1.9 (1.2–3.1) 3.6 (2.8–4.6) 3.0 (2.3–3.7)
Delaware 1.5 (0.7–3.1) 3.3 (2.4–4.7) 2.6 (1.9–3.6) 2.3 (1.4–3.9) 2.8 (1.8–4.4) 2.7 (1.9–3.7)
Florida
Hawaii 1.8 (1.3–2.4) 4.4 (3.5–5.5) 3.3 (2.7–4.1) 2.4 (1.8–3.3) 4.6 (3.7–5.7) 3.8 (3.1–4.7)
Idaho 1.0 (0.4–2.5) 2.0 (1.1–3.7) 1.6 (0.9–2.7) 2.0 (1.1–3.5) 2.4 (1.7–3.4) 2.3 (1.7–3.1)
Illinois 1.6 (1.1–2.3) 4.9 (3.3–7.1) 3.4 (2.4–4.7) 1.5 (1.0–2.2) 5.4 (3.9–7.4) 3.5 (2.6–4.6)
Indiana 1.4 (0.7–2.8) 3.2 (1.5–6.6) 2.4 (1.3–4.4) 1.4 (0.8–2.6) 4.1 (2.0–8.2) 2.9 (1.5–5.4)
Kentucky 3.1 (1.9–5.1) 3.6 (2.1–6.1) 3.7 (2.5–5.4) 3.1 (1.9–5.0) 3.9 (2.6–5.8) 3.9 (2.8–5.2)
Maine
Maryland 2.4 (2.1–2.7) 5.5 (5.0–6.0) 4.2 (3.9–4.5) 2.4 (2.2–2.8) 5.4 (4.9–5.8) 4.2 (3.9–4.5)
Massachusetts 0.8 (0.4–1.4) 2.3 (1.7–3.1) 1.7 (1.3–2.3) 1.0 (0.5–1.8) 2.8 (2.0–3.8) 2.1 (1.6–2.8)
Michigan 1.2 (0.5–2.8) 3.7 (2.4–5.7) 2.5 (1.6–3.9) 1.9 (1.0–3.8) 4.4 (3.1–6.2) 3.2 (2.2–4.6)
Mississippi 3.3 (2.1–5.1) 7.9 (5.6–11.0) 5.9 (4.4–7.8) 4.1 (2.9–5.8) 7.8 (5.5–10.8) 6.0 (4.6–7.8)
Missouri
Montana 1.1 (0.7–1.7) 3.0 (2.2–4.0) 2.1 (1.6–2.7) 2.2 (1.6–3.1) 3.8 (2.8–5.0) 3.0 (2.3–3.9)
Nebraska 1.9 (0.9–4.2) 2.8 (1.5–5.3) 2.5 (1.4–4.3) 3.8 (2.8–5.2) 4.1 (2.5–6.8) 4.2 (3.1–5.8)
Nevada 1.6 (0.9–2.9) 3.5 (2.1–5.8) 2.7 (2.0–3.8) 3.5 (2.0–6.0) 3.9 (2.3–6.6) 3.8 (2.7–5.5)
New Hampshire 1.3 (1.0–1.9) 3.2 (2.8–3.7) 2.4 (2.1–2.8) 1.4 (1.1–1.9) 3.3 (2.8–3.9) 2.5 (2.1–2.8)
New Mexico 1.7 (1.3–2.3) 5.2 (4.2–6.3) 3.5 (3.0–4.1) 2.6 (2.0–3.3) 6.1 (5.2–7.1) 4.4 (3.9–5.0)
New York 2.6 (1.7–3.9) 6.5 (5.0–8.4) 4.8 (3.8–6.1)
North Carolina
North Dakota 0.6 (0.3–1.1) 1.7 (1.0–2.9) 1.2 (0.8–1.8)
Oklahoma 0.3 (0.1–0.9) 1.5 (0.8–2.8) 0.9 (0.5–1.7) 1.2 (0.7–2.4) 2.1 (1.2–3.7) 1.7 (1.0–2.7)
Pennsylvania 1.0 (0.6–1.9) 2.9 (1.8–4.5) 2.0 (1.4–2.9) 1.6 (0.9–2.6) 3.0 (2.0–4.5) 2.3 (1.7–3.1)
Rhode Island 1.5 (0.8–2.9) 5.3 (3.6–7.8) 3.6 (2.4–5.5)
South Carolina 1.1 (0.5–2.8) 3.0 (1.6–5.7) 2.1 (1.1–3.9) 1.6 (0.6–4.4) 4.0 (1.9–8.3) 2.8 (1.4–5.6)
South Dakota 1.8 (0.8–4.3) 3.8 (1.8–7.9) 2.9 (1.5–5.5) 2.8 (1.5–5.0) 4.7 (2.4–8.9) 3.8 (2.2–6.4)
Tennessee
Vermont 1.4 (1.2–1.6) 3.1 (2.8–3.5) 2.3 (2.1–2.6) 1.9 (1.6–2.2) 3.4 (3.0–3.7) 2.7 (2.5–2.9)
Virginia 1.2 (0.7–2.0) 2.4 (1.8–3.3) 1.8 (1.4–2.5) 1.4 (0.9–2.3) 3.3 (2.5–4.4) 2.5 (1.9–3.3)
West Virginia 1.8 (1.1–2.9) 5.0 (3.4–7.5) 3.5 (2.4–5.1) 2.6 (1.7–3.8) 6.8 (4.1–10.9) 4.7 (3.1–7.1)
Wyoming 2.3 (1.5–3.6) 4.1 (2.8–5.8) 3.3 (2.4–4.6) 3.0 (1.8–5.0) 5.1 (3.4–7.5) 4.2 (2.8–6.1)
Median 1.5 3.3 2.5 2.3 4.0 3.2
Range (0.3–3.3) (1.5–7.9) (0.9–5.9) (1.0–4.8) (2.1–8.3) (1.7–6.0)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 3.3 (2.0–5.4) 11.0 (8.0–14.9) 8.3 (6.1–11.1) 2.9 (1.8–4.8) 10.4 (7.6–14.0) 7.9 (5.9–10.5)
Boston, MA 0.4 (0.1–1.3) 3.0 (1.8–4.8) 1.8 (1.2–2.7) 1.1 (0.6–2.2) 3.5 (2.1–5.5) 2.4 (1.6–3.6)
Broward County, FL 2.4 (1.4–3.8) 4.9 (3.2–7.5) 4.0 (2.9–5.6) 3.1 (2.0–4.7) 5.4 (3.6–8.1) 4.5 (3.3–6.0)
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA 0.6 (0.3–1.2) 4.2 (2.8–6.2) 2.4 (1.6–3.5) 1.0 (0.6–1.7) 5.9 (4.2–8.2) 3.5 (2.5–4.8)
Detroit, MI 2.7 (1.5–4.8) 5.7 (4.0–8.2) 4.3 (3.1–5.9) 2.4 (1.5–4.0) 4.7 (3.2–6.9) 3.7 (2.6–5.2)
District of Columbia 2.9 (2.5–3.5) 6.0 (5.3–6.8) 4.6 (4.2–5.1) 2.5 (2.1–3.1) 6.2 (5.5–7.0) 4.5 (4.1–5.0)
Duval County, FL 3.6 (2.1–6.0) 7.8 (5.5–11.0) 6.3 (4.4–9.0) 4.9 (2.9–8.0) 8.6 (6.1–12.1) 7.5 (5.3–10.5)
Ft. Worth, TX 0.5 (0.2–1.2) 2.5 (1.6–4.0) 1.5 (1.0–2.3) 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 3.3 (2.3–4.6) 2.7 (2.0–3.6)
Houston, TX 4.6 (3.4–6.1) 6.7 (5.2–8.6) 6.1 (4.8–7.7) 5.6 (4.3–7.3) 6.7 (5.0–8.8) 6.5 (5.2–8.2)
Los Angeles, CA 1.1 (0.6–2.1) 2.8 (1.4–5.5) 2.0 (1.1–3.7) 2.2 (1.1–4.1) 4.6 (2.9–7.3) 3.4 (2.1–5.5)
Miami-Dade County, FL 1.4 (0.9–2.2) 4.2 (2.8–6.2) 2.8 (1.9–4.1) 2.1 (1.4–3.2) 4.2 (2.9–6.2) 3.2 (2.2–4.6)
New York City, NY 1.1 (0.8–1.6) 3.6 (2.7–4.8) 2.5 (1.9–3.3)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 2.2 (1.2–3.9) 5.5 (3.1–9.6) 3.9 (2.3–6.4) 1.9 (1.1–3.2) 4.5 (2.3–8.7) 3.2 (1.8–5.6)
Palm Beach County, FL 3.2 (1.9–5.5) 6.4 (4.4–9.3) 5.7 (4.2–7.8) 3.9 (2.5–6.2) 6.2 (4.5–8.5) 5.8 (4.4–7.7)
Philadelphia, PA 1.7 (0.9–3.0) 4.5 (2.4–8.4) 3.3 (1.8–6.0) 1.8 (1.2–2.9) 5.5 (2.9–10.2) 3.8 (2.2–6.4)
San Diego, CA 0.8 (0.4–1.7) 4.1 (3.0–5.5) 2.5 (1.8–3.3) 1.9 (1.1–3.1) 5.2 (3.9–6.9) 3.6 (2.7–4.7)
San Francisco, CA 1.9 (0.8–4.4) 2.1 (1.3–3.4) 2.4 (1.5–3.9) 2.5 (1.5–4.1) 4.4 (3.3–5.9) 3.8 (2.8–5.2)
Median 1.9 4.5 3.3 2.3 5.3 3.7
Range (0.4–4.6) (2.1–11.0) (1.5–8.3) (1.0–5.6) (3.3–10.4) (2.4–7.9)

*Also called “smack,” “junk,” or “China White” one or more times during their life.
Also called “speed,” “crystal,” “crank,” or “ice” one or more times during their life.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 63. Percentage of high school students who ever took steroids without a doctor’s prescription* and who ever took prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Ever took steroids without a doctor’s prescription Ever took prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 1.8 (1.2–2.7) 3.6 (2.8–4.6) 2.7 (2.1–3.4) 15.9 (14.0–18.2) 17.1 (15.0–19.5) 16.5 (14.7–18.5)
Black 3.6 (1.8–7.1) 4.8 (2.6–8.7) 4.5 (2.5–7.7) 10.7 (8.4–13.6) 18.1 (15.4–21.2) 14.8 (12.8–17.1)
Hispanic 3.9 (2.8–5.4) 4.1 (2.9–5.8) 4.1 (3.1–5.4) 16.5 (14.7–18.5) 18.4 (15.8–21.4) 17.5 (15.6–19.7)
Grade
9 3.4 (2.3–5.0) 3.5 (2.6–4.9) 3.6 (2.8–4.6) 12.5 (10.2–15.2) 13.3 (10.2–17.2) 13.0 (11.0–15.3)
10 3.4 (2.1–5.5) 4.4 (3.0–6.4) 3.9 (2.7–5.6) 15.5 (12.5–19.1) 15.1 (12.3–18.6) 15.3 (12.7–18.4)
11 2.0 (1.4–2.8) 2.8 (2.0–3.9) 2.7 (2.0–3.6) 16.0 (14.1–18.0) 21.5 (19.2–23.9) 18.9 (17.4–20.6)
12 1.6 (0.9–2.6) 4.8 (3.2–7.1) 3.3 (2.4–4.5) 18.8 (16.4–21.4) 21.7 (17.9–26.1) 20.3 (18.1–22.7)
Total 2.7 (2.1–3.5) 4.0 (3.1–5.1) 3.5 (2.8–4.3) 15.6 (14.3–17.1) 17.8 (16.1–19.6) 16.8 (15.4–18.2)

*Pills or shots one or more times during their life.
Such as Oxycontin, Percocet, Vicodin, codeine, Adderall, Ritalin, or Xanax one or more times during their life.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 64. Percentage of high school students who ever took steroids without a doctor’s prescription* and who ever took prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Ever took steroids without a doctor’s prescription Ever took prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 3.7 (2.3–6.0) 6.6 (4.2–10.1) 5.6 (3.9–7.8) 17.6 (14.3–21.5) 20.0 (16.4–24.2) 19.2 (16.7–22.1)
Alaska 13.1 (10.4–16.5) 15.6 (12.8–19.0) 14.6 (12.5–17.1)
Arizona 2.6 (1.9–3.5) 6.4 (4.1–9.7) 4.7 (3.2–6.7)
Arkansas 4.1 (2.5–6.8) 5.4 (3.3–8.7) 4.9 (3.4–7.0) 18.7 (15.9–21.9) 19.2 (15.5–23.4) 19.1 (17.2–21.1)
California 2.0 (1.2–3.3) 0.8 (0.3–1.9) 1.4 (0.9–2.1) 14.5 (12.0–17.3) 14.0 (10.1–19.0) 14.4 (11.4–18.0)
Connecticut 11.7 (10.1–13.5) 11.9 (10.2–13.8) 12.0 (10.7–13.4)
Delaware 1.4 (0.8–2.3) 3.1 (2.1–4.7) 2.5 (1.8–3.3) 11.9 (9.5–14.8) 12.7 (10.0–16.0) 12.6 (10.7–14.7)
Florida 2.5 (1.9–3.3) 5.1 (4.0–6.4) 3.9 (3.2–4.9) 11.8 (10.3–13.5) 13.6 (11.9–15.6) 13.0 (11.6–14.5)
Hawaii 11.3 (8.7–14.5) 12.9 (11.5–14.6) 12.3 (10.6–14.4)
Idaho 2.4 (1.3–4.5) 2.6 (1.6–4.2) 2.5 (1.9–3.4) 16.4 (13.5–19.7) 17.0 (13.5–21.1) 16.8 (14.1–19.8)
Illinois 2.0 (1.2–3.3) 6.0 (4.0–9.0) 4.1 (2.9–5.7) 13.0 (10.5–16.0) 15.6 (12.3–19.6) 14.4 (12.3–16.8)
Indiana 1.9 (1.0–3.4) 4.1 (2.1–8.0) 3.2 (1.9–5.5) 15.7 (12.9–19.0) 17.7 (14.7–21.1) 16.8 (14.7–19.3)
Kentucky 3.0 (1.7–5.3) 5.5 (3.7–8.2) 4.5 (3.4–6.1) 12.2 (9.8–15.1) 13.0 (10.4–16.1) 12.7 (10.9–14.7)
Maine 9.4 (8.4–10.5) 11.8 (10.5–13.2) 10.8 (10.0–11.7)
Maryland 2.9 (2.6–3.1) 5.3 (4.9–5.7) 4.3 (4.0–4.6) 13.1 (12.6–13.7) 14.9 (14.2–15.6) 14.2 (13.7–14.8)
Massachusetts
Michigan 1.7 (1.0–2.9) 3.6 (2.6–5.2) 2.7 (2.1–3.5) 15.6 (12.5–19.3) 15.9 (13.4–18.7) 15.8 (13.3–18.6)
Mississippi 4.3 (3.2–5.8) 7.7 (5.5–10.7) 6.3 (4.9–8.1) 12.8 (10.4–15.6) 21.3 (17.4–25.7) 17.2 (14.6–20.1)
Missouri 14.1 (11.6–17.1) 21.0 (17.4–25.1) 17.5 (15.0–20.4)
Montana 1.7 (1.2–2.5) 3.2 (2.4–4.3) 2.5 (1.9–3.2) 15.4 (14.0–16.9) 15.7 (13.8–17.9) 15.6 (14.2–17.1)
Nebraska 3.4 (2.1–5.4) 3.3 (2.0–5.4) 3.5 (2.4–5.0) 14.9 (11.8–18.7) 11.9 (9.2–15.3) 13.5 (11.1–16.4)
Nevada 4.0 (3.1–5.2) 3.6 (2.2–6.0) 3.9 (3.0–5.0) 20.1 (16.7–23.9) 17.0 (14.3–20.2) 18.5 (16.1–21.2)
New Hampshire 12.5 (11.5–13.5) 14.0 (12.8–15.3) 13.4 (12.5–14.4)
New Mexico 13.9 (12.6–15.3) 14.7 (13.5–16.0) 14.3 (13.4–15.3)
New York
North Carolina 3.5 (1.9–6.5) 3.9 (2.5–6.1) 3.9 (2.7–5.7) 18.8 (15.1–23.0) 16.5 (14.0–19.4) 17.9 (15.2–20.9)
North Dakota 12.2 (10.3–14.3) 16.6 (14.1–19.5) 14.5 (12.8–16.3)
Oklahoma 2.1 (1.2–3.6) 2.6 (1.4–4.5) 2.3 (1.5–3.5) 13.5 (11.0–16.5) 14.1 (10.7–18.5) 13.9 (11.5–16.7)
Pennsylvania 1.7 (1.0–3.0) 3.2 (2.2–4.7) 2.5 (1.8–3.4) 12.1 (9.9–14.8) 13.5 (11.6–15.7) 12.8 (11.1–14.8)
Rhode Island 2.0 (1.0–3.9) 5.1 (3.2–8.0) 3.8 (2.3–6.2) 11.4 (8.5–15.2) 11.2 (8.3–14.9) 11.6 (9.3–14.3)
South Carolina 1.7 (1.2–2.5) 4.7 (2.8–7.8) 3.3 (2.1–5.0) 16.8 (12.5–22.1) 16.0 (13.9–18.4) 16.4 (13.8–19.4)
South Dakota 13.9 (10.1–18.9) 12.2 (9.4–15.6) 13.1 (10.2–16.7)
Tennessee
Vermont
Virginia 2.3 (1.5–3.3) 3.6 (2.7–4.9) 3.1 (2.4–4.0) 14.0 (11.8–16.6) 16.9 (14.6–19.6) 15.6 (13.9–17.5)
West Virginia 1.9 (1.0–3.9) 7.2 (5.3–9.7) 4.6 (3.5–6.2) 15.0 (11.9–18.7) 16.1 (12.1–21.0) 15.5 (12.4–19.2)
Wyoming 3.9 (2.6–5.8) 5.4 (4.0–7.3) 4.8 (3.6–6.3) 14.0 (11.2–17.3) 13.8 (11.7–16.3) 14.0 (12.0–16.3)
Median 2.3 4.4 3.8 13.9 15.2 14.4
Range (1.4–4.3) (0.8–7.7) (1.4–6.3) (9.4–20.1) (11.2–21.3) (10.8–19.2)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 4.2 (2.5–6.9) 10.9 (7.8–15.0) 8.7 (6.4–11.7) 11.2 (8.7–14.2) 15.5 (11.6–20.4) 14.1 (11.5–17.1)
Boston, MA 7.4 (5.6–9.8) 8.3 (6.0–11.3) 7.9 (6.4–9.7)
Broward County, FL 2.5 (1.6–3.9) 4.7 (3.0–7.3) 3.6 (2.5–5.2) 12.4 (9.6–15.7) 14.3 (11.7–17.4) 13.5 (11.6–15.5)
Cleveland, OH 11.8 (9.5–14.5) 18.7 (15.5–22.4) 16.1 (13.7–18.8)
DeKalb County, GA 1.3 (0.8–2.2) 5.1 (3.6–7.3) 3.3 (2.4–4.4) 13.1 (10.6–16.0) 17.7 (14.6–21.2) 15.4 (13.5–17.5)
Detroit, MI 3.8 (2.6–5.5) 6.6 (4.8–9.2) 5.3 (4.0–7.0) 10.3 (8.3–12.8) 13.2 (10.8–16.1) 11.9 (10.3–13.6)
District of Columbia 10.3 (9.4–11.2) 16.4 (15.3–17.6) 13.5 (12.8–14.2)
Duval County, FL
Ft. Worth, TX 2.6 (1.8–3.7) 3.5 (2.5–4.8) 3.0 (2.4–3.8) 12.1 (10.3–14.1) 15.0 (12.8–17.6) 13.6 (12.0–15.4)
Houston, TX 6.2 (4.9–7.6) 6.4 (5.0–8.0) 6.6 (5.5–7.9) 14.4 (12.4–16.5) 14.8 (12.9–16.9) 14.9 (13.4–16.6)
Los Angeles, CA 1.8 (1.1–3.0) 3.0 (2.1–4.2) 2.5 (1.8–3.3) 8.4 (6.5–10.8) 10.7 (8.7–13.2) 9.5 (7.8–11.6)
Miami-Dade County, FL 1.5 (0.9–2.3) 4.6 (3.1–6.8) 3.1 (2.1–4.4) 10.1 (8.0–12.8) 14.5 (12.1–17.3) 12.3 (10.5–14.4)
New York City, NY
Oakland, CA 9.6 (7.6–12.0) 13.6 (11.0–16.8) 11.9 (10.1–13.9)
Orange County, FL 1.8 (1.0–3.2) 4.9 (2.7–8.9) 3.5 (2.0–5.8) 11.0 (8.8–13.6) 15.2 (12.7–18.1) 13.1 (11.4–14.9)
Palm Beach County, FL 2.7 (1.8–4.2) 6.0 (4.0–8.8) 5.0 (3.6–6.7) 12.2 (10.1–14.6) 14.6 (12.4–17.1) 13.9 (12.2–15.8)
Philadelphia, PA 5.2 (3.4–7.9) 6.3 (3.4–11.7) 5.9 (3.5–9.8) 12.3 (9.5–15.9) 13.5 (9.6–18.6) 13.1 (10.7–16.1)
San Diego, CA 1.9 (1.2–3.0) 3.6 (2.7–4.8) 2.7 (2.1–3.5) 10.8 (8.6–13.5) 15.9 (13.8–18.2) 13.3 (11.6–15.3)
San Francisco, CA 11.6 (9.2–14.5) 13.2 (10.4–16.7) 12.7 (10.3–15.6)
Median 2.5 5.0 3.5 11.2 14.6 13.3
Range (1.3–6.2) (3.0–10.9) (2.5–8.7) (7.4–14.4) (8.3–18.7) (7.9–16.1)

*Pills or shots one or more times during their life.
Such as Oxycontin, Percocet, Vicodin, codeine, Adderall, Ritalin, or Xanax one or more times during their life.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 65. Percentage of high school students who ever used inhalants,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity            
White§ 5.9 (4.5–7.7) 6.9 (5.9–8.2) 6.4 (5.4–7.6)
Black§ 5.9 (3.2–10.7) 7.1 (4.7–10.4) 6.8 (4.4–10.2)
Hispanic 8.3 (6.9–10.0) 7.1 (5.7–8.9) 7.8 (6.7–9.0)
Grade
9 8.5 (6.9–10.4) 7.9 (5.8–10.7) 8.3 (6.9–10.0)
10 7.8 (5.7–10.5) 7.0 (5.6–8.8) 7.5 (6.0–9.2)
11 4.6 (3.3–6.4) 6.6 (5.1–8.5) 5.9 (4.6–7.4)
12 4.9 (3.6–6.7) 7.0 (5.1–9.5) 6.0 (4.9–7.5)
Total 6.6 (5.5–7.9) 7.2 (6.2–8.4) 7.0 (6.2–8.0)

*Sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high, one or more times during their life.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 66. Percentage of high school students who ever used inhalants,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
State surveys            
Alabama 11.1 (8.0–15.0) 10.1 (8.1–12.6) 10.9 (8.7–13.5)
Alaska 5.4 (4.1–7.0) 6.6 (4.8–9.1) 6.3 (5.0–7.9)
Arizona 8.5 (6.2–11.6) 7.6 (5.0–11.6) 8.1 (6.5–10.1)
Arkansas 8.1 (6.7–9.8) 11.7 (8.5–15.8) 10.0 (7.8–12.7)
California 8.2 (6.6–10.2) 5.7 (3.5–9.1) 7.0 (5.1–9.5)
Connecticut 5.0 (3.8–6.7) 7.2 (6.0–8.6) 6.3 (5.4–7.4)
Delaware 2.6 (1.6–4.4) 3.2 (2.2–4.5) 3.2 (2.5–4.2)
Florida §
Hawaii 6.2 (5.2–7.4) 9.4 (7.9–11.1) 8.0 (7.0–9.1)
Idaho 7.5 (5.4–10.4) 6.0 (4.6–7.8) 6.8 (5.5–8.5)
Illinois 6.5 (5.3–7.9) 7.1 (5.5–9.1) 6.9 (5.9–8.1)
Indiana 6.6 (4.8–8.9) 8.0 (5.3–11.8) 7.4 (5.4–9.9)
Kentucky 8.6 (7.1–10.5) 5.7 (4.1–8.0) 7.4 (6.1–8.8)
Maine 7.1 (6.4–7.8) 8.1 (7.1–9.2) 7.8 (7.1–8.5)
Maryland 7.7 (7.3–8.2) 8.7 (8.2–9.2) 8.5 (8.1–8.9)
Massachusetts
Michigan 7.1 (5.6–9.1) 8.0 (6.1–10.4) 7.7 (6.3–9.3)
Mississippi 9.4 (7.6–11.6) 13.3 (10.2–17.3) 11.6 (9.7–13.8)
Missouri
Montana 7.9 (6.7–9.3) 8.2 (6.6–10.1) 8.0 (6.9–9.4)
Nebraska 9.3 (7.0–12.2) 6.8 (5.1–9.0) 8.1 (6.6–10.0)
Nevada 8.4 (6.5–10.9) 6.8 (4.8–9.5) 7.7 (6.0–9.8)
New Hampshire 6.0 (5.4–6.7) 6.8 (6.0–7.6) 6.4 (5.9–6.9)
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina 8.1 (5.9–11.1) 7.3 (5.3–9.8) 7.9 (6.2–10.0)
North Dakota
Oklahoma 4.6 (3.1–6.9) 5.0 (3.5–7.2) 4.8 (3.6–6.3)
Pennsylvania 5.6 (4.2–7.5) 6.5 (5.1–8.3) 6.1 (5.0–7.5)
Rhode Island 5.2 (3.9–6.8) 6.9 (4.7–10.0) 6.2 (4.7–8.2)
South Carolina 8.7 (6.3–11.9) 7.0 (4.8–10.0) 7.9 (5.8–10.6)
South Dakota 10.5 (7.7–14.3) 9.3 (5.9–14.2) 9.9 (7.5–13.0)
Tennessee
Vermont 6.2 (5.8–6.7) 6.7 (6.3–7.2) 6.5 (6.2–6.9)
Virginia
West Virginia 8.6 (6.6–11.1) 10.1 (7.9–12.7) 9.4 (7.5–11.6)
Wyoming 10.7 (8.4–13.6) 10.3 (8.0–13.0) 10.6 (8.6–13.0)
Median 7.7 7.2 7.7
Range (2.6–11.1) (3.2–13.3) (3.2–11.6)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 10.2 (7.6–13.4) 11.3 (7.9–15.8) 11.6 (9.1–14.8)
Boston, MA 3.6 (2.2–5.8) 5.6 (4.1–7.7) 4.7 (3.5–6.2)
Broward County, FL 7.7 (5.7–10.3) 7.3 (5.2–10.2) 7.8 (6.1–9.9)
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA 7.9 (6.3–9.9) 9.8 (7.4–13.0) 9.0 (7.5–10.7)
Detroit, MI 9.3 (7.5–11.3) 8.3 (6.1–11.2) 8.9 (7.4–10.7)
District of Columbia 11.5 (10.6–12.5) 11.2 (10.2–12.2) 11.5 (10.9–12.2)
Duval County, FL 11.0 (8.6–14.0) 13.1 (10.2–16.7) 12.7 (10.2–15.7)
Ft. Worth, TX 6.0 (4.6–7.6) 5.5 (4.3–7.1) 5.8 (4.8–6.9)
Houston, TX 8.2 (6.7–9.9) 7.9 (6.4–9.9) 8.4 (7.1–9.9)
Los Angeles, CA 8.0 (6.0–10.5) 6.4 (4.9–8.3) 7.2 (6.0–8.6)
Miami-Dade County, FL 5.5 (4.2–7.2) 6.6 (4.9–8.8) 6.1 (4.9–7.5)
New York City, NY
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 7.1 (5.3–9.5) 7.9 (5.3–11.6) 7.6 (5.7–10.0)
Palm Beach County, FL 8.3 (6.2–11.2) 11.1 (9.1–13.5) 10.5 (8.7–12.7)
Philadelphia, PA 6.7 (5.2–8.7) 7.7 (5.0–11.6) 7.5 (5.5–10.0)
San Diego, CA 5.9 (4.4–8.0) 7.1 (5.6–9.1) 6.5 (5.3–8.0)
San Francisco, CA 5.1 (3.2–8.0) 4.7 (3.6–6.1) 5.1 (3.9–6.7)
Median 7.8 7.8 7.7
Range (3.6–11.5) (4.7–13.1) (4.7–12.7)

*Sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high, one or more times during their life.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 67. Percentage of high school students who ever injected any illegal drug* and who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Ever injected any illegal drug   Offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property
Female Male Total   Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI   % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                          
White 0.7 (0.4–1.1) 1.7 (1.2–2.4) 1.2 (0.9–1.6) 16.5 (13.3–20.3) 23.2 (19.7–27.1) 19.8 (16.7–23.4)
Black 1.3 (0.6–2.9) 3.2 (1.5–6.6) 2.5 (1.6–4.0) 19.2 (13.9–25.8) 22.0 (17.2–27.8) 20.6 (15.9–26.2)
Hispanic 1.6 (1.0–2.7) 2.8 (1.8–4.4) 2.2 (1.4–3.4) 25.5 (22.3–29.0) 28.9 (25.9–32.2) 27.2 (24.8–29.8)
Grade
9 1.5 (0.9–2.3) 1.5 (0.8–2.6) 1.6 (1.1–2.3) 20.0 (17.1–23.2) 23.2 (19.9–26.9) 21.6 (19.1–24.3)
10 0.7 (0.3–1.6) 2.6 (1.7–3.8) 1.6 (1.1–2.4) 19.3 (15.3–24.1) 24.6 (20.5–29.2) 21.9 (18.2–26.2)
11 1.0 (0.6–1.8) 1.9 (1.0–3.6) 1.6 (1.0–2.7) 20.4 (17.6–23.4) 24.9 (21.4–28.8) 22.7 (20.0–25.7)
12 0.8 (0.4–1.7) 3.4 (1.8–6.4) 2.1 (1.3–3.5) 16.3 (13.6–19.4) 24.4 (21.0–28.1) 20.3 (17.6–23.3)
Total 1.0 (0.7–1.5) 2.3 (1.6–3.3) 1.8 (1.3–2.3) 19.1 (16.6–21.8) 24.2 (21.7–26.9) 21.7 (19.4–24.2)

*Used a needle to inject any illegal drug into their body one or more times during their life.
During the 12 months before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 68. Percentage of high school students who ever injected any illegal drug* and who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Ever injected any illegal drug   Offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property
Female Male Total   Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI   % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                          
Alabama 2.4 (1.4–4.0) 5.7 (3.6–8.9) 4.2 (3.1–5.7) 20.0 (16.1–24.7) 29.3 (25.3–33.6) 24.8 (21.5–28.5)
Alaska
Arizona 28.2 (25.7–31.0) 30.6 (26.4–35.0) 29.3 (26.6–32.0)
Arkansas 2.9 (1.9–4.3) 5.2 (3.7–7.2) 4.1 (3.3–5.0) 23.9 (21.3–26.8) 30.3 (26.6–34.3) 27.1 (24.1–30.3)
California 1.3 (0.8–2.0) 1.3 (0.5–3.1) 1.3 (0.7–2.2) 24.2 (20.9–27.9) 27.4 (22.8–32.6) 26.1 (22.4–30.2)
Connecticut 1.1 (0.5–2.2) 2.7 (1.6–4.6) 2.0 (1.3–3.1) 26.6 (23.4–30.2) 30.3 (27.1–33.7) 28.5 (25.8–31.3)
Delaware 1.0 (0.6–1.9) 3.4 (2.2–5.1) 2.4 (1.7–3.3) 12.7 (10.6–15.1) 18.1 (15.8–20.5) 15.6 (14.0–17.3)
Florida 17.5 (16.1–19.0) 19.2 (17.2–21.3) 18.4 (17.1–19.8)
Hawaii 1.9 (1.3–2.8) 4.5 (3.6–5.7) 3.3 (2.8–4.0) 24.9 (22.2–27.7) 25.9 (23.8–28.1) 25.4 (23.5–27.4)
Idaho 1.7 (1.2–2.5) 1.6 (0.9–3.1) 1.7 (1.2–2.4) 20.2 (16.1–24.9) 22.8 (19.3–26.6) 21.5 (18.8–24.5)
Illinois 1.9 (1.2–2.8) 4.5 (2.9–6.9) 3.3 (2.3–4.6) 23.4 (19.8–27.4) 27.7 (24.0–31.7) 25.6 (22.6–28.8)
Indiana 0.7 (0.3–1.6) 3.5 (1.7–7.1) 2.2 (1.1–4.3) 22.8 (18.9–27.2) 22.2 (19.4–25.3) 22.5 (20.3–24.9)
Kentucky 21.0 (18.0–24.4) 20.5 (17.3–24.1) 20.9 (18.4–23.5)
Maine 12.8 (11.8–13.9) 16.2 (14.6–17.9) 14.7 (13.6–15.8)
Maryland 2.4 (2.1–2.7) 4.4 (4.1–4.8) 3.6 (3.3–3.8) 24.1 (23.4–24.8) 28.1 (27.4–28.9) 26.2 (25.6–26.7)
Massachusetts 17.6 (15.6–19.7) 22.9 (20.7–25.3) 20.3 (18.6–22.2)
Michigan 1.4 (0.6–3.4) 3.3 (2.2–4.7) 2.4 (1.7–3.3) 21.8 (18.3–25.7) 28.9 (24.0–34.3) 25.4 (22.1–29.1)
Mississippi 3.3 (2.2–5.0) 7.3 (5.2–10.0) 5.4 (4.2–7.1) 21.9 (18.5–25.7) 25.3 (21.7–29.4) 23.7 (20.9–26.6)
Missouri
Montana 1.3 (0.8–2.0) 2.1 (1.5–2.8) 1.7 (1.3–2.2) 19.8 (17.9–21.7) 23.6 (21.6–25.7) 21.7 (20.2–23.3)
Nebraska 3.1 (1.9–5.0) 4.5 (2.7–7.4) 4.0 (2.7–5.8) 20.8 (17.3–24.8) 19.1 (15.4–23.5) 19.9 (16.9–23.2)
Nevada 2.7 (1.6–4.5) 2.9 (1.4–6.2) 2.9 (1.9–4.5) 30.3 (25.9–35.2) 29.3 (26.0–32.9) 29.8 (26.8–33.1)
New Hampshire 13.9 (12.6–15.3) 19.0 (17.6–20.5) 16.5 (15.6–17.5)
New Mexico 1.9 (1.4–2.6) 4.4 (3.6–5.4) 3.2 (2.7–3.8) 25.1 (23.3–26.9) 29.9 (28.0–31.9) 27.5 (25.9–29.2)
New York 2.2 (1.7–2.9) 4.4 (3.0–6.4) 3.4 (2.6–4.6)
North Carolina 19.9 (15.9–24.6) 28.5 (25.5–31.8) 24.5 (21.4–28.0)
North Dakota 0.5 (0.2–1.1) 2.3 (1.5–3.6) 1.4 (0.9–2.2) 16.3 (13.9–19.0) 20.0 (17.5–22.8) 18.2 (16.5–20.1)
Oklahoma 0.6 (0.2–1.7) 1.5 (0.7–3.1) 1.0 (0.5–2.0) 12.4 (9.9–15.4) 17.3 (14.1–20.9) 15.0 (12.8–17.4)
Pennsylvania 0.9 (0.5–1.5) 1.8 (1.1–3.0) 1.3 (0.9–2.1) 16.6 (14.3–19.2) 22.0 (19.5–24.8) 19.4 (17.4–21.6)
Rhode Island
South Carolina 0.4 (0.1–1.4) 2.2 (1.1–4.2) 1.3 (0.7–2.7) 21.5 (16.8–26.9) 24.0 (20.6–27.7) 22.8 (19.9–26.0)
South Dakota 1.8 (0.6–5.0) 2.6 (1.4–4.9) 2.2 (1.1–4.5) 19.6 (15.7–24.3) 18.4 (14.4–23.2) 19.0 (15.4–23.2)
Tennessee
Vermont 15.0 (14.3–15.7) 21.1 (20.3–21.9) 18.1 (17.6–18.6)
Virginia 1.1 (0.6–1.8) 2.0 (1.4–2.9) 1.5 (1.1–2.1) 14.4 (12.6–16.4) 16.7 (14.8–18.8) 15.6 (14.1–17.1)
West Virginia 2.1 (1.2–3.6) 4.7 (3.0–7.4) 3.5 (2.4–5.0) 22.0 (18.1–26.5) 29.6 (26.0–33.6) 25.9 (22.9–29.2)
Wyoming 2.9 (1.6–5.1) 3.7 (2.5–5.4) 3.3 (2.2–5.0) 21.2 (17.4–25.6) 22.7 (20.0–25.7) 22.0 (19.2–25.0)
Median 1.8 3.4 2.4 20.9 23.2 22.3
Range (0.4–3.3) (1.3–7.3) (1.0–5.4) (12.4–30.3) (16.2–30.6) (14.7–29.8)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 3.1 (1.9–5.0) 9.2 (6.2–13.4) 6.6 (4.7–9.3) 24.3 (20.8–28.1) 26.1 (20.7–32.3) 25.2 (21.8–28.9)
Boston, MA 19.3 (16.7–22.2) 21.7 (18.7–25.1) 20.5 (18.5–22.7)
Broward County, FL 3.2 (2.0–5.0) 2.7 (1.6–4.7) 3.0 (2.1–4.4) 28.0 (24.4–31.8) 33.2 (29.6–37.0) 30.7 (28.0–33.5)
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA 0.9 (0.4–1.8) 3.4 (2.1–5.2) 2.1 (1.4–3.2) 27.7 (24.9–30.7) 33.0 (28.8–37.4) 30.3 (27.5–33.2)
Detroit, MI 3.7 (2.7–5.2) 4.1 (2.6–6.2) 4.0 (3.0–5.2) 33.0 (29.8–36.4) 36.5 (32.1–41.3) 34.6 (31.6–37.6)
District of Columbia
Duval County, FL 27.1 (24.8–29.4) 31.0 (28.1–34.0) 29.0 (27.2–30.8)
Ft. Worth, TX 0.8 (0.4–1.6) 2.4 (1.6–3.6) 1.6 (1.1–2.3) 20.2 (17.8–22.8) 22.7 (20.4–25.2) 21.5 (19.8–23.4)
Houston, TX 3.2 (2.4–4.2) 5.7 (4.4–7.3) 4.7 (3.8–5.9) 29.1 (26.5–31.8) 31.2 (28.6–33.9) 30.1 (28.2–32.0)
Los Angeles, CA 1.3 (0.7–2.2) 2.6 (1.4–4.7) 1.9 (1.2–3.2) 24.7 (22.2–27.5) 30.1 (26.7–33.7) 27.5 (24.8–30.3)
Miami-Dade County, FL 0.9 (0.5–1.7) 4.0 (2.7–5.9) 2.4 (1.7–3.5) 18.2 (15.3–21.6) 25.7 (23.0–28.5) 22.0 (19.9–24.2)
New York City, NY 1.3 (0.9–1.9) 3.0 (2.1–4.3) 2.2 (1.7–2.9)
Oakland, CA 30.3 (26.5–34.3) 30.6 (26.7–34.8) 30.5 (27.8–33.3)
Orange County, FL 1.4 (0.7–2.9) 5.1 (2.6–9.8) 3.3 (1.8–5.9) 18.9 (15.9–22.4) 22.7 (19.5–26.2) 20.8 (18.7–23.0)
Palm Beach County, FL 3.2 (2.2–4.6) 5.5 (4.0–7.7) 4.9 (3.8–6.4) 23.4 (20.5–26.5) 27.5 (24.4–30.9) 25.4 (22.9–28.1)
Philadelphia, PA 0.8 (0.3–2.0) 4.0 (2.1–7.4) 2.5 (1.4–4.2) 26.8 (22.4–31.7) 25.4 (21.1–30.4) 26.1 (22.4–30.2)
San Diego, CA 0.6 (0.3–1.4) 3.4 (2.4–4.9) 2.1 (1.4–2.9) 25.2 (22.2–28.6) 29.7 (26.7–32.9) 27.6 (25.7–29.5)
San Francisco, CA 22.5 (19.3–26.0) 24.4 (20.8–28.5) 23.8 (21.2–26.6)
Median 1.3 4.0 2.5 24.9 28.6 26.8
Range (0.6–3.7) (2.4–9.2) (1.6–6.6) (18.2–33.0) (21.7–36.5) (20.5–34.6)

*Used a needle to inject any illegal drug into their body one or more times during their life.
During the 12 months before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 69. Percentage of high school students who ever had sexual intercourse and who had sexual intercourse for the first time before age 13 years, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Ever had sexual intercourse   Had first sexual intercourse before age 13 years
Female Male Total   Female Male Total
% CI* % CI % CI   % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                          
White 40.3 (34.2–46.8) 39.5 (35.1–44.1) 39.9 (35.0–45.0) 1.6 (1.1–2.4) 3.5 (2.5–4.9) 2.5 (1.9–3.4)
Black 37.4 (30.2–45.3) 58.8 (52.8–64.5) 48.5 (43.2–53.8) 4.3 (2.4–7.4) 12.1 (9.2–15.7) 8.3 (6.4–10.8)
Hispanic 39.8 (35.1–44.7) 45.1 (40.9–49.3) 42.5 (38.6–46.5) 3.1 (2.1–4.4) 6.8 (5.3–8.7) 5.0 (4.0–6.1)
Grade
9 20.7 (17.0–25.0) 27.3 (23.1–31.9) 24.1 (20.8–27.7) 2.5 (1.6–3.7) 4.6 (3.2–6.6) 3.6 (2.6–4.8)
10 33.5 (26.4–41.5) 37.9 (32.4–43.8) 35.7 (29.9–42.0) 2.7 (1.7–4.4) 6.8 (5.3–8.7) 4.7 (3.7–6.1)
11 48.2 (42.1–54.4) 51.2 (46.5–55.9) 49.6 (45.1–54.1) 1.6 (1.0–2.7) 4.8 (3.4–6.6) 3.2 (2.5–4.3)
12 57.2 (52.6–61.7) 59.0 (53.7–64.1) 58.1 (53.8–62.3) 1.7 (0.9–3.0) 5.5 (4.0–7.6) 3.6 (2.7–4.8)
Total 39.2 (34.8–43.7) 43.2 (39.4–47.0) 41.2 (37.5–45.0) 2.2 (1.6–3.0) 5.6 (4.4–7.0) 3.9 (3.2–4.8)

*95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 70. Percentage of high school students who ever had sexual intercourse and who had sexual intercourse for the first time before age 13 years, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Ever had sexual intercourse Had first sexual intercourse before age 13 years
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI* % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 43.6 (37.4–49.9) 49.5 (43.7–55.4) 46.3 (41.2–51.6) 3.8 (2.4–6.0) 10.4 (7.8–13.9) 6.9 (5.4–9.0)
Alaska 35.0 (30.4–40.0) 36.7 (32.0–41.7) 35.9 (32.3–39.8) 2.0 (1.0–3.9) 5.2 (3.5–7.8) 3.7 (2.6–5.2)
Arizona 37.7 (30.9–45.0) 41.2 (35.3–47.3) 39.4 (33.4–45.8) 2.8 (1.7–4.6) 3.5 (2.7–4.7) 3.2 (2.5–4.2)
Arkansas 44.7 (36.5–53.2) 47.3 (38.8–56.0) 46.0 (39.5–52.6) 2.7 (1.5–4.7) 9.3 (6.6–13.1) 5.9 (4.2–8.0)
California 28.5 (24.9–32.4) 36.0 (29.8–42.7) 32.3 (28.0–37.0) 2.6 (1.2–5.5) 3.6 (2.4–5.6) 3.1 (2.0–4.9)
Connecticut 31.3 (26.9–36.1) 34.5 (29.8–39.5) 33.0 (29.0–37.2) 1.3 (0.7–2.4) 4.0 (2.6–6.0) 2.7 (1.9–3.8)
Delaware 43.5 (38.3–48.9) 49.2 (43.8–54.7) 46.8 (42.1–51.5) 2.4 (1.6–3.7) 10.9 (8.1–14.6) 6.8 (5.3–8.8)
Florida 35.7 (33.0–38.4) 44.9 (41.9–47.9) 40.3 (37.9–42.7) 2.2 (1.6–2.9) 9.1 (7.5–11.0) 5.6 (4.7–6.7)
Hawaii 2.5 (1.8–3.5) 4.4 (3.5–5.3) 3.5 (2.9–4.2)
Idaho 35.7 (30.5–41.2) 38.9 (32.8–45.3) 37.3 (32.5–42.5) 1.6 (1.0–2.6) 4.8 (3.6–6.3) 3.2 (2.4–4.3)
Illinois 35.8 (29.0–43.2) 41.6 (32.9–50.8) 38.6 (31.6–46.2) 1.4 (0.8–2.5) 5.2 (3.2–8.2) 3.2 (2.1–4.9)
Indiana 41.7 (36.0–47.7) 41.6 (34.2–49.4) 41.7 (36.0–47.7) 2.5 (1.6–3.9) 3.4 (2.1–5.3) 3.0 (2.1–4.2)
Kentucky 41.4 (36.4–46.6) 42.3 (36.4–48.4) 41.7 (37.4–46.2) 4.1 (3.0–5.6) 5.4 (3.6–7.9) 4.8 (3.7–6.2)
Maine 39.7 (36.6–42.9) 38.2 (35.9–40.6) 39.0 (36.4–41.7) 2.0 (1.6–2.4) 3.6 (2.8–4.5) 2.9 (2.5–3.4)
Maryland 29.8 (28.7–31.0) 35.0 (33.7–36.3) 32.4 (31.3–33.4) 2.4 (2.2–2.6) 7.8 (7.2–8.4) 5.0 (4.7–5.4)
Massachusetts 34.5 (30.8–38.4) 38.3 (33.3–43.6) 36.4 (32.4–40.6) 1.6 (1.0–2.5) 4.3 (3.2–5.9) 2.9 (2.2–3.8)
Michigan 34.7 (29.5–40.3) 36.8 (32.3–41.5) 35.8 (31.9–39.8) 2.0 (1.1–3.7) 4.2 (2.8–6.2) 3.1 (2.1–4.6)
Mississippi 44.0 (38.0–50.1) 52.6 (47.7–57.4) 48.0 (43.3–52.8) 3.8 (2.5–5.6) 13.3 (10.4–16.9) 8.3 (6.7–10.2)
Missouri 35.1 (31.3–39.1) 41.2 (36.6–46.0) 37.7 (34.2–41.4) 2.9 (1.6–5.1) 5.3 (3.8–7.5) 4.1 (3.1–5.3)
Montana 44.5 (41.0–48.0) 43.6 (40.4–46.8) 44.0 (41.1–47.0) 2.5 (1.8–3.4) 3.6 (2.9–4.5) 3.1 (2.5–3.8)
Nebraska 31.7 (27.0–36.8) 32.9 (28.3–37.8) 32.5 (28.6–36.6) 2.1 (1.1–3.7) 4.5 (2.9–7.0) 3.3 (2.3–4.8)
Nevada 39.6 (34.1–45.3) 40.7 (33.7–48.0) 40.1 (34.8–45.7) 2.0 (1.2–3.3) 4.0 (2.3–6.8) 3.0 (2.0–4.5)
New Hampshire 38.7 (36.2–41.4) 39.8 (37.5–42.2) 39.4 (37.4–41.5) 1.9 (1.5–2.4) 3.6 (3.0–4.2) 2.8 (2.4–3.2)
New Mexico 35.1 (32.6–37.6) 39.0 (36.4–41.8) 37.1 (34.9–39.2) 2.7 (2.1–3.4) 6.0 (5.2–7.0) 4.3 (3.8–5.0)
New York 29.6 (24.3–35.5) 31.5 (26.8–36.5) 30.4 (26.2–35.1) 1.5 (1.1–2.2) 6.0 (4.3–8.4) 3.7 (2.7–5.0)
North Carolina 41.4 (37.4–45.4) 45.8 (41.5–50.1) 43.5 (39.8–47.2) 2.5 (1.4–4.4) 7.8 (5.9–10.1) 5.1 (3.8–6.7)
North Dakota 38.6 (34.3–43.1) 39.2 (35.5–43.1) 38.9 (35.8–42.1) 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 4.3 (3.0–6.1) 2.6 (1.9–3.6)
Oklahoma 40.8 (35.3–46.6) 46.3 (40.7–51.9) 43.6 (39.1–48.2) 2.1 (1.3–3.3) 5.7 (2.6–12.0) 3.8 (2.1–6.7)
Pennsylvania 35.3 (30.5–40.3) 37.3 (32.7–42.1) 36.3 (32.0–40.8) 2.4 (1.5–3.8) 5.3 (4.0–7.0) 3.8 (2.9–5.0)
Rhode Island 36.3 (32.6–40.0) 37.0 (32.1–42.2) 36.7 (33.4–40.1) 1.3 (0.7–2.6) 4.4 (2.4–7.7) 2.9 (1.7–4.7)
South Carolina 37.0 (29.8–44.8) 43.6 (35.2–52.4) 40.3 (33.1–47.9) 2.4 (1.4–4.3) 10.5 (7.2–15.1) 6.3 (4.6–8.7)
South Dakota 34.9 (27.3–43.3) 39.4 (30.4–49.1) 37.2 (30.2–44.8) 2.6 (1.0–6.7) 3.8 (2.0–7.1) 3.3 (1.7–6.3)
Tennessee
Vermont 2.0 (1.7–2.3) 4.4 (4.0–4.9) 3.3 (3.0–3.5)
Virginia
West Virginia 49.0 (42.1–56.0) 44.4 (38.9–50.0) 46.7 (41.0–52.5) 4.1 (2.8–5.9) 6.2 (4.3–8.9) 5.1 (3.8–6.9)
Wyoming 42.5 (37.8–47.4) 41.3 (37.3–45.3) 41.9 (38.5–45.4) 3.1 (2.0–4.8) 4.7 (3.3–6.7) 3.9 (2.8–5.4)
Median 37.0 40.7 39.0 2.4 4.8 3.5
Range (28.5–49.0) (31.5–52.6) (30.4–48.0) (0.9–4.1) (3.4–13.3) (2.6–8.3)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 39.0 (31.2–47.3) 62.0 (52.9–70.2) 49.5 (42.9–56.0) 4.9 (3.3–7.1) 20.1 (15.5–25.7) 12.2 (9.6–15.4)
Boston, MA 37.6 (32.0–43.5) 46.3 (41.8–50.9) 41.8 (37.7–46.0) 2.2 (1.2–3.8) 10.5 (8.1–13.6) 6.2 (4.9–7.9)
Broward County, FL 36.6 (31.8–41.7) 43.4 (38.4–48.5) 39.9 (36.2–43.8) 2.6 (1.5–4.3) 8.2 (5.9–11.1) 5.3 (4.1–6.8)
Cleveland, OH 44.6 (39.4–50.0) 57.4 (52.1–62.5) 51.0 (46.6–55.4) 3.7 (2.3–6.0) 17.5 (14.1–21.5) 10.5 (8.6–12.6)
DeKalb County, GA 33.7 (28.9–39.0) 46.0 (42.2–49.8) 39.6 (35.9–43.5) 2.8 (1.8–4.4) 12.5 (10.3–15.2) 7.4 (6.0–9.1)
Detroit, MI 34.2 (29.0–39.9) 57.0 (50.4–63.4) 44.1 (39.6–48.8) 2.9 (1.9–4.3) 17.1 (12.2–23.4) 9.1 (6.8–12.1)
District of Columbia 32.7 (31.3–34.1) 50.9 (49.2–52.7) 40.9 (39.8–42.0) 3.5 (2.9–4.1) 20.1 (18.7–21.6) 11.0 (10.3–11.8)
Duval County, FL 34.0 (30.7–37.4) 39.8 (36.3–43.4) 36.7 (34.1–39.3) 2.7 (1.9–3.8) 8.7 (6.9–11.1) 5.7 (4.6–6.9)
Ft. Worth, TX 35.1 (31.4–39.1) 43.9 (39.7–48.1) 39.5 (36.2–42.8) 1.7 (1.1–2.6) 8.2 (6.3–10.6) 4.9 (3.8–6.2)
Houston, TX 32.2 (28.9–35.7) 42.0 (38.6–45.4) 37.1 (34.4–39.9) 2.2 (1.5–3.3) 8.9 (7.2–11.0) 5.5 (4.5–6.8)
Los Angeles, CA 22.9 (17.9–28.8) 32.7 (28.0–37.7) 27.6 (22.9–32.8) 2.0 (1.1–3.6) 5.7 (3.9–8.4) 3.8 (2.8–5.0)
Miami-Dade County, FL 33.3 (29.0–37.9) 43.8 (39.6–48.1) 38.4 (34.7–42.2) 1.1 (0.7–1.8) 9.3 (7.6–11.4) 5.2 (4.2–6.4)
New York City, NY 24.3 (20.9–28.1) 30.4 (26.0–35.2) 27.2 (23.7–30.9) 1.5 (1.0–2.2) 7.5 (5.4–10.1) 4.4 (3.3–5.8)
Oakland, CA 29.5 (24.2–35.3) 44.6 (39.3–50.0) 37.2 (32.9–41.6) 1.7 (0.9–3.0) 12.7 (9.8–16.5) 7.3 (5.7–9.2)
Orange County, FL 31.6 (26.9–36.7) 42.7 (37.2–48.3) 37.1 (32.9–41.5) 1.3 (0.7–2.5) 9.6 (6.9–13.3) 5.3 (3.9–7.2)
Palm Beach County, FL 38.1 (34.0–42.4) 44.6 (40.5–48.7) 41.3 (37.9–44.8) 3.3 (2.2–4.7) 8.8 (7.0–11.1) 6.1 (5.0–7.5)
Philadelphia, PA 47.9 (40.9–55.0) 57.5 (49.5–65.0) 52.4 (45.6–59.1) 5.4 (3.4–8.6) 14.5 (11.1–18.7) 9.7 (7.9–11.9)
San Diego, CA 27.8 (23.0–33.1) 36.0 (31.4–40.9) 32.0 (27.8–36.5) 1.2 (0.7–2.1) 5.6 (4.0–7.7) 3.5 (2.6–4.6)
San Francisco, CA 26.1 (21.2–31.7) 25.7 (21.2–30.7) 25.9 (21.7–30.5) 1.4 (0.7–2.5) 3.9 (2.6–5.8) 2.7 (1.9–3.8)
Median 33.7 43.9 39.5 2.2 9.3 5.7
Range (22.9–47.9) (25.7–62.0) (25.9–52.4) (1.1–5.4) (3.9–20.1) (2.7–12.2)

*95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 71. Percentage of high school students who had sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their life and who were currently sexually active,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Had sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their life Currently sexually active
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White§ 9.2 (7.1–11.9) 10.6 (8.5–13.1) 9.9 (8.1–12.0) 31.4 (26.7–36.6) 29.1 (26.3–32.1) 30.3 (26.7–34.0)
Black§ 9.2 (6.5–12.8) 28.2 (23.7–33.2) 19.0 (15.7–22.9) 25.7 (20.3–31.9) 40.0 (34.7–45.5) 33.1 (28.7–37.8)
Hispanic 6.7 (5.2–8.6) 15.3 (12.8–18.1) 11.0 (9.3–13.1) 30.1 (26.2–34.2) 30.5 (27.5–33.7) 30.3 (27.3–33.5)
Grade
9 3.0 (2.1–4.4) 6.7 (4.7–9.4) 4.9 (3.7–6.5) 14.0 (11.5–16.8) 17.3 (14.6–20.4) 15.7 (13.5–18.1)
10 6.0 (4.1–8.7) 12.1 (9.8–14.8) 9.0 (7.1–11.3) 24.7 (19.6–30.6) 26.4 (22.5–30.7) 25.5 (21.5–29.9)
11 10.7 (8.6–13.1) 16.0 (12.8–19.9) 13.4 (11.3–15.8) 36.7 (31.8–41.9) 34.5 (30.7–38.6) 35.5 (31.7–39.4)
12 16.1 (12.4–20.7) 22.4 (18.4–27.0) 19.2 (16.2–22.6) 46.5 (42.2–51.0) 45.4 (41.1–49.7) 46.0 (42.3–49.7)
Total 8.8 (7.2–10.6) 14.1 (12.0–16.6) 11.5 (9.9–13.3) 29.8 (26.5–33.4) 30.3 (27.9–32.9) 30.1 (27.4–32.9)

*Had sexual intercourse with at least one person during the 3 months before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 72. Percentage of high school students who had sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their life and who were currently sexually active,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Had sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their life Currently sexually active
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 11.7 (9.2–14.8) 19.5 (14.9–25.0) 15.4 (12.7–18.6) 34.9 (29.9–40.2) 34.8 (29.9–40.1) 34.9 (30.8–39.3)
Alaska 7.0 (4.8–10.1) 10.4 (8.3–12.9) 8.8 (7.0–11.0) 26.5 (22.4–31.0) 24.5 (20.1–29.6) 25.6 (22.7–28.8)
Arizona 10.2 (6.6–15.5) 10.8 (7.4–15.6) 10.6 (7.6–14.5) 28.9 (22.5–36.3) 29.1 (24.3–34.4) 29.0 (23.7–35.1)
Arkansas 12.9 (10.2–16.2) 19.3 (14.7–25.0) 16.0 (12.9–19.6) 34.1 (27.8–40.9) 34.1 (27.8–41.0) 34.1 (29.5–39.0)
California 5.1 (3.9–6.8) 10.4 (7.4–14.6) 7.8 (5.8–10.5) 23.1 (19.9–26.7) 25.1 (18.7–32.9) 24.2 (20.0–29.0)
Connecticut 5.3 (3.6–7.9) 7.1 (5.3–9.5) 6.2 (4.9–7.8) 25.1 (21.5–29.1) 21.4 (17.6–25.8) 23.3 (20.1–26.9)
Delaware 8.8 (6.1–12.7) 16.4 (12.8–20.8) 12.9 (10.2–16.2) 34.3 (29.2–39.8) 31.6 (27.4–36.2) 33.5 (29.4–37.9)
Florida 6.2 (5.3–7.4) 16.5 (14.4–18.9) 11.4 (10.1–12.9) 25.5 (23.4–27.8) 29.3 (26.8–31.9) 27.5 (25.5–29.6)
Hawaii 7.0 (5.4–8.9) 6.5 (5.4–7.8) 6.8 (5.6–8.2) 25.4 (22.5–28.4) 18.9 (16.2–22.0) 22.3 (20.3–24.5)
Idaho § 30.1 (25.2–35.5) 29.5 (24.8–34.6) 29.8 (25.8–34.1)
Illinois 7.0 (4.8–10.1) 11.1 (7.5–16.2) 9.0 (6.8–11.8) 28.7 (23.1–35.1) 30.6 (23.2–39.1) 29.7 (24.2–35.8)
Indiana 8.0 (5.8–10.9) 9.1 (6.3–13.0) 8.7 (6.4–11.5) 32.7 (27.3–38.7) 30.7 (25.2–36.8) 31.7 (27.1–36.7)
Kentucky 10.2 (7.4–14.0) 10.6 (7.7–14.5) 10.4 (8.2–13.1) 29.6 (24.1–35.7) 31.0 (26.3–36.2) 30.3 (26.3–34.6)
Maine 8.1 (7.1–9.2) 8.2 (7.0–9.6) 8.2 (7.2–9.3) 30.7 (28.0–33.5) 26.2 (24.4–28.0) 28.5 (26.5–30.6)
Maryland 5.9 (5.5–6.4) 11.4 (10.8–12.2) 8.6 (8.2–9.1) 22.1 (21.2–23.0) 23.0 (22.1–24.0) 22.6 (21.8–23.4)
Massachusetts 6.0 (4.6–7.8) 9.8 (7.5–12.7) 7.9 (6.2–10.0) 27.9 (24.6–31.4) 27.6 (23.3–32.3) 27.7 (24.4–31.3)
Michigan 8.2 (5.5–12.0) 9.5 (7.2–12.4) 8.8 (6.6–11.6) 27.4 (22.5–33.0) 23.8 (20.0–28.0) 25.6 (22.2–29.4)
Mississippi 12.0 (8.8–16.2) 19.4 (16.1–23.2) 15.5 (13.1–18.1) 32.7 (27.8–38.1) 35.2 (31.4–39.2) 33.8 (30.4–37.5)
Missouri 26.1 (22.3–30.2) 29.2 (25.6–33.2) 27.5 (24.3–30.9)
Montana 12.3 (10.5–14.2) 14.6 (12.0–17.7) 13.4 (11.7–15.4) 34.9 (31.7–38.2) 30.0 (27.5–32.6) 32.3 (29.9–34.8)
Nebraska 7.1 (5.0–9.9) 9.0 (6.5–12.4) 8.0 (6.3–10.1) 26.2 (22.2–30.7) 23.4 (19.2–28.2) 24.9 (21.4–28.7)
Nevada 8.7 (5.9–12.5) 12.8 (9.1–17.6) 10.7 (8.2–13.9) 27.5 (22.9–32.7) 26.4 (20.4–33.4) 27.0 (22.3–32.2)
New Hampshire 32.0 (29.8–34.4) 30.4 (28.4–32.4) 31.3 (29.5–33.0)
New Mexico 6.5 (5.7–7.5) 11.0 (9.7–12.5) 8.7 (7.9–9.6) 25.5 (23.4–27.6) 24.6 (22.5–26.9) 25.1 (23.4–26.9)
New York 5.9 (4.4–7.7) 8.7 (6.3–12.0) 7.2 (5.5–9.4) 24.3 (20.0–29.2) 22.8 (19.1–27.0) 23.6 (20.3–27.2)
North Carolina 9.1 (6.8–12.2) 15.8 (11.7–21.0) 12.5 (9.9–15.8) 32.4 (29.5–35.5) 33.0 (29.5–36.6) 32.7 (30.3–35.2)
North Dakota 30.5 (26.5–34.8) 28.9 (25.6–32.4) 29.7 (26.8–32.7)
Oklahoma 8.4 (6.0–11.5) 17.9 (14.2–22.4) 13.1 (10.3–16.5) 31.3 (26.3–36.8) 31.0 (25.5–37.1) 31.0 (26.7–35.7)
Pennsylvania 7.9 (5.9–10.5) 12.8 (10.0–16.2) 10.3 (8.2–12.8) 26.5 (22.2–31.4) 26.8 (22.4–31.8) 26.7 (22.7–31.1)
Rhode Island 6.0 (4.5–7.9) 8.8 (5.7–13.3) 7.4 (6.0–8.9) 28.3 (24.9–32.0) 23.0 (20.6–25.6) 25.7 (23.0–28.6)
South Carolina 4.9 (3.4–7.0) 12.8 (8.4–19.2) 8.7 (6.3–12.0) 26.7 (20.5–34.1) 28.2 (20.8–37.0) 27.6 (21.7–34.4)
South Dakota 10.9 (6.9–17.0) 14.2 (9.0–21.7) 12.6 (8.8–17.8) 26.6 (21.6–32.4) 28.1 (20.6–37.2) 27.5 (22.1–33.6)
Tennessee
Vermont 9.5 (8.9–10.1) 10.4 (9.8–11.0) 10.0 (9.6–10.5) 32.7 (31.8–33.7) 29.6 (28.7–30.5) 31.2 (30.6–31.9)
Virginia
West Virginia 11.3 (8.5–14.9) 15.4 (12.2–19.4) 13.4 (11.0–16.1) 39.0 (33.0–45.4) 31.8 (26.7–37.3) 35.5 (30.4–40.9)
Wyoming 12.4 (9.4–16.2) 13.3 (10.7–16.4) 12.9 (10.5–15.7) 33.7 (29.2–38.5) 29.1 (25.5–32.9) 31.5 (28.2–34.9)
Median 8.1 11.1 10.0 28.7 29.1 28.5
Range (4.9–12.9) (6.5–19.5) (6.2–16.0) (22.1–39.0) (18.9–35.2) (22.3–35.5)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 8.5 (5.5–13.1) 27.5 (20.1–36.3) 17.0 (12.2–23.0) 28.8 (21.7–37.1) 42.1 (32.6–52.3) 34.9 (28.7–41.6)
Boston, MA 6.1 (4.2–8.9) 17.8 (14.6–21.7) 11.7 (9.8–14.0) 28.6 (23.5–34.3) 31.5 (27.2–36.1) 29.9 (26.5–33.7)
Broward County, FL 7.3 (5.0–10.6) 13.7 (10.7–17.4) 10.6 (8.5–13.1) 27.2 (22.8–32.1) 27.8 (23.6–32.3) 27.6 (24.2–31.2)
Cleveland, OH 9.3 (6.9–12.5) 27.5 (23.1–32.3) 18.2 (15.5–21.2) 31.4 (26.6–36.6) 38.9 (33.9–44.2) 35.2 (31.3–39.3)
DeKalb County, GA 6.8 (5.2–8.8) 17.1 (14.5–20.1) 11.7 (9.8–13.8) 22.7 (18.8–27.2) 27.4 (23.8–31.4) 25.0 (21.7–28.5)
Detroit, MI 5.5 (4.0–7.6) 21.6 (17.4–26.6) 12.5 (10.4–15.0) 23.9 (19.5–28.9) 32.9 (27.6–38.5) 27.8 (24.0–32.1)
District of Columbia 5.9 (5.2–6.6) 23.4 (21.9–25.0) 13.8 (13.0–14.6) 24.2 (22.9–25.5) 33.1 (31.4–34.8) 28.2 (27.28–29.3)
Duval County, FL 7.4 (5.8–9.4) 13.6 (11.0–16.8) 10.3 (8.7–12.1) 24.2 (21.3–27.4) 27.0 (23.5–30.7) 25.6 (23.1–28.3)
Ft. Worth, TX 5.1 (3.9–6.6) 16.5 (14.2–19.0) 10.7 (9.3–12.2) 25.3 (22.2–28.7) 28.9 (25.9–32.1) 27.1 (24.5–29.8)
Houston, TX 6.3 (4.8–8.3) 16.2 (13.9–18.8) 11.3 (9.6–13.2) 22.3 (19.6–25.2) 26.6 (23.8–29.5) 24.4 (22.2–26.7)
Los Angeles, CA 2.3 (1.3–3.9) 9.5 (6.9–13.0) 5.7 (4.3–7.5) 16.8 (13.2–21.1) 21.0 (17.2–25.5) 18.8 (15.3–23.0)
Miami-Dade County, FL 4.6 (3.4–6.2) 17.5 (14.9–20.5) 11.0 (9.2–13.0) 24.2 (20.8–28.1) 28.5 (24.9–32.4) 26.3 (23.3–29.5)
New York City, NY 4.3 (3.2–5.8) 11.4 (8.7–14.7) 7.6 (6.0–9.8) 18.5 (15.4–22.0) 19.1 (15.7–23.0) 18.7 (15.9–21.9)
Oakland, CA 5.7 (3.9–8.3) 16.5 (13.1–20.6) 11.2 (9.1–13.6) 20.8 (16.8–25.4) 26.6 (22.3–31.5) 23.9 (20.8–27.3)
Orange County, FL 4.2 (2.9–6.1) 15.4 (11.9–19.7) 9.7 (7.7–12.1) 22.6 (18.8–26.8) 26.2 (22.0–30.9) 24.4 (21.1–27.9)
Palm Beach County, FL 8.6 (6.7–10.9) 15.8 (13.1–18.9) 12.2 (10.4–14.2) 30.0 (26.4–33.8) 30.9 (27.1–35.0) 30.6 (27.7–33.7)
Philadelphia, PA 11.3 (8.4–14.9) 28.6 (22.4–35.8) 19.4 (15.7–23.8) 35.5 (29.8–41.7) 39.1 (32.2–46.4) 37.2 (31.5–43.2)
San Diego, CA 3.1 (2.1–4.4) 10.5 (8.6–12.7) 6.8 (5.6–8.2) 20.4 (16.4–25.0) 24.4 (20.2–29.0) 22.3 (18.9–26.2)
San Francisco, CA 20.1 (16.1–24.9) 17.4 (13.6–21.9) 18.7 (15.2–22.9)
Median 6.0 16.5 11.2 24.2 27.8 26.3
Range (2.3–11.3) (9.5–28.6) (5.7–19.4) (16.8–35.5) (17.4–42.1) (18.7–37.2)

*Had sexual intercourse with at least one person during the 3 months before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 73. Percentage of high school students who used a condom during last sexual intercourse* and who used birth control pills before last sexual intercourse,*, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Condom use Birth control pill use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 55.9 (51.2–60.4) 58.1 (52.8–63.3) 56.8 (52.5–61.1) 25.4 (21.2–30.3) 21.4 (18.1–25.0) 23.5 (20.4–26.9)
Black 46.7 (38.7–54.8) 73.6 (63.7–81.7) 63.4 (56.5–69.7) 9.0 (4.8–16.4) 9.0 (6.0–13.2) 9.0 (6.4–12.4)
Hispanic 48.3 (41.4–55.3) 62.5 (57.1–67.7) 55.6 (51.9–59.1) 15.4 (11.0–21.2) 8.1 (5.7–11.4) 11.8 (8.8–15.7)
Grade
9 56.7 (49.3–63.8) 63.3 (54.8–71.1) 60.5 (54.8–65.9) 11.2 (7.3–16.7) 10.8 (6.9–16.7) 10.9 (7.8–15.1)
10 54.0 (47.0–60.8) 65.6 (57.8–72.7) 59.9 (54.2–65.4) 20.2 (15.9–25.3) 11.6 (8.0–16.6) 15.9 (13.0–19.2)
11 52.9 (46.8–59.0) 62.5 (55.9–68.7) 57.7 (52.9–62.2) 23.9 (19.2–29.3) 19.1 (15.2–23.6) 21.5 (18.0–25.5)
12 48.8 (44.0–53.6) 57.4 (51.6–63.0) 52.9 (48.7–57.1) 23.2 (17.9–29.5) 16.9 (12.9–21.8) 20.1 (16.1–24.7)
Total 52.0 (48.9–55.2) 61.5 (57.5–65.4) 56.9 (53.9–59.8) 21.3 (18.6–24.2) 15.2 (12.9–17.8) 18.2 (16.1–20.5)

*Among the 30.1% of students nationwide who were currently sexually active.
To prevent pregnancy.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 74. Percentage of high school students who used a condom during last sexual intercourse* and who used birth control pills before last sexual intercourse,*,† by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Condom use Birth control pill use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 42.8 (33.3–53.0) 58.9 (49.0–68.1) 50.9 (43.1–58.7) 24.3 (17.7–32.5) 12.9 (8.8–18.4) 18.8 (14.8–23.5)
Alaska 54.1 (46.1–62.0) 69.8 (62.7–76.2) 61.9 (56.0–67.5) 23.4 (17.5–30.5) 14.4 (9.3–21.6) 18.9 (14.7–24.0)
Arizona 51.8 (40.9–62.5) 59.0 (48.7–68.5) 55.1 (46.9–63.1) 20.1 (12.3–30.9) 21.1 (13.6–31.2) 20.7 (13.5–30.2)
Arkansas 46.8 (40.8–52.9) 59.6 (44.8–72.8) 52.7 (46.6–58.7) 20.1 (15.9–25.2) 15.0 (8.9–24.1) 17.8 (13.9–22.5)
California 55.8 (43.4–67.4) 57.9 (47.5–67.5) 56.8 (50.4–62.9) 14.3 (9.0–22.0) 12.1 (8.0–17.9) 13.1 (10.5–16.1)
Connecticut 53.6 (46.3–60.8) 66.6 (59.5–72.9) 59.4 (53.4–65.1) 30.8 (23.5–39.2) 21.9 (16.2–29.0) 26.8 (21.6–32.7)
Delaware 48.0 (39.9–56.2) 66.3 (59.6–72.4) 57.0 (51.6–62.3) 23.1 (18.1–28.9) 12.5 (8.8–17.5) 18.0 (14.7–21.8)
Florida 56.2 (52.2–60.2) 67.1 (62.3–71.6) 61.7 (58.4–64.9) 15.8 (12.8–19.4) 11.4 (9.6–13.5) 13.6 (11.7–15.8)
Hawaii 44.8 (41.1–48.7) 53.9 (43.8–63.7) 48.4 (43.7–53.1) 18.6 (14.2–23.9) 13.8 (9.9–19.0) 16.7 (13.2–20.8)
Idaho 57.1 (48.9–64.9) 59.8 (52.7–66.6) 58.3 (52.9–63.5)
Illinois 57.9 (53.0–62.7) 54.7 (48.4–60.9) 56.2 (52.4–59.9) 30.9 (19.6–45.1) 17.4 (12.0–24.5) 24.0 (17.2–32.5)
Indiana 51.3 (44.3–58.2) 55.6 (43.7–67.0) 53.4 (45.9–60.8) 26.3 (17.9–36.9) 13.8 (8.9–20.6) 20.2 (14.2–27.8)
Kentucky 43.8 (35.6–52.3) 64.6 (56.9–71.6) 53.9 (47.4–60.3) 26.1 (19.6–34.0) 18.7 (14.3–24.1) 22.4 (18.5–26.7)
Maine 54.0 (50.0–57.9) 62.7 (59.5–65.8) 57.9 (55.0–60.7) 35.6 (32.9–38.3) 28.9 (25.5–32.5) 32.4 (29.9–35.1)
Maryland 55.6 (53.9–57.4) 67.3 (65.5–68.9) 61.3 (60.0–62.5) 21.8 (20.4–23.3) 13.3 (12.3–14.5) 17.7 (16.7–18.8)
Massachusetts 57.4 (51.6–63.0) 67.6 (63.4–71.5) 62.5 (58.9–65.9) 31.6 (26.3–37.4) 25.2 (20.1–31.2) 28.4 (24.5–32.6)
Michigan 53.5 (43.9–62.8) 62.0 (52.3–70.8) 57.2 (50.6–63.6) 22.7 (15.8–31.4) 24.0 (15.1–35.8) 23.3 (18.1–29.4)
Mississippi 54.1 (45.3–62.7) 57.6 (48.5–66.2) 55.8 (49.9–61.6) 19.9 (14.2–27.2) 16.4 (11.2–23.3) 18.3 (14.6–22.5)
Missouri 53.5 (45.0–61.9) 59.8 (50.7–68.3) 56.4 (48.5–64.0) 27.1 (19.0–37.1) 18.8 (10.9–30.6) 22.9 (17.4–29.4)
Montana 55.4 (51.5–59.3) 63.6 (57.9–68.9) 59.2 (55.6–62.8) 28.9 (25.6–32.4) 25.0 (21.6–28.7) 27.1 (24.3–30.1)
Nebraska 56.3 (48.0–64.3) 58.4 (49.0–67.2) 57.0 (49.9–63.8) 24.6 (17.6–33.2) 16.5 (10.8–24.4) 20.7 (16.2–26.0)
Nevada 49.2 (40.4–58.1) 58.5 (50.3–66.2) 53.7 (47.2–60.1) 23.9 (14.5–36.6) 16.7 (10.0–26.7) 20.4 (13.6–29.4)
New Hampshire 55.9 (52.9–58.9) 65.1 (61.7–68.5) 60.2 (57.7–62.6) 38.2 (34.8–41.7) 27.1 (24.7–29.7) 32.7 (30.6–34.9)
New Mexico 45.4 (41.3–49.6) 59.5 (55.6–63.2) 52.1 (49.0–55.2) 16.7 (13.9–19.9) 13.0 (10.4–16.2) 14.9 (13.0–17.0)
New York 55.6 (49.3–61.7) 61.2 (57.1–65.2) 58.1 (53.7–62.4) 24.9 (19.2–31.7) 18.7 (13.5–25.3) 22.1 (17.9–26.9)
North Carolina 55.5 (48.3–62.5) 65.3 (57.1–72.7) 60.5 (54.8–65.9) 18.9 (12.3–27.8) 19.0 (14.3–24.8) 18.9 (15.1–23.4)
North Dakota 60.2 (53.3–66.7) 62.5 (55.5–69.0) 61.4 (56.5–66.0)
Oklahoma 56.7 (46.1–66.7) 63.2 (52.5–72.8) 59.9 (51.0–68.3) 16.3 (10.1–25.4) 13.4 (9.0–19.5) 14.9 (10.5–20.6)
Pennsylvania 54.8 (49.2–60.3) 71.8 (64.2–78.3) 63.3 (58.6–67.7) 24.6 (18.9–31.2) 15.2 (9.9–22.5) 19.9 (15.3–25.5)
Rhode Island 57.7 (50.5–64.6) 66.3 (57.7–73.9) 61.4 (55.0–67.4) 25.6 (19.8–32.6) 28.8 (18.6–41.6) 26.9 (19.7–35.6)
South Carolina 49.8 (36.8–62.8) 68.0 (58.2–76.4) 58.9 (49.5–67.7) 22.6 (15.0–32.6) 18.2 (11.5–27.6) 20.3 (14.6–27.4)
South Dakota 61.8 (48.5–73.5) 63.5 (47.9–76.7) 62.7 (51.0–73.1) 29.8 (21.9–39.0) 25.3 (14.9–39.6) 27.3 (20.5–35.4)
Tennessee
Vermont 54.8 (53.0–56.5) 62.0 (60.2–63.8) 58.2 (57.0–59.5) 38.5 (36.8–40.3) 30.2 (28.5–32.0) 34.6 (33.4–35.9)
Virginia
West Virginia 47.1 (41.7–52.6) 57.3 (48.7–65.5) 51.5 (46.3–56.6) 34.5 (28.9–40.6) 19.9 (15.1–25.6) 28.2 (23.7–33.2)
Wyoming 48.3 (40.9–55.7) 58.0 (52.5–63.2) 52.7 (48.0–57.3) 25.7 (19.8–32.7) 15.1 (11.0–20.4) 20.9 (16.4–26.2)
Median 54.1 62.0 57.9 24.6 17.4 20.7
Range (42.8–61.8) (53.9–71.8) (48.4–63.3) (14.3–38.5) (11.4–30.2) (13.1–34.6)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 54.2 (43.6–64.5) 67.4 (58.7–75.0) 61.1 (55.2–66.7) 17.1 (10.5–26.5) 12.3 (6.6–21.8) 14.3 (9.8–20.5)
Boston, MA 48.9 (40.7–57.1) 72.5 (65.3–78.8) 60.6 (54.9–66.0) 23.0 (16.7–30.7) 14.3 (9.3–21.2) 18.6 (14.5–23.6)
Broward County, FL 55.6 (47.7–63.3) 67.9 (60.0–74.9) 61.5 (55.2–67.3) 13.2 (8.2–20.5) 14.5 (9.7–21.2) 13.8 (10.1–18.4)
Cleveland, OH 48.2 (40.0–56.6) 61.9 (53.3–69.7) 55.5 (48.9–61.8) 16.4 (12.0–22.0) 10.9 (7.1–16.4) 13.4 (10.2–17.3)
DeKalb County, GA 53.6 (45.8–61.2) 76.4 (68.0–83.2) 65.0 (58.9–70.7) 13.4 (9.2–19.1) 11.1 (7.3–16.6) 12.2 (9.2–16.0)
Detroit, MI 56.9 (47.9–65.5) 80.8 (73.7–86.3) 68.9 (63.1–74.2) 10.2 (6.4–15.8) 6.8 (3.8–11.9) 8.7 (6.1–12.3)
District of Columbia 57.5 (54.3–60.6) 75.2 (72.3–77.9) 66.6 (64.4–68.7) 8.0 (6.5–9.8) 7.4 (5.9–9.3) 7.7 (6.6–8.9)
Duval County, FL 53.2 (46.2–60.1) 67.0 (61.2–72.2) 59.8 (55.5–64.1) 16.0 (12.1–21.0) 13.3 (9.7–18.0) 14.9 (12.1–18.1)
Ft. Worth, TX 43.7 (36.9–50.7) 65.9 (60.2–71.2) 55.4 (51.1–59.7) 12.1 (8.5–16.9) 10.2 (6.9–14.7) 11.1 (8.4–14.5)
Houston, TX 48.2 (41.5–55.0) 67.5 (61.6–72.9) 58.5 (54.3–62.6) 8.5 (5.9–12.2) 4.9 (2.7–8.9) 6.8 (5.1–9.0)
Los Angeles, CA 54.4 (42.7–65.6) 69.0 (61.9–75.4) 62.3 (55.0–69.0) 8.9 (4.2–17.9) 5.8 (3.7–9.0) 7.2 (4.1–12.3)
Miami-Dade County, FL 60.0 (52.7–67.0) 68.0 (62.4–73.1) 64.2 (59.6–68.5) 9.6 (6.7–13.6) 6.5 (4.3–9.7) 8.0 (6.0–10.4)
New York City, NY 55.3 (48.8–61.7) 69.9 (66.0–73.5) 62.2 (58.0–66.3) 13.4 (11.0–16.4) 11.5 (7.8–16.7) 12.5 (10.2–15.2)
Oakland, CA 52.6 (43.1–61.9) 67.1 (58.4–74.8) 60.6 (53.9–66.9)
Orange County, FL 48.3 (40.3–56.2) 66.5 (58.1–74.0) 58.3 (52.0–64.4) 14.0 (8.9–21.1) 8.7 (4.8–15.2) 11.1 (7.9–15.3)
Palm Beach County, FL 57.1 (50.8–63.1) 64.2 (57.9–70.0) 60.2 (55.8–64.5) 15.6 (11.4–20.9) 15.3 (10.4–21.9) 15.5 (11.9–19.8)
Philadelphia, PA 46.8 (39.6–54.1) 65.3 (58.1–71.8) 55.9 (50.9–60.8) 13.5 (9.8–18.3) 8.8 (5.5–13.9) 11.2 (8.6–14.5)
San Diego, CA 59.2 (52.0–66.1) 58.9 (50.9–66.5) 59.0 (54.6–63.3) 18.8 (13.4–25.7) 16.1 (11.9–21.3) 17.3 (13.6–21.7)
San Francisco, CA 47.6 (35.0–60.5) 68.9 (57.9–78.1) 57.7 (49.2–65.7) 14.7 (8.6–23.9) 8.6 (5.3–13.8) 11.8 (7.7–17.7)
Median 53.6 67.5 60.6 13.4 10.5 12.0
Range (43.7–60.0) (58.9–80.8) (55.4–68.9) (8.0–23.0) (4.9–16.1) (6.8–18.6)

*Among students who were currently sexually active.
To prevent pregnancy.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 75. Percentage of high school students who used an IUD* or implant before last sexual intercourse§ and who used a shot, patch,** or birth control ring†† before last sexual intercourse,§ by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category IUD or implant use Shot, patch, or birth control ring use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White¶¶ 4.8 (3.0–7.5) 2.9 (1.8–4.4) 3.9 (2.8–5.4) 8.9 (6.7–11.9) 2.7 (1.8–4.2) 6.0 (4.6–7.7)
Black¶¶ 3.7 (1.8–7.3) 1.1 (0.1–7.1) 2.1 (1.0–4.4) 7.8 (5.2–11.6) 3.1 (1.4–6.9) 4.9 (3.0–7.8)
Hispanic 4.0 (2.2–7.3) 1.7 (0.7–4.1) 2.9 (1.8–4.5) 3.7 (2.4–5.7) 2.5 (1.4–4.3) 3.1 (2.0–4.8)
Grade
9 3.8 (1.2–11.8) 0.8 (0.1–6.1) 2.1 (0.8–5.3) 5.8 (3.1–10.7) 1.4 (0.5–4.4) 3.3 (1.9–5.7)
10 4.1 (1.9–8.8) 1.5 (0.6–3.6) 2.8 (1.5–5.1) 9.3 (6.4–13.3) 2.4 (1.1–5.2) 5.8 (4.1–8.0)
11 4.9 (3.1–7.8) 2.9 (1.4–5.7) 3.9 (2.7–5.7) 7.3 (4.5–11.6) 3.5 (2.1–6.0) 5.5 (3.7–8.0)
12 4.7 (2.9–7.7) 2.8 (1.6–4.9) 3.8 (2.5–5.6) 8.3 (5.5–12.3) 3.0 (1.8–5.1) 5.7 (4.1–7.9)
Total 4.5 (3.2–6.4) 2.2 (1.5–3.2) 3.3 (2.5–4.4) 7.9 (6.1–10.1) 2.7 (2.0–3.7) 5.3 (4.3–6.6)

*Such as Mirena or ParaGard.
Such as Implanon or Nexplanon.
§To prevent pregnancy, among the 30.1% of students nationwide who were currently sexually active.
Such as Depo-Provera.
**Such as OrthoEvra.
††Such as NuvaRing.
§§95% confidence interval.
¶¶Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 76. Percentage of high school students who used an IUD* or implant before last sexual intercourse§ and who used a shot, patch,** or birth control ring†† before last sexual intercourse,§ by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site IUD or implant use Shot, patch, or birth control ring use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 2.9 (1.2–6.5) 1.2 (0.3–5.2) 2.1 (1.0–4.2) 11.9 (6.3–21.2) 4.3 (1.5–11.7) 8.7 (4.9–15.1)
Alaska 12.0 (8.0–17.7) 6.7 (2.9–14.7) 9.7 (6.6–14.2) 4.8 (2.4–9.3) 8.4 (5.0–13.8) 6.5 (4.7–8.9)
Arizona 5.4 (2.0–13.8) 3.2 (0.9–10.5) 4.3 (1.9–9.4) 3.5 (1.7–6.9) 1.3 (0.4–4.4) 2.4 (1.4–4.3)
Arkansas 2.4 (0.9–6.2) 0.2 (0.1–1.0) 1.4 (0.6–3.4) 9.9 (5.4–17.6) 7.7 (3.7–15.2) 8.9 (5.8–13.4)
California 5.3 (2.4–11.3) 1.1 (0.2–6.0) 3.1 (1.4–6.6) 5.6 (2.8–10.7) 3.7 (1.1–11.1) 4.6 (3.0–7.1)
Connecticut 3.8 (2.0–7.4) 4.5 (2.2–9.0) 4.1 (2.4–6.9) 1.2 (0.3–5.3) 2.1 (0.8–5.6) 1.6 (0.8–3.3)
Delaware 4.3 (2.4–7.5) 2.5 (1.2–5.0) 3.3 (2.1–5.2) 7.7 (4.8–12.3) 4.5 (2.5–8.1) 6.0 (4.0–9.0)
Florida 2.0 (1.1–3.5) 0.6 (0.3–1.6) 1.3 (0.8–2.2) 3.8 (2.0–7.1) 1.4 (0.7–2.8) 2.5 (1.6–4.0)
Hawaii 6.1 (3.1–11.5) 2.3 (1.3–4.2) 4.6 (2.8–7.4) 6.8 (4.3–10.5) 3.6 (1.8–7.1) 5.5 (4.0–7.5)
Idaho ¶¶
Illinois 4.8 (2.7–8.6) 1.5 (0.6–3.8) 3.1 (1.7–5.7) 5.8 (2.9–11.3) 2.2 (0.9–5.2) 4.0 (2.5–6.3)
Indiana 5.0 (2.4–10.0) 2.7 (0.8–8.4) 3.9 (1.7–8.4) 5.8 (2.5–13.2) 5.4 (2.0–13.9) 5.6 (2.7–11.3)
Kentucky 7.8 (3.9–15.1) 2.6 (1.0–6.6) 5.2 (2.6–10.0) 10.5 (6.4–16.9) 1.7 (0.9–3.0) 6.1 (3.8–9.6)
Maine 6.4 (4.1–9.9) 3.4 (2.1–5.3) 5.0 (3.3–7.6) 8.1 (6.3–10.3) 4.2 (2.9–6.1) 6.3 (5.0–8.0)
Maryland 2.6 (2.1–3.2) 1.3 (1.0–1.8) 2.0 (1.7–2.3) 6.0 (5.2–7.0) 2.0 (1.6–2.5) 4.0 (3.6–4.6)
Massachusetts 6.0 (3.6–10.1) 0.6 (0.2–2.6) 3.4 (2.1–5.4) 4.7 (2.7–7.9) 2.9 (1.4–6.1) 3.8 (2.5–5.8)
Michigan 3.7 (1.0–12.1) 0.7 (0.1–4.3) 2.3 (0.8–6.9) 12.4 (7.1–20.6) 2.6 (1.0–6.4) 7.9 (4.9–12.5)
Mississippi 4.8 (2.6–8.8) 3.1 (1.2–7.9) 4.0 (2.4–6.7) 10.9 (6.1–18.8) 3.0 (1.1–7.7) 7.2 (4.2–12.0)
Missouri 4.9 (2.5–9.2) 4.1 (2.1–7.8) 4.6 (2.9–7.2) 8.7 (5.7–13.2) 2.5 (1.1–5.7) 5.6 (3.7–8.4)
Montana 5.6 (3.6–8.5) 2.5 (1.4–4.5) 4.2 (2.9–6.0) 9.8 (7.8–12.4) 2.8 (1.6–5.1) 6.6 (5.3–8.2)
Nebraska 5.0 (2.3–10.2) 0.6 (0.1–4.3) 3.3 (1.7–6.4) 4.3 (2.4–7.6) 2.9 (1.1–7.5) 3.6 (2.2–5.8)
Nevada 2.7 (0.6–11.1) 1.2 (0.3–4.6) 1.9 (0.6–5.9) 5.0 (2.3–10.4) 1.1 (0.3–5.0) 3.1 (1.5–6.3)
New Hampshire 6.6 (5.4–8.0) 3.1 (2.5–4.0) 4.9 (4.2–5.7) 5.5 (4.2–7.0) 2.4 (1.7–3.2) 3.9 (3.2–4.8)
New Mexico 7.8 (6.0–10.2) 5.1 (3.8–7.0) 6.5 (5.3–7.9) 9.0 (7.0–11.6) 4.6 (3.2–6.7) 7.0 (5.5–8.8)
New York 4.7 (2.1–10.5) 3.4 (1.3–8.5) 4.1 (2.1–7.9) 5.4 (3.6–8.1) 2.1 (1.1–3.8) 3.9 (2.6–5.8)
North Carolina 1.9 (1.0–3.5) 1.1 (0.3–4.8) 1.5 (0.8–3.0) 8.2 (5.7–11.5) 3.6 (2.2–5.9) 5.9 (4.5–7.7)
North Dakota
Oklahoma 3.8 (1.4–9.6) 2.7 (1.0–6.8) 3.3 (1.4–7.3) 7.3 (4.5–11.6) 5.3 (2.2–12.4) 6.3 (3.9–10.1)
Pennsylvania 1.7 (0.8–3.7) 1.7 (0.5–5.6) 1.7 (0.7–4.0) 4.4 (2.3–8.4) 3.0 (1.6–5.4) 3.7 (2.3–5.7)
Rhode Island 3.7 (1.6–8.1) 0.6 (0.1–2.5) 2.3 (1.0–5.1) 5.5 (2.3–12.5) 2.2 (0.8–6.1) 4.0 (2.2–7.2)
South Carolina 6.5 (1.7–22.3) 2.4 (0.7–7.7) 4.4 (1.6–12.0) 10.1 (5.4–18.0) 3.3 (1.1–9.6) 6.7 (4.3–10.3)
South Dakota 3.1 (1.3–7.2) 2.2 (0.7–6.8) 2.6 (1.2–5.5) 5.3 (2.8–9.8) 1.1 (0.2–5.3) 3.0 (1.8–5.2)
Tennessee
Vermont 8.4 (7.5–9.5) 3.8 (3.1–4.6) 6.2 (5.6–6.9) 8.5 (7.5–9.5) 4.1 (3.4–5.0) 6.4 (5.8–7.1)
Virginia
West Virginia 3.1 (1.3–7.0) 3.9 (2.5–6.0) 3.4 (2.2–5.4) 7.2 (4.2–12.0) 2.2 (0.8–6.0) 5.0 (3.0–8.3)
Wyoming 6.5 (3.6–11.4) 2.5 (1.2–4.9) 4.6 (2.9–7.3) 11.3 (7.0–17.6) 7.5 (4.6–12.1) 9.5 (6.4–13.8)
Median 4.8 2.5 3.4 6.8 2.9 5.6
Range (1.7–12.0) (0.2–6.7) (1.3–9.7) (1.2–12.4) (1.1–8.4) (1.6–9.5)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 6.4 (2.4–15.7) 0.0 2.8 (1.1–7.0) 7.2 (3.9–12.8) 9.1 (4.9–16.4) 8.2 (5.5–12.0)
Boston, MA 9.7 (5.5–16.4) 1.7 (0.6–4.6) 5.7 (3.6–9.0) 11.0 (6.4–18.5) 2.6 (1.0–6.3) 6.8 (4.0–11.3)
Broward County, FL 0.8 (0.1–5.7) 0.0 0.6 (0.1–2.6) 2.2 (0.7–7.3) 0.0 1.1 (0.3–3.7)
Cleveland, OH 4.6 (2.3–9.0) 1.3 (0.3–6.2) 3.0 (1.6–5.6) 16.0 (10.5–23.8) 5.6 (3.2–9.7) 10.5 (7.3–14.8)
DeKalb County, GA 3.9 (1.7–8.8) 0.0 1.9 (0.8–4.4) 6.0 (3.1–11.4) 2.5 (1.0–6.2) 4.2 (2.4–7.3)
Detroit, MI 2.5 (0.9–6.9) 1.2 (0.2–8.4) 1.8 (0.5–6.2) 3.8 (1.7–8.0) 0.0 2.1 (1.0–4.2)
District of Columbia 5.2 (4.0–6.9) 1.7 (1.1–2.7) 3.5 (2.7–4.4) 9.5 (7.8–11.5) 2.1 (1.4–3.2) 5.7 (4.8–6.9)
Duval County, FL 2.9 (1.3–6.2) 1.2 (0.3–4.3) 2.3 (1.2–4.2) 5.4 (3.1–9.2) 2.7 (1.2–6.2) 4.4 (2.8–6.7)
Ft. Worth, TX 2.0 (0.9–4.4) 0.5 (0.1–1.8) 1.2 (0.6–2.4) 4.0 (2.0–8.0) 1.1 (0.4–3.4) 2.5 (1.4–4.5)
Houston, TX 3.4 (1.7–6.5) 1.2 (0.4–3.2) 2.2 (1.2–3.9) 8.0 (5.3–12.0) 1.2 (0.4–3.0) 4.3 (3.1–6.1)
Los Angeles, CA 6.0 (2.7–12.7) 0.9 (0.2–3.4) 3.3 (1.5–6.9) 6.7 (3.1–13.6) 3.7 (1.5–8.8) 5.5 (3.3–9.0)
Miami-Dade County, FL 0.4 (0.1–2.3) 0.6 (0.2–1.9) 0.5 (0.2–1.3) 2.6 (1.2–5.5) 1.4 (0.5–3.8) 2.0 (1.0–4.0)
New York City, NY 2.3 (1.2–4.5) 0.9 (0.4–2.1) 1.7 (1.0–2.8) 5.6 (3.4–9.0) 4.0 (2.1–7.4) 4.9 (3.2–7.3)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 2.8 (1.0–7.3) 1.9 (0.5–6.4) 2.5 (1.2–5.1) 2.7 (1.1–7.0) 0.0 1.3 (0.5–3.4)
Palm Beach County, FL 1.5 (0.5–4.6) 0.0 0.7 (0.2–2.3) 3.0 (1.2–7.2) 1.5 (0.6–3.9) 2.2 (1.1–4.3)
Philadelphia, PA 2.7 (0.9–7.4) 1.3 (0.6–2.6) 2.0 (0.9–4.2) 12.0 (8.1–17.6) 3.7 (1.6–8.0) 8.0 (5.4–11.6)
San Diego, CA 2.3 (1.0–5.0) 1.4 (0.3–6.0) 1.8 (0.8–3.9) 6.2 (3.9–9.6) 3.2 (1.2–8.1) 4.5 (2.9–7.1)
San Francisco, CA 22.1 (15.2–31.1) 11.0 (4.5–24.4) 16.9 (11.1–24.9) 14.4 (9.0–22.2) 2.7 (0.7–9.6) 8.9 (6.0–13.0)
Median 2.8 1.2 2.1 6.1 2.5 4.4
Range (0.4–22.1) (0.0–11.0) (0.5–16.9) (2.2–16.0) (0.0–9.1) (1.1–10.5)

*Such as Mirena or ParaGard.
Such as Implanon or Nexplanon.
§To prevent pregnancy, among students who were currently sexually active.
Such as Depo-Provera.
**Such as OrthoEvra.
††Such as NuvaRing.
§§95% confidence interval.
¶¶Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 77. Percentage of high school students who used birth control pills, an IUD* or implant, or a shot,§ patch, or birth control ring** before last sexual intercourse†† and who used both a condom during last sexual intercourse and birth control pills, an IUD* or implant, or a shot,§ patch, or birth control ring** before last sexual intercourse,†† by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Birth control pill use, IUD or implant, or shot, patch, or birth control ring use Condom use and birth control pill, IUD or implant, or shot, patch, or birth control ring use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White¶¶ 39.2 (34.3–44.3) 27.0 (23.3–30.9) 33.3 (29.9–36.9) 15.9 (12.5–20.1) 7.7 (5.5–10.7) 12.0 (9.7–14.7)
Black¶¶ 20.5 (14.8–27.7) 13.1 (9.2–18.5) 15.9 (12.4–20.3) 5.7 (3.4–9.4) 4.1 (2.2–7.6) 4.7 (3.1–7.0)
Hispanic 23.2 (18.0–29.4) 12.3 (8.7–17.3) 17.8 (13.9–22.5) 4.8 (3.3–7.1) 4.5 (2.7–7.2) 4.7 (3.4–6.5)
Grade
9 20.8 (15.0–28.1) 13.1 (9.1–18.4) 16.4 (12.7–20.9) 9.4 (5.1–16.4) 3.2 (1.4–7.2) 5.8 (3.7–9.2)
10 33.6 (28.1–39.5) 15.5 (11.4–20.8) 24.4 (20.9–28.4) 12.4 (8.9–17.1) 4.3 (2.7–7.0) 8.3 (6.0–11.3)
11 36.2 (31.4–41.2) 25.5 (20.5–31.2) 30.9 (27.1–35.0) 14.8 (10.9–19.8) 9.4 (5.7–15.3) 12.2 (9.5–15.6)
12 36.2 (30.2–42.7) 22.7 (18.2–27.8) 29.6 (25.5–33.9) 9.9 (7.0–13.9) 5.5 (3.8–7.9) 7.7 (6.1–9.8)
Total 33.7 (30.3–37.4) 20.2 (17.7–22.9) 26.8 (24.3–29.6) 11.8 (9.6–14.5) 5.9 (4.5–7.7) 8.8 (7.3–10.6)

*Such as Mirena or ParaGard.
Such as Implanon or Nexplanon.
§Such as Depo-Provera.
Such as OrthoEvra.
**Such as NuvaRing.
††To prevent pregnancy, among the 30.1% of students nationwide who were currently sexually active.
§§95% confidence interval.
¶¶Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 78. Percentage of high school students who used birth control pills, an IUD* or implant, or a shot,§ patch, or birth control ring** before last sexual intercourse†† and who used both a condom during last sexual intercourse and birth control pills, an IUD* or implant, or a shot,§ patch, or birth control ring** before last sexual intercourse,†† by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Birth control pill use, IUD or implant, or shot, patch, or birth control ring use Condom use and birth control pill, IUD or implant, or shot, patch, or birth control ring use
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 39.0 (30.6–48.2) 18.4 (11.8–27.6) 29.6 (23.1–37.0) 9.9 (5.3–17.7) 6.3 (3.5–11.2) 8.6 (5.5–13.3)
Alaska 40.2 (32.2–48.8) 29.5 (23.5–36.3) 35.1 (30.4–40.1) 17.6 (12.0–25.2) 14.2 (9.9–19.8) 16.2 (12.4–20.9)
Arizona 28.9 (19.9–40.0) 25.6 (16.7–37.0) 27.4 (19.3–37.4) 7.9 (3.8–15.8) 6.4 (3.0–13.1) 7.4 (4.4–12.3)
Arkansas 32.5 (24.6–41.6) 22.9 (15.8–32.0) 28.1 (25.2–31.2) 11.4 (7.9–16.2) 10.1 (4.6–20.5) 10.8 (7.9–14.7)
California 25.1 (18.4–33.3) 16.9 (10.8–25.6) 20.7 (17.9–23.8) 7.1 (3.9–12.6) 4.6 (2.0–10.1) 5.8 (3.4–9.7)
Connecticut 35.9 (27.8–44.8) 28.5 (20.3–38.5) 32.5 (26.6–39.0) 12.1 (8.2–17.6) 9.8 (6.3–14.9) 11.1 (7.9–15.3)
Delaware 35.1 (29.8–40.8) 19.5 (14.9–25.1) 27.4 (23.6–31.5) 9.3 (6.2–13.6) 6.4 (3.9–10.3) 8.0 (5.9–10.6)
Florida 21.6 (17.9–25.9) 13.5 (11.4–15.8) 17.5 (15.3–19.9) 9.2 (7.0–12.0) 5.9 (4.4–7.9) 7.5 (6.0–9.3)
Hawaii 31.4 (26.2–37.2) 19.8 (14.4–26.5) 26.8 (23.2–30.7) 7.3 (4.9–10.8) 6.5 (3.7–11.4) 7.0 (5.5–9.0)
Idaho ¶¶
Illinois 41.5 (31.7–52.1) 21.1 (14.8–29.1) 31.1 (24.1–39.2) 16.5 (9.9–26.3) 6.9 (3.8–12.2) 11.6 (7.5–17.5)
Indiana 37.1 (27.1–48.4) 21.8 (14.9–30.7) 29.7 (21.9–38.8) 13.9 (9.0–20.7) 4.6 (1.9–10.8) 9.4 (6.0–14.6)
Kentucky 44.4 (35.3–53.9) 23.0 (17.7–29.2) 33.6 (28.0–39.7) 14.1 (9.9–19.7) 9.1 (4.9–16.2) 11.6 (8.5–15.7)
Maine 50.0 (46.4–53.7) 36.5 (32.3–40.8) 43.8 (40.6–47.0) 18.3 (16.0–20.8) 14.7 (12.2–17.6) 16.7 (14.9–18.8)
Maryland 30.4 (29.1–31.9) 16.6 (15.5–17.9) 23.7 (22.7–24.8) 11.6 (10.6–12.6) 5.8 (5.1–6.5) 8.7 (8.1–9.4)
Massachusetts 42.3 (36.2–48.5) 28.8 (24.1–34.0) 35.6 (31.6–39.8) 14.8 (11.1–19.6) 11.2 (8.6–14.4) 13.0 (11.0–15.3)
Michigan 38.7 (30.1–48.0) 27.2 (17.3–40.0) 33.5 (26.8–40.9) 13.3 (8.3–20.4) 10.0 (4.6–20.6) 11.8 (8.2–16.9)
Mississippi 35.7 (27.5–44.7) 22.5 (17.5–28.5) 29.5 (24.9–34.5) 13.2 (9.2–18.6) 6.7 (3.7–12.1) 10.1 (7.4–13.7)
Missouri 40.7 (32.0–50.0) 25.4 (16.3–37.3) 33.0 (26.7–40.1) 14.7 (10.2–20.7) 10.9 (6.2–18.5) 12.7 (9.2–17.4)
Montana 44.3 (40.8–47.9) 30.3 (26.6–34.3) 37.9 (35.0–40.8) 17.6 (14.5–21.2) 12.4 (9.7–15.8) 15.2 (13.1–17.6)
Nebraska 33.8 (25.6–43.2) 20.0 (13.9–27.9) 27.6 (22.5–33.2) 11.3 (7.4–17.0) 5.6 (2.9–10.8) 8.6 (6.0–12.2)
Nevada 31.5 (19.4–46.7) 19.1 (11.6–29.7) 25.4 (17.1–36.0) 6.8 (3.4–13.2) 5.2 (2.3–11.2) 6.0 (3.5–10.1)
New Hampshire 50.2 (46.4–54.0) 32.6 (30.1–35.2) 41.6 (39.2–44.0) 21.2 (18.4–24.3) 13.5 (11.5–15.8) 17.2 (15.5–19.1)
New Mexico 33.5 (29.8–37.5) 22.8 (19.3–26.8) 28.4 (25.8–31.2) 10.0 (7.9–12.6) 7.8 (5.7–10.7) 9.0 (7.5–10.8)
New York 35.1 (28.8–42.0) 24.2 (19.1–30.1) 30.1 (26.2–34.2) 13.8 (9.6–19.3) 9.6 (6.1–14.7) 11.9 (9.0–15.6)
North Carolina 28.9 (23.3–35.3) 23.8 (19.6–28.5) 26.3 (23.2–29.6) 11.6 (7.6–17.2) 10.2 (6.5–15.5) 10.8 (8.6–13.6)
North Dakota
Oklahoma 27.4 (20.7–35.3) 21.4 (14.8–29.9) 24.5 (19.1–30.8) 6.9 (3.9–12.0) 6.7 (3.5–12.6) 6.8 (4.7–9.9)
Pennsylvania 30.7 (25.3–36.5) 19.9 (14.2–27.1) 25.3 (20.7–30.5) 8.4 (5.4–12.9) 7.8 (4.7–12.5) 8.1 (5.6–11.6)
Rhode Island 34.8 (30.3–39.5) 31.6 (19.9–46.2) 33.3 (26.4–40.9) 13.6 (8.9–20.3) 13.2 (9.6–17.8) 13.4 (10.7–16.6)
South Carolina 39.2 (33.1–45.6) 24.0 (15.7–34.7) 31.4 (25.7–37.7) 16.6 (11.4–23.6) 11.8 (7.5–18.0) 14.1 (10.3–19.1)
South Dakota 38.2 (29.3–47.9) 28.6 (18.0–42.3) 33.0 (25.7–41.3) 18.5 (14.3–23.6) 12.7 (4.5–31.0) 15.3 (9.4–24.0)
Tennessee
Vermont 55.4 (53.7–57.2) 38.2 (36.3–40.0) 47.3 (46.0–48.6) 22.5 (21.0–24.0) 14.5 (13.2–16.0) 18.8 (17.8–19.8)
Virginia
West Virginia 44.8 (36.3–53.6) 26.0 (19.7–33.4) 36.6 (30.6–43.1) 15.7 (12.5–19.6) 6.2 (3.5–10.6) 11.6 (9.1–14.6)
Wyoming 43.5 (37.3–49.9) 25.1 (20.0–31.0) 34.9 (30.1–40.1) 15.5 (11.5–20.6) 8.7 (5.6–13.2) 12.4 (9.3–16.2)
Median 35.9 23.8 30.1 13.3 8.7 11.1
Range (21.6–55.4) (13.5–38.2) (17.5–47.3) (6.8–22.5) (4.6–14.7) (5.8–18.8)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 30.6 (20.6–42.9) 21.5 (13.1–33.1) 25.3 (18.6–33.4) 15.2 (8.6–25.6) 6.0 (2.2–15.5) 10.2 (6.6–15.4)
Boston, MA 43.7 (37.0–50.6) 18.5 (13.0–25.7) 31.1 (26.1–36.6) 12.9 (8.5–19.1) 5.9 (3.1–10.9) 9.4 (6.6–13.3)
Broward County, FL 16.2 (10.9–23.5) 14.5 (9.7–21.2) 15.5 (11.7–20.2) 9.1 (5.0–15.9) 2.7 (0.9–7.7) 6.0 (3.4–10.2)
Cleveland, OH 37.1 (29.4–45.4) 17.8 (12.4–25.0) 26.9 (21.3–33.3) 12.2 (7.7–18.8) 5.3 (2.8–9.6) 8.6 (5.7–12.9)
DeKalb County, GA 23.3 (17.9–29.8) 13.6 (9.1–20.0) 18.3 (14.6–22.7) 9.9 (5.8–16.4) 7.1 (4.0–12.1) 8.4 (5.8–12.1)
Detroit, MI 16.5 (11.5–23.1) 8.0 (4.5–13.9) 12.6 (9.2–17.0) 7.2 (4.0–12.7) 5.6 (2.6–11.7) 6.6 (3.9–11.0)
District of Columbia 22.7 (20.2–25.5) 11.3 (9.4–13.5) 16.9 (15.2–18.6) 9.5 (7.8–11.6) 3.4 (2.4–4.9) 6.4 (5.4–7.6)
Duval County, FL 24.3 (19.2–30.2) 17.3 (13.0–22.6) 21.5 (17.9–25.6) 9.7 (6.6–14.1) 5.2 (3.1–8.5) 7.8 (5.6–10.9)
Ft. Worth, TX 18.0 (13.6–23.5) 11.7 (8.2–16.5) 14.8 (11.7–18.5) 5.7 (3.3–9.7) 5.7 (3.5–9.4) 5.7 (3.8–8.4)
Houston, TX 19.9 (15.0–25.9) 7.3 (4.5–11.6) 13.3 (10.9–16.3) 6.6 (4.2–10.2) 3.7 (1.6–8.2) 5.3 (3.6–7.7)
Los Angeles, CA 21.5 (13.7–32.1) 10.4 (7.3–14.5) 16.0 (11.1–22.5) 6.1 (2.8–12.9) 1.4 (0.5–3.7) 4.1 (2.4–7.0)
Miami-Dade County, FL 12.6 (9.1–17.3) 8.5 (5.7–12.5) 10.4 (7.9–13.7) 4.4 (2.5–7.6) 1.3 (0.6–2.9) 2.8 (1.7–4.4)
New York City, NY 21.3 (18.1–24.9) 16.4 (11.4–23.0) 19.0 (15.9–22.6) 6.3 (3.9–10.1) 6.5 (3.6–11.3) 6.4 (4.4–9.1)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 19.5 (13.1–28.0) 10.5 (6.4–16.8) 14.9 (11.1–19.8) 6.8 (3.5–12.5) 3.1 (1.4–6.8) 5.0 (3.1–8.1)
Palm Beach County, FL 20.0 (15.5–25.5) 16.8 (11.8–23.2) 18.4 (14.8–22.7) 8.4 (5.4–12.9) 6.4 (3.7–11.0) 7.4 (5.3–10.1)
Philadelphia, PA 28.2 (21.5–36.0) 13.7 (9.4–19.5) 21.1 (16.5–26.6) 10.7 (6.7–16.7) 4.2 (2.1–8.1) 7.5 (5.0–11.0)
San Diego, CA 27.3 (21.3–34.1) 20.6 (15.6–26.8) 23.7 (19.6–28.2) 8.6 (5.3–13.5) 2.9 (1.3–6.5) 5.5 (3.9–7.7)
San Francisco, CA 51.2 (38.1–64.1) 22.3 (15.1–31.5) 37.6 (29.9–46.1) 12.5 (7.6–19.8) 3.2 (1.5–6.6) 8.1 (5.5–11.8)
Median 22.1 14.1 18.3 8.8 4.7 6.5
Range (12.6–51.2) (7.3–22.3) (10.4–37.6) (4.4–15.2) (1.3–7.1) (2.8–10.2)

*Such as Mirena or ParaGard.
Such as Implanon or Nexplanon.
§Such as Depo-Provera.
Such as OrthoEvra.
**Such as NuvaRing.
††To prevent pregnancy, among students who were currently sexually active.
§§95% confidence interval.
¶¶Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 79. Percentage of high school students who did not use any method to prevent pregnancy during last sexual intercourse* and who drank alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Did not use any method to prevent pregnancy Drank alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White§ 10.2 (7.4–14.0) 10.3 (7.8–13.6) 10.4 (8.2–13.1) 14.7 (11.7–18.3) 24.4 (20.0–29.5) 19.3 (17.1–21.7)
Black§ 25.6 (18.3–34.5) 9.9 (4.2–21.7) 15.9 (11.0–22.6) 19.0 (11.2–30.2) 23.1 (12.5–38.7) 21.8 (13.7–32.9)
Hispanic 22.7 (16.3–30.8) 17.2 (14.0–20.9) 20.0 (16.4–24.2) 17.7 (13.6–22.6) 27.7 (23.6–32.3) 22.8 (19.7–26.3)
Grade
9 22.0 (16.5–28.6) 12.1 (8.3–17.3) 16.5 (12.8–20.9) 16.8 (11.5–23.8) 27.2 (21.6–33.8) 22.7 (19.0–26.9)
10 12.9 (9.1–18.1) 11.7 (8.6–15.8) 12.3 (9.7–15.4) 15.6 (11.5–20.9) 23.3 (16.9–31.3) 19.7 (16.0–23.9)
11 12.3 (9.1–16.4) 9.9 (7.0–13.7) 11.1 (8.8–13.9) 16.7 (13.2–21.0) 23.0 (17.6–29.3) 19.8 (17.0–23.0)
12 16.2 (12.5–20.7) 14.2 (9.2–21.3) 15.5 (11.9–19.9) 16.1 (12.4–20.6) 25.6 (21.0–30.8) 20.8 (17.9–24.0)
Total 15.2 (12.7–18.1) 12.2 (9.5–15.4) 13.8 (11.8–16.1) 16.4 (14.4–18.7) 24.6 (21.2–28.4) 20.6 (18.9–22.5)

*Among the 30.1% of students nationwide who were currently sexually active.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 80. Percentage of high school students who did not use any method to prevent pregnancy during last sexual intercourse* and who drank alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Did not use any method to prevent pregnancy Drank alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 18.5 (12.6–26.5) 17.0 (11.1–25.2) 17.7 (13.0–23.6) 17.0 (12.0–23.5) 22.4 (13.7–34.3) 19.7 (13.9–27.0)
Alaska 11.5 (6.9–18.7) 9.4 (5.4–15.7) 10.4 (6.9–15.4) 15.1 (9.7–22.7) 15.6 (10.8–22.0) 15.2 (11.2–20.4)
Arizona 15.3 (9.4–23.9) 14.0 (9.6–19.9) 14.6 (10.3–20.4) 25.3 (16.2–37.2) 21.4 (16.2–27.7) 23.5 (17.9–30.2)
Arkansas 22.8 (18.2–28.3) 16.6 (10.0–26.2) 20.0 (16.2–24.4) 11.9 (9.1–15.5) 26.9 (20.1–34.8) 18.9 (15.0–23.6)
California 12.4 (8.9–16.9) 12.2 (6.6–21.2) 12.4 (8.7–17.4) 19.5 (12.5–29.2) 23.3 (13.6–36.9) 21.4 (14.5–30.2)
Connecticut 12.3 (7.8–18.7) 10.5 (5.6–18.8) 11.6 (7.8–17.1) 19.1 (14.4–24.9) 26.6 (21.8–32.0) 22.4 (18.9–26.4)
Delaware 14.1 (8.0–23.6) 11.6 (8.0–16.7) 13.3 (9.6–18.0) 19.2 (14.8–24.4) 26.4 (20.6–33.3) 22.8 (19.3–26.8)
Florida 16.5 (14.0–19.3) 11.4 (9.4–13.9) 13.9 (12.1–15.9) 18.0 (15.4–20.9) 28.3 (24.5–32.5) 23.7 (21.3–26.3)
Hawaii 11.4 (7.8–16.4) 15.8 (9.8–24.5) 13.2 (8.9–19.2) 18.6 (15.1–22.7) 21.8 (17.2–27.2) 19.9 (17.4–22.7)
Idaho § 16.4 (11.7–22.5) 14.9 (10.5–20.8) 15.8 (12.4–20.1)
Illinois 11.8 (8.0–16.9) 17.2 (14.6–20.1) 14.5 (11.9–17.4) 15.9 (9.7–25.0) 23.8 (20.3–27.7) 19.9 (16.8–23.5)
Indiana 16.3 (10.7–24.0) 14.8 (6.7–29.6) 15.5 (10.2–22.9) 14.6 (9.6–21.5) 20.4 (13.7–29.2) 17.5 (12.3–24.2)
Kentucky 17.5 (13.9–22.0) 11.6 (7.9–16.9) 14.5 (12.0–17.5) 16.4 (10.5–24.6) 17.3 (11.3–25.6) 17.1 (13.4–21.7)
Maine 8.6 (6.9–10.7) 9.7 (7.6–12.4) 9.3 (8.0–10.8) 14.0 (12.2–16.0) 21.9 (18.9–25.2) 17.7 (16.1–19.5)
Maryland 15.3 (14.0–16.7) 13.8 (12.6–15.2) 14.6 (13.7–15.7) 21.2 (19.9–22.6) 26.1 (24.7–27.4) 23.7 (22.8–24.7)
Massachusetts 9.2 (6.7–12.6) 8.0 (5.2–12.0) 8.6 (6.5–11.4) 19.4 (14.1–26.1) 23.7 (18.7–29.6) 21.8 (18.1–26.0)
Michigan 11.5 (8.1–16.1) 11.3 (5.6–21.3) 11.4 (8.3–15.4) 20.1 (12.9–30.0) 24.8 (17.6–33.6) 22.2 (17.4–27.8)
Mississippi 14.0 (8.5–22.2) 15.7 (11.7–20.7) 14.8 (10.6–20.3) 13.3 (9.4–18.5) 21.7 (16.1–28.6) 17.4 (13.7–21.7)
Missouri 10.5 (5.6–19.0) 13.0 (8.5–19.4) 12.1 (9.0–16.0) 18.0 (12.9–24.5) 22.4 (15.3–31.6) 20.4 (16.2–25.4)
Montana 9.1 (7.0–11.7) 8.4 (6.0–11.8) 8.8 (7.0–11.0) 17.3 (14.7–20.2) 22.5 (18.8–26.6) 19.7 (17.4–22.3)
Nebraska 19.0 (11.9–29.0) 16.3 (10.6–24.2) 17.8 (13.3–23.5) 17.6 (11.6–25.8) 17.7 (11.1–27.2) 17.9 (12.4–25.3)
Nevada 13.8 (9.7–19.1) 11.0 (6.8–17.5) 12.4 (10.0–15.4) 17.6 (13.2–23.2) 20.8 (15.3–27.7) 19.2 (15.1–24.0)
New Hampshire 7.4 (6.0–9.0) 8.0 (6.4–9.9) 7.8 (6.7–9.1) 16.1 (14.1–18.3) 21.1 (19.0–23.3) 18.9 (17.4–20.5)
New Mexico 17.5 (14.2–21.2) 11.7 (8.9–15.1) 14.8 (12.4–17.5) 14.9 (12.6–17.6) 22.4 (19.1–26.2) 18.6 (16.5–20.9)
New York 13.6 (10.9–16.9) 16.9 (12.9–21.8) 15.1 (13.0–17.5) 21.1 (16.4–26.6) 29.0 (20.9–38.7) 24.6 (19.4–30.6)
North Carolina 15.4 (10.4–22.4) 10.8 (7.5–15.3) 13.1 (10.1–16.8) 17.1 (10.1–27.4) 16.3 (11.9–22.0) 17.0 (11.7–24.1)
North Dakota 15.1 (11.2–20.1) 22.1 (16.5–28.9) 18.7 (15.1–22.8)
Oklahoma 15.4 (9.8–23.3) 9.9 (5.3–17.9) 12.8 (9.0–17.7) 11.1 (6.6–18.0) 17.5 (11.9–24.9) 14.3 (10.5–19.3)
Pennsylvania 12.2 (8.7–16.8) 9.9 (6.6–14.7) 11.1 (8.3–14.6) 13.6 (9.9–18.4) 24.0 (17.3–32.2) 18.8 (14.3–24.3)
Rhode Island 13.4 (9.3–19.1) 8.6 (5.0–14.4) 11.6 (8.4–15.8)
South Carolina 14.2 (10.5–18.9) 9.3 (5.5–15.1) 11.7 (8.8–15.3) 15.7 (10.0–23.8) 21.8 (14.0–32.4) 18.6 (14.5–23.6)
South Dakota 12.6 (7.4–20.5) 11.9 (5.7–23.1) 12.2 (6.8–20.9) 8.4 (4.4–15.6) 18.1 (10.3–29.9) 13.5 (9.2–19.3)
Tennessee
Vermont 7.3 (6.4–8.3) 7.0 (6.1–8.1) 7.2 (6.6–7.9) 15.2 (14.0–16.5) 22.3 (20.8–23.9) 18.7 (17.7–19.7)
Virginia
West Virginia 11.3 (8.5–15.0) 12.8 (7.7–20.6) 12.0 (9.2–15.6) 14.4 (10.4–19.5) 23.8 (18.2–30.3) 18.5 (14.8–22.9)
Wyoming 12.9 (8.2–19.6) 14.1 (10.0–19.5) 13.4 (9.7–18.3) 18.8 (14.0–24.7) 22.3 (17.6–27.7) 20.3 (16.7–24.6)
Median 13.4 11.6 12.8 16.7 22.3 18.9
Range (7.3–22.8) (7.0–17.2) (7.2–20.0) (8.4–25.3) (14.9–29.0) (13.5–24.6)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 20.6 (13.0–31.1) 12.6 (7.0–21.6) 16.6 (11.3–23.6) 18.7 (12.5–26.9) 23.1 (16.4–31.5) 21.0 (16.3–26.6)
Boston, MA 11.3 (7.3–17.0) 9.8 (6.4–14.6) 10.5 (7.7–14.3) 15.7 (10.2–23.2) 20.9 (14.6–29.0) 18.3 (14.7–22.6)
Broward County, FL 15.8 (9.8–24.5) 10.2 (6.2–16.3) 12.9 (9.0–18.2) 18.4 (12.7–25.8) 19.7 (13.6–27.8) 19.2 (15.1–23.9)
Cleveland, OH 22.1 (16.0–29.7) 17.8 (12.2–25.3) 19.7 (15.5–24.6) 14.4 (10.4–19.8) 23.6 (17.8–30.5) 19.5 (15.6–24.0)
DeKalb County, GA 25.3 (19.3–32.3) 10.4 (6.0–17.4) 17.8 (14.0–22.5) 16.9 (11.7–23.7) 25.6 (18.8–33.8) 21.3 (17.0–26.4)
Detroit, MI 19.0 (13.7–25.9) 17.5 (12.0–24.8) 18.1 (14.2–22.9) 15.8 (11.5–21.4) 18.0 (12.1–26.1) 17.1 (13.0–22.1)
District of Columbia 24.7 (22.0–27.6) 14.7 (12.5–17.2) 19.6 (17.8–21.4) 15.6 (13.5–18.0) 20.3 (17.9–23.0) 18.1 (16.4–19.8)
Duval County, FL 19.0 (14.9–23.9) 15.7 (11.3–21.5) 17.2 (13.7–21.4) 17.0 (13.0–21.9) 23.9 (18.9–29.8) 20.2 (17.0–23.9)
Ft. Worth, TX 31.1 (24.8–38.1) 13.8 (9.6–19.5) 22.0 (18.0–26.6) 14.1 (10.1–19.3) 22.2 (17.3–27.9) 18.2 (15.2–21.7)
Houston, TX 26.3 (20.6–33.0) 17.2 (13.7–21.5) 21.5 (18.0–25.5) 18.1 (14.1–22.9) 23.9 (19.1–29.4) 21.4 (18.1–25.1)
Los Angeles, CA 15.2 (9.8–23.0) 16.2 (11.3–22.7) 15.7 (11.7–20.6) 17.4 (12.2–24.2) 17.0 (13.3–21.5) 17.2 (14.1–20.8)
Miami-Dade County, FL 14.6 (11.0–19.3) 14.0 (9.9–19.4) 14.4 (11.3–18.1) 13.0 (9.0–18.4) 27.7 (22.9–33.0) 20.8 (17.6–24.5)
New York City, NY 22.5 (18.5–27.1) 12.2 (9.7–15.3) 17.7 (15.5–20.0) 15.3 (10.5–22.0) 22.3 (16.8–29.0) 18.7 (13.8–24.8)
Oakland, CA 20.1 (13.0–29.9) 22.1 (15.7–30.2) 21.1 (15.7–27.8)
Orange County, FL 21.1 (15.0–28.9) 12.7 (8.4–18.7) 16.5 (12.7–21.2) 17.5 (11.8–25.2) 31.2 (22.9–40.8) 24.7 (19.1–31.4)
Palm Beach County, FL 21.4 (16.8–26.9) 12.7 (9.1–17.4) 17.3 (14.0–21.3) 19.1 (15.1–23.8) 28.6 (23.1–34.9) 24.0 (20.5–27.9)
Philadelphia, PA 19.7 (14.2–26.7) 14.5 (11.6–17.9) 17.1 (13.9–21.0) 12.3 (8.4–17.6) 14.1 (10.8–18.3) 13.2 (10.4–16.6)
San Diego, CA 11.5 (7.2–17.8) 13.1 (8.4–20.0) 12.4 (9.2–16.4) 15.9 (12.1–20.7) 23.1 (18.3–28.7) 19.8 (16.6–23.5)
San Francisco, CA 10.2 (6.0–16.8) 11.5 (6.1–20.6) 10.8 (6.8–16.8) 21.0 (14.9–28.8) 28.9 (21.2–38.1) 24.8 (19.7–30.6)
Median 20.1 13.4 17.1 16.9 23.1 19.8
Range (10.2–31.1) (9.8–17.8) (10.5–22.0) (12.3–21.0) (14.1–31.2) (13.2–24.8)

*Among students who were currently sexually active.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 81. Percentage of high school students who were ever tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity            
White§ 9.1 (7.4–11.2) 7.0 (5.8–

8.4)

8.0 (7.1–9.1)
Black§ 16 .2 (11.6–22.0) 17.1 (9.8–28.0) 16.6 (11.2–23.9)
Hispanic 12.3 (10.1–14.8) 10.1 (7.9–12.7) 11.1 (9.4–13.1)
Grade
9 7.7 (5.7–10.2) 7.9 (5.8–10.7) 7.8 (6.3–9.5)
10 9.8 (7.2–13.3) 9.8 (7.3–13.0) 9.8 (7.6–12.5)
11 10.3 (8.7–12.2) 8.8 (5.8–13.2) 9.6 (7.7–12.0)
12 16.8 (14.0–20.1) 10.9 (8.4–14.0) 13.8 (11.6–16.4)
Total 11.1 (9.5–12.8) 9.3 (7.4–11.5) 10.2 (8.7–11.8)

*Does not count tests conducted when donating blood.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 82. Percentage of high school students who were ever tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 18.5 (15.0–22.6) 12.8 (10.1–16.2) 15.8 (13.0–19.0)
Alaska §
Arizona
Arkansas 17.7 (14.2–21.9) 17.8 (13.5–23.1) 17.9 (14.6–21.7)
California 9.3 (7.8–11.0) 8.1 (5.9–11.0) 8.7 (7.2–10.4)
Connecticut 11.3 (8.8–14.4) 9.1 (7.2–11.6) 10.3 (8.5–12.4)
Delaware 13.6 (11.1–16.7) 12.2 (9.7–15.2) 13.3 (11.1–16.0)
Florida 12.5 (11.1–14.2) 12.5 (10.5–14.7) 12.6 (11.1–14.2)
Hawaii
Idaho 8.8 (6.9–11.2) 7.8 (5.6–10.8) 8.3 (6.8–10.1)
Illinois 13.6 (11.5–16.1) 16.6 (14.0–19.7) 15.1 (13.6–16.8)
Indiana 8.9 (6.7–11.6) 8.8 (6.4–12.0) 8.9 (7.0–11.2)
Kentucky 12.9 (10.2–16.3) 10.1 (7.6–13.3) 11.6 (9.6–14.0)
Maine
Maryland 12.9 (12.2–13.6) 14.2 (13.4–14.9) 13.6 (13.0–14.2)
Massachusetts 9.6 (7.1–12.9) 9.9 (8.1–12.0) 9.9 (8.0–12.2)
Michigan 12.0 (9.0–15.8) 13.0 (9.6–17.3) 12.5 (9.5–16.2)
Mississippi 18.4 (14.4–23.1) 16.2 (12.7–20.3) 17.4 (14.3–20.9)
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska 9.8 (7.8–12.2) 8.8 (6.4–12.0) 9.3 (7.8–11.0)
Nevada 11.3 (8.3–15.1) 12.2 (9.8–15.1) 12.1 (10.7–13.5)
New Hampshire
New Mexico 10.4 (9.2–11.7) 10.4 (9.5–11.4) 10.4 (9.6–11.2)
New York 15.8 (12.7–19.4) 19.9 (17.0–23.3) 18.0 (15.3–21.0)
North Carolina 11.0 (8.9–13.5) 10.3 (7.5–14.1) 10.6 (8.5–13.3)
North Dakota
Oklahoma 9.8 (7.8–12.4) 9.4 (6.6–13.2) 9.5 (7.5–12.1)
Pennsylvania 11.3 (8.4–15.1) 10.9 (7.8–15.1) 11.1 (8.2–14.8)
Rhode Island 12.2 (9.5–15.5) 14.8 (11.5–18.8) 13.6 (10.9–16.9)
South Carolina 10.8 (6.9–16.7) 9.9 (6.2–15.5) 10.4 (7.5–14.3)
South Dakota 7.3 (4.3–12.2) 7.3 (4.6–11.4) 7.4 (4.8–11.2)
Tennessee
Vermont 11.3 (10.7–11.9) 9.3 (8.7–9.9) 10.3 (9.9–10.7)
Virginia
West Virginia 13.4 (10.2–17.4) 12.9 (10.3–16.2) 13.1 (10.9–15.7)
Wyoming 12.6 (10.1–15.6) 10.2 (8.0–13.0) 11.4 (9.5–13.7)
Median 11.3 10.4 11.4
Range (7.3–18.5) (7.3–19.9) (7.4–18.0)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 27.8 (22.9–33.3) 30.8 (25.3–37.0) 29.0 (25.2–33.1)
Boston, MA 20.5 (16.9–24.8) 20.4 (17.2–24.0) 20.4 (17.7–23.4)
Broward County, FL 17.1 (14.5–20.1) 20.5 (17.1–24.3) 18.9 (16.8–21.1)
Cleveland, OH 23.5 (19.6–27.9) 26.0 (21.7–30.9) 25.0 (21.6–28.8)
DeKalb County, GA 16.9 (14.3–20.0) 19.4 (16.7–22.5) 18.3 (16.3–20.4)
Detroit, MI 23.6 (20.1–27.5) 24.9 (20.2–30.2) 24.1 (21.3–27.2)
District of Columbia 37.0 (35.6–38.4) 37.7 (36.1–39.3) 37.4 (36.3–38.4)
Duval County, FL 16.7 (14.5–19.2) 21.4 (18.8–24.3) 18.9 (17.1–20.9)
Ft. Worth, TX 7.8 (6.2–9.7) 7.6 (6.1–9.3) 7.7 (6.4–9.2)
Houston, TX 19.4 (17.0–22.0) 19.8 (17.5–22.2) 19.6 (17.7–21.5)
Los Angeles, CA 12.1 (9.5–15.4) 13.7 (12.0–15.6) 12.8 (11.0–14.9)
Miami-Dade County, FL 13.8 (11.8–16.2) 11.9 (9.8–14.5) 13.0 (11.4–14.7)
New York City, NY 20.7 (17.0–24.8) 22.4 (18.4–27.1) 21.6 (18.3–25.3)
Oakland, CA 27.9 (24.0–32.2) 23.3 (19.9–27.0) 25.5 (22.6–28.6)
Orange County, FL 6.9 (5.4–8.8) 7.2 (5.5–9.5) 7.0 (5.8–8.5)
Palm Beach County, FL 14.9 (12.3–17.8) 16.4 (13.8–19.4) 15.7 (13.7–17.9)
Philadelphia, PA 35.3 (28.6–42.7) 35.0 (31.3–39.0) 35.1 (30.3–40.2)
San Diego, CA 12.0 (9.6–14.9) 11.9 (10.3–13.7) 11.9 (10.4–13.7)
San Francisco, CA 14.2 (11.5–17.5) 14.1 (10.9–18.0) 14.5 (12.1–17.3)
Median 17.1 20.4 18.9
Range (6.9–37.0) (7.2–37.7) (7.0–37.4)

*Does not count tests conducted when donating blood.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 83. Percentage of high school students who did not eat fruit or drink 100% fruit juices* and who ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juices one or more times/day,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Did not eat fruit or drink 100% fruit juices Ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juices one or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 4.3 (3.3–5.7) 5.4 (4.2–6.9) 4.9 (4.0–5.9) 64.1 (59.8–68.1) 62.1 (58.9–65.2) 63.0 (60.0–65.9)
Black§ 5.2 (3.6–7.4) 8.6 (5.7–12.7) 6.9 (4.9–9.8) 56.5 (51.8–61.2) 67.0 (60.9–72.6) 62.2 (57.8–66.4)
Hispanic 4.0 (3.0–5.3) 5.7 (4.3–7.6) 4.9 (3.8–6.1) 60.7 (58.0–63.2) 67.3 (65.1–69.4) 64.1 (62.5–65.7)
Grade
9 5.0 (3.9–6.4) 6.7 (4.9–9.1) 6.0 (4.7–7.6) 61.9 (59.3–64.4) 65.0 (60.7–69.0) 63.5 (60.7–66.3)
10 3.4 (2.3–5.1) 6.7 (4.8–9.2) 5.0 (4.0–6.3) 62.7 (59.1–66.1) 63.2 (58.6–67.4) 62.9 (59.6–66.0)
11 3.7 (2.9–4.8) 4.7 (3.3–6.5) 4.4 (3.5–5.6) 62.3 (58.8–65.6) 66.7 (63.1–70.2) 64.3 (61.8–66.8)
12 4.8 (3.5–6.5) 5.5 (4.1–7.5) 5.1 (4.1–6.5) 62.3 (57.9–66.4) 63.8 (60.0–67.5) 63.1 (59.8–66.2)
Total 4.3 (3.5–5.2) 5.9 (4.8–7.3) 5.2 (4.4–6.0) 62.1 (59.7–64.6) 64.6 (62.2–66.9) 63.3 (61.3–65.3)

*During the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 84. Percentage of high school students who did not eat fruit or drink 100% fruit juices* and who ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juices one or more times/day,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Did not eat fruit or drink 100% fruit juices Ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juices one or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 9.9 (7.8–12.4) 10.6 (8.2–13.5) 10.2 (8.5–12.1) 46.9 (41.7–52.1) 51.4 (47.0–55.8) 49.2 (45.8–52.7)
Alaska 5.0 (3.5–7.2) 5.7 (4.2–7.8) 5.3 (4.1–7.0) 55.2 (51.1–59.3) 57.6 (52.8–62.3) 56.4 (53.4–59.3)
Arizona 6.1 (4.7–7.9) 7.2 (5.1–10.0) 6.7 (5.2–8.6) 59.4 (54.4–64.2) 61.4 (57.7–64.9) 60.5 (56.8–64.0)
Arkansas 9.4 (6.8–12.9) 13.3 (11.1–15.9) 11.4 (9.5–13.5) 49.6 (46.0–53.2) 54.6 (48.9–60.3) 52.1 (48.3–56.0)
California 2.8 (1.9–4.1) 4.5 (3.0–6.6) 3.7 (2.8–4.9) 66.1 (61.9–70.1) 69.1 (63.9–73.8) 67.7 (64.6–70.6)
Connecticut 3.8 (2.9–5.0) 8.8 (7.0–11.0) 6.3 (5.2–7.5) 64.3 (60.4–68.0) 59.5 (55.7–63.3) 61.8 (58.6–65.0)
Delaware 4.6 (3.4–6.1) 7.2 (5.6–9.3) 6.3 (5.0–7.8) 60.7 (57.4–64.0) 63.5 (60.0–66.9) 62.0 (59.3–64.7)
Florida 7.3 (6.3–8.4) 7.8 (6.6–9.3) 7.6 (6.6–8.7) 57.7 (55.5–59.9) 63.3 (61.1–65.5) 60.6 (58.7–62.4)
Hawaii 6.9 (5.7–8.5) 8.7 (7.3–10.4) 7.8 (7.0–8.8) 46.5 (43.5–49.6) 52.0 (48.7–55.2) 49.4 (46.7–52.1)
Idaho 3.1 (2.0–4.8) 3.2 (2.4–4.3) 3.2 (2.6–3.9) 58.5 (55.3–61.7) 62.7 (58.3–66.8) 60.6 (58.1–63.1)
Illinois 5.0 (3.6–7.1) 10.3 (8.8–12.1) 7.7 (6.4–9.3) 58.8 (53.4–64.1) 60.3 (56.8–63.7) 59.6 (55.8–63.2)
Indiana 5.4 (3.5–8.3) 7.5 (4.2–13.1) 6.5 (4.2–10.1) 58.2 (54.4–61.9) 62.9 (58.3–67.3) 60.5 (57.3–63.7)
Kentucky 5.8 (4.5–7.6) 9.3 (7.0–12.3) 7.7 (6.4–9.4) 52.7 (48.3–57.0) 52.7 (48.6–56.8) 52.7 (49.4–56.0)
Maine 4.5 (4.0–5.1) 6.5 (5.7–7.4) 5.5 (5.0–6.2) 61.5 (58.4–64.5) 60.3 (58.1–62.4) 60.9 (58.6–63.1)
Maryland 6.7 (6.3–7.2) 9.1 (8.7–9.6) 8.0 (7.6–8.3) 54.5 (53.6–55.3) 58.7 (57.9–59.5) 56.6 (55.9–57.3)
Massachusetts 5.1 (3.9–6.6) 5.9 (4.7–7.3) 5.5 (4.7–6.5) 60.2 (56.5–63.8) 65.0 (61.8–68.2) 62.6 (59.9–65.3)
Michigan 5.4 (3.5–8.3) 7.7 (6.1–9.5) 6.5 (5.2–8.2) 55.8 (50.0–61.5) 59.8 (56.0–63.5) 57.9 (53.7–62.0)
Mississippi 10.4 (8.3–12.9) 13.0 (10.1–16.5) 11.7 (9.8–13.9) 47.2 (43.2–51.3) 51.1 (46.8–55.3) 49.0 (46.3–51.8)
Missouri 5.7 (4.1–8.0) 7.4 (5.1–10.8) 6.6 (5.5–7.8) 52.1 (47.7–56.4) 55.1 (51.7–58.5) 53.6 (50.7–56.5)
Montana 3.6 (2.7–4.8) 6.5 (5.4–7.8) 5.1 (4.4–5.9) 58.1 (55.4–60.8) 61.7 (59.4–64.0) 60.0 (57.9–62.1)
Nebraska 3.8 (2.4–6.0) 7.4 (5.6–9.8) 5.6 (4.4–7.2) 58.7 (55.2–62.0) 58.6 (54.1–63.0) 58.7 (55.7–61.6)
Nevada 3.7 (2.3–5.9) 6.3 (4.3–9.3) 5.2 (3.9–7.0) 57.2 (52.5–61.8) 63.0 (58.0–67.7) 60.0 (56.9–63.0)
New Hampshire §
New Mexico 6.4 (5.3–7.6) 8.5 (7.5–9.6) 7.5 (6.6–8.4) 52.3 (49.4–55.1) 57.0 (54.9–59.2) 54.6 (52.8–56.4)
New York 5.5 (4.4–6.8) 12.7 (10.2–15.9) 9.1 (7.5–10.9) 58.5 (56.1–60.8) 54.2 (50.8–57.6) 56.2 (54.3–58.1)
North Carolina 7.1 (5.2–9.5) 10.4 (7.7–13.9) 9.0 (7.0–11.6) 58.3 (54.7–61.8) 58.1 (53.7–62.3) 58.0 (55.0–61.0)
North Dakota 3.1 (2.0–4.8) 4.6 (3.5–6.1) 3.9 (3.1–5.0) 64.4 (61.7–67.1) 60.7 (57.1–64.1) 62.5 (60.2–64.8)
Oklahoma 7.4 (5.9–9.4) 7.1 (5.4–9.2) 7.4 (6.1–9.0) 51.8 (47.2–56.4) 58.5 (53.5–63.3) 55.0 (52.5–57.5)
Pennsylvania 6.6 (4.8–8.9) 7.5 (6.4–8.9) 7.1 (6.0–8.4) 55.6 (51.3–59.8) 62.4 (59.8–65.0) 59.0 (56.2–61.8)
Rhode Island 4.8 (3.7–6.4) 7.8 (5.9–10.3) 6.4 (5.3–7.6) 59.7 (53.1–66.0) 61.1 (55.5–66.4) 60.5 (55.1–65.6)
South Carolina 9.0 (6.8–11.9) 9.4 (7.8–11.3) 9.2 (7.7–10.9) 42.8 (39.6–46.1) 55.6 (50.5–60.5) 49.2 (46.1–52.3)
South Dakota 5.3 (3.5–8.0) 10.8 (7.5–15.4) 8.1 (5.9–11.1) 54.5 (49.4–59.6) 55.8 (50.2–61.3) 55.2 (51.9–58.6)
Tennessee 9.3 (8.0–10.7) 10.1 (8.8–11.6) 9.8 (8.8–10.8) 48.4 (45.8–51.0) 56.3 (52.9–59.6) 52.4 (50.2–54.5)
Vermont 3.4 (3.1–3.8) 5.1 (4.7–5.5) 4.3 (4.0–4.6) 66.7 (65.8–67.7) 67.8 (66.9–68.7) 67.3 (66.7–68.0)
Virginia 6.4 (5.2–7.9) 7.5 (6.3–9.0) 7.0 (6.2–7.8) 55.7 (52.8–58.5) 61.5 (58.5–64.4) 58.8 (56.2–61.3)
West Virginia 5.7 (4.1–8.0) 10.4 (7.6–14.2) 8.1 (6.4–10.3) 56.2 (49.9–62.3) 53.9 (49.9–57.8) 55.1 (51.5–58.6)
Wyoming 4.6 (3.2–6.5) 9.3 (7.6–11.3) 7.0 (5.8–8.4) 58.8 (55.7–61.7) 61.6 (58.1–65.1) 60.2 (57.9–62.5)
Median 5.4 7.7 7.0 57.4 59.6 58.7
Range (2.8–10.4) (3.2–13.3) (3.2–11.7) (42.8–66.7) (51.1–69.1) (49.0–67.7)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 11.4 (7.9–16.2) 11.5 (8.3–15.8) 11.4 (8.8–14.7) 50.6 (45.5–55.7) 61.6 (55.9–67.1) 55.9 (51.3–60.4)
Boston, MA 4.3 (3.1–5.9) 8.4 (6.7–10.5) 6.5 (5.4–7.8) 53.2 (49.5–57.0) 59.0 (55.4–62.5) 56.0 (53.7–58.3)
Broward County, FL 5.8 (4.2–7.9) 10.4 (7.7–14.1) 8.2 (6.3–10.6) 58.4 (54.0–62.7) 61.5 (57.0–65.8) 59.9 (56.4–63.3)
Cleveland, OH 6.6 (4.8–8.9) 7.0 (5.1–9.6) 6.8 (5.4–8.6) 56.1 (52.2–60.0) 57.2 (53.1–61.2) 56.7 (53.6–59.7)
DeKalb County, GA 4.9 (3.5–6.7) 6.0 (4.5–7.9) 5.4 (4.3–6.8) 59.6 (55.6–63.6) 61.7 (58.6–64.7) 60.6 (57.8–63.2)
Detroit, MI 7.6 (5.7–10.1) 12.4 (9.5–16.0) 9.7 (7.8–12.1) 55.0 (50.9–59.1) 57.4 (53.1–61.6) 56.1 (52.8–59.3)
District of Columbia 7.7 (7.0–8.6) 8.8 (7.9–9.8) 8.3 (7.7–8.9) 50.2 (48.8–51.7) 57.3 (55.6–58.9) 53.6 (52.6–54.7)
Duval County, FL 8.4 (7.1–9.9) 13.5 (11.5–15.7) 10.8 (9.5–12.2) 51.7 (49.0–54.3) 52.9 (49.8–55.9) 52.4 (50.3–54.6)
Ft. Worth, TX 3.7 (2.6–5.2) 6.3 (5.0–7.9) 5.0 (4.1–6.1) 61.7 (58.7–64.6) 67.0 (64.3–69.6) 64.4 (62.3–66.4)
Houston, TX 5.5 (4.3–7.0) 8.1 (6.6–9.9) 6.8 (5.8–7.9) 54.9 (51.9–57.9) 59.3 (56.5–62.1) 57.3 (55.3–59.3)
Los Angeles, CA 3.6 (2.2–5.7) 5.5 (4.1–7.4) 4.6 (3.4–6.1) 63.1 (58.4–67.6) 65.4 (62.2–68.5) 64.1 (61.4–66.8)
Miami-Dade County, FL 7.7 (6.0–9.9) 7.6 (6.0–9.4) 7.8 (6.5–9.4) 56.5 (53.0–60.0) 62.7 (59.6–65.7) 59.6 (57.1–62.0)
New York City, NY 7.0 (5.9–8.3) 9.1 (7.6–10.9) 8.1 (7.1–9.2) 49.2 (46.6–51.7) 56.0 (53.4–58.6) 52.6 (50.6–54.6)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 4.5 (3.2–6.1) 7.3 (5.5–9.6) 5.9 (4.8–7.3) 61.1 (57.8–64.4) 65.1 (61.4–68.7) 63.2 (60.4–65.9)
Palm Beach County, FL 6.7 (5.2–8.5) 8.2 (6.7–10.1) 7.5 (6.4–8.8) 57.0 (53.8–60.0) 58.4 (54.8–61.8) 57.9 (55.8–60.0)
Philadelphia, PA 8.3 (6.3–10.9) 8.7 (6.8–11.0) 8.5 (7.1–10.2) 54.2 (49.4–59.0) 59.5 (55.3–63.6) 56.9 (54.0–59.7)
San Diego, CA 3.5 (2.5–4.9) 4.1 (3.0–5.6) 3.8 (3.0–4.8) 62.9 (58.7–66.8) 68.0 (64.6–71.2) 65.6 (62.5–68.5)
San Francisco, CA 2.9 (1.9–4.4) 6.2 (4.2–9.0) 4.7 (3.4–6.4) 64.4 (60.7–67.9) 69.4 (65.6–72.9) 66.7 (64.2–69.1)
Median 6.2 8.1 7.1 56.3 60.5 57.6
Range (2.9–11.4) (4.1–13.5) (3.8–11.4) (49.2–64.4) (52.9–69.4) (52.4–66.7)

*During the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 85. Percentage of high school students who ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juices two or more times/day* and who ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juices three or more times/day,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juices two or more times/day Ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juices three or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 29.8 (27.1–32.6) 29.9 (27.0–32.9) 29.8 (27.3–32.3) 16.0 (14.5–17.6) 18.0 (15.9–20.3) 17.0 (15.5–18.6)
Black§ 27.8 (24.2–31.7) 38.2 (33.0–43.7) 33.3 (30.3–36.4) 20.5 (16.9–24.7) 29.1 (25.0–33.6) 25.1 (22.9–27.5)
Hispanic 29.9 (27.2–32.8) 36.7 (34.3–39.2) 33.4 (31.5–35.3) 20.5 (18.5–22.5) 26.6 (23.8–29.5) 23.6 (21.8–25.4)
Grade
9 30.0 (27.0–33.3) 35.0 (31.4–38.7) 32.6 (30.0–35.3) 16.9 (14.7–19.5) 24.3 (21.2–27.8) 20.8 (18.7–23.1)
10 28.7 (26.0–31.6) 33.9 (29.3–38.7) 31.2 (28.8–33.7) 17.4 (14.3–21.1) 21.6 (18.5–25.1) 19.5 (17.5–21.6)
11 30.3 (27.8–32.8) 32.1 (28.8–35.7) 31.1 (29.2–33.2) 19.6 (17.6–21.7) 20.9 (18.5–23.5) 20.2 (18.6–21.9)
12 31.2 (27.8–34.7) 31.0 (27.5–34.8) 31.0 (29.0–33.1) 18.2 (15.9–20.8) 20.5 (18.0–23.3) 19.4 (17.6–21.2)
Total 30.0 (28.5–31.5) 33.1 (31.0–35.3) 31.5 (30.1–33.0) 18.0 (16.7–19.3) 22.1 (20.6–23.6) 20.0 (18.9–21.1)

*During the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 86. Percentage of high school students who ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juices two or more times/day* and who ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juices three or more times/day,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juices two or more times/day Ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juices three or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 22.9 (18.3–28.2) 23.6 (20.0–27.6) 23.4 (21.0–25.9) 13.9 (10.2–18.5) 16.2 (13.3–19.5) 15.0 (13.1–17.1)
Alaska 26.8 (23.6–30.2) 30.3 (25.9–35.0) 28.6 (25.8–31.5) 15.9 (13.3–18.9) 18.6 (15.1–22.7) 17.3 (15.0–20.0)
Arizona 30.5 (25.8–35.6) 29.4 (25.9–33.2) 30.1 (26.7–33.7) 17.2 (12.9–22.7) 19.3 (16.4–22.7) 18.5 (15.5–21.8)
Arkansas 23.1 (19.6–27.1) 29.5 (23.8–36.0) 26.3 (22.3–30.7) 14.6 (12.2–17.3) 18.6 (14.1–24.1) 16.5 (13.8–19.8)
California 32.0 (29.1–35.0) 34.7 (32.1–37.4) 33.3 (31.1–35.5) 18.7 (16.3–21.4) 21.4 (19.0–24.0) 20.1 (18.4–22.0)
Connecticut 33.4 (29.8–37.2) 27.7 (24.2–31.4) 30.5 (27.7–33.5) 18.7 (16.4–21.3) 17.5 (14.7–20.7) 18.1 (16.1–20.3)
Delaware 28.8 (25.7–32.1) 33.2 (29.9–36.6) 31.0 (28.6–33.4) 17.9 (15.6–20.5) 22.5 (19.6–25.7) 20.2 (18.3–22.1)
Florida 29.9 (28.2–31.7) 36.0 (34.0–38.2) 33.2 (31.6–34.8) 19.4 (17.8–21.2) 25.1 (23.2–27.1) 22.5 (21.2–23.9)
Hawaii 21.2 (19.6–23.0) 24.8 (22.7–27.1) 23.2 (21.8–24.6) 12.7 (11.2–14.4) 16.0 (14.3–17.8) 14.5 (13.4–15.7)
Idaho 24.3 (22.1–26.7) 27.0 (23.2–31.1) 25.6 (23.1–28.3) 12.7 (10.7–15.0) 16.2 (13.4–19.6) 14.5 (12.4–16.9)
Illinois 27.7 (23.5–32.4) 34.0 (30.9–37.3) 30.9 (28.2–33.7) 17.3 (14.5–20.5) 21.1 (18.2–24.3) 19.2 (16.9–21.8)
Indiana 23.6 (19.1–28.9) 27.2 (23.3–31.5) 25.5 (21.8–29.6) 13.4 (10.3–17.3) 14.4 (12.2–17.1) 13.9 (12.1–15.9)
Kentucky 21.9 (18.9–25.1) 20.1 (17.0–23.4) 21.0 (19.3–22.9) 13.0 (10.5–16.0) 14.0 (11.7–16.7) 13.6 (12.2–15.1)
Maine 29.7 (27.2–32.2) 30.4 (29.1–31.8) 30.1 (28.6–31.6) 17.0 (15.2–18.9) 17.9 (16.7–19.1) 17.4 (16.3–18.6)
Maryland 27.3 (26.6–28.1) 30.3 (29.6–31.1) 28.8 (28.3–29.3) 16.2 (15.6–16.8) 19.9 (19.3–20.6) 18.1 (17.6–18.5)
Massachusetts 30.6 (26.9–34.6) 31.9 (29.5–34.5) 31.4 (29.3–33.5) 16.8 (14.4–19.4) 19.6 (17.2–22.3) 18.3 (16.8–19.8)
Michigan 26.3 (22.7–30.3) 28.7 (26.0–31.6) 27.5 (24.9–30.3) 14.3 (11.7–17.2) 17.6 (15.6–19.8) 15.9 (14.1–17.9)
Mississippi 24.2 (20.3–28.5) 26.4 (23.1–29.9) 25.2 (22.3–28.3) 17.0 (13.5–21.1) 19.3 (16.3–22.8) 18.1 (15.4–21.1)
Missouri 23.4 (20.1–27.1) 24.8 (21.6–28.2) 24.1 (22.1–26.2) 12.2 (8.8–16.7) 15.4 (12.6–18.7) 13.7 (11.2–16.7)
Montana 26.1 (23.9–28.4) 28.8 (26.3–31.4) 27.5 (25.7–29.3) 14.1 (12.7–15.7) 17.2 (14.8–19.9) 15.7 (14.3–17.3)
Nebraska 27.4 (23.9–31.2) 26.2 (23.2–29.5) 26.8 (24.6–29.2) 15.8 (12.9–19.1) 14.6 (12.2–17.4) 15.2 (13.5–17.1)
Nevada 30.1 (24.4–36.5) 28.6 (25.4–32.1) 29.3 (26.1–32.7) 17.8 (14.2–22.1) 17.5 (14.8–20.5) 17.6 (15.1–20.4)
New Hampshire §
New Mexico 25.5 (23.4–27.7) 29.5 (27.7–31.3) 27.5 (26.1–28.9) 16.0 (14.5–17.5) 20.6 (19.1–22.2) 18.3 (17.2–19.5)
New York 32.2 (29.4–35.2) 28.8 (25.8–32.0) 30.5 (28.3–32.7) 19.4 (16.9–22.1) 17.6 (15.8–19.5) 18.5 (16.7–20.4)
North Carolina 29.2 (25.8–32.8) 25.5 (21.6–30.0) 27.3 (24.9–29.9) 17.1 (13.7–21.1) 16.9 (13.3–21.3) 17.0 (14.3–20.1)
North Dakota 27.3 (24.0–30.8) 27.8 (24.3–31.6) 27.6 (24.9–30.4) 14.0 (11.7–16.6) 16.0 (13.7–18.6) 15.1 (13.2–17.1)
Oklahoma 25.6 (21.1–30.8) 30.9 (27.4–34.6) 28.2 (26.0–30.5) 12.9 (9.9–16.6) 21.8 (18.5–25.6) 17.3 (15.2–19.7)
Pennsylvania 24.7 (22.0–27.6) 32.4 (29.3–35.7) 28.6 (26.1–31.1) 11.5 (9.7–13.7) 21.2 (19.0–23.5) 16.4 (14.8–18.2)
Rhode Island 28.2 (22.5–34.7) 30.8 (27.0–34.9) 29.6 (25.3–34.3) 15.5 (11.7–20.3) 17.3 (12.9–22.7) 16.5 (12.7–21.1)
South Carolina 18.6 (14.4–23.7) 29.1 (24.2–34.6) 23.9 (20.1–28.1) 13.7 (9.9–18.6) 18.0 (14.2–22.4) 15.9 (12.6–19.9)
South Dakota 22.2 (18.7–26.0) 25.6 (20.8–31.1) 24.0 (20.5–28.0) 11.0 (7.2–16.3) 15.0 (11.5–19.3) 13.1 (10.1–16.7)
Tennessee 19.9 (18.2–21.7) 26.2 (23.3–29.4) 23.1 (21.1–25.2) 11.3 (9.7–13.1) 16.4 (14.0–19.1) 13.9 (12.2–15.8)
Vermont 33.5 (32.6–34.4) 35.0 (34.1–36.0) 34.3 (33.7–35.0) 17.9 (17.2–18.7) 21.6 (20.9–22.5) 19.9 (19.3–20.4)
Virginia 26.5 (23.8–29.5) 32.6 (29.6–35.7) 29.8 (27.5–32.2) 14.7 (12.6–17.1) 19.0 (16.9–21.3) 17.0 (15.3–18.8)
West Virginia 26.8 (22.4–31.7) 28.9 (26.3–31.6) 27.9 (25.5–30.5) 16.7 (13.3–20.8) 19.8 (16.3–23.8) 18.2 (16.1–20.7)
Wyoming 25.2 (22.8–27.7) 28.0 (25.0–31.2) 26.7 (24.5–29.0) 14.3 (12.4–16.5) 17.3 (14.7–20.2) 15.9 (14.1–17.9)
Median 26.6 28.8 27.7 15.6 17.7 17.0
Range (18.6–33.5) (20.1–36.0) (21.0–34.3) (11.0–19.4) (14.0–25.1) (13.1–22.5)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 28.5 (24.2–33.3) 35.7 (29.4–42.5) 32.2 (28.1–36.6) 20.9 (16.2–26.5) 22.4 (17.8–27.8) 21.5 (18.1–25.3)
Boston, MA 29.6 (26.8–32.5) 35.1 (31.9–38.5) 32.3 (30.2–34.4) 18.6 (16.1–21.5) 24.2 (21.1–27.6) 21.4 (19.3–23.6)
Broward County, FL 32.9 (30.0–35.9) 31.7 (27.3–36.5) 32.4 (29.7–35.2) 21.2 (18.6–24.1) 21.9 (18.5–25.7) 21.6 (19.5–23.9)
Cleveland, OH 28.5 (25.4–31.8) 31.9 (28.3–35.7) 30.0 (27.7–32.6) 20.3 (17.2–23.7) 23.1 (19.9–26.6) 21.6 (19.3–24.0)
DeKalb County, GA 32.0 (28.9–35.3) 35.1 (31.8–38.7) 33.5 (31.1–36.0) 20.8 (17.9–24.1) 24.0 (21.3–26.9) 22.3 (20.5–24.3)
Detroit, MI 22.7 (19.8–25.9) 25.4 (22.0–29.2) 24.0 (21.8–26.4) 15.0 (12.8–17.6) 19.9 (17.1–23.1) 17.3 (15.7–19.1)
District of Columbia 25.4 (24.1–26.7) 30.8 (29.4–32.4) 28.0 (27.0–29.0) 16.7 (15.6–17.8) 21.9 (20.6–23.3) 19.2 (18.3–20.1)
Duval County, FL 26.4 (24.3–28.7) 26.7 (24.1–29.6) 26.6 (24.7–28.5) 18.2 (16.4–20.2) 17.8 (15.7–20.2) 18.0 (16.5–19.7)
Ft. Worth, TX 31.6 (28.6–34.8) 37.4 (34.1–40.8) 34.5 (32.3–36.8) 22.0 (19.5–24.6) 27.4 (24.5–30.4) 24.6 (22.8–26.6)
Houston, TX 29.3 (27.0–31.7) 29.7 (27.0–32.6) 29.6 (27.8–31.5) 18.5 (16.5–20.8) 20.9 (18.4–23.6) 19.8 (18.2–21.5)
Los Angeles, CA 30.0 (26.6–33.6) 37.5 (33.5–41.7) 33.6 (31.5–35.7) 17.3 (14.3–20.7) 25.5 (22.0–29.5) 21.3 (19.4–23.3)
Miami-Dade County, FL 31.4 (28.8–34.2) 36.6 (33.5–39.8) 34.1 (32.2–36.1) 21.1 (18.7–23.8) 26.5 (23.4–29.8) 23.7 (21.9–25.6)
New York City, NY 26.3 (24.3–28.4) 30.4 (27.4–33.5) 28.4 (26.3–30.6) 17.3 (15.7–19.1) 20.3 (18.7–22.0) 18.9 (17.6–20.2)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 30.9 (26.8–35.3) 37.4 (33.6–41.4) 34.2 (30.8–37.6) 17.6 (14.7–20.9) 25.8 (22.2–29.7) 21.8 (19.1–24.7)
Palm Beach County, FL 29.4 (26.6–32.4) 32.3 (29.4–35.4) 31.1 (29.0–33.3) 17.5 (15.3–20.0) 22.2 (19.3–25.4) 20.1 (17.9–22.4)
Philadelphia, PA 30.7 (25.8–36.0) 33.9 (31.1–36.8) 32.2 (29.3–35.3) 22.0 (17.1–27.9) 24.3 (21.5–27.2) 23.0 (19.9–26.5)
San Diego, CA 31.1 (27.3–35.2) 35.5 (32.0–39.2) 33.4 (30.4–36.5) 18.6 (15.6–22.1) 22.4 (19.4–25.6) 20.6 (18.2–23.3)
San Francisco, CA 35.4 (31.7–39.3) 40.0 (36.0–44.0) 37.6 (35.2–40.2) 20.2 (17.0–23.8) 24.9 (21.6–28.5) 22.5 (20.3–24.9)
Median 29.8 34.5 32.2 18.6 22.7 21.4
Range (22.7–35.4) (25.4–40.0) (24.0–37.6) (15.0–22.0) (17.8–27.4) (17.3–24.6)

*During the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 87. Percentage of high school students who did not eat vegetables*, and who ate vegetables* one or more times/day, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Did not eat vegetables Ate vegetables one or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity                        
White 3.7 (2.9–4.7) 6.0 (5.0–7.3) 4.9 (4.2–5.8) 64.5 (61.2–67.7) 64.0 (61.4–66.6) 64.2 (61.7–66.7)
Black 8.8 (6.6–11.6) 13.0 (10.6–15.8) 10.9 (9.2–13.0) 48.0 (41.1–55.0) 56.5 (52.4–60.5) 52.5 (48.6–56.4)
Hispanic 7.7 (6.2–9.5) 9.2 (7.4–11.4) 8.5 (7.3–9.7) 55.3 (52.5–58.0) 57.7 (55.0–60.3) 56.5 (54.8–58.3)
Grade
9 6.0 (4.9–7.3) 7.2 (5.3–9.7) 6.6 (5.4–8.1) 57.3 (53.9–60.5) 59.7 (54.9–64.4) 58.6 (55.3–61.8)
10 5.9 (4.7–7.4) 8.4 (6.3–11.3) 7.1 (5.8–8.8) 58.6 (55.1–62.0) 60.9 (56.9–64.9) 59.9 (56.9–62.7)
11 4.5 (3.3–6.0) 8.0 (6.3–10.1) 6.6 (5.6–7.8) 61.3 (57.1–65.3) 63.9 (60.6–67.0) 62.5 (59.7–65.2)
12 5.7 (4.3–7.5) 7.2 (5.5–9.3) 6.4 (5.2–7.9) 63.1 (59.4–66.6) 63.9 (60.4–67.3) 63.5 (60.9–66.0)
Total 5.6 (4.8–6.4) 7.7 (6.6–8.9) 6.7 (6.0–7.5) 60.0 (57.5–62.4) 62.0 (59.7–64.2) 61.0 (58.9–63.0)

*Green salad, potatoes (excluding French fries, fried potatoes, or potato chips), carrots, or other vegetables.
During the 7 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 88. Percentage of high school students who did not eat vegetables*,† and who ate vegetables* one or more times/day, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Did not eat vegetables Ate vegetables one or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 10.0 (7.9–12.6) 11.0 (8.7–13.9) 10.4 (9.0–12.1) 49.0 (45.2–52.8) 52.8 (48.5–57.1) 51.2 (47.9–54.6)
Alaska 4.0 (2.8–5.6) 6.8 (5.2–8.8) 5.4 (4.3–6.8) 64.3 (60.3–68.2) 62.7 (59.0–66.3) 63.7 (60.6–66.7)
Arizona 6.1 (4.6–8.0) 8.1 (5.8–11.3) 7.1 (5.5–9.3) 60.0 (54.5–65.2) 57.9 (54.9–60.9) 59.1 (55.5–62.6)
Arkansas 10.7 (8.8–13.0) 11.9 (9.6–14.7) 11.3 (10.0–12.8) 53.9 (50.8–56.9) 54.8 (51.3–58.3) 54.5 (52.4–56.6)
California 6.4 (4.5–9.0) 7.4 (4.0–13.2) 6.9 (4.4–10.7) 61.4 (56.4–66.2) 61.7 (55.8–67.3) 61.6 (56.7–66.3)
Connecticut 6.3 (4.7–8.3) 7.7 (6.3–9.3) 6.9 (5.8–8.3) 66.3 (62.3–70.2) 63.1 (59.5–66.6) 64.8 (61.6–67.8)
Delaware
Florida 8.1 (7.1–9.4) 11.0 (9.8–12.3) 9.6 (8.6–10.6) 55.6 (53.1–58.1) 58.1 (55.8–60.3) 56.9 (54.9–58.8)
Hawaii
Idaho 2.8 (2.0–4.1) 3.9 (2.5–6.0) 3.3 (2.4–4.7) 66.1 (61.7–70.2) 63.9 (60.1–67.5) 64.8 (62.5–67.1)
Illinois 8.4 (6.4–10.8) 11.2 (9.1–13.7) 9.8 (8.4–11.4) 56.2 (50.7–61.6) 58.0 (53.3–62.6) 57.1 (53.5–60.6)
Indiana 5.9 (4.1–8.5) 8.6 (6.2–11.9) 7.3 (5.4–9.9) 58.9 (53.8–63.8) 56.0 (51.5–60.4) 57.5 (53.9–61.1)
Kentucky 6.5 (4.5–9.1) 10.4 (8.1–13.4) 8.5 (6.9–10.5) 58.8 (53.6–63.8) 55.3 (51.8–58.7) 57.1 (54.3–59.9)
Maine
Maryland 6.9 (6.5–7.3) 9.8 (9.3–10.4) 8.4 (8.0–8.8) 58.3 (57.4–59.2) 59.9 (59.1–60.8) 59.2 (58.5–59.9)
Massachusetts 5.7 (4.3–7.5) 6.3 (4.7–8.4) 6.0 (4.7–7.6) 61.8 (57.5–65.9) 62.9 (58.9–66.7) 62.4 (58.8–65.8)
Michigan 6.0 (4.2–8.6) 6.7 (5.2–8.5) 6.3 (4.9–8.0) 58.3 (54.0–62.4) 55.9 (51.2–60.5) 57.1 (53.6–60.6)
Mississippi 9.2 (6.7–12.5) 12.8 (10.5–15.5) 10.9 (9.3–12.9) 51.3 (47.3–55.2) 52.4 (49.1–55.6) 51.9 (49.2–54.6)
Missouri 5.5 (3.3–8.9) 6.8 (4.7–9.9) 6.1 (4.4–8.3) 56.1 (48.7–63.3) 60.2 (55.6–64.6) 58.0 (53.1–62.8)
Montana 3.9 (3.2–4.9) 6.3 (4.9–8.0) 5.1 (4.2–6.3) 65.5 (62.8–68.2) 66.3 (64.1–68.5) 66.0 (64.1–67.8)
Nebraska 4.3 (3.0–6.2) 8.4 (6.4–11.0) 6.4 (5.1–8.1) 63.2 (59.8–66.5) 64.1 (60.0–68.0) 63.8 (60.9–66.5)
Nevada 5.2 (3.5–7.6) 8.8 (5.9–12.9) 7.2 (5.5–9.3) 57.9 (52.0–63.6) 60.3 (56.0–64.5) 59.1 (54.9–63.1)
New Hampshire
New Mexico 6.1 (5.0–7.4) 8.1 (7.1–9.4) 7.1 (6.4–7.9) 57.4 (55.0–59.8) 61.5 (58.9–64.2) 59.4 (57.5–61.3)
New York
North Carolina 7.1 (4.3–11.6) 10.5 (7.4–14.8) 8.9 (6.8–11.7) 60.0 (54.9–64.9) 58.5 (52.5–64.2) 59.2 (55.0–63.3)
North Dakota 3.5 (2.4–5.1) 5.9 (4.4–7.9) 4.7 (3.8–5.8) 59.4 (55.9–62.9) 57.6 (54.6–60.5) 58.5 (56.3–60.7)
Oklahoma 7.0 (4.9–9.8) 8.9 (6.3–12.3) 8.1 (6.4–10.2) 56.2 (52.9–59.4) 59.1 (55.3–62.7) 57.6 (55.4–59.8)
Pennsylvania 4.4 (2.9–6.4) 7.7 (6.4–9.3) 6.1 (5.1–7.2) 60.6 (55.7–65.2) 58.4 (54.9–61.8) 59.5 (56.2–62.7)
Rhode Island 5.5 (3.3–9.1) 8.6 (6.1–12.0) 7.1 (4.9–10.2) 60.4 (52.4–67.9) 56.6 (51.7–61.4) 58.6 (53.4–63.6)
South Carolina 8.9 (6.0–13.0) 11.2 (8.5–14.6) 10.0 (7.3–13.5) 45.6 (41.0–50.2) 48.1 (39.4–56.8) 46.7 (41.3–52.3)
South Dakota 6.1 (3.5–10.2) 7.6 (6.0–9.8) 6.9 (5.1–9.2) 60.8 (53.3–67.8) 57.7 (53.1–62.1) 59.2 (55.3–63.1)
Tennessee 8.3 (7.0–9.9) 11.1 (9.4–12.9) 9.7 (8.5–11.1) 50.0 (47.1–52.9) 53.7 (50.5–56.9) 51.9 (49.7–54.1)
Vermont 3.1 (2.8–3.4) 5.5 (5.1–6.0) 4.4 (4.1–4.6) 73.4 (72.5–74.2) 71.4 (70.5–72.3) 72.3 (71.7–72.9)
Virginia 5.6 (4.3–7.3) 7.8 (6.4–9.4) 6.7 (5.6–8.1) 59.7 (55.8–63.4) 60.7 (57.2–64.0) 60.1 (57.0–63.2)
West Virginia 4.9 (3.1–7.7) 11.7 (9.1–14.9) 8.3 (6.2–11.1) 57.7 (53.3–62.0) 53.9 (49.4–58.3) 55.8 (52.3–59.2)
Wyoming 4.4 (3.0–6.3) 8.7 (7.0–10.6) 6.6 (5.5–7.9) 66.0 (62.5–69.4) 63.8 (60.6–66.8) 64.9 (62.4–67.2)
Median 6.0 8.5 7.1 59.1 58.4 59.1
Range (2.8–10.7) (3.9–12.8) (3.3–11.3) (45.6–73.4) (48.1–71.4) (46.7–72.3)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 11.3 (8.7–14.6) 10.6 (7.3–15.1) 10.8 (8.4–13.8) 49.3 (44.5–54.2) 58.1 (51.6–64.3) 53.8 (50.1–57.4)
Boston, MA 9.2 (7.1–11.8) 13.6 (11.1–16.6) 11.4 (9.5–13.6) 48.0 (44.0–52.0) 50.6 (46.5–54.7) 49.3 (46.2–52.5)
Broward County, FL 9.1 (7.0–11.8) 12.2 (9.6–15.3) 10.7 (9.0–12.7) 53.6 (49.7–57.5) 52.4 (48.2–56.5) 53.0 (49.9–56.1)
Cleveland, OH 10.9 (8.8–13.6) 11.6 (9.1–14.6) 11.4 (9.6–13.4) 48.5 (43.4–53.6) 48.4 (43.6–53.2) 48.7 (45.1–52.2)
DeKalb County, GA 8.0 (6.0–10.4) 11.0 (8.8–13.7) 9.5 (7.8–11.4) 55.3 (51.3–59.2) 54.6 (50.7–58.4) 54.9 (52.0–57.8)
Detroit, MI 7.0 (5.5–8.9) 11.5 (8.6–15.2) 9.0 (7.3–11.0) 54.2 (50.5–57.8) 54.6 (49.9–59.3) 54.5 (51.5–57.5)
District of Columbia 10.6 (9.7–11.6) 12.0 (10.9–13.1) 11.3 (10.6–12.1) 48.2 (46.7–49.7) 54.8 (53.2–56.5) 51.3 (50.2–52.5)
Duval County, FL 9.1 (7.5–10.9) 12.6 (10.8–14.5) 10.7 (9.5–12.0) 55.7 (52.9–58.5) 56.0 (52.8–59.1) 56.2 (54.1–58.2)
Ft. Worth, TX 8.9 (7.1–11.0) 10.9 (9.0–13.3) 9.9 (8.5–11.5) 54.3 (50.8–57.9) 56.0 (53.0–59.0) 55.1 (52.9–57.4)
Houston, TX 10.2 (8.5–12.2) 13.2 (11.6–15.0) 11.6 (10.4–13.0) 51.3 (48.9–53.8) 51.1 (48.3–53.8) 51.5 (49.5–53.4)
Los Angeles, CA 6.8 (5.0–9.2) 9.4 (8.0–11.0) 8.0 (7.0–9.1) 53.7 (48.3–58.9) 56.5 (52.2–60.8) 55.0 (51.2–58.8)
Miami-Dade County, FL 10.0 (8.4–11.9) 13.1 (11.0–15.5) 11.7 (10.3–13.3) 53.1 (49.9–56.3) 54.9 (51.1–58.6) 54.0 (51.1–56.8)
New York City, NY
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 8.2 (6.2–10.8) 13.7 (11.0–17.0) 11.1 (9.3–13.3) 54.4 (49.8–58.9) 55.4 (50.9–59.8) 54.8 (51.2–58.3)
Palm Beach County, FL 8.0 (6.4–10.1) 11.6 (9.7–13.9) 9.8 (8.6–11.2) 55.5 (51.8–59.1) 53.9 (51.0–56.7) 54.9 (52.6–57.2)
Philadelphia, PA 8.9 (6.6–11.8) 9.4 (7.6–11.4) 9.1 (7.3–11.3) 50.0 (45.5–54.5) 56.2 (52.7–59.6) 53.0 (49.8–56.3)
San Diego, CA 4.1 (2.7–6.0) 7.1 (6.0–8.3) 5.6 (4.7–6.6) 61.7 (58.6–64.6) 60.4 (57.1–63.6) 61.1 (58.8–63.4)
San Francisco, CA
Median 9.0 11.6 10.7 53.6 54.8 54.3
Range (4.1–11.3) (7.1–13.7) (5.6–11.7) (48.0–61.7) (48.4–60.4) (48.7–61.1)

*Green salad, potatoes (excluding French fries, fried potatoes, or potato chips), carrots, or other vegetables.
During the 7 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 89. Percentage of high school students who ate vegetables* two or more times/day and who ate vegetables* three or more time/day, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Ate vegetables two or more times/day Ate vegetables three or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White 29.1 (26.1–32.4) 28.2 (25.7–30.8) 28.6 (26.4–31.0) 13.1 (11.5–14.9) 13.9 (12.4–15.7) 13.5 (12.2–14.9)
Black 17.9 (14.3–22.3) 25.7 (21.1–30.9) 22.0 (19.1–25.2) 9.9 (6.2–15.4) 16.1 (12.7–20.3) 13.2 (10.8–15.9)
Hispanic 23.8 (21.3–26.6) 30.3 (27.6–33.2) 27.2 (25.2–29.3) 12.7 (10.7–15.0) 18.8 (16.5–21.3) 15.8 (14.2–17.5)
Grade
9 24.2 (21.6–26.9) 28.9 (24.6–33.5) 26.6 (23.9–29.6) 11.6 (9.7–13.8) 17.1 (13.9–20.7) 14.5 (12.5–16.8)
10 25.5 (22.5–28.7) 28.4 (25.5–31.4) 26.9 (24.6–29.2) 11.2 (9.2–13.5) 15.9 (12.8–19.5) 13.5 (12.0–15.1)
11 26.6 (22.8–30.7) 30.9 (28.3–33.5) 28.8 (26.6–31.1) 13.9 (12.0–16.1) 15.9 (13.5–18.8) 15.0 (13.4–16.8)
12 29.8 (26.1–33.8) 30.0 (26.2–34.1) 29.8 (27.0–32.8) 14.9 (11.2–19.4) 17.1 (14.7–19.8) 16.0 (13.7–18.5)
Total 26.5 (24.4–28.6) 29.6 (27.6–31.7) 28.0 (26.4–29.7) 12.9 (11.8–14.0) 16.6 (15.2–18.0) 14.8 (13.8–15.7)

*Green salad, potatoes (excluding French fries, fried potatoes, or potato chips), carrots, or other vegetables.
During the 7 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 90. Percentage of high school students who ate vegetables* two or more times/day and who ate vegetables* three or more time/day, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Ate vegetables two or more times/day Ate vegetables three or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 16.7 (14.1–19.6) 21.3 (17.6–25.5) 19.3 (16.8–22.0) 8.5 (6.5–10.9) 11.5 (8.8–15.0) 10.2 (8.5–12.3)
Alaska 28.5 (24.6–32.7) 27.9 (24.5–31.6) 28.3 (25.8–30.9) 15.0 (12.2–18.3) 13.2 (10.8–15.9) 14.2 (12.4–16.1)
Arizona 27.6 (22.5–33.4) 25.0 (21.8–28.5) 26.4 (22.8–30.3) 15.7 (13.0–18.8) 13.7 (10.9–17.2) 14.7 (12.3–17.6)
Arkansas 23.2 (19.2–27.7) 26.2 (23.0–29.6) 24.7 (23.2–26.4) 12.0 (10.4–13.8) 14.5 (11.8–17.8) 13.4 (12.3–14.5)
California 28.8 (25.2–32.8) 28.4 (24.1–33.1) 28.8 (25.9–31.9) 15.3 (12.7–18.3) 16.3 (13.4–19.7) 15.9 (14.0–18.0)
Connecticut 29.1 (24.5–34.2) 28.3 (25.6–31.2) 28.7 (25.9–31.6) 12.3 (10.0–14.9) 13.2 (11.1–15.7) 12.8 (11.1–14.6)
Delaware
Florida 25.0 (23.3–26.8) 29.1 (27.4–30.8) 27.2 (26.0–28.4) 13.5 (12.2–14.8) 17.3 (15.8–19.0) 15.5 (14.4–16.7)
Hawaii
Idaho 27.0 (23.6–30.7) 25.6 (22.1–29.3) 26.2 (24.2–28.3) 11.0 (8.6–14.0) 11.7 (9.6–14.1) 11.3 (9.7–13.2)
Illinois 22.2 (18.3–26.6) 27.3 (24.0–30.8) 24.8 (22.2–27.5) 11.0 (8.8–13.5) 14.2 (12.6–15.9) 12.7 (11.3–14.2)
Indiana 22.0 (18.6–25.9) 23.7 (20.2–27.6) 22.9 (20.4–25.7) 8.8 (6.4–12.0) 10.8 (8.3–13.8) 9.8 (8.0–11.9)
Kentucky 24.0 (20.8–27.6) 21.9 (18.8–25.4) 23.2 (21.0–25.5) 11.1 (8.6–14.1) 10.9 (8.7–13.7) 11.1 (9.5–13.0)
Maine
Maryland 24.1 (23.4–24.8) 27.3 (26.7–27.9) 25.8 (25.3–26.3) 11.8 (11.2–12.3) 14.8 (14.3–15.3) 13.4 (13.0–13.7)
Massachusetts 24.7 (21.4–28.3) 26.3 (22.9–29.9) 25.7 (23.0–28.6) 11.2 (9.2–13.7) 12.6 (10.9–14.6) 12.0 (10.6–13.7)
Michigan 21.2 (18.1–24.8) 23.2 (20.1–26.6) 22.3 (20.2–24.6) 10.5 (8.6–12.7) 9.1 (7.2–11.5) 9.8 (8.6–11.1)
Mississippi 20.5 (18.0–23.3) 24.3 (21.3–27.5) 22.6 (20.5–24.8) 11.1 (9.6–12.8) 13.8 (11.4–16.6) 12.4 (10.9–14.1)
Missouri 20.2 (17.3–23.5) 23.5 (20.6–26.7) 21.8 (19.7–24.1) 8.9 (5.9–13.2) 12.1 (9.5–15.4) 10.5 (8.7–12.6)
Montana 26.8 (24.7–29.0) 30.2 (27.8–32.6) 28.5 (26.7–30.4) 11.9 (10.5–13.5) 14.8 (13.1–16.6) 13.3 (12.2–14.6)
Nebraska 27.9 (24.5–31.5) 26.8 (23.5–30.3) 27.4 (24.7–30.3) 13.3 (10.5–16.6) 13.0 (10.9–15.6) 13.2 (11.3–15.5)
Nevada 25.7 (21.0–31.1) 25.7 (23.0–28.7) 25.8 (22.7–29.0) 14.5 (10.9–19.1) 13.0 (10.6–15.9) 13.8 (11.5–16.5)
New Hampshire
New Mexico 25.0 (22.9–27.3) 30.9 (28.5–33.5) 28.0 (26.1–29.9) 13.4 (12.1–14.7) 19.3 (17.3–21.6) 16.4 (14.9–17.9)
New York
North Carolina 26.3 (22.5–30.6) 26.9 (23.3–30.8) 26.6 (23.4–30.1) 11.7 (8.9–15.3) 13.4 (10.5–17.1) 12.5 (10.1–15.5)
North Dakota 25.3 (22.5–28.3) 23.4 (20.8–26.1) 24.3 (22.4–26.4) 10.1 (8.4–12.0) 12.1 (10.2–14.2) 11.1 (9.8–12.6)
Oklahoma 18.9 (16.3–21.8) 25.9 (22.6–29.5) 22.2 (19.8–24.8) 9.3 (6.8–12.7) 15.2 (12.8–18.0) 12.1 (10.1–14.6)
Pennsylvania 23.7 (20.9–26.8) 24.9 (22.0–28.2) 24.3 (21.9–26.9) 9.3 (7.3–11.7) 12.1 (9.8–14.7) 10.7 (9.0–12.6)
Rhode Island 22.2 (19.4–25.4) 25.4 (22.0–29.1) 23.9 (21.3–26.8) 10.9 (9.1–13.0) 12.9 (10.7–15.4) 12.0 (10.9–13.3)
South Carolina 16.5 (14.4–18.8) 20.7 (15.9–26.5) 18.5 (16.1–21.2) 7.5 (6.1–9.2) 10.8 (8.7–13.4) 9.1 (8.0–10.4)
South Dakota 21.8 (17.1–27.3) 26.5 (22.4–31.2) 24.3 (21.4–27.5) 9.8 (7.5–12.8) 13.8 (10.2–18.4) 11.9 (9.6–14.7)
Tennessee 18.9 (16.9–21.1) 23.0 (20.7–25.6) 21.1 (19.5–22.9) 8.4 (7.3–9.7) 10.9 (9.3–12.6) 9.7 (8.9–10.6)
Vermont 35.9 (35.0–36.9) 36.5 (35.6–37.5) 36.3 (35.6–36.9) 17.4 (16.7–18.2) 18.6 (17.8–19.3) 18.1 (17.6–18.6)
Virginia 24.9 (22.1–27.8) 27.7 (24.8–30.7) 26.4 (23.8–29.1) 11.8 (9.9–13.8) 15.8 (13.5–18.3) 13.8 (12.1–15.8)
West Virginia 24.2 (20.4–28.4) 23.4 (19.6–27.6) 23.8 (21.1–26.6) 12.7 (10.8–15.0) 13.0 (10.1–16.6) 12.9 (11.3–14.7)
Wyoming 28.8 (25.8–32.0) 31.3 (28.4–34.5) 30.1 (27.9–32.4) 13.1 (11.3–15.3) 14.7 (12.6–17.1) 13.9 (12.4–15.7)
Median 24.4 26.0 25.2 11.4 13.2 12.6
Range (16.5–35.9) (20.7–36.5) (18.5–36.3) (7.5–17.4) (9.1–19.3) (9.1–18.1)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 20.6 (16.8–25.0) 27.9 (22.4–34.1) 24.4 (21.0–28.2) 13.5 (10.0–18.1) 15.3 (11.3–20.3) 14.6 (11.7–18.1)
Boston, MA 21.3 (18.3–24.6) 19.7 (16.8–23.0) 20.5 (18.5–22.8) 10.7 (8.5–13.3) 9.8 (8.0–12.0) 10.3 (8.9–12.0)
Broward County, FL 22.2 (19.2–25.6) 23.9 (20.2–28.0) 23.1 (20.6–25.9) 12.1 (9.8–14.8) 13.3 (10.6–16.5) 12.8 (10.9–14.9)
Cleveland, OH 19.3 (16.5–22.4) 23.6 (20.3–27.2) 21.9 (19.5–24.5) 10.6 (8.4–13.4) 15.3 (12.5–18.6) 13.5 (11.7–15.5)
DeKalb County, GA 23.1 (20.0–26.5) 26.8 (23.6–30.2) 24.9 (22.8–27.1) 12.7 (10.7–15.1) 13.7 (11.6–16.2) 13.2 (11.8–14.8)
Detroit, MI 19.2 (16.5–22.2) 18.4 (14.9–22.5) 19.0 (16.8–21.3) 9.1 (7.4–11.3) 9.6 (7.1–12.9) 9.5 (7.9–11.4)
District of Columbia 19.3 (18.2–20.5) 24.8 (23.4–26.3) 22.0 (21.1–22.9) 10.4 (9.5–11.3) 13.8 (12.7–15.0) 12.1 (11.4–12.8)
Duval County, FL 22.7 (20.4–25.1) 24.6 (22.1–27.2) 24.1 (22.5–25.7) 10.9 (9.4–12.7) 12.7 (11.0–14.6) 12.0 (10.9–13.2)
Ft. Worth, TX 24.4 (21.5–27.5) 28.0 (25.1–31.1) 26.2 (23.9–28.7) 14.8 (12.4–17.7) 17.8 (15.4–20.5) 16.4 (14.5–18.4)
Houston, TX 22.7 (20.6–24.9) 20.4 (18.0–23.0) 21.8 (20.1–23.6) 12.2 (10.6–14.0) 11.6 (9.8–13.6) 12.2 (11.0–13.5)
Los Angeles, CA 19.6 (15.6–24.3) 26.3 (23.7–28.9) 22.8 (20.6–25.2) 9.7 (8.2–11.4) 13.9 (11.2–17.2) 11.8 (10.2–13.6)
Miami-Dade County, FL 26.3 (23.7–29.1) 28.3 (25.0–31.8) 27.4 (25.2–29.7) 15.6 (13.4–18.0) 17.9 (15.5–20.5) 16.8 (15.2–18.6)
New York City, NY
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 27.2 (23.8–30.7) 27.6 (23.1–32.5) 27.2 (24.2–30.5) 14.4 (11.9–17.2) 18.3 (14.0–23.5) 16.3 (13.6–19.4)
Palm Beach County, FL 21.6 (18.7–24.8) 24.7 (21.7–27.9) 23.4 (21.2–25.7) 11.2 (9.2–13.6) 13.5 (11.2–16.2) 12.5 (10.8–14.3)
Philadelphia, PA 21.2 (18.5–24.1) 24.4 (20.2–29.2) 22.9 (20.4–25.6) 10.2 (8.2–12.6) 14.1 (10.8–18.1) 12.3 (10.5–14.5)
San Diego, CA 26.4 (23.6–29.4) 28.1 (25.2–31.1) 27.2 (25.2–29.3) 12.6 (10.2–15.5) 14.0 (11.5–16.9) 13.3 (11.3–15.5)
San Francisco, CA
Median 21.9 24.7 23.2 11.6 13.8 12.6
Range (19.2–27.2) (18.4–28.3) (19.0–27.4) (9.1–15.6) (9.6–18.3) (9.5–16.8)

*Green salad, potatoes (excluding French fries, fried potatoes, or potato chips), carrots, or other vegetables.
During the 7 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 91. Percentage of high school students who did not drink milk* and who drank one or more glasses/day of milk,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Did not drink milk Drank one or more glasses/day of milk
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 24.4 (20.6–28.7) 12.1 (10.2–14.3) 18.3 (15.9–21.1) 32.0 (27.6–36.7) 50.6 (45.7–55.5) 41.2 (37.1–45.5)
Black§ 44.6 (39.5–49.8) 25.8 (23.0–28.8) 34.7 (32.4–37.0) 17.7 (14.5–21.5) 31.8 (26.2–38.1) 25.1 (22.2–28.2)
Hispanic 26.3 (23.7–29.1) 13.0 (11.1–15.3) 19.6 (17.7–21.6) 27.2 (24.6–30.0) 45.1 (42.6–47.7) 36.2 (34.4–38.1)
Grade
9 27.0 (24.2–30.0) 15.6 (13.1–18.5) 20.9 (18.8–23.3) 29.3 (25.5–33.4) 47.0 (43.0–51.0) 38.6 (35.2–42.1)
10 26.9 (21.2–33.4) 14.1 (10.8–18.1) 20.5 (16.9–24.6) 30.1 (22.9–38.5) 49.2 (42.5–55.9) 39.6 (33.7–45.9)
11 31.7 (27.8–35.9) 14.2 (12.1–16.6) 22.8 (20.3–25.6) 26.3 (21.9–31.4) 44.7 (41.2–48.2) 35.8 (32.2–39.6)
12 28.2 (24.8–32.0) 16.6 (13.9–19.7) 22.4 (20.1–24.8) 26.5 (23.4–29.9) 43.8 (39.8–47.8) 35.2 (32.7–37.7)
Total 28.4 (25.5–31.5) 15.1 (13.6–16.6) 21.5 (19.8–23.4) 28.2 (25.1–31.6) 46.2 (43.3–49.1) 37.5 (34.8–40.2)

*During the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 92. Percentage of high school students who did not drink milk* and who drank one or more glasses/day of milk,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Did not drink milk Drank one or more glasses/day of milk
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys                        
Alabama 35.5 (30.5–40.8) 22.7 (19.6–26.0) 29.0 (25.4–32.9) 18.9 (15.1–23.5) 32.9 (30.4–35.4) 26.1 (23.6–28.8)
Alaska §
Arizona
Arkansas 33.3 (27.4–39.7) 20.2 (18.0–22.6) 26.7 (23.7–29.9) 22.8 (18.4–28.0) 37.1 (32.8–41.7) 29.9 (26.5–33.5)
California 30.0 (23.5–37.5) 15.8 (13.0–19.1) 22.8 (18.7–27.5) 23.8 (20.4–27.5) 41.2 (37.7–44.8) 32.7 (29.8–35.6)
Connecticut
Delaware 30.9 (27.5–34.6) 18.3 (15.6–21.3) 24.6 (22.3–27.0) 23.7 (21.2–26.5) 41.8 (38.7–45.0) 32.9 (30.7–35.2)
Florida 29.2 (27.6–31.0) 17.2 (15.6–18.9) 23.2 (22.0–24.5) 24.7 (22.8–26.8) 43.1 (40.8–45.3) 33.9 (32.4–35.5)
Hawaii 36.6 (33.6–39.8) 22.3 (20.3–24.4) 29.6 (27.5–31.9) 16.6 (14.4–19.1) 29.6 (27.0–32.3) 23.0 (21.0–25.0)
Idaho 19.7 (16.9–22.7) 10.3 (8.0–13.1) 14.8 (13.0–16.9) 30.4 (27.0–34.1) 53.5 (49.1–57.8) 42.1 (39.2–45.1)
Illinois 31.9 (28.4–35.6) 16.5 (13.4–20.3) 24.1 (21.5–26.8) 25.0 (21.9–28.3) 42.4 (38.3–46.7) 33.8 (30.8–37.1)
Indiana 23.5 (20.2–27.1) 16.5 (12.9–20.9) 20.0 (17.2–23.2) 27.4 (23.2–32.0) 43.0 (38.4–47.6) 35.3 (32.3–38.4)
Kentucky 26.5 (22.3–31.0) 18.5 (15.4–22.0) 22.5 (19.9–25.4) 22.3 (19.1–25.9) 37.9 (33.6–42.4) 30.3 (27.6–33.2)
Maine 23.4 (22.0–24.8) 14.2 (13.0–15.6) 18.8 (17.9–19.7) 34.1 (32.8–35.4) 50.2 (48.8–51.7) 42.3 (41.2–43.3)
Maryland
Massachusetts 28.1 (24.7–31.7) 13.8 (11.8–16.2) 21.0 (18.8–23.3) 27.6 (24.2–31.4) 48.2 (45.0–51.5) 38.0 (35.2–40.9)
Michigan 29.8 (25.8–34.1) 17.1 (13.7–21.1) 23.4 (20.2–26.9) 26.5 (23.4–29.9) 44.3 (38.9–49.8) 35.4 (31.5–39.5)
Mississippi 37.7 (33.9–41.6) 25.3 (21.6–29.3) 31.7 (29.1–34.3) 18.2 (15.2–21.7) 29.0 (24.9–33.6) 23.5 (20.5–26.8)
Missouri 26.3 (22.3–30.7) 14.8 (12.0–18.2) 20.8 (17.6–24.3) 28.1 (24.2–32.3) 44.8 (41.9–47.7) 36.0 (33.4–38.7)
Montana 20.0 (18.2–21.8) 11.9 (10.2–13.7) 15.8 (14.5–17.1) 33.3 (30.8–36.0) 49.1 (46.1–52.1) 41.5 (39.0–44.0)
Nebraska 22.7 (19.1–26.7) 12.1 (9.6–15.1) 17.3 (14.9–19.9) 33.9 (30.7–37.4) 49.1 (44.9–53.2) 41.7 (38.9–44.5)
Nevada 28.9 (25.1–33.0) 17.9 (14.8–21.4) 23.5 (20.9–26.2) 24.6 (22.2–27.1) 39.5 (36.0–43.2) 32.2 (30.3–34.0)
New Hampshire
New Mexico
New York 34.2 (32.2–36.2) 26.9 (23.1–31.0) 30.5 (28.4–32.7) 21.4 (19.6–23.3) 33.8 (31.9–35.8) 27.7 (26.0–29.5)
North Carolina
North Dakota 15.9 (13.5–18.5) 12.0 (9.7–14.9) 13.9 (12.3–15.8) 45.8 (42.1–49.6) 57.1 (53.3–60.8) 51.6 (48.7–54.4)
Oklahoma 26.7 (24.2–29.3) 17.7 (14.8–21.1) 22.4 (20.3–24.6) 26.8 (22.3–32.0) 42.3 (38.3–46.3) 34.2 (31.0–37.4)
Pennsylvania 25.8 (22.7–29.2) 15.6 (13.5–18.1) 20.7 (18.4–23.2) 27.7 (24.3–31.4) 49.1 (45.2–52.9) 38.4 (35.3–41.7)
Rhode Island
South Carolina 38.6 (32.3–45.4) 21.4 (18.0–25.2) 30.1 (26.5–34.0) 17.6 (11.9–25.4) 33.4 (26.8–40.8) 25.4 (20.1–31.7)
South Dakota 18.9 (14.4–24.3) 13.7 (9.6–19.1) 16.2 (13.9–18.8) 38.4 (32.0–45.2) 51.6 (48.1–55.1) 45.2 (40.9–49.5)
Tennessee 34.2 (30.0–38.7) 19.4 (16.5–22.6) 26.6 (23.5–29.8) 21.7 (19.1–24.7) 36.3 (32.9–39.8) 29.3 (26.7–32.0)
Vermont
Virginia 35.1 (32.0–38.3) 20.8 (18.3–23.5) 27.7 (25.5–30.0) 25.1 (22.3–28.2) 43.1 (39.6–46.7) 34.4 (31.7–37.2)
West Virginia 24.6 (21.8–27.7) 17.7 (14.4–21.6) 21.2 (18.9–23.8) 26.3 (22.9–30.1) 41.2 (36.8–45.7) 33.8 (30.5–37.2)
Wyoming 23.1 (20.4–26.1) 16.2 (13.2–19.8) 19.6 (17.4–22.1) 33.0 (29.7–36.6) 46.1 (41.2–51.1) 39.7 (36.7–42.7)
Median 28.5 17.1 22.6 25.7 42.7 34.0
Range (15.9–38.6) (10.3–26.9) (13.9–31.7) (16.6–45.8) (29.0–57.1) (23.0–51.6)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 41.7 (37.1–46.5) 32.2 (25.9–39.3) 36.9 (32.5–41.5) 16.6 (12.6–21.7) 24.7 (20.1–30.0) 20.8 (17.4–24.7)
Boston, MA 32.9 (29.7–36.2) 22.6 (19.1–26.5) 27.7 (25.2–30.5) 23.1 (20.2–26.3) 37.1 (33.6–40.7) 30.3 (27.8–32.9)
Broward County, FL 40.5 (36.4–44.7) 28.0 (25.0–31.3) 34.1 (31.3–36.9) 16.5 (14.0–19.3) 28.7 (25.3–32.4) 22.8 (20.5–25.2)
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA 43.3 (39.6–47.1) 28.4 (25.2–32.0) 35.9 (33.4–38.6) 16.2 (13.7–19.1) 27.1 (23.5–31.1) 21.6 (19.2–24.3)
Detroit, MI 36.3 (32.4–40.3) 29.9 (26.2–33.9) 33.4 (30.5–36.5) 13.7 (11.3–16.5) 18.8 (15.9–22.1) 16.2 (14.3–18.2)
District of Columbia
Duval County, FL
Ft. Worth, TX 28.2 (25.2–31.4) 16.9 (14.5–19.7) 22.5 (20.6–24.6) 23.8 (21.3–26.4) 39.9 (37.1–42.8) 32.0 (29.9–34.1)
Houston, TX 33.2 (30.7–35.8) 22.2 (20.0–24.5) 27.5 (25.7–29.3) 20.9 (18.8–23.2) 30.3 (27.9–32.7) 25.8 (24.2–27.5)
Los Angeles, CA 25.5 (21.4–30.1) 15.5 (13.5–17.7) 20.7 (18.1–23.6) 21.9 (18.7–25.5) 39.8 (36.4–43.3) 30.6 (28.0–33.2)
Miami-Dade County, FL 29.5 (26.6–32.6) 19.3 (16.9–21.9) 24.5 (22.8–26.3) 25.6 (23.0–28.4) 43.0 (39.2–46.8) 34.1 (31.7–36.6)
New York City, NY 39.8 (37.3–42.3) 21.3 (19.5–23.3) 30.8 (29.1–32.5) 16.3 (14.4–18.5) 28.5 (26.4–30.6) 22.4 (20.8–24.0)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 33.2 (29.7–36.9) 18.0 (14.9–21.7) 25.7 (23.5–28.1) 21.3 (18.6–24.2) 38.7 (35.1–42.4) 29.9 (27.2–32.8)
Palm Beach County, FL 38.1 (35.0–41.3) 25.4 (22.6–28.3) 31.5 (29.5–33.6) 18.7 (16.4–21.2) 32.3 (29.5–35.2) 25.4 (23.6–27.3)
Philadelphia, PA 32.2 (28.1–36.5) 20.7 (17.3–24.5) 26.6 (23.9–29.6) 19.3 (15.5–23.8) 33.3 (29.1–37.8) 26.1 (22.8–29.7)
San Diego, CA 27.3 (24.2–30.6) 16.6 (14.1–19.4) 21.8 (19.7–24.1) 22.5 (19.3–25.9) 39.8 (36.9–42.7) 31.3 (29.1–33.5)
San Francisco, CA 28.2 (24.6–32.0) 18.6 (15.6–21.9) 23.3 (21.1–25.8) 22.8 (19.4–26.4) 39.6 (35.4–44.0) 31.2 (28.5–34.1)
Median 33.2 21.3 27.5 20.9 33.3 26.1
Range (25.5–43.3) (15.5–32.2) (20.7–36.9) (13.7–25.6) (18.8–43.0) (16.2–34.1)

*During the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 93. Percentage of high school students who drank two or more glasses/day of milk* and who drank three or more glasses/day of milk,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Drank two or more glasses/day of milk Drank three or more glasses/day of milk
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 17.8 (14.8–21.3) 32.9 (28.5–37.6) 25.3 (22.0–28.9) 6.4 (5.1–7.9) 16.1 (13.2–19.6) 11.2 (9.5–13.3)
Black§ 5.8 (4.0–8.2) 21.0 (15.7–27.5) 13.8 (10.3–18.2) 3.0 (2.0–4.5) 10.3 (7.3–14.3) 6.9 (5.0–9.3)
Hispanic 12.8 (10.8–15.1) 28.3 (26.2–30.5) 20.6 (19.2–22.1) 4.9 (3.6–6.6) 15.0 (13.3–16.8) 10.0 (9.0–11.1)
Grade
9 16.7 (13.8–20.1) 32.5 (29.1–36.2) 25.1 (22.3–28.1) 6.9 (5.1–9.3) 15.7 (13.5–18.2) 11.5 (9.8–13.4)
10 14.8 (11.5–18.9) 30.8 (25.6–36.6) 22.9 (19.4–26.8) 5.1 (4.0–6.5) 17.0 (13.5–21.2) 11.0 (9.3–13.0)
11 13.7 (10.8–17.2) 29.2 (25.3–33.6) 21.9 (18.7–25.4) 4.6 (3.3–6.3) 13.8 (11.3–16.8) 9.4 (7.8–11.3)
12 12.5 (10.2–15.3) 25.4 (21.8–29.4) 19.0 (16.8–21.4) 4.6 (3.2–6.5) 12.1 (10.0–14.7) 8.4 (7.2–9.8)
Total 14.6 (12.6–16.8) 29.6 (27.0–32.4) 22.4 (20.4–24.5) 5.4 (4.5–6.4) 14.8 (13.1–16.6) 10.2 (9.3–11.3)

*During the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 94. Percentage of high school students who drank two or more glasses/day of milk* and who drank three or more glasses/day of milk,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Drank two or more glasses/day of milk Drank three or more glasses/day of milk
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 9.3 (6.6–12.7) 20.7 (18.2–23.5) 15.1 (13.1–17.5) 5.0 (3.3–7.6) 11.5 (9.1–14.5) 8.4 (6.8–10.4)
Alaska §
Arizona
Arkansas 13.6 (11.1–16.4) 23.8 (18.9–29.5) 18.6 (15.5–22.2) 5.3 (4.1–6.9) 13.1 (10.5–16.3) 9.2 (7.7–11.0)
California 10.8 (8.2–14.1) 24.5 (21.6–27.6) 17.7 (15.7–19.9) 4.0 (2.9–5.7) 13.2 (10.9–15.9) 8.7 (7.5–10.0)
Connecticut
Delaware 11.3 (9.5–13.4) 25.6 (22.5–28.9) 18.4 (16.6–20.4) 5.3 (3.9–7.1) 12.4 (10.4–14.8) 8.9 (7.7–10.4)
Florida 12.0 (10.6–13.5) 26.7 (24.8–28.6) 19.4 (18.3–20.7) 5.2 (4.3–6.3) 12.5 (11.2–14.0) 8.9 (8.1–9.8)
Hawaii 7.6 (6.3–9.2) 17.6 (15.9–19.5) 12.6 (11.5–13.7) 2.7 (2.0–3.6) 9.0 (7.7–10.5) 5.8 (5.1–6.6)
Idaho 17.3 (14.0–21.2) 39.4 (35.6–43.2) 28.6 (25.9–31.4) 7.3 (5.5–9.5) 19.7 (16.4–23.5) 13.6 (11.7–15.7)
Illinois 13.2 (11.0–15.7) 27.0 (23.3–31.0) 20.1 (17.8–22.6) 6.0 (4.5–8.0) 11.3 (8.7–14.6) 8.7 (7.2–10.4)
Indiana 15.1 (12.2–18.5) 28.4 (24.4–32.7) 21.9 (19.5–24.4) 6.4 (4.7–8.7) 12.9 (10.5–15.8) 9.9 (8.5–11.3)
Kentucky 11.6 (9.6–14.0) 25.5 (21.2–30.3) 18.7 (16.3–21.2) 3.9 (2.7–5.7) 13.2 (10.6–16.4) 8.7 (7.2–10.5)
Maine 19.4 (18.3–20.4) 33.1 (31.6–34.8) 26.4 (25.5–27.3) 7.9 (7.1–8.9) 16.9 (15.6–18.3) 12.5 (11.7–13.3)
Maryland
Massachusetts 16.2 (13.5–19.3) 30.9 (27.5–34.5) 23.6 (20.9–26.6) 6.4 (5.1–8.0) 15.4 (13.4–17.6) 10.9 (9.5–12.6)
Michigan 15.4 (13.3–17.8) 29.2 (24.8–34.1) 22.3 (19.7–25.1) 5.9 (4.2–8.0) 12.6 (10.6–15.1) 9.2 (7.8–10.9)
Mississippi 8.5 (6.3–11.5) 16.7 (14.0–19.9) 12.6 (10.4–15.1) 4.5 (3.3–6.1) 7.7 (5.9–9.9) 6.0 (4.8–7.6)
Missouri 15.8 (13.3–18.7) 29.0 (26.1–32.0) 22.1 (20.2–24.2) 7.1 (5.4–9.3) 13.8 (11.8–16.0) 10.4 (9.5–11.4)
Montana 19.7 (18.1–21.4) 34.7 (31.8–37.8) 27.4 (25.5–29.4) 8.5 (7.3–9.9) 17.5 (15.7–19.5) 13.2 (12.1–14.3)
Nebraska 18.6 (15.9–21.6) 35.2 (31.3–39.4) 27.1 (24.6–29.8) 8.4 (6.5–10.9) 17.6 (15.0–20.5) 13.2 (11.5–15.1)
Nevada 15.1 (12.5–18.0) 24.8 (21.5–28.4) 19.9 (17.8–22.3) 5.5 (3.6–8.2) 11.9 (9.8–14.3) 8.7 (7.2–10.4)
New Hampshire
New Mexico
New York 10.8 (9.3–12.5) 19.8 (18.3–21.3) 15.4 (14.0–16.8) 4.3 (3.4–5.6) 11.5 (9.5–13.8) 7.9 (6.7–9.3)
North Carolina
North Dakota 29.2 (26.0–32.6) 42.0 (38.8–45.3) 35.8 (33.4–38.2) 11.1 (9.0–13.7) 21.9 (19.4–24.7) 16.7 (15.0–18.5)
Oklahoma 13.7 (10.7–17.3) 26.2 (22.2–30.7) 19.7 (17.2–22.4) 6.3 (4.9–8.0) 11.0 (8.5–14.2) 8.5 (7.3–10.0)
Pennsylvania 14.2 (11.9–16.8) 32.7 (28.9–36.8) 23.5 (20.8–26.4) 6.3 (5.1–7.8) 16.4 (14.1–19.0) 11.4 (9.9–13.1)
Rhode Island
South Carolina 10.0 (6.9–14.2) 23.5 (18.3–29.6) 16.6 (13.2–20.6) 4.8 (3.2–7.2) 11.0 (7.8–15.4) 7.8 (5.8–10.4)
South Dakota 24.0 (17.7–31.6) 35.8 (31.4–40.5) 30.0 (25.5–35.0) 12.0 (8.2–17.3) 23.5 (20.9–26.3) 17.9 (15.8–20.2)
Tennessee 11.0 (9.0–13.4) 23.7 (20.9–26.8) 17.6 (15.3–20.1) 4.6 (3.4–6.3) 11.3 (10.0–12.8) 8.1 (7.0–9.3)
Vermont
Virginia 13.4 (11.5–15.7) 25.3 (22.4–28.6) 19.5 (17.6–21.7) 5.8 (4.7–7.3) 11.4 (9.5–13.6) 8.7 (7.4–10.2)
West Virginia 14.4 (11.8–17.4) 27.1 (23.8–30.6) 20.8 (18.4–23.3) 6.9 (5.3–9.0) 12.8 (10.5–15.5) 9.9 (8.5–11.4)
Wyoming 18.3 (15.9–21.0) 31.7 (27.7–36.0) 25.1 (22.9–27.6) 8.1 (6.6–9.9) 17.7 (14.8–21.0) 13.0 (11.3–14.9)
Median 13.9 26.8 20.0 5.9 12.8 9.0
Range (7.6–29.2) (16.7–42.0) (12.6–35.8) (2.7–12.0) (7.7–23.5) (5.8–17.9)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 10.2 (7.0–14.7) 13.0 (9.7–17.2) 11.8 (9.1–15.0) 7.0 (4.4–11.1) 8.6 (6.0–12.2) 8.0 (5.9–10.8)
Boston, MA 11.2 (8.9–13.9) 19.0 (16.6–21.7) 15.2 (13.3–17.3) 6.0 (4.7–7.6) 9.5 (7.5–11.8) 7.9 (6.8–9.1)
Broward County, FL 8.2 (6.3–10.6) 17.2 (14.1–20.8) 12.8 (11.0–14.8) 3.3 (2.3–4.6) 7.5 (5.8–9.5) 5.4 (4.4–6.6)
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA 7.5 (5.9–9.4) 14.8 (12.3–17.7) 11.1 (9.6–12.8) 3.2 (2.2–4.4) 6.9 (5.3–9.1) 5.0 (4.0–6.3)
Detroit, MI 6.0 (4.5–8.0) 10.5 (8.6–12.7) 8.2 (6.8–9.8) 2.5 (1.6–3.9) 5.7 (4.3–7.6) 4.1 (3.2–5.3)
District of Columbia
Duval County, FL
Ft. Worth, TX 12.5 (10.4–15.0) 23.3 (20.7–26.0) 18.0 (16.2–19.9) 6.3 (4.9–8.0) 12.0 (10.2–14.0) 9.1 (7.9–10.5)
Houston, TX 10.3 (8.7–12.1) 18.4 (16.3–20.6) 14.6 (13.2–16.1) 4.9 (3.7–6.4) 9.6 (8.2–11.3) 7.4 (6.5–8.5)
Los Angeles, CA 10.7 (8.5–13.3) 25.0 (20.8–29.8) 17.6 (15.0–20.6) 4.1 (2.9–5.7) 10.3 (7.9–13.3) 7.1 (5.6–9.0)
Miami-Dade County, FL 13.8 (12.0–15.9) 26.8 (24.0–29.8) 20.2 (18.5–22.0) 6.3 (4.9–8.0) 13.6 (11.4–16.1) 9.9 (8.6–11.4)
New York City, NY 7.2 (6.2–8.5) 15.9 (14.3–17.5) 11.5 (10.3–12.9) 2.9 (2.3–3.7) 7.4 (6.3–8.5) 5.1 (4.5–5.9)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 9.4 (7.5–11.6) 26.4 (22.8–30.3) 17.8 (15.5–20.5) 4.4 (2.9–6.5) 14.1 (10.9–18.0) 9.3 (7.2–11.9)
Palm Beach County, FL 7.5 (6.1–9.2) 18.3 (16.2–20.5) 12.8 (11.7–14.0) 2.5 (1.7–3.8) 8.8 (7.2–10.7) 5.6 (4.7–6.7)
Philadelphia, PA 10.3 (7.8–13.5) 18.4 (15.0–22.5) 14.3 (11.9–17.1) 5.4 (3.6–8.2) 8.0 (5.5–11.5) 6.7 (5.2–8.4)
San Diego, CA 9.3 (7.1–12.1) 26.6 (23.9–29.4) 18.1 (16.3–20.0) 4.0 (2.7–6.0) 12.0 (10.1–14.2) 8.1 (6.9–9.6)
San Francisco, CA 10.9 (9.0–13.2) 24.5 (21.1–28.2) 17.7 (15.7–20.0) 3.7 (2.6–5.2) 9.8 (7.5–12.6) 6.8 (5.4–8.4)
Median 10.2 18.4 14.6 4.1 9.5 7.1
Range (6.0–13.8) (10.5–26.8) (8.2–20.2) (2.5–7.0) (5.7–14.1) (4.1–9.9)

*During the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 95. Percentage of high school students who did not drink a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop*,† and who drank a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop* one or more times/day, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Did not drink soda or pop Drank soda or pop one or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White 33.3 (28.7–38.2) 21.6 (19.7–23.7) 27.5 (24.2–31.1) 15.0 (11.5–19.2) 24.5 (21.1–28.3) 19.7 (16.4–23.4)
Black 22.6 (18.3–27.7) 23.1 (18.6–28.3) 22.8 (19.5–26.5) 21.6 (16.3–28.0) 23.7 (19.1–29.0) 22.7 (18.1–28.1)
Hispanic 26.3 (23.3–29.5) 19.0 (16.5–21.7) 22.6 (20.3–25.1) 18.1 (15.3–21.3) 25.1 (22.7–27.8) 21.7 (19.5–24.0)
Grade
9 30.3 (26.9–33.9) 21.6 (19.0–24.3) 25.8 (23.5–28.1) 16.1 (13.3–19.5) 22.4 (19.3–25.8) 19.4 (16.9–22.2)
10 28.7 (24.2–33.8) 20.5 (17.7–23.5) 24.6 (21.2–28.5) 16.2 (12.9–20.2) 25.4 (22.0–29.2) 20.8 (17.8–24.1)
11 33.3 (29.3–37.6) 19.8 (17.4–22.5) 26.6 (23.8–29.6) 15.1 (11.7–19.3) 25.6 (22.9–28.4) 20.5 (17.7–23.6)
12 31.9 (27.1–37.2) 23.6 (20.2–27.4) 27.7 (24.0–31.8) 17.9 (14.6–21.8) 24.2 (20.4–28.4) 21.0 (18.1–24.2)
Total 31.0 (27.4–34.8) 21.4 (19.7–23.3) 26.2 (23.6–28.9) 16.4 (13.7–19.6) 24.3 (22.0–26.9) 20.4 (18.1–23.0)

*Not counting diet soda or diet pop.
During the 7 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 96. Percentage of high school students who did not drink a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop*, and who drank a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop* one or more times/day, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Did not drink soda or pop Drank soda or pop one or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
Site % CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 17.5 (14.5–21.0) 21.1 (18.1–24.4) 19.3 (17.3–21.5) 28.6 (25.2–32.2) 27.6 (24.6–30.8) 28.2 (25.5–31.1)
Alaska 32.3 (28.6–36.2) 19.7 (16.5–23.3) 25.7 (22.9–28.6) 14.5 (11.7–17.8) 22.6 (19.5–26.0) 18.8 (16.3–21.6)
Arizona 32.2 (28.2–36.4) 23.6 (18.7–29.4) 27.8 (24.4–31.6) 16.3 (12.8–20.5) 22.5 (19.0–26.5) 19.5 (16.3–23.2)
Arkansas 22.0 (19.2–25.1) 21.0 (16.6–26.2) 21.6 (18.4–25.2) 26.1 (22.5–30.0) 32.6 (27.7–38.0) 29.3 (26.2–32.7)
California 33.0 (28.7–37.7) 23.7 (18.9–29.3) 28.4 (25.0–32.2) 12.3 (8.8–16.9) 16.3 (14.3–18.6) 14.2 (12.3–16.4)
Connecticut 37.3 (32.7–42.2) 29.9 (26.6–33.4) 33.6 (30.6–36.8) 7.8 (5.8–10.4) 16.0 (13.2–19.1) 11.9 (10.1–14.0)
Delaware 31.2 (27.8–34.8) 26.6 (24.0–29.5) 29.0 (26.8–31.4) 16.9 (14.3–20.0) 20.7 (17.9–23.8) 19.1 (17.0–21.3)
Florida 31.9 (29.7–34.3) 25.0 (23.4–26.7) 28.6 (27.1–30.0) 17.0 (15.3–18.9) 24.4 (22.4–26.5) 20.8 (19.2–22.6)
Hawaii 39.2 (35.1–43.5) 28.8 (25.8–31.9) 34.2 (31.4–37.0) 10.2 (8.8–12.0) 16.7 (14.8–18.6) 13.4 (12.3–14.7)
Idaho 32.7 (28.4–37.3) 23.9 (21.2–26.9) 28.1 (25.4–31.1) 9.7 (7.3–12.8) 16.9 (14.2–19.9) 13.5 (11.5–15.7)
Illinois 35.9 (29.7–42.6) 24.4 (21.8–27.1) 30.1 (26.4–34.0) 14.1 (11.0–17.9) 22.3 (19.3–25.6) 18.3 (16.0–20.8)
Indiana 28.5 (24.9–32.5) 20.9 (17.6–24.5) 24.6 (21.6–27.8) 15.7 (12.8–19.2) 23.6 (18.5–29.7) 20.0 (16.5–24.1)
Kentucky 24.7 (21.0–28.8) 22.7 (19.2–26.8) 23.6 (20.8–26.7) 31.6 (26.9–36.8) 33.0 (28.1–38.3) 32.4 (29.5–35.4)
Maine
Maryland 30.9 (30.1–31.7) 27.0 (26.2–27.9) 29.0 (28.5–29.6) 14.2 (13.5–14.9) 19.1 (18.4–19.7) 16.6 (16.1–17.1)
Massachusetts 40.3 (36.2–44.5) 24.6 (22.0–27.3) 32.6 (29.7–35.5) 9.7 (7.9–12.0) 17.7 (14.8–21.0) 13.8 (11.6–16.2)
Michigan 30.0 (26.7–33.6) 22.6 (19.2–26.5) 26.3 (24.3–28.5) 14.8 (12.3–17.6) 23.0 (20.6–25.6) 18.9 (17.1–20.9)
Mississippi 18.8 (15.9–22.0) 18.4 (15.3–21.9) 18.7 (16.4–21.3) 29.1 (26.9–31.5) 29.9 (26.3–33.9) 29.4 (27.4–31.5)
Missouri 28.5 (22.4–35.5) 20.5 (17.0–24.4) 24.5 (20.4–29.0) 17.1 (13.2–21.9) 25.2 (21.8–28.9) 21.1 (18.1–24.4)
Montana 31.1 (28.6–33.7) 20.6 (18.3–23.0) 25.7 (23.8–27.6) 12.9 (11.3–14.7) 23.9 (22.2–25.7) 18.6 (17.3–20.0)
Nebraska 26.9 (23.4–30.6) 21.8 (18.5–25.5) 24.3 (22.0–26.9) 15.8 (13.0–19.1) 24.4 (21.3–27.8) 20.4 (18.1–22.8)
Nevada 31.7 (26.9–36.8) 27.5 (24.7–30.4) 29.6 (26.6–32.8) 11.3 (8.8–14.5) 16.1 (13.2–19.6) 13.7 (11.7–16.0)
New Hampshire 46.1 (44.3–48.0) 28.5 (26.7–30.4) 37.0 (35.6–38.4) 7.5 (6.6–8.4) 18.1 (16.8–19.5) 13.0 (12.2–13.9)
New Mexico 25.5 (23.7–27.4) 21.5 (20.0–23.1) 23.5 (22.1–24.8) 17.7 (16.4–19.0) 24.3 (22.8–25.8) 21.0 (19.9–22.1)
New York 38.0 (34.8–41.2) 30.2 (26.6–34.0) 34.1 (32.2–36.1) 11.3 (9.9–12.8) 16.4 (13.6–19.7) 14.0 (12.2–15.9)
North Carolina 26.8 (21.7–32.5) 19.2 (16.1–22.8) 23.1 (19.8–26.8) 23.9 (19.3–29.2) 29.8 (24.6–35.5) 26.8 (22.7–31.4)
North Dakota 31.5 (28.3–34.9) 20.0 (17.7–22.4) 25.6 (23.6–27.8) 12.3 (9.8–15.4) 24.7 (21.9–27.8) 18.7 (16.6–20.9)
Oklahoma 22.8 (19.3–26.7) 20.3 (16.7–24.5) 21.7 (19.0–24.7) 25.3 (21.4–29.6) 33.4 (28.8–38.4) 29.4 (25.9–33.2)
Pennsylvania 29.4 (25.4–33.6) 24.5 (21.9–27.3) 26.9 (24.6–29.3) 12.9 (10.2–16.2) 23.3 (20.2–26.8) 18.2 (15.9–20.8)
Rhode Island 39.4 (32.2–47.1) 29.5 (25.9–33.5) 34.4 (29.7–39.4) 9.5 (6.2–14.2) 15.6 (13.9–17.6) 12.6 (10.4–15.2)
South Carolina 22.7 (17.8–28.6) 20.7 (17.1–25.0) 21.7 (18.5–25.3) 26.5 (21.3–32.5) 26.6 (22.6–31.1) 26.7 (23.6–30.0)
South Dakota 22.9 (19.7–26.5) 23.2 (18.1–29.2) 23.1 (19.3–27.3) 17.4 (14.6–20.6) 28.7 (22.3–36.1) 23.2 (19.4–27.4)
Tennessee 22.8 (19.9–26.1) 20.7 (18.3–23.2) 21.7 (19.6–24.0) 26.0 (23.4–28.8) 31.8 (28.7–35.1) 29.0 (26.5–31.7)
Vermont 42.1 (41.2–43.1) 24.8 (24.0–25.7) 33.3 (32.7–34.0) 9.5 (8.9–10.0) 19.9 (19.1–20.7) 14.8 (14.4–15.3)
Virginia 33.3 (30.2–36.6) 27.0 (24.2–30.0) 30.0 (27.4–32.7) 14.2 (11.9–17.0) 19.5 (16.5–23.0) 17.0 (14.8–19.4)
West Virginia 24.0 (20.8–27.5) 19.6 (16.0–23.8) 21.8 (19.4–24.5) 26.4 (22.9–30.2) 33.7 (30.3–37.4) 30.1 (27.6–32.7)
Wyoming 28.8 (25.4–32.5) 21.9 (18.4–26.0) 25.4 (22.6–28.3) 15.6 (13.2–18.2) 26.6 (23.0–30.6) 21.2 (18.9–23.6)
Median 31.0 22.9 26.0 15.2 23.4 19.0
Range (17.5–46.1) (18.4–30.2) (18.7–37.0) (7.5–31.6) (15.6–33.7) (11.9–32.4)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 21.4 (17.5–25.8) 18.5 (14.5–23.2) 19.6 (17.0–22.4) 28.2 (23.6–33.3) 26.3 (21.7–31.5) 27.5 (24.2–31.0)
Boston, MA 32.7 (29.3–36.4) 26.3 (22.8–30.1) 29.6 (27.3–32.0) 14.3 (11.5–17.6) 19.6 (16.9–22.7) 16.9 (15.1–19.0)
Broward County, FL 32.9 (29.2–36.9) 30.0 (26.0–34.3) 31.3 (28.3–34.5) 11.2 (8.8–14.1) 19.3 (16.5–22.4) 15.4 (13.4–17.5)
Cleveland, OH 17.9 (14.8–21.4) 24.7 (21.7–28.0) 21.6 (19.5–24.0) 25.9 (22.5–29.6) 22.5 (19.1–26.3) 24.2 (21.5–27.1)
DeKalb County, GA 28.9 (25.5–32.6) 24.3 (20.9–28.0) 26.6 (24.2–29.1) 14.8 (12.6–17.2) 17.6 (14.9–20.6) 16.3 (14.5–18.1)
Detroit, MI 25.3 (22.5–28.5) 26.8 (23.1–30.8) 25.9 (23.5–28.4) 25.1 (21.0–29.6) 24.2 (19.6–29.3) 24.7 (21.4–28.3)
District of Columbia 24.9 (23.7–26.2) 25.9 (24.5–27.3) 25.5 (24.6–26.5) 18.4 (17.2–19.6) 19.8 (18.5–21.2) 19.1 (18.2–20.0)
Duval County, FL 28.9 (26.4–31.5) 29.5 (26.3–32.9) 29.2 (26.9–31.5) 18.2 (16.0–20.6) 20.3 (18.2–22.7) 19.2 (17.7–20.8)
Ft. Worth, TX 19.3 (16.8–22.1) 18.2 (16.0–20.7) 18.9 (17.3–20.6) 23.6 (21.1–26.2) 29.0 (26.2–31.9) 26.2 (24.2–28.3)
Houston, TX 24.3 (21.9–26.9) 22.2 (19.8–24.8) 23.2 (21.4–25.2) 18.4 (16.2–20.9) 20.9 (18.5–23.4) 19.8 (18.1–21.7)
Los Angeles, CA 31.8 (27.3–36.6) 22.9 (19.6–26.5) 27.4 (24.1–31.0) 8.3 (6.3–10.8) 14.5 (12.3–17.0) 11.3 (9.6–13.4)
Miami-Dade County, FL 32.5 (30.0–35.1) 22.7 (20.1–25.5) 27.9 (26.0–29.8) 15.8 (13.5–18.5) 23.8 (21.3–26.6) 19.8 (18.1–21.6)
New York City, NY 30.9 (27.1–35.0) 27.1 (25.3–28.9) 29.0 (26.8–31.3) 15.0 (12.7–17.7) 16.5 (14.5–18.8) 15.8 (14.1–17.7)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 34.2 (30.4–38.3) 27.1 (23.8–30.6) 30.7 (28.0–33.5) 14.2 (11.2–17.8) 22.8 (19.0–27.0) 18.7 (15.9–21.8)
Palm Beach County, FL 35.5 (32.2–39.1) 29.9 (26.4–33.6) 33.0 (30.6–35.6) 13.6 (11.7–15.7) 17.7 (15.1–20.6) 15.6 (13.8–17.6)
Philadelphia, PA 28.0 (23.1–33.5) 21.0 (17.7–24.8) 24.5 (21.6–27.8) 18.3 (15.1–22.0) 24.8 (21.4–28.4) 21.6 (19.1–24.2)
San Diego, CA 41.6 (38.1–45.3) 28.8 (26.3–31.5) 35.0 (32.6–37.5) 6.1 (4.6–8.1) 13.0 (11.0–15.2) 9.6 (8.2–11.2)
San Francisco, CA 46.1 (41.8–50.4) 31.5 (28.4–34.7) 39.0 (36.1–41.9) 8.8 (7.3–10.6) 12.1 (9.9–14.9) 10.5 (8.9–12.3)
Median 29.9 26.1 27.6 15.4 20.0 18.9
Range (17.9–46.1) (18.2–31.5) (18.9–39.0) (6.1–28.2) (12.1–29.0) (9.6–27.5)

*Not counting diet soda or diet pop.
During the 7 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 97. Percentage of high school students who drank a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop* two or more times/day and who drank a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop* three or more times/day, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Drank soda or pop two or more times/day Drank soda or pop three or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White 9.1 (6.6–12.4) 15.1 (12.5–18.2) 12.1 (9.6–15.0) 4.7 (3.1–6.9) 7.2 (5.4–9.6) 5.9 (4.4–8.0)
Black 15.0 (10.2–21.5) 15.8 (11.3–21.6) 15.4 (11.4–20.6) 9.9 (7.3–13.3) 9.3 (6.3–13.4) 9.5 (7.2–12.4)
Hispanic 11.4 (8.9–14.5) 17.4 (15.2–19.8) 14.4 (12.4–16.6) 6.7 (5.1–8.8) 9.4 (7.9–11.2) 8.1 (6.8–9.5)
Grade
9 10.0 (8.0–12.6) 14.6 (12.2–17.3) 12.4 (10.5–14.6) 5.8 (4.3–8.0) 7.5 (5.5–10.2) 6.7 (5.3–8.5)
10 10.2 (7.4–13.8) 15.8 (13.1–18.9) 13.0 (10.4–16.1) 6.0 (4.3–8.4) 9.1 (7.2–11.3) 7.5 (6.0–9.4)
11 10.5 (7.8–13.9) 16.1 (13.8–18.8) 13.4 (11.2–16.0) 5.8 (4.2–8.0) 7.8 (6.0–10.2) 7.0 (5.6–8.7)
12 10.5 (7.7–14.0) 16.0 (13.0–19.6) 13.2 (10.9–16.0) 5.5 (3.8–7.9) 8.4 (6.3–11.1) 7.0 (5.4–9.0)
Total 10.4 (8.2–13.0) 15.6 (13.7–17.8) 13.0 (11.1–15.2) 5.9 (4.6–7.5) 8.3 (6.8–10.0) 7.1 (5.8–8.6)

*Not counting diet soda or diet pop.
During the 7 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 98. Percentage of high school students who drank a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop* two or more times/day and who drank a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop* three or more times/day, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Drank soda or pop two or more times/day Drank soda or pop three or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 19.8 (17.0–22.9) 20.5 (17.9–23.3) 20.1 (18.2–22.1) 11.9 (9.9–14.2) 13.0 (10.5–15.9) 12.4 (10.8–14.2)
Alaska 10.8 (8.2–14.1) 15.2 (11.8–19.4) 13.1 (10.4–16.4) 6.1 (4.4–8.4) 9.4 (6.9–12.7) 7.8 (6.1–10.0)
Arizona 9.3 (6.9–12.4) 12.0 (9.3–15.4) 10.8 (8.7–13.4) 4.9 (3.6–6.8) 5.8 (4.3–7.8) 5.4 (4.2–7.1)
Arkansas 19.0 (14.9–24.0) 23.9 (19.6–28.8) 21.4 (18.0–25.2) 11.7 (7.8–17.0) 14.2 (10.6–18.6) 12.9 (9.9–16.6)
California 6.3 (4.4–8.9) 9.0 (7.4–10.9) 7.6 (6.5–8.9) 3.3 (2.5–4.4) 4.9 (3.4–7.2) 4.1 (3.1–5.4)
Connecticut 5.1 (3.5–7.2) 10.1 (8.0–12.7) 7.6 (6.3–9.2) 2.5 (1.6–4.0) 5.9 (4.2–8.2) 4.2 (3.1–5.6)
Delaware 10.8 (8.6–13.5) 12.7 (10.4–15.3) 11.8 (10.0–13.8) 6.7 (5.2–8.6) 8.1 (6.6–10.0) 7.5 (6.3–8.9)
Florida 11.3 (9.9–12.8) 16.1 (14.2–18.2) 13.7 (12.4–15.2) 5.7 (4.8–6.7) 9.0 (7.6–10.7) 7.4 (6.5–8.5)
Hawaii 6.1 (4.9–7.5) 10.0 (8.6–11.5) 8.0 (7.0–9.1) 3.4 (2.5–4.6) 6.2 (5.0–7.6) 4.8 (3.9–5.8)
Idaho 5.2 (3.6–7.5) 9.2 (7.0–12.1) 7.3 (5.6–9.3) 2.6 (1.6–4.3) 5.4 (3.8–7.6) 4.0 (2.9–5.6)
Illinois 8.9 (6.8–11.5) 13.3 (11.1–15.8) 11.2 (9.6–13.0) 5.6 (4.1–7.7) 7.3 (5.7–9.4) 6.6 (5.4–7.9)
Indiana 10.2 (7.9–13.1) 16.0 (12.7–20.0) 13.3 (11.1–15.9) 4.5 (3.2–6.2) 8.5 (6.5–11.2) 6.6 (5.2–8.4)
Kentucky 22.5 (18.4–27.2) 23.9 (19.8–28.7) 23.3 (20.3–26.5) 13.3 (10.0–17.4) 13.0 (10.1–16.5) 13.2 (11.0–15.8)
Maine
Maryland 9.5 (9.0–10.0) 12.5 (11.9–13.1) 11.0 (10.6–11.4) 5.6 (5.1–6.0) 7.5 (7.0–8.0) 6.5 (6.2–6.9)
Massachusetts 6.7 (5.2–8.5) 11.4 (9.0–14.3) 9.1 (7.4–11.1) 3.5 (2.5–4.9) 6.6 (5.1–8.6) 5.0 (3.9–6.5)
Michigan 9.0 (7.0–11.4) 14.6 (12.1–17.5) 11.8 (10.0–13.9) 4.9 (3.7–6.6) 7.5 (5.9–9.6) 6.3 (5.1–7.7)
Mississippi 20.7 (18.4–23.1) 20.4 (17.3–24.0) 20.4 (18.5–22.5) 11.3 (9.6–13.2) 12.6 (9.5–16.6) 11.9 (9.9–14.3)
Missouri 10.8 (7.7–15.0) 17.1 (13.3–21.7) 14.0 (11.2–17.2) 5.0 (2.4–10.1) 9.5 (7.3–12.2) 7.2 (5.1–10.2)
Montana 6.7 (5.6–8.1) 14.4 (13.0–15.9) 10.7 (9.8–11.7) 3.1 (2.5–3.9) 7.2 (6.0–8.6) 5.2 (4.5–6.1)
Nebraska 7.8 (5.8–10.4) 15.6 (13.2–18.2) 11.9 (10.2–13.8) 3.3 (2.2–5.0) 6.5 (5.0–8.5) 5.1 (4.0–6.5)
Nevada 6.7 (4.9–9.1) 9.3 (6.7–12.7) 8.0 (6.4–9.9) 4.5 (3.1–6.5) 4.8 (3.2–7.2) 4.7 (3.5–6.2)
New Hampshire 4.7 (4.1–5.5) 13.7 (12.6–14.9) 9.4 (8.7–10.2) 2.6 (2.1–3.3) 7.5 (6.8–8.3) 5.2 (4.7–5.8)
New Mexico 10.3 (9.3–11.4) 15.7 (14.3–17.2) 13.0 (12.1–13.9) 5.3 (4.4–6.4) 8.6 (7.5–9.8) 7.0 (6.3–7.7)
New York 6.8 (5.6–8.3) 10.7 (8.9–12.8) 8.8 (7.7–10.1) 3.9 (3.0–5.0) 6.2 (4.7–8.1) 5.0 (4.2–6.1)
North Carolina 16.6 (12.1–22.2) 21.6 (16.8–27.4) 19.1 (15.3–23.6) 11.2 (7.6–16.2) 13.6 (11.0–16.6) 12.3 (10.0–15.0)
North Dakota 7.1 (5.0–10.0) 16.2 (13.9–18.9) 11.7 (10.1–13.7) 3.5 (2.2–5.7) 8.0 (6.3–10.2) 5.8 (4.7–7.2)
Oklahoma 17.3 (14.2–20.8) 21.9 (17.9–26.5) 19.8 (16.8–23.0) 7.7 (5.7–10.4) 11.7 (9.0–15.2) 9.7 (7.6–12.4)
Pennsylvania 8.9 (6.5–12.1) 15.0 (12.5–17.9) 12.0 (9.9–14.5) 5.0 (3.4–7.3) 8.2 (6.5–10.4) 6.6 (5.2–8.4)
Rhode Island 6.1 (3.7–9.8) 10.5 (9.1–12.0) 8.3 (6.8–10.1) 3.5 (1.6–7.5) 5.4 (4.1–7.2) 4.5 (3.1–6.4)
South Carolina 21.1 (16.6–26.4) 18.9 (16.0–22.2) 20.1 (17.2–23.4) 13.1 (9.9–17.2) 11.6 (8.2–16.1) 12.5 (10.0–15.5)
South Dakota 11.0 (8.2–14.7) 20.5 (15.3–26.9) 15.9 (12.6–19.7) 4.7 (2.8–7.7) 9.4 (6.0–14.4) 7.1 (5.4–9.2)
Tennessee 16.5 (14.5–18.6) 22.8 (20.4–25.5) 19.7 (17.8–21.8) 9.2 (7.4–11.5) 12.2 (10.6–14.0) 10.8 (9.3–12.5)
Vermont 5.8 (5.4–6.3) 13.7 (13.0–14.3) 9.9 (9.5–10.3) 3.2 (2.9–3.6) 8.0 (7.5–8.5) 5.7 (5.4–6.0)
Virginia 7.7 (6.0–9.9) 12.8 (10.6–15.5) 10.4 (8.6–12.4) 3.7 (2.6–5.2) 7.6 (6.0–9.5) 5.7 (4.5–7.2)
West Virginia 18.9 (15.8–22.4) 25.2 (22.0–28.7) 22.1 (19.8–24.6) 11.5 (9.5–13.9) 15.5 (13.3–18.0) 13.5 (12.3–14.8)
Wyoming 8.8 (6.6–11.5) 16.8 (13.3–21.0) 12.9 (11.1–14.9) 3.8 (2.4–6.0) 9.3 (7.4–11.8) 6.7 (5.6–7.9)
Median 9.1 15.1 11.8 4.9 8.0 6.6
Range (4.7–22.5) (9.0–25.2) (7.3–23.3) (2.5–13.3) (4.8–15.5) (4.0–13.5)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 21.5 (17.3–26.4) 16.1 (12.5–20.6) 19.2 (16.4–22.4) 15.2 (11.7–19.6) 11.6 (8.6–15.6) 13.5 (10.9–16.6)
Boston, MA 9.8 (7.4–13.0) 13.4 (11.2–15.9) 11.6 (9.9–13.6) 6.6 (4.7–9.2) 9.0 (7.0–11.4) 7.7 (6.3–9.4)
Broward County, FL 7.7 (5.8–10.2) 11.5 (9.6–13.9) 9.7 (8.2–11.5) 4.8 (3.4–6.8) 6.7 (5.1–8.7) 5.8 (4.6–7.4)
Cleveland, OH 19.5 (16.6–22.9) 17.1 (14.3–20.3) 18.4 (16.2–20.8) 14.2 (11.6–17.4) 10.3 (7.9–13.4) 12.4 (10.3–14.8)
DeKalb County, GA 9.9 (8.1–12.1) 11.9 (9.6–14.7) 10.9 (9.4–12.6) 6.2 (4.7–8.3) 6.8 (4.9–9.3) 6.5 (5.3–7.9)
Detroit, MI 18.7 (15.5–22.5) 18.3 (14.1–23.5) 18.6 (15.5–22.1) 12.9 (10.0–16.3) 11.7 (8.3–16.3) 12.3 (9.7–15.6)
District of Columbia 12.8 (11.8–13.9) 13.3 (12.2–14.5) 13.0 (12.3–13.8) 8.5 (7.6–9.4) 8.1 (7.2–9.1) 8.3 (7.6–8.9)
Duval County, FL 13.0 (11.2–15.0) 13.2 (11.4–15.2) 13.0 (11.8–14.3) 8.3 (6.9–9.9) 8.3 (6.8–10.1) 8.3 (7.2–9.4)
Ft. Worth, TX 16.4 (14.1–18.9) 19.2 (16.8–21.8) 17.7 (15.9–19.8) 10.0 (8.1–12.2) 10.0 (8.4–11.9) 10.0 (8.7–11.4)
Houston, TX 11.0 (9.4–12.9) 12.4 (10.8–14.3) 11.8 (10.5–13.2) 5.8 (4.7–7.3) 7.2 (5.9–8.6) 6.6 (5.6–7.7)
Los Angeles, CA 4.8 (3.4–6.9) 8.1 (6.4–10.2) 6.4 (5.2–7.9) 2.8 (2.0–3.9) 3.7 (2.7–5.2) 3.3 (2.5–4.2)
Miami-Dade County, FL 11.4 (9.3–13.7) 16.9 (14.8–19.2) 14.1 (12.6–15.8) 6.1 (4.8–7.9) 8.8 (7.4–10.3) 7.5 (6.5–8.6)
New York City, NY 10.0 (8.3–12.0) 10.7 (9.2–12.4) 10.3 (9.1–11.7) 5.5 (4.4–6.7) 5.9 (4.9–7.2) 5.7 (5.0–6.6)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 9.0 (7.0–11.5) 15.2 (12.0–19.1) 12.2 (10.0–14.7) 5.4 (3.8–7.6) 10.1 (7.7–13.1) 7.8 (6.1–10.1)
Palm Beach County, FL 8.9 (7.4–10.6) 11.7 (9.6–14.1) 10.1 (8.7–11.7) 4.5 (3.5–5.8) 6.6 (5.3–8.2) 5.5 (4.5–6.6)
Philadelphia, PA 13.7 (10.5–17.7) 17.2 (13.9–21.2) 15.5 (12.9–18.5) 9.8 (6.9–13.7) 10.5 (8.5–12.9) 10.1 (8.2–12.4)
San Diego, CA 3.5 (2.4–4.9) 8.4 (6.7–10.4) 6.0 (4.9–7.2) 1.8 (1.1–2.9) 5.4 (4.1–7.1) 3.6 (2.9–4.6)
San Francisco, CA 6.5 (5.1–8.3) 6.2 (4.6–8.2) 6.3 (5.2–7.7) 2.6 (1.6–4.2) 2.7 (1.6–4.4) 2.6 (1.7–4.0)
Median 10.5 13.2 12.0 6.1 8.2 7.6
Range (3.5–21.5) (6.2–19.2) (6.0–19.2) (1.8–15.2) (2.7–11.7) (2.6–13.5)

*Not counting diet soda or diet pop.
During the 7 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 99. Percentage of high school students who did not drink a can, bottle, or glass of a sports drink*,† and who drank a can, bottle, or glass of a sports drink* one or more times/day, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Did not drink sports drinks Drank sports drinks one or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White 55.8 (52.2–59.4) 33.5 (30.8–36.4) 44.6 (41.3–47.9) 6.7 (4.8–9.1) 18.1 (15.9–20.5) 12.4 (10.4–14.8)
Black 45.7 (37.0–54.7) 25.9 (20.1–32.9) 36.0 (30.6–41.8) 14.3 (11.8–17.2) 25.2 (19.0–32.5) 19.7 (16.6–23.3)
Hispanic 45.2 (39.9–50.7) 27.6 (23.2–32.4) 36.2 (31.9–40.8) 12.2 (9.8–15.1) 19.0 (16.7–21.5) 15.7 (13.5–18.0)
Grade
9 49.7 (44.7–54.7) 31.3 (27.9–35.0) 40.0 (36.4–43.8) 9.9 (7.8–12.6) 18.5 (16.2–21.2) 14.4 (12.5–16.6)
10 51.4 (46.8–56.0) 31.2 (26.4–36.4) 41.6 (37.3–46.1) 9.6 (7.6–12.1) 20.5 (17.3–24.1) 14.9 (12.6–17.6)
11 53.4 (48.0–58.7) 29.8 (25.3–34.6) 41.5 (36.8–46.3) 9.0 (6.4–12.4) 21.1 (18.4–24.1) 15.3 (12.8–18.1)
12 57.1 (53.0–61.1) 36.9 (28.7–45.9) 46.8 (42.0–51.6) 6.5 (4.7–9.1) 14.5 (10.9–18.9) 10.6 (8.2–13.4)
Total 52.7 (48.9–56.6) 32.3 (29.9–34.7) 42.4 (39.5–45.4) 8.8 (7.1–11.0) 18.7 (16.9–20.7) 13.8 (12.1–15.8)

*Not counting low calorie sports drinks.
During the 7 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 100. Percentage of high school students who drank a can, bottle, or glass of a sports drink* two or more times/day and who drank a can, bottle, or glass of a sports drink* three or more times/day, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Drank sports drinks two or more times/day Drank sports drinks three or more times/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White 3.5 (2.5–5.1) 9.0 (7.5–10.8) 6.3 (5.0–7.9) 1.9 (1.1–3.2) 4.3 (3.1–5.9) 3.1 (2.3–4.3)
Black 10.1 (7.5–13.5) 21.4 (16.0–28.0) 15.8 (13.2–18.7) 5.1 (3.6–7.3) 13.1 (8.7–19.1) 9.2 (6.9–12.1)
Hispanic 7.9 (6.2–9.9) 13.0 (10.9–15.3) 10.5 (8.9–12.3) 5.4 (3.9–7.5) 8.7 (7.1–10.7) 7.1 (5.8–8.7)
Grade
9 5.4 (3.9–7.5) 10.6 (8.6–12.9) 8.1 (6.7–9.9) 3.3 (2.3–4.7) 5.0 (3.5–7.1) 4.2 (3.1–5.6)
10 5.8 (4.5–7.4) 12.8 (10.3–15.9) 9.2 (7.7–11.1) 3.4 (2.2–5.3) 8.3 (6.4–10.6) 5.8 (4.5–7.5)
11 5.9 (4.1–8.4) 12.4 (10.4–14.7) 9.3 (7.6–11.3) 3.6 (2.4–5.4) 6.6 (5.0–8.8) 5.2 (3.9–6.8)
12 4.1 (2.8–6.0) 9.0 (6.6–12.1) 6.6 (5.0–8.6) 2.1 (1.3–3.6) 5.5 (3.8–7.9) 3.8 (2.8–5.3)
Total 5.4 (4.3–6.7) 11.2 (9.7–13.0) 8.3 (7.1–9.8) 3.1 (2.4–4.2) 6.3 (5.0–7.9) 4.8 (3.9–5.9)

*Not counting low calorie sports drinks.
During the 7 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 101. Percentage of high school students who did not drink water* and who drank one or more glasses/day of water,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Did not drink water Drank one or more glasses/day of water
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 2.5 (1.6–3.8) 2.9 (2.0–4.2) 2.7 (2.0–3.7) 77.2 (72.8–81.0) 76.4 (73.0–79.6) 76.6 (73.2–79.7)
Black§ 9.0 (6.1–13.2) 7.8 (5.1–11.8) 8.7 (6.4–11.7) 58.4 (50.5–65.9) 62.0 (56.3–67.3) 60.2 (54.8–65.2)
Hispanic 2.8 (2.0–3.8) 3.8 (2.7–5.3) 3.3 (2.5–4.3) 70.6 (67.5–73.6) 72.5 (69.3–75.4) 71.6 (69.4–73.7)
Grade
9 2.9 (1.9–4.4) 4.1 (2.7–6.3) 3.7 (2.7–5.0) 70.9 (66.5–74.9) 71.6 (67.2–75.6) 71.2 (67.3–74.8)
10 4.4 (2.9–6.5) 2.7 (1.8–4.1) 3.6 (2.6–5.0) 71.8 (67.8–75.5) 75.1 (71.4–78.5) 73.4 (70.3–76.2)
11 2.0 (1.2–3.4) 3.1 (1.9–5.1) 2.7 (1.9–3.9) 76.0 (72.1–79.6) 74.7 (70.0–78.9) 75.0 (71.4–78.4)
12 3.5 (2.2–5.4) 4.1 (2.5–6.7) 3.9 (2.6–5.8) 75.4 (69.4–80.5) 75.3 (72.1–78.2) 75.3 (72.0–78.4)
Total 3.3 (2.4–4.3) 3.5 (2.7–4.7) 3.5 (2.8–4.3) 73.4 (70.0–76.6) 74.1 (71.5–76.5) 73.6 (70.9–76.2)

*During the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 102. Percentage of high school students who drank two or more glasses/day of water* and who drank three or more glasses/day of water,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Drank two or more glasses/day of water Drank three or more glasses/day of water
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 65.7 (61.4–69.8) 67.2 (63.8–70.4) 66.3 (63.0–69.5) 49.7 (45.7–53.6) 50.5 (47.5–53.5) 49.9 (47.3–52.6)
Black§ 47.4 (40.4–54.4) 54.1 (47.4–60.7) 50.8 (46.1–55.4) 35.7 (31.1–40.6) 42.2 (34.3–50.6) 39.1 (34.2–44.3)
Hispanic 62.7 (59.8–65.4) 64.7 (61.1–68.0) 63.7 (61.3–66.1) 47.9 (44.8–50.9) 52.5 (49.0–56.0) 50.3 (47.6–53.0)
Grade
9 61.3 (57.5–64.9) 61.7 (57.8–65.5) 61.3 (58.3–64.3) 47.4 (44.2–50.6) 50.8 (46.2–55.3) 49.0 (45.8–52.3)
10 60.6 (57.0–64.0) 67.5 (63.7–71.1) 63.9 (61.1–66.7) 46.1 (42.9–49.4) 49.1 (46.2–52.0) 47.6 (45.3–49.9)
11 66.1 (62.3–69.7) 66.1 (62.1–69.8) 65.8 (62.7–68.9) 51.4 (46.9–55.9) 50.2 (45.7–54.7) 50.6 (47.0–54.2)
12 65.4 (59.0–71.4) 67.6 (63.8–71.2) 66.6 (62.7–70.2) 47.9 (43.4–52.4) 53.6 (48.7–58.4) 50.7 (47.3–54.1)
Total 63.2 (60.0–66.4) 65.6 (63.2–67.8) 64.3 (61.8–66.7) 48.1 (45.6–50.6) 51.0 (48.7–53.2) 49.5 (47.5–51.5)

*During the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 103. Percentage of high school students who did not eat breakfast* and who ate breakfast on all 7 days,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Did not eat breakfast Ate breakfast on all 7 days
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 12.5 (10.2–15.3) 11.3 (9.0–14.0) 12.0 (10.1–14.3) 34.8 (29.7–40.3) 43.3 (39.3–47.4) 39.0 (34.9–43.3)
Black§ 19.3 (14.6–25.2) 16.8 (12.9–21.6) 18.0 (15.5–20.7) 24.7 (19.3–30.9) 30.8 (25.8–36.2) 27.9 (23.5–32.7)
Hispanic 15.5 (13.3–18.0) 13.8 (11.5–16.5) 14.7 (12.8–16.9) 30.1 (27.5–32.8) 39.5 (36.2–42.8) 34.8 (32.5–37.2)
Grade
9 14.8 (12.5–17.6) 10.9 (8.9–13.2) 12.8 (10.9–14.8) 31.9 (27.3–36.8) 46.6 (42.6–50.7) 39.6 (35.6–43.7)
10 15.5 (12.8–18.6) 13.6 (10.6–17.2) 14.5 (12.2–17.1) 31.1 (27.9–34.6) 42.3 (38.4–46.4) 36.6 (33.6–39.8)
11 12.7 (10.4–15.5) 14.2 (11.6–17.1) 13.8 (11.8–16.0) 32.4 (28.0–37.1) 37.1 (34.3–40.1) 34.6 (31.6–37.7)
12 13.3 (10.7–16.5) 14.8 (11.8–18.4) 14.3 (12.2–16.6) 32.9 (28.4–37.8) 34.7 (30.9–38.9) 33.8 (30.8–37.0)
Total 14.2 (12.5–16.2) 13.3 (11.6–15.3) 13.8 (12.4–15.4) 32.1 (28.9–35.4) 40.5 (37.9–43.2) 36.3 (33.7–39.1)

*During the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 104. Percentage of high school students who did not eat breakfast* and who ate breakfast on all 7 days,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Did not eat breakfast Ate breakfast on all 7 days
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 13.4 (10.3–17.2) 17.5 (14.1–21.6) 15.5 (12.7–18.7) 25.6 (21.6–30.2) 35.7 (31.0–40.7) 30.5 (26.9–34.3)
Alaska §
Arizona 15.5 (12.6–18.9) 15.0 (13.0–17.4) 15.2 (13.7–16.8) 32.6 (27.8–37.9) 38.6 (34.3–43.1) 35.6 (32.0–39.3)
Arkansas 15.8 (11.6–21.2) 17.4 (15.5–19.5) 16.6 (14.2–19.3) 29.7 (26.2–33.5) 33.1 (27.5–39.2) 31.3 (27.5–35.3)
California 11.5 (8.8–14.8) 9.3 (7.2–11.8) 10.3 (8.5–12.5) 38.2 (34.9–41.7) 45.9 (38.3–53.7) 42.1 (37.2–47.2)
Connecticut 12.6 (10.2–15.4) 14.1 (11.2–17.6) 13.4 (11.3–15.8) 34.8 (30.5–39.3) 40.1 (36.1–44.2) 37.4 (33.8–41.1)
Delaware 13.5 (10.5–17.1) 12.4 (10.3–14.9) 13.0 (11.2–15.1) 35.4 (31.2–40.0) 42.6 (39.3–46.1) 39.0 (35.9–42.1)
Florida 15.4 (14.1–16.9) 14.3 (13.1–15.6) 15.0 (13.9–16.1) 34.8 (32.9–36.7) 44.0 (41.4–46.5) 39.4 (37.6–41.2)
Hawaii 10.9 (9.3–12.6) 13.4 (11.6–15.3) 12.1 (11.0–13.4) 34.0 (31.1–37.0) 38.4 (36.3–40.5) 36.0 (34.0–38.0)
Idaho 12.0 (9.5–15.0) 9.7 (7.4–12.6) 10.9 (8.9–13.2) 35.0 (32.2–38.0) 41.9 (38.6–45.3) 38.5 (36.1–41.0)
Illinois 14.1 (11.0–17.8) 18.8 (14.5–24.0) 16.4 (13.4–20.0) 32.3 (26.4–38.9) 33.6 (28.0–39.7) 32.9 (28.7–37.4)
Indiana 15.1 (11.7–19.4) 14.8 (10.0–21.4) 15.0 (11.2–19.7) 27.7 (23.8–31.8) 32.5 (27.8–37.4) 30.1 (26.8–33.6)
Kentucky 12.4 (9.7–15.6) 13.0 (10.8–15.5) 12.6 (11.0–14.5) 32.2 (27.8–37.0) 37.3 (33.0–41.9) 34.8 (31.9–37.8)
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts 14.3 (12.1–16.9) 12.9 (11.0–15.0) 13.7 (12.0–15.5) 34.0 (30.7–37.4) 35.8 (32.7–39.0) 34.9 (32.5–37.4)
Michigan 14.5 (11.7–17.9) 19.2 (15.9–23.0) 16.8 (14.2–19.9) 31.0 (24.9–37.9) 33.8 (29.3–38.6) 32.5 (27.9–37.4)
Mississippi 20.3 (17.0–24.1) 18.7 (16.1–21.6) 19.8 (17.4–22.3) 23.5 (20.3–27.0) 30.0 (26.9–33.4) 26.6 (24.3–29.1)
Missouri 15.5 (12.5–19.0) 15.6 (11.8–20.2) 15.5 (12.6–18.9) 30.5 (24.3–37.5) 31.7 (27.4–36.4) 30.9 (26.3–35.9)
Montana 11.5 (10.2–13.0) 13.4 (11.7–15.3) 12.5 (11.4–13.8) 36.0 (33.4–38.7) 40.4 (37.9–42.8) 38.2 (36.3–40.2)
Nebraska 13.3 (10.6–16.6) 13.3 (10.8–16.3) 13.3 (11.4–15.4) 33.9 (30.4–37.5) 38.8 (35.3–42.5) 36.2 (33.5–39.1)
Nevada 16.8 (13.7–20.3) 16.3 (13.9–19.1) 16.8 (14.7–19.0) 30.8 (26.8–35.1) 36.5 (32.0–41.3) 33.6 (30.3–37.0)
New Hampshire
New Mexico 15.1 (13.6–16.7) 13.9 (12.7–15.2) 14.6 (13.6–15.7) 30.2 (27.1–33.5) 37.6 (35.6–39.7) 33.9 (31.8–36.1)
New York 14.7 (12.7–17.0) 20.3 (17.2–23.8) 17.4 (15.2–19.8) 34.0 (31.2–36.8) 35.6 (31.9–39.5) 34.6 (32.1–37.3)
North Carolina 13.6 (10.2–17.9) 14.0 (10.8–18.1) 14.1 (11.7–16.9) 31.1 (27.5–34.9) 40.2 (37.3–43.1) 35.5 (32.7–38.3)
North Dakota 10.0 (8.2–12.0) 13.8 (11.5–16.4) 11.9 (10.4–13.7) 38.4 (35.0–41.8) 36.9 (34.1–39.7) 37.6 (35.2–40.1)
Oklahoma 15.5 (12.6–18.9) 17.7 (14.1–22.0) 16.5 (13.7–19.6) 28.2 (24.6–32.1) 33.6 (29.8–37.6) 30.7 (27.7–33.9)
Pennsylvania 14.3 (12.1–16.8) 13.5 (11.5–15.8) 13.9 (12.3–15.7) 31.4 (27.7–35.3) 39.1 (34.4–44.0) 35.2 (31.6–39.1)
Rhode Island 14.8 (11.3–19.1) 14.7 (11.7–18.3) 14.9 (12.0–18.3) 32.2 (27.1–37.7) 35.2 (30.5–40.2) 33.7 (29.2–38.5)
South Carolina 22.2 (18.6–26.1) 17.8 (13.7–22.7) 20.1 (17.0–23.6) 25.3 (21.2–30.0) 34.1 (29.1–39.4) 29.5 (25.7–33.7)
South Dakota 15.0 (11.1–19.9) 13.3 (8.8–19.6) 14.2 (11.1–18.0) 31.5 (26.7–36.8) 36.0 (30.5–41.9) 33.8 (30.2–37.6)
Tennessee 15.7 (14.0–17.6) 13.6 (11.8–15.7) 14.6 (13.0–16.4) 30.8 (27.4–34.5) 39.9 (37.4–42.4) 35.4 (33.0–38.0)
Vermont 10.8 (10.2–11.4) 10.9 (10.3–11.5) 10.9 (10.5–11.3) 38.1 (37.2–39.0) 42.9 (42.0–43.9) 40.5 (39.8–41.1)
Virginia 14.9 (12.5–17.6) 13.3 (11.4–15.6) 14.1 (12.4–16.0) 32.7 (29.3–36.3) 42.5 (39.4–45.7) 37.7 (35.1–40.4)
West Virginia 15.2 (12.0–19.1) 14.3 (12.2–16.8) 14.8 (12.3–17.6) 29.5 (26.5–32.7) 38.7 (34.7–42.9) 34.3 (31.7–36.9)
Wyoming 13.7 (11.0–17.0) 15.6 (13.1–18.5) 14.7 (12.5–17.3) 31.9 (28.7–35.4) 37.5 (34.8–40.2) 34.6 (32.2–37.2)
Median 14.5 14.1 14.6 32.2 37.5 34.8
Range (10.0–22.2) (9.3–20.3) (10.3–20.1) (23.5–38.4) (30.0–45.9) (26.6–42.1)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 21.2 (17.5–25.6) 19.3 (14.4–25.4) 20.6 (17.8–23.8) 23.1 (18.7–28.3) 24.1 (19.6–29.4) 23.2 (19.9–26.9)
Boston, MA 14.3 (11.9–17.0) 15.1 (12.2–18.5) 14.6 (12.6–16.9) 27.2 (24.1–30.4) 35.1 (30.6–40.0) 31.1 (28.6–33.7)
Broward County, FL 15.3 (12.4–18.7) 16.6 (13.1–20.9) 16.0 (13.6–18.7) 31.4 (27.6–35.4) 31.9 (27.1–37.0) 31.5 (28.3–34.8)
Cleveland, OH 23.2 (20.0–26.7) 23.5 (20.1–27.2) 23.8 (21.2–26.6) 16.9 (14.3–19.9) 22.7 (19.6–26.2) 19.7 (17.5–22.1)
DeKalb County, GA 16.7 (14.0–19.9) 17.6 (14.5–21.2) 17.1 (15.1–19.4) 26.8 (23.5–30.4) 31.8 (27.9–36.1) 29.3 (26.2–32.6)
Detroit, MI 20.8 (17.7–24.2) 22.9 (17.8–28.8) 21.7 (18.8–24.9) 13.7 (10.9–17.0) 19.4 (15.9–23.5) 16.4 (14.1–18.9)
District of Columbia 17.4 (16.2–18.5) 16.9 (15.7–18.2) 17.2 (16.4–18.1) 21.2 (20.0–22.4) 28.4 (27.0–29.9) 24.6 (23.6–25.5)
Duval County, FL
Ft. Worth, TX 17.5 (15.1–20.2) 18.3 (16.1–20.8) 17.8 (16.1–19.6) 28.7 (25.9–31.7) 33.1 (30.2–36.2) 31.0 (28.8–33.3)
Houston, TX 18.1 (16.1–20.4) 19.9 (17.6–22.3) 19.2 (17.6–20.9) 27.9 (25.3–30.8) 28.9 (26.3–31.7) 28.3 (26.3–30.4)
Los Angeles, CA 13.1 (10.8–15.8) 10.6 (8.5–13.2) 11.8 (10.6–13.2) 35.7 (32.9–38.7) 41.3 (38.2–44.4) 38.4 (36.3–40.6)
Miami-Dade County, FL 12.1 (10.1–14.4) 11.0 (9.4–12.8) 11.6 (10.3–13.1) 39.2 (35.4–43.2) 50.0 (46.7–53.3) 44.6 (42.1–47.1)
New York City, NY 15.4 (13.5–17.6) 15.1 (13.6–16.7) 15.3 (14.1–16.6) 31.9 (28.7–35.2) 38.4 (36.1–40.8) 35.0 (32.5–37.6)
Oakland, CA 15.9 (12.9–19.5) 19.0 (16.0–22.3) 17.6 (15.4–20.0) 27.6 (24.2–31.3) 30.5 (27.1–34.0) 28.9 (26.4–31.6)
Orange County, FL 12.6 (10.2–15.3) 13.8 (11.4–16.6) 13.1 (11.4–15.0) 34.0 (29.7–38.5) 44.6 (39.9–49.3) 39.2 (35.7–42.8)
Palm Beach County, FL 15.5 (13.6–17.6) 15.6 (13.0–18.6) 15.7 (14.0–17.7) 33.8 (30.9–36.9) 37.5 (34.1–41.1) 35.5 (33.3–37.7)
Philadelphia, PA 18.1 (14.6–22.2) 15.7 (12.2–19.9) 16.9 (15.0–19.0) 22.7 (19.2–26.7) 30.4 (26.7–34.3) 26.3 (23.4–29.4)
San Diego, CA 11.5 (9.5–13.9) 14.1 (12.2–16.1) 12.8 (11.3–14.5) 34.9 (31.1–38.9) 39.2 (35.5–43.1) 37.1 (34.5–39.7)
San Francisco, CA 12.6 (10.2–15.5) 13.4 (10.6–16.7) 13.4 (11.4–15.6) 35.4 (31.8–39.1) 45.5 (40.9–50.1) 40.4 (37.3–43.6)
Median 15.7 16.1 16.4 28.3 32.5 31.0
Range (11.5–23.2) (10.6–23.5) (11.6–23.8) (13.7–39.2) (19.4–50.0) (16.4–44.6)

*During the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 105. Percentage of high school students who did not participate in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on at least 1 day* and who were physically active at least 60 minutes/day on 5 or more days,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Did not participate in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on at least 1 day Physically active at least 60 minutes/day on 5 or more days
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 14.3 (11.5–17.6) 8.8 (7.1–11.0) 11.6 (9.7–13.8) 43.5 (38.8–48.2) 62.0 (58.5–65.4) 52.7 (49.3–56.2)
Black§ 25.2 (21.3–29.6) 16.2 (12.1–21.4) 20.4 (16.9–24.5) 33.4 (28.4–38.8) 52.2 (46.1–58.2) 43.5 (38.9–48.2)
Hispanic 19.2 (17.3–21.2) 11.9 (9.5–14.8) 15.6 (13.7–17.6) 33.1 (29.5–37.0) 53.5 (50.9–56.2) 43.4 (40.7–46.2)
Grade
9 14.7 (12.3–17.5) 9.5 (7.0–12.6) 12.0 (10.1–14.1) 43.9 (38.9–48.9) 62.3 (58.5–66.1) 53.7 (49.9–57.4)
10 15.8 (13.0–19.1) 10.4 (8.0–13.5) 13.1 (10.8–15.8) 41.9 (36.7–47.2) 58.7 (54.1–63.1) 50.2 (46.1–54.2)
11 18.2 (15.8–20.8) 12.4 (9.8–15.6) 15.5 (13.5–17.8) 36.6 (32.6–40.8) 56.3 (52.0–60.6) 46.5 (43.2–49.9)
12 21.4 (18.4–24.9) 12.4 (9.6–15.9) 16.9 (14.6–19.4) 33.4 (29.5–37.6) 53.3 (47.8–58.8) 43.5 (40.2–46.8)
Total 17.5 (15.6–19.5) 11.1 (9.5–12.9) 14.3 (12.9–15.8) 39.1 (35.5–42.8) 57.8 (55.0–60.5) 48.6 (46.0–51.2)

*Doing any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time during the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.
NOTE: Because of changes in question context starting in 2011, national YRBS prevalence estimates derived from the 60 minutes of physical activity question in 2011, 2013, and 2015 are not comparable to those reported in 2009 or earlier. On the 2005–2009 national YRBS questionnaire, physical activity was assessed with three questions (in the following order) that asked the number of days students participated in 1) at least 20 minutes of vigorous physical activity; 2) at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity; and 3) at least 60 minutes of aerobic (moderate and vigorous) physical activity. On the 2011, 2013, and 2015 national YRBS questionnaires, only the 60 minutes of aerobic physical activity question was included.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 106. Percentage of high school students who did not participate in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on at least 1 day* and who were physically active at least 60 minutes/day on 5 or more days,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Did not participate in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on at least 1 day Physically active at least 60 minutes/day on 5 or more days
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 21.0 (16.7–26.0) 14.4 (11.7–17.5) 17.5 (14.8–20.7) 31.1 (27.0–35.6) 51.6 (47.1–56.2) 41.3 (37.4–45.3)
Alaska 18.4 (15.6–21.6) 14.0 (11.3–17.2) 16.1 (14.1–18.4) 38.8 (35.0–42.6) 49.3 (45.6–53.0) 44.2 (41.4–47.0)
Arizona 17.3 (13.9–21.2) 14.5 (11.3–18.3) 15.9 (13.8–18.3) 40.0 (35.1–45.0) 52.7 (46.5–58.8) 46.4 (41.5–51.4)
Arkansas 24.9 (21.3–28.9) 15.1 (12.6–18.0) 20.0 (17.9–22.2) 35.0 (29.6–40.7) 51.9 (45.2–58.5) 43.3 (39.8–46.7)
California 14.7 (11.7–18.3) 11.5 (7.8–16.7) 13.1 (10.9–15.7) 41.4 (37.9–45.1) 55.0 (50.7–59.2) 48.1 (45.2–51.0)
Connecticut 16.9 (14.1–20.1) 11.7 (9.3–14.6) 14.3 (12.0–16.9) 39.9 (34.7–45.3) 50.8 (45.2–56.3) 45.3 (41.4–49.3)
Delaware 22.9 (20.1–25.9) 14.1 (11.2–17.6) 18.5 (16.5–20.7) 33.3 (30.2–36.6) 53.1 (49.1–57.1) 43.3 (40.5–46.2)
Florida 24.7 (22.4–27.1) 15.1 (13.5–16.8) 19.9 (18.4–21.5) 30.6 (28.4–32.9) 53.1 (50.2–55.9) 41.9 (39.9–43.9)
Hawaii 21.4 (18.1–25.1) 14.5 (12.8–16.3) 18.0 (15.9–20.3) 30.7 (27.8–33.8) 45.8 (43.2–48.3) 38.1 (36.3–40.0)
Idaho 14.7 (11.8–18.2) 9.0 (6.5–12.2) 11.7 (9.6–14.3) 43.6 (38.8–48.4) 62.3 (55.9–68.3) 53.1 (48.9–57.4)
Illinois 14.3 (11.4–17.7) 13.6 (11.6–15.8) 13.9 (12.2–15.9) 42.5 (36.9–48.2) 56.7 (52.0–61.4) 49.6 (46.2–53.0)
Indiana 17.8 (14.5–21.6) 12.9 (9.4–17.4) 15.4 (12.6–18.6) 38.5 (34.8–42.2) 54.5 (48.7–60.2) 46.5 (42.6–50.5)
Kentucky 18.8 (16.9–20.8) 13.9 (11.8–16.2) 16.5 (15.1–17.9) 29.9 (25.7–34.5) 44.1 (38.2–50.1) 37.0 (32.9–41.4)
Maine 18.1 (16.8–19.6) 13.6 (12.5–14.8) 15.9 (15.0–16.8) 34.9 (32.9–37.0) 47.4 (45.1–49.8) 41.2 (39.6–42.8)
Maryland 22.8 (22.1–23.6) 16.6 (16.0–17.3) 19.8 (19.2–20.4) 30.1 (29.3–30.9) 44.0 (42.8–45.2) 36.9 (36.1–37.7)
Massachusetts 18.0 (14.7–21.9) 12.0 (9.9–14.6) 15.1 (12.7–17.8) 37.4 (32.6–42.5) 52.9 (49.0–56.8) 45.2 (41.2–49.3)
Michigan 18.5 (14.7–23.0) 13.4 (10.8–16.5) 15.9 (13.4–18.8) 42.0 (34.9–49.4) 50.1 (44.5–55.7) 46.0 (39.9–52.1)
Mississippi 26.6 (24.3–29.0) 19.0 (16.3–22.1) 22.9 (20.9–24.9) 23.5 (19.8–27.6) 45.1 (40.4–50.0) 34.2 (30.7–37.8)
Missouri 18.8 (15.2–23.1) 13.5 (10.4–17.2) 16.4 (14.2–18.8) 40.1 (36.0–44.3) 51.9 (45.9–57.8) 45.7 (41.6–49.8)
Montana 12.3 (10.9–13.9) 9.2 (7.8–10.7) 10.7 (9.7–11.8) 47.6 (44.8–50.3) 60.1 (57.7–62.5) 54.0 (52.3–55.7)
Nebraska 15.7 (12.9–18.9) 12.7 (9.8–16.3) 14.1 (11.9–16.6) 46.3 (41.6–51.1) 59.0 (54.5–63.3) 52.8 (48.8–56.7)
Nevada 16.4 (13.2–20.1) 9.4 (7.4–11.8) 13.0 (11.4–14.7) 42.4 (37.4–47.6) 58.9 (53.6–64.1) 50.6 (47.1–54.1)
New Hampshire 15.1 (13.8–16.5) 12.2 (11.1–13.4) 13.6 (12.7–14.5) 40.7 (37.9–43.6) 52.9 (51.2–54.6) 46.9 (45.1–48.7)
New Mexico 18.1 (16.5–19.8) 11.0 (9.8–12.4) 14.6 (13.5–15.7) 44.3 (41.5–47.0) 60.1 (57.3–62.7) 52.2 (49.9–54.4)
New York 19.8 (17.6–22.1) 17.6 (14.8–20.9) 18.8 (16.6–21.2) 37.3 (33.0–41.8) 46.8 (42.8–50.8) 41.8 (38.4–45.3)
North Carolina 21.6 (19.4–24.0) 13.5 (11.7–15.5) 17.6 (16.2–19.1) 33.7 (31.2–36.2) 53.1 (48.9–57.1) 43.4 (40.7–46.1)
North Dakota 13.5 (11.1–16.2) 10.9 (9.0–13.1) 12.1 (10.7–13.8) 42.9 (39.5–46.3) 59.3 (55.9–62.6) 51.3 (48.7–53.8)
Oklahoma 17.1 (13.8–20.9) 7.7 (5.9–10.0) 12.4 (10.3–14.8) 43.9 (40.4–47.5) 64.2 (60.3–67.9) 54.0 (51.0–56.9)
Pennsylvania 18.5 (15.5–22.1) 12.5 (10.5–14.8) 15.5 (13.4–17.8) 37.4 (34.3–40.6) 53.8 (49.7–58.0) 45.6 (42.5–48.8)
Rhode Island 17.5 (12.7–23.6) 14.4 (12.6–16.4) 16.0 (12.9–19.7) 35.0 (29.4–41.2) 52.2 (47.0–57.3) 43.7 (38.3–49.3)
South Carolina 26.8 (23.2–30.7) 14.3 (10.6–19.0) 20.6 (17.3–24.3) 31.4 (26.9–36.3) 53.7 (47.1–60.1) 42.3 (37.9–46.9)
South Dakota 16.4 (13.3–20.2) 12.9 (9.0–18.1) 14.7 (11.8–18.1) 37.8 (33.0–42.9) 56.4 (49.3–63.3) 47.4 (43.9–50.9)
Tennessee 21.2 (19.0–23.5) 15.2 (13.7–16.9) 18.2 (16.7–19.7) 33.8 (31.1–36.6) 51.3 (48.6–54.1) 42.7 (40.6–44.9)
Vermont 16.9 (16.2–17.7) 11.8 (11.1–12.4) 14.4 (13.9–14.9) 38.3 (37.4–39.3) 53.3 (52.3–54.3) 45.8 (45.2–46.5)
Virginia 21.6 (18.6–24.9) 12.5 (10.5–14.7) 16.9 (15.0–19.0) 35.6 (32.2–39.0) 54.2 (50.6–57.8) 45.2 (42.2–48.2)
West Virginia 18.8 (15.7–22.4) 15.5 (12.8–18.8) 17.2 (14.8–19.8) 39.2 (35.8–42.7) 50.4 (44.7–56.1) 44.9 (41.5–48.3)
Wyoming 14.3 (11.4–17.8) 11.9 (9.8–14.2) 13.0 (11.1–15.2) 43.7 (39.4–48.1) 57.4 (53.2–61.6) 50.7 (47.3–54.1)
Median 18.1 13.5 15.9 38.3 53.1 45.3
Range (12.3–26.8) (7.7–19.0) (10.7–22.9) (23.5–47.6) (44.0–64.2) (34.2–54.0)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 28.5 (22.9–34.9) 18.0 (14.3–22.4) 23.3 (19.5–27.5) 32.1 (26.4–38.4) 41.8 (35.5–48.2) 36.7 (32.3–41.4)
Boston, MA 29.5 (26.2–33.1) 21.0 (18.0–24.2) 25.4 (22.9–28.1) 22.0 (19.2–25.2) 38.0 (34.3–41.8) 30.1 (27.4–32.9)
Broward County, FL 29.6 (25.4–34.2) 19.3 (16.1–23.0) 24.4 (21.3–27.8) 25.5 (21.9–29.4) 41.9 (37.1–46.9) 33.8 (30.9–36.9)
Cleveland, OH 36.3 (31.6–41.3) 24.1 (20.3–28.4) 30.1 (27.1–33.3) 24.3 (21.2–27.7) 32.5 (28.2–37.2) 28.3 (25.2–31.5)
DeKalb County, GA 25.9 (22.5–29.6) 17.4 (14.3–21.1) 21.6 (19.5–23.9) 32.0 (28.4–35.8) 49.1 (45.7–52.5) 40.4 (37.9–43.1)
Detroit, MI 27.8 (25.1–30.6) 20.9 (17.2–25.2) 24.7 (22.3–27.2) 25.8 (22.0–30.0) 30.9 (26.9–35.3) 28.1 (25.1–31.2)
District of Columbia 29.5 (28.2–30.9) 21.5 (20.1–22.9) 25.7 (24.8–26.7) 24.8 (23.6–26.1) 37.0 (35.4–38.6) 30.5 (29.5–31.5)
Duval County, FL 27.7 (25.2–30.3) 21.2 (18.6–24.0) 24.7 (22.9–26.7) 23.7 (21.5–26.0) 36.4 (33.4–39.5) 29.5 (27.6–31.5)
Ft. Worth, TX 19.8 (17.3–22.6) 12.0 (9.8–14.5) 15.8 (13.9–17.9) 32.9 (29.9–36.0) 51.1 (47.6–54.7) 42.0 (39.6–44.5)
Houston, TX 25.2 (22.5–28.1) 18.1 (16.1–20.4) 21.6 (19.7–23.7) 27.7 (23.5–32.4) 40.7 (37.9–43.6) 34.3 (31.4–37.2)
Los Angeles, CA 16.1 (13.2–19.5) 12.0 (10.1–14.2) 14.1 (12.2–16.2) 39.1 (35.0–43.4) 54.6 (50.0–59.2) 46.6 (42.9–50.4)
Miami-Dade County, FL 25.6 (22.3–29.3) 13.6 (11.4–16.2) 19.8 (17.6–22.2) 27.1 (23.9–30.5) 45.2 (41.9–48.5) 36.1 (33.8–38.4)
New York City, NY 24.3 (21.6–27.2) 16.3 (14.6–18.2) 20.5 (18.7–22.3) 32.3 (27.7–37.1) 45.7 (43.4–48.0) 38.7 (36.1–41.4)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 22.4 (19.5–25.7) 15.3 (12.6–18.5) 19.1 (17.0–21.4) 31.3 (27.4–35.6) 49.8 (45.7–54.0) 40.5 (37.6–43.5)
Palm Beach County, FL 26.2 (22.9–29.8) 16.5 (14.2–19.1) 21.4 (19.3–23.8) 26.5 (23.3–29.9) 46.4 (43.2–49.7) 36.2 (33.7–38.9)
Philadelphia, PA 28.4 (23.9–33.3) 20.0 (17.7–22.5) 24.3 (21.7–27.2) 26.3 (22.9–30.2) 40.0 (35.3–44.9) 32.9 (30.0–35.9)
San Diego, CA 15.6 (12.8–18.9) 10.9 (9.3–12.8) 13.2 (11.6–15.0) 42.6 (38.0–47.4) 59.0 (55.4–62.5) 51.1 (47.5–54.6)
San Francisco, CA 20.0 (16.0–24.8) 16.0 (13.1–19.5) 18.2 (15.5–21.3) 40.3 (35.3–45.4) 46.7 (41.4–52.0) 43.2 (39.0–47.5)
Median 26.0 17.7 21.6 27.4 43.5 36.1
Range (15.6–36.3) (10.9–24.1) (13.2–30.1) (22.0–42.6) (30.9–59.0) (28.1–51.1)

*Doing any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time during the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 107. Percentage of high school students who were physically active at least 60 minutes/day on all 7 days* and who participated in muscle strengthening activities on 3 or more days, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Physically active at least 60 minutes/day on all 7 days Participated in muscle strengthening activities
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White 19.5 (17.6–21.6) 38.5 (35.1–42.0) 29.0 (26.6–31.6) 46.1 (41.8–50.3) 63.0 (59.6–66.3) 54.5 (51.4–57.7)
Black 16.6 (12.4–21.9) 30.8 (25.8–36.3) 24.2 (20.4–28.3) 34.5 (28.4–41.1) 69.8 (63.1–75.6) 52.3 (48.0–56.6)
Hispanic 14.7 (11.8–18.1) 34.2 (31.5–37.1) 24.6 (22.1–27.3) 39.9 (35.5–44.5) 64.4 (60.9–67.7) 52.4 (49.3–55.4)
Grade
9 20.9 (18.5–23.5) 40.1 (36.5–43.8) 31.0 (28.5–33.7) 48.2 (43.7–52.8) 64.9 (60.9–68.7) 56.9 (53.3–60.4)
10 19.0 (16.3–22.1) 36.7 (33.3–40.2) 27.8 (25.4–30.4) 43.0 (39.1–47.0) 67.3 (63.2–71.2) 54.9 (51.8–58.0)
11 16.0 (14.3–18.0) 34.3 (30.6–38.2) 25.3 (23.1–27.6) 39.3 (35.1–43.7) 62.5 (59.0–65.8) 51.1 (48.0–54.2)
12 14.3 (12.0–17.0) 32.6 (27.4–38.4) 23.5 (20.6–26.8) 39.9 (34.1–45.9) 59.9 (55.9–63.9) 50.0 (46.3–53.7)
Total 17.7 (16.2–19.2) 36.0 (33.6–38.5) 27.1 (25.4–28.8) 42.7 (39.5–46.0) 63.7 (61.2–66.1) 53.4 (51.1–55.6)

*Doing any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time during the 7 days before the survey.
Such as, push-ups, sit-ups, or weight lifting, during the 7 days before the survey.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.
NOTE: Because of changes in question context starting in 2011, national YRBS prevalence estimates derived from the 60 minutes of physical activity question in 2011, 2013, and 2015 are not comparable to those reported in 2009 or earlier. On the 2005–2009 national YRBS questionnaire, physical activity was assessed with three questions (in the following order) that asked the number of days students participated in 1) at least 20 minutes of vigorous physical activity; 2) at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity; and 3) at least 60 minutes of aerobic (moderate and vigorous) physical activity. On the 2011, 2013, and 2015 national YRBS questionnaires, only the 60 minutes of aerobic physical activity question was included.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 108. Percentage of high school students who were physically active at least 60 minutes/day on all 7 days,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 15.2 (12.0–19.2) 35.5 (31.4–39.9) 25.4 (22.3–28.7)
Alaska 17.0 (14.5–19.7) 24.7 (21.5–28.3) 20.9 (18.8–23.3)
Arizona 19.3 (16.9–21.9) 32.1 (27.4–37.2) 26.0 (22.7–29.5)
Arkansas 20.7 (17.1–24.9) 36.7 (31.9–41.8) 28.6 (25.5–31.8)
California 18.9 (16.2–21.8) 31.8 (27.0–37.1) 25.3 (21.7–29.2)
Connecticut 18.1 (15.4–21.2) 32.6 (28.4–37.1) 25.3 (22.7–28.1)
Delaware 17.6 (15.1–20.4) 31.4 (28.0–35.1) 24.7 (22.5–27.0)
Florida 14.3 (12.8–15.9) 34.0 (31.7–36.4) 24.1 (22.6–25.7)
Hawaii 14.2 (12.2–16.6) 26.7 (23.7–30.0) 20.3 (18.7–21.9)
Idaho 21.1 (17.4–25.3) 37.9 (33.0–43.0) 29.6 (26.5–32.9)
Illinois 19.9 (16.1–24.2) 33.8 (29.6–38.2) 26.8 (24.2–29.6)
Indiana 16.5 (13.7–19.7) 33.8 (29.4–38.4) 25.3 (22.9–28.0)
Kentucky 12.9 (9.8–16.7) 27.3 (22.7–32.4) 20.2 (17.1–23.7)
Maine 15.6 (14.1–17.3) 27.4 (25.3–29.7) 21.6 (20.4–22.9)
Maryland 14.1 (13.6–14.7) 25.0 (24.2–25.9) 19.5 (19.0–20.0)
Massachusetts 17.6 (15.3–20.2) 30.4 (26.9–34.3) 24.1 (21.4–27.0)
Michigan 19.3 (15.7–23.5) 30.0 (25.9–34.4) 24.6 (21.1–28.6)
Mississippi 13.9 (10.8–17.7) 28.6 (25.1–32.3) 21.2 (18.6–23.9)
Missouri 19.0 (16.3–22.1) 33.5 (28.1–39.2) 26.0 (22.0–30.3)
Montana 20.7 (18.7–22.8) 36.3 (33.6–39.1) 28.7 (27.0–30.4)
Nebraska 23.6 (20.5–27.1) 35.6 (31.4–40.0) 29.7 (26.9–32.7)
Nevada 21.2 (18.3–24.3) 35.9 (31.6–40.5) 28.6 (25.8–31.5)
New Hampshire 15.1 (13.8–16.4) 29.0 (27.5–30.5) 22.3 (21.2–23.4)
New Mexico 23.4 (21.4–25.4) 38.3 (36.0–40.7) 30.9 (29.1–32.7)
New York 19.0 (16.0–22.5) 27.8 (24.2–31.7) 23.3 (20.9–25.8)
North Carolina 14.8 (12.3–17.8) 33.8 (32.3–35.4) 24.3 (22.9–25.8)
North Dakota 15.7 (13.2–18.7) 34.5 (31.4–37.9) 25.4 (23.2–27.7)
Oklahoma 21.5 (18.2–25.1) 43.6 (38.3–49.1) 32.2 (29.4–35.2)
Pennsylvania 17.3 (15.3–19.5) 32.4 (28.8–36.1) 24.8 (22.4–27.4)
Rhode Island 12.6 (10.8–14.8) 27.7 (24.5–31.2) 20.3 (18.0–22.7)
South Carolina 13.6 (10.2–17.9) 34.0 (27.5–41.2) 23.6 (20.2–27.4)
South Dakota 18.8 (15.8–22.1) 36.8 (31.2–42.9) 28.1 (24.3–32.1)
Tennessee 17.6 (15.8–19.5) 33.9 (31.5–36.3) 25.9 (24.2–27.7)
Vermont 15.6 (14.9–16.3) 30.3 (29.5–31.2) 23.1 (22.5–23.7)
Virginia 17.6 (15.6–19.8) 32.3 (29.3–35.5) 25.1 (22.9–27.5)
West Virginia 18.3 (15.2–21.8) 33.0 (29.0–37.2) 25.8 (23.2–28.5)
Wyoming 20.5 (17.7–23.5) 33.5 (30.2–36.9) 27.1 (24.8–29.6)
Median 17.6 33.0 25.3
Range (12.6–23.6) (24.7–43.6) (19.5–32.2)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 16.4 (12.3–21.7) 25.6 (20.0–32.3) 20.8 (17.1–25.0)
Boston, MA 9.6 (7.8–11.7) 21.9 (18.8–25.5) 15.9 (13.9–18.1)
Broward County, FL 11.4 (9.1–14.3) 24.1 (19.7–29.2) 17.9 (15.4–20.6)
Cleveland, OH 14.1 (11.8–16.7) 19.1 (16.0–22.6) 16.4 (14.3–18.7)
DeKalb County, GA 16.0 (13.2–19.2) 31.5 (29.0–34.2) 23.7 (21.5–25.9)
Detroit, MI 14.8 (12.3–17.7) 17.0 (13.6–21.1) 15.8 (13.5–18.3)
District of Columbia 11.7 (10.7–12.7) 20.9 (19.6–22.2) 16.0 (15.2–16.8)
Duval County, FL 11.4 (9.6–13.4) 21.2 (18.7–23.9) 15.9 (14.3–17.6)
Ft. Worth, TX 16.5 (14.4–18.9) 32.5 (29.4–35.8) 24.5 (22.5–26.7)
Houston, TX 14.7 (11.6–18.3) 24.9 (22.4–27.6) 19.8 (17.6–22.3)
Los Angeles, CA 16.5 (13.7–19.7) 30.3 (26.8–34.1) 23.2 (20.9–25.7)
Miami-Dade County, FL 12.7 (10.8–14.9) 26.7 (23.6–30.0) 19.5 (17.9–21.3)
New York City, NY 15.9 (13.7–18.4) 26.2 (23.7–28.9) 20.9 (19.4–22.5)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 13.7 (11.2–16.5) 30.5 (26.7–34.6) 22.1 (19.6–24.9)
Palm Beach County, FL 11.0 (8.8–13.7) 30.1 (27.1–33.3) 20.4 (18.3–22.7)
Philadelphia, PA 14.5 (12.3–17.0) 25.2 (22.6–27.9) 19.6 (18.0–21.3)
San Diego, CA 18.3 (15.1–22.0) 35.5 (31.3–39.8) 27.0 (23.8–30.6)
San Francisco, CA 14.4 (11.7–17.6) 22.9 (19.3–26.9) 18.6 (16.0–21.5)
Median 14.4 25.4 19.7
Range (9.6–18.3) (17.0–35.5) (15.8–27.0)

*Doing any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time during the 7 days before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 109. Percentage of high school students who played video or computer games or used a computer* for 3 or more hours/day and who watched 3 or more hours/day of television, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Used computers 3 or more hours/day Watched television 3 or more hours/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White 38.3 (33.2–43.7) 38.9 (35.5–42.4) 38.6 (34.8–42.5) 18.8 (15.8–22.1) 21.4 (18.2–24.9) 20.0 (17.3–23.1)
Black 48.4 (41.7–55.1) 41.2 (36.4–46.3) 44.6 (40.2–49.1) 41.5 (37.0–46.1) 37.0 (30.2–44.4) 39.2 (34.1–44.5)
Hispanic 47.4 (44.1–50.7) 45.1 (42.5–47.7) 46.2 (44.3–48.1) 29.2 (26.3–32.3) 27.4 (24.8–30.1) 28.2 (26.0–30.6)
Grade
9 48.7 (45.8–51.6) 42.5 (37.8–47.2) 45.4 (42.2–48.7) 25.3 (21.9–29.0) 26.3 (22.9–29.9) 25.7 (23.0–28.6)
10 43.3 (40.2–46.5) 43.4 (39.8–47.0) 43.4 (40.6–46.2) 24.1 (20.0–28.8) 24.6 (20.9–28.7) 24.5 (21.0–28.4)
11 38.1 (34.4–41.9) 36.1 (32.4–39.9) 37.2 (34.3–40.1) 22.4 (20.1–24.8) 24.6 (21.3–28.1) 23.6 (21.4–25.9)
12 40.4 (34.8–46.2) 40.8 (36.3–45.5) 40.5 (36.8–44.3) 25.9 (22.4–29.7) 24.4 (21.6–27.5) 25.1 (22.7–27.7)
Total 42.8 (39.9–45.7) 40.6 (37.7–43.7) 41.7 (39.3–44.2) 24.4 (22.2–26.8) 25.0 (22.6–27.5) 24.7 (22.7–26.9)

*For something that was not school work.
On an average school day.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 110. Percentage of high school students who played video or computer games or used a computer* for 3 or more hours/day and who watched ≥3 hours/day of television, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Used computers 3 or more hours/day Watched television 3 or more hours/day
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 40.8 (36.7–45.0) 36.2 (31.5–41.1) 38.2 (35.1–41.5) 33.5 (27.1–40.7) 28.0 (24.4–32.0) 30.8 (26.6–35.2)
Alaska 32.8 (28.5–37.5) 35.4 (31.6–39.3) 34.3 (31.2–37.5) 20.1 (17.1–23.6) 24.1 (20.9–27.6) 22.2 (20.2–24.5)
Arizona 41.5 (35.1–48.1) 39.6 (35.4–44.0) 40.5 (35.7–45.5) 26.2 (22.6–30.0) 22.8 (18.8–27.2) 24.7 (21.2–28.5)
Arkansas 40.8 (35.8–45.9) 42.0 (38.2–45.9) 41.2 (37.2–45.4) 30.8 (25.4–36.7) 31.2 (24.3–39.1) 31.0 (25.7–36.9)
California 43.5 (38.0–49.1) 40.7 (33.5–48.4) 42.1 (36.5–47.9) 22.3 (18.2–27.0) 23.7 (20.9–26.8) 23.1 (20.2–26.1)
Connecticut 38.2 (33.9–42.8) 37.3 (33.7–41.1) 37.8 (34.6–41.1) 22.3 (19.8–25.1) 21.6 (18.3–25.4) 21.9 (19.7–24.3)
Delaware 32.7 (29.1–36.4) 38.3 (34.4–42.4) 35.6 (32.8–38.5) 27.2 (24.2–30.4) 28.1 (25.0–31.4) 27.9 (25.7–30.2)
Florida 42.1 (40.4–43.9) 42.2 (39.9–44.6) 42.2 (40.6–43.8) 27.8 (25.3–30.4) 28.8 (26.2–31.4) 28.2 (26.1–30.5)
Hawaii 42.1 (38.8–45.5) 39.3 (35.4–43.2) 40.6 (39.2–42.0) 21.8 (19.5–24.2) 21.8 (19.9–23.7) 21.8 (20.2–23.5)
Idaho 32.5 (29.7–35.6) 34.8 (29.6–40.4) 33.7 (30.6–37.0) 20.6 (17.5–24.0) 19.1 (16.1–22.5) 19.7 (17.1–22.6)
Illinois 36.6 (30.5–43.1) 37.3 (33.2–41.5) 36.9 (33.3–40.7) 21.6 (18.0–25.7) 22.0 (17.5–27.2) 21.8 (18.5–25.5)
Indiana 37.4 (33.9–41.1) 39.5 (33.9–45.3) 38.4 (34.5–42.5) 22.2 (17.6–27.4) 22.2 (18.6–26.3) 22.3 (19.7–25.1)
Kentucky 41.9 (37.6–46.3) 38.5 (34.7–42.4) 40.1 (37.1–43.2) 25.4 (22.3–28.7) 25.3 (21.6–29.4) 25.5 (23.1–28.0)
Maine 37.2 (35.3–39.1) 39.3 (36.7–42.1) 38.3 (36.4–40.3) 22.7 (21.0–24.5) 23.5 (21.8–25.3) 23.1 (21.6–24.6)
Maryland 37.9 (37.1–38.6) 38.9 (38.0–39.8) 38.3 (37.7–39.0) 27.1 (26.3–28.0) 26.4 (25.4–27.3) 26.7 (26.0–27.5)
Massachusetts 43.3 (40.2–46.4) 42.9 (39.7–46.3) 43.2 (40.8–45.7)
Michigan 40.0 (36.0–44.1) 41.4 (37.2–45.7) 40.6 (37.3–44.0) 20.9 (17.6–24.6) 22.4 (18.4–27.0) 21.7 (18.3–25.4)
Mississippi 35.2 (31.5–39.1) 33.3 (29.9–36.8) 34.1 (31.6–36.7) 36.1 (31.1–41.4) 30.9 (26.6–35.6) 33.4 (29.8–37.2)
Missouri 38.3 (32.9–43.9) 37.1 (32.2–42.2) 37.4 (33.5–41.5) 23.9 (18.7–30.1) 18.1 (14.8–22.1) 21.2 (17.6–25.3)
Montana 32.4 (30.1–34.7) 36.0 (33.8–38.3) 34.2 (32.5–35.9) 22.0 (19.9–24.1) 21.9 (19.4–24.7) 21.9 (20.0–24.0)
Nebraska 31.9 (27.6–36.5) 31.1 (27.1–35.5) 31.5 (28.4–34.9) 19.1 (16.3–22.4) 21.1 (18.5–24.0) 20.1 (18.0–22.4)
Nevada 36.7 (31.6–42.2) 36.9 (30.9–43.3) 36.7 (33.1–40.5) 22.1 (19.1–25.4) 22.2 (17.5–27.7) 22.1 (19.2–25.2)
New Hampshire 37.0 (35.3–38.8) 40.5 (38.9–42.1) 38.9 (37.7–40.1) 18.6 (17.1–20.3) 19.7 (18.6–20.9) 19.1 (18.2–20.1)
New Mexico 39.1 (37.1–41.2) 38.6 (35.9–41.4) 38.9 (37.0–40.8) 24.9 (23.2–26.6) 24.6 (23.0–26.4) 24.7 (23.4–26.1)
New York 37.4 (33.6–41.2) 37.2 (33.2–41.3) 37.2 (34.3–40.3) 27.0 (24.3–29.8) 21.7 (19.3–24.3) 24.2 (22.2–26.3)
North Carolina 42.3 (36.3–48.5) 42.2 (36.2–48.4) 42.3 (38.2–46.4) 30.3 (26.5–34.4) 31.0 (27.8–34.3) 30.5 (27.7–33.4)
North Dakota 37.4 (34.2–40.8) 39.7 (36.2–43.3) 38.6 (36.5–40.7) 16.7 (14.1–19.7) 20.9 (18.7–23.4) 18.9 (17.1–20.7)
Oklahoma 44.6 (41.6–47.6) 46.5 (41.1–51.9) 45.6 (42.7–48.6) 28.2 (25.0–31.7) 29.9 (26.5–33.5) 28.9 (26.4–31.5)
Pennsylvania 42.3 (38.6–46.0) 43.9 (40.3–47.6) 43.0 (40.5–45.6) 27.2 (23.8–30.9) 28.3 (25.2–31.7) 27.8 (25.3–30.4)
Rhode Island 40.3 (33.6–47.3) 40.0 (35.0–45.2) 40.0 (35.0–45.2) 21.9 (16.7–28.2) 22.6 (18.3–27.5) 22.2 (17.6–27.5)
South Carolina 42.7 (39.4–46.0) 36.3 (30.2–42.9) 39.5 (36.2–42.9) 29.1 (22.7–36.4) 27.8 (21.6–34.8) 28.4 (23.2–34.2)
South Dakota 39.5 (34.9–44.3) 36.3 (32.1–40.7) 37.8 (33.9–41.9) 21.7 (17.8–26.3) 21.1 (15.6–28.0) 21.5 (18.2–25.2)
Tennessee 42.6 (39.8–45.4) 44.1 (41.3–47.0) 43.4 (41.3–45.6) 29.6 (27.9–31.3) 28.9 (25.3–32.8) 29.2 (27.1–31.5)
Vermont
Virginia 42.3 (38.7–45.9) 41.4 (39.1–43.8) 41.9 (39.4–44.3) 23.5 (20.4–27.0) 24.2 (21.3–27.5) 23.9 (21.3–26.6)
West Virginia 41.9 (36.7–47.3) 44.9 (40.7–49.2) 43.4 (39.3–47.5) 28.6 (25.1–32.3) 25.0 (20.4–30.2) 26.8 (23.6–30.2)
Wyoming 29.7 (26.2–33.4) 30.3 (27.4–33.4) 30.1 (27.8–32.4) 22.0 (18.6–25.8) 19.8 (17.6–22.2) 21.0 (18.7–23.5)
Median 39.3 39.1 38.7 23.5 23.5 23.1
Range (29.7–44.6) (30.3–46.5) (30.1–45.6) (16.7–36.1) (18.1–31.2) (18.9–33.4)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 34.0 (30.1–38.2) 37.1 (30.4–44.3) 35.3 (31.0–39.9) 36.9 (32.3–41.8) 35.4 (28.4–43.1) 35.9 (32.0–40.0)
Boston, MA 45.4 (41.3–49.6) 43.5 (39.9–47.3) 44.4 (41.4–47.3) 28.8 (25.6–32.2) 33.1 (29.6–36.8) 30.9 (28.7–33.3)
Broward County, FL 42.6 (38.5–46.9) 39.2 (34.9–43.6) 40.9 (38.0–43.9) 28.3 (25.1–31.7) 27.7 (23.7–32.1) 28.1 (25.1–31.3)
Cleveland, OH 42.4 (37.3–47.6) 43.2 (38.2–48.4) 42.5 (38.7–46.3) 38.0 (34.3–41.9) 33.7 (29.0–38.8) 35.5 (32.4–38.7)
DeKalb County, GA 36.3 (32.8–40.0) 36.5 (32.3–40.8) 36.4 (33.7–39.1) 29.9 (26.3–33.8) 31.8 (28.6–35.1) 30.9 (28.2–33.7)
Detroit, MI 35.1 (31.1–39.4) 32.0 (28.0–36.3) 33.8 (30.3–37.4) 31.9 (28.7–35.3) 29.7 (25.5–34.2) 30.9 (28.2–33.7)
District of Columbia 38.2 (36.8–39.7) 38.0 (36.4–3968) 38.1 (37.0–39.1) 32.6 (31.2–34.0) 31.9 (30.4–33.5) 32.2 (31.2–33.3)
Duval County, FL 35.9 (33.4–38.6) 36.6 (33.9–39.3) 36.2 (34.3–38.0) 29.7 (27.3–32.2) 26.8 (24.2–29.6) 28.2 (26.3–30.2)
Ft. Worth, TX 43.5 (40.3–46.7) 42.3 (38.3–46.4) 42.9 (40.3–45.6) 30.9 (28.0–34.0) 32.5 (29.6–35.5) 31.7 (29.5–33.9)
Houston, TX 34.7 (31.7–37.8) 35.4 (32.6–38.3) 34.8 (32.6–37.1) 29.9 (27.1–32.9) 26.1 (23.4–28.9) 28.1 (26.0–30.2)
Los Angeles, CA 41.7 (37.7–45.9) 41.7 (38.8–44.6) 41.7 (38.7–44.7) 27.5 (24.7–30.4) 26.8 (23.9–30.0) 27.1 (25.1–29.1)
Miami-Dade County, FL 42.5 (38.7–46.4) 41.4 (38.2–44.6) 42.0 (39.7–44.4) 29.4 (26.5–32.5) 27.9 (24.9–31.1) 28.7 (26.4–31.0)
New York City, NY 44.5 (41.2–47.7) 46.8 (43.9–49.7) 45.6 (43.1–48.1) 31.5 (28.8–34.4) 26.2 (23.4–29.2) 28.9 (26.6–31.3)
Oakland, CA 41.4 (36.3–46.8) 42.2 (38.3–46.1) 41.7 (38.2–45.3) 28.4 (24.6–32.7) 31.0 (26.7–35.7) 29.7 (26.8–32.7)
Orange County, FL 42.5 (38.4–46.8) 44.7 (40.4–49.0) 43.8 (40.6–46.9) 28.4 (24.0–33.2) 29.5 (25.3–34.1) 29.0 (25.6–32.7)
Palm Beach County, FL 38.9 (35.5–42.4) 36.0 (32.8–39.2) 37.7 (35.0–40.4) 26.2 (23.1–29.6) 26.4 (23.8–29.1) 26.0 (23.9–28.2)
Philadelphia, PA 46.6 (41.9–51.4) 49.3 (44.1–54.5) 47.7 (44.7–50.8) 34.3 (27.8–41.5) 34.1 (29.0–39.5) 34.2 (30.1–38.6)
San Diego, CA 46.4 (43.0–49.8) 43.3 (40.0–46.7) 44.8 (42.5–47.2) 19.5 (17.1–22.2) 19.9 (17.7–22.4) 19.7 (18.1–21.4)
San Francisco, CA
Median 42.0 41.5 41.7 29.8 29.6 29.3
Range (34.0–46.6) (32.0–49.3) (33.8–47.7) (19.5–38.0) (19.9–35.4) (19.7–35.9)

*For something that was not school work.
On an average school day.
§95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 111. Percentage of high school students who attended physical education (PE) classes on ≥1 days* and who attended PE classes on all 5 days,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Attended PE classes Attended PE classes daily
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 45.9 (38.1–54.0) 51.0 (42.7–59.3) 48.4 (41.1–55.8) 21.1 (13.8–30.8) 29.6 (23.1–37.1) 25.4 (18.8–33.3)
Black§ 52.2 (44.3–60.1) 65.4 (60.2–70.2) 59.2 (53.8–64.4) 32.2 (26.0–39.1) 38.9 (31.2–47.2) 35.8 (29.3–42.7)
Hispanic 50.1 (43.4–56.8) 60.5 (53.1–67.6) 55.4 (49.0–61.6) 33.0 (26.4–40.4) 42.4 (34.5–50.6) 37.7 (30.7–45.3)
Grade
9 70.4 (62.6–77.2) 72.2 (62.6–80.1) 71.4 (63.6–78.1) 39.5 (31.2–48.4) 44.6 (35.4–54.1) 42.2 (34.0–50.9)
10 53.9 (45.1–62.5) 61.3 (52.1–69.7) 57.5 (49.1–65.5) 27.0 (18.8–37.0) 36.1 (29.2–43.7) 31.5 (24.3–39.7)
11 34.6 (25.7–44.7) 42.2 (34.8–49.9) 38.5 (31.6–46.0) 18.1 (12.6–25.4) 25.2 (19.2–32.4) 21.8 (16.7–27.9)
12 29.1 (22.5–36.8) 42.9 (36.2–49.9) 36.1 (30.1–42.5) 16.0 (11.4–21.9) 27.9 (22.1–34.6) 21.9 (17.3–27.3)
Total 47.8 (41.4–54.1) 55.3 (48.7–61.7) 51.6 (45.9–57.4) 25.5 (19.6–32.6) 33.8 (27.5–40.6) 29.8 (24.0–36.2)

*In an average week when they were in school.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 112. Percentage of high school students who attended physical education (PE) classes on ≥1 days* and who attended PE classes on all 5 days,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Attended PE classes Attended PE classes daily
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 41.1 (33.5–49.1) 57.1 (50.8–63.1) 49.0 (43.0–55.0) 25.2 (18.2–33.8) 39.6 (33.5–46.0) 32.2 (26.0–39.0)
Alaska 34.9 (29.8–40.4) 51.1 (45.4–56.7) 43.2 (38.4–48.1) 13.2 (10.3–16.7) 18.5 (14.3–23.5) 15.9 (13.0–19.3)
Arizona 34.0 (27.0–41.9) 47.3 (41.0–53.6) 40.9 (34.5–47.7) 21.5 (14.4–30.9) 30.6 (23.1–39.2) 26.3 (18.9–35.2)
Arkansas 34.2 (29.3–39.6) 46.0 (39.1–53.2) 40.1 (37.2–43.1) 25.2 (21.4–29.5) 32.2 (24.2–41.5) 28.6 (24.2–33.4)
California 54.7 (46.8–62.4) 56.7 (48.5–64.6) 55.9 (48.3–63.3) 36.9 (28.8–45.9) 40.1 (30.8–50.1) 38.8 (30.4–48.0)
Connecticut 58.2 (49.1–66.9) 66.4 (57.7–74.1) 62.3 (53.8–70.2) 10.5 (6.1–17.6) 12.6 (8.6–18.1) 11.5 (7.6–17.1)
Delaware 36.2 (30.3–42.5) 40.9 (34.9–47.2) 38.5 (33.2–44.2) 9.6 (7.0–13.1) 12.3 (9.5–15.7) 11.1 (8.9–13.7)
Florida 31.6 (29.0–34.4) 50.9 (47.7–54.0) 41.2 (38.7–43.7) 14.1 (12.0–16.6) 30.3 (27.0–33.8) 22.2 (19.7–24.8)
Hawaii 36.8 (33.2–40.5) 48.3 (44.0–52.6) 42.4 (39.2–45.7) 5.0 (3.8–6.4) 8.5 (7.0–10.2) 6.7 (5.6–7.8)
Idaho 38.0 (29.9–46.8) 53.9 (47.6–60.1) 46.1 (39.6–52.8) 16.9 (11.1–24.7) 25.7 (16.8–37.1) 21.4 (14.6–30.3)
Illinois 77.7 (66.1–86.1) 79.3 (72.0–85.1) 78.5 (70.1–85.0) 59.8 (45.0–73.0) 61.8 (50.9–71.5) 60.7 (48.7–71.5)
Indiana 32.6 (25.1–41.1) 49.6 (41.2–58.0) 41.2 (33.2–49.7) 21.6 (17.1–26.9) 34.1 (26.7–42.4) 28.0 (22.5–34.3)
Kentucky 31.1 (24.5–38.5) 44.2 (38.3–50.3) 37.8 (32.6–43.3) 19.3 (13.5–26.9) 25.2 (19.5–31.9) 22.3 (17.6–27.8)
Maine 35.4 (31.9–39.0) 42.6 (38.4–46.8) 39.0 (35.6–42.6) 4.9 (3.2–7.6) 6.5 (4.3–9.8) 5.8 (3.9–8.5)
Maryland 30.6 (29.2–32.0) 44.3 (42.9–45.8) 37.6 (36.4–38.8) 12.6 (11.6–13.8) 18.7 (17.3–20.2) 15.6 (14.5–16.8)
Massachusetts 52.4 (45.3–59.5) 57.6 (51.5–63.5) 55.0 (49.0–61.0) 18.4 (13.7–24.3) 22.1 (17.5–27.4) 20.1 (15.8–25.3)
Michigan 23.7 (18.5–29.9) 39.3 (32.2–46.8) 31.5 (26.5–37.0) 16.1 (11.9–21.4) 28.8 (22.0–36.7) 22.4 (17.7–28.1)
Mississippi 39.1 (33.7–44.8) 49.1 (42.9–55.3) 44.3 (39.5–49.2) 24.3 (19.8–29.5) 25.8 (20.6–31.7) 25.0 (21.1–29.4)
Missouri 36.9 (27.9–46.9) 55.6 (47.8–63.1) 46.0 (38.5–53.8) 18.2 (11.1–28.2) 28.2 (20.4–37.7) 23.0 (16.2–31.8)
Montana 49.9 (45.0–54.8) 59.5 (55.4–63.4) 54.9 (50.7–58.9) 28.3 (24.2–32.9) 36.8 (32.4–41.3) 32.7 (28.7–37.0)
Nebraska 41.1 (36.2–46.2) 56.6 (52.8–60.3) 49.0 (45.1–52.9) 26.9 (23.0–31.3) 38.9 (34.4–43.6) 32.8 (29.2–36.7)
Nevada 50.3 (41.2–59.4) 67.6 (58.8–75.4) 59.1 (51.2–66.5) 27.6 (19.8–37.1) 30.7 (21.7–41.6) 29.1 (21.9–37.5)
New Hampshire §
New Mexico 44.0 (40.1–48.0) 55.6 (51.9–59.2) 49.8 (46.5–53.2) 23.4 (19.8–27.5) 30.8 (27.1–34.7) 27.1 (23.6–30.9)
New York 91.1 (87.9–93.5) 84.4 (80.2–87.8) 87.8 (84.5–90.4) 18.7 (14.8–23.5) 17.8 (14.1–22.2) 18.4 (15.1–22.2)
North Carolina 31.8 (25.2–39.1) 47.3 (38.7–56.1) 39.8 (33.0–47.0) 19.9 (13.5–28.2) 30.4 (23.7–37.9) 25.2 (19.7–31.6)
North Dakota 46.5 (41.0–52.1) 51.6 (45.7–57.5) 49.2 (44.3–54.0) 34.6 (29.3–40.3) 37.9 (33.6–42.3) 36.3 (32.3–40.4)
Oklahoma 30.4 (25.5–35.8) 46.0 (37.9–54.2) 37.8 (32.4–43.6) 26.8 (22.7–31.3) 41.3 (34.5–48.5) 33.7 (29.2–38.6)
Pennsylvania 57.6 (47.4–67.1) 61.2 (53.6–68.2) 59.4 (51.0–67.4) 15.0 (10.6–20.9) 22.1 (17.2–27.8) 18.5 (14.2–23.8)
Rhode Island 73.5 (63.7–81.4) 72.9 (67.7–77.5) 73.2 (66.0–79.4) 20.0 (10.0–36.1) 16.7 (9.8–27.0) 18.4 (10.1–31.2)
South Carolina 25.3 (17.5–35.1) 48.9 (39.1–58.8) 37.0 (28.0–47.0) 15.2 (9.6–23.3) 33.2 (26.8–40.2) 24.2 (18.0–31.6)
South Dakota 25.4 (17.2–35.8) 34.1 (22.2–48.3) 29.9 (20.1–41.9) 11.0 (6.0–19.1) 15.4 (10.1–22.7) 13.2 (8.5–19.8)
Tennessee 34.9 (30.8–39.2) 47.3 (41.9–52.7) 41.3 (36.9–45.8) 21.6 (17.9–25.9) 28.9 (23.9–34.5) 25.3 (21.3–29.8)
Vermont
Virginia 44.3 (38.2–50.6) 55.3 (50.8–59.6) 50.0 (45.3–54.7) 11.8 (8.4–16.4) 14.7 (10.5–20.3) 13.3 (9.7–17.9)
West Virginia 33.1 (26.5–40.5) 40.1 (31.9–48.9) 36.8 (29.8–44.3) 24.7 (18.6–32.0) 25.6 (18.0–35.0) 25.2 (19.0–32.6)
Wyoming 45.8 (39.9–51.9) 52.8 (47.9–57.6) 49.4 (44.4–54.4) 21.2 (16.7–26.6) 21.6 (17.0–27.2) 21.4 (17.2–26.3)
Median 36.9 51.1 44.3 19.9 28.2 23.0
Range (23.7–91.1) (34.1–84.4) (29.9–87.8) (4.9–59.8) (6.5–61.8) (5.8–60.7)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 28.8 (21.3–37.8) 37.2 (31.2–43.7) 33.4 (27.5–39.9) 15.4 (8.5–26.1) 16.6 (12.4–22.0) 15.7 (10.9–22.2)
Boston, MA 32.1 (24.5–40.8) 42.1 (35.1–49.6) 37.2 (30.3–44.5) 7.6 (5.4–10.6) 9.6 (6.7–13.5) 8.6 (6.4–11.5)
Broward County, FL 27.1 (22.3–32.4) 47.9 (41.3–54.5) 37.7 (33.0–42.5) 16.1 (12.7–20.2) 30.5 (24.1–37.7) 23.4 (19.6–27.6)
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA 36.9 (30.5–43.9) 45.3 (40.2–50.6) 41.1 (36.0–46.4) 24.8 (19.7–30.6) 27.4 (23.0–32.3) 26.1 (22.0–30.6)
Detroit, MI 42.5 (37.9–47.2) 47.7 (42.1–53.3) 45.0 (40.7–49.4) 15.5 (12.4–19.3) 18.1 (14.7–22.0) 16.6 (13.7–20.0)
District of Columbia
Duval County, FL
Ft. Worth, TX 49.7 (44.9–54.5) 55.1 (51.2–58.9) 52.4 (48.8–55.9) 33.5 (29.6–37.6) 40.3 (36.3–44.5) 36.9 (33.7–40.1)
Houston, TX 53.5 (48.6–58.3) 54.8 (51.3–58.3) 54.4 (50.8–58.0) 22.6 (17.9–28.1) 22.5 (19.3–26.0) 22.5 (19.1–26.3)
Los Angeles, CA 60.8 (51.8–69.1) 61.1 (50.6–70.6) 61.1 (51.9–69.5) 39.2 (27.5–52.4) 34.0 (24.8–44.6) 36.7 (26.5–48.2)
Miami-Dade County, FL 36.5 (31.0–42.4) 51.3 (45.5–57.0) 43.7 (38.8–48.7) 6.4 (4.5–9.0) 11.2 (8.9–14.1) 8.8 (7.1–10.7)
New York City, NY 85.5 (78.8–90.3) 82.6 (78.2–86.3) 84.0 (79.0–88.1) 35.8 (27.7–44.8) 36.3 (29.3–43.9) 36.0 (29.0–43.6)
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 34.2 (27.3–41.8) 57.8 (51.2–64.2) 46.0 (39.4–52.8) 19.4 (15.2–24.6) 40.5 (35.6–45.5) 29.9 (25.7–34.5)
Palm Beach County, FL 32.1 (27.4–37.2) 50.1 (45.0–55.2) 41.5 (37.0–46.1) 10.4 (7.7–13.9) 17.8 (15.0–21.1) 14.1 (11.8–16.7)
Philadelphia, PA 45.3 (36.7–54.3) 45.8 (39.3–52.4) 45.7 (38.6–52.9) 17.5 (11.0–26.8) 17.6 (12.2–24.6) 17.5 (12.1–24.5)
San Diego, CA 57.1 (47.8–66.0) 60.4 (53.0–67.3) 58.8 (50.9–66.3) 39.8 (32.6–47.6) 45.2 (39.1–51.4) 42.7 (36.4–49.2)
San Francisco, CA
Median 39.7 50.7 45.3 18.4 24.9 22.9
Range (27.1–85.5) (37.2–82.6) (33.4–84.0) (6.4–39.8) (9.6–45.2) (8.6–42.7)

*In an average week when they were in school.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 113. Percentage of high school students who played on at least one sports team,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 60.7 (51.6–69.2) 64.4 (60.6–68.0) 62.4 (56.6–67.9)
Black§ 47.7 (41.8–53.8) 66.5 (60.3–72.2) 57.6 (52.8–62.2)
Hispanic 40.7 (37.3–44.1) 56.3 (52.3–60.3) 48.5 (46.1–50.9)
Grade
9 57.6 (52.6–62.6) 68.1 (62.7–73.0) 63.0 (58.6–67.2)
10 55.1 (47.2–62.8) 63.5 (59.5–67.3) 59.2 (53.8–64.3)
11 51.7 (45.6–57.8) 62.3 (57.5–66.8) 57.0 (52.6–61.3)
12 46.9 (39.9–54.0) 54.6 (48.5–60.7) 50.8 (46.4–55.3)
Total 53.0 (47.3–58.6) 62.2 (59.5–64.9) 57.6 (54.0–61.2)

*Run by their school or community groups during the 12 months before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 114. Percentage of high school students who played on at least one sports team,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 47.7 (42.6–52.8) 56.7 (52.6–60.7) 52.1 (48.4–55.9)
Alaska 61.9 (56.7–66.9) 63.4 (59.5–67.1) 62.7 (59.2–66.1)
Arizona 45.8 (40.5–51.2) 52.4 (47.2–57.6) 49.2 (45.2–53.3)
Arkansas 45.4 (38.9–52.0) 58.4 (53.0–63.5) 51.7 (48.1–55.3)
California 50.6 (43.8–57.4) 61.5 (58.3–64.5) 56.0 (52.1–59.8)
Connecticut §
Delaware 50.3 (45.7–54.9) 58.5 (54.1–62.9) 54.7 (51.0–58.5)
Florida 43.7 (41.4–46.0) 54.3 (51.7–56.9) 49.0 (47.0–51.0)
Hawaii 48.6 (45.8–51.4) 55.8 (52.5–59.0) 52.2 (50.2–54.2)
Idaho 55.7 (51.2–60.1) 60.7 (53.5–67.4) 58.1 (53.3–62.8)
Illinois 53.0 (48.2–57.6) 61.5 (56.4–66.4) 57.3 (53.1–61.4)
Indiana 58.6 (53.5–63.6) 62.2 (56.5–67.5) 60.4 (55.7–64.8)
Kentucky 48.2 (44.1–52.3) 53.3 (49.1–57.4) 50.8 (48.1–53.5)
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts 59.0 (54.5–63.4) 62.6 (58.1–66.9) 60.6 (56.6–64.4)
Michigan
Mississippi 43.4 (40.5–46.4) 53.9 (50.5–57.2) 48.7 (46.1–51.3)
Missouri 56.4 (49.2–63.4) 56.2 (52.3–60.0) 56.3 (51.5–61.0)
Montana 60.4 (58.0–62.8) 64.1 (61.5–66.7) 62.4 (60.5–64.2)
Nebraska 61.5 (56.4–66.3) 66.7 (62.7–70.5) 64.3 (60.9–67.5)
Nevada 50.3 (45.5–55.1) 58.4 (53.2–63.4) 54.3 (50.5–58.1)
New Hampshire
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Oklahoma 52.6 (47.6–57.4) 56.4 (51.8–60.9) 54.8 (51.8–57.7)
Pennsylvania 60.3 (56.5–63.9) 62.8 (58.9–66.6) 61.6 (58.7–64.3)
Rhode Island
South Carolina 42.8 (37.5–48.2) 54.6 (50.7–58.4) 48.6 (46.1–51.2)
South Dakota
Tennessee 44.1 (41.2–47.2) 56.0 (52.6–59.4) 50.2 (47.6–52.8)
Vermont
Virginia 51.3 (47.8–54.8) 60.0 (56.5–63.3) 55.8 (53.0–58.5)
West Virginia 49.7 (45.3–54.2) 53.6 (48.9–58.2) 51.7 (48.0–55.5)
Wyoming 59.6 (55.1–63.9) 64.5 (60.4–68.3) 62.0 (58.4–65.5)
Median 50.6 58.4 54.8
Range (42.8–61.9) (52.4–66.7) (48.6–64.3)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 41.2 (35.3–47.4) 60.8 (53.8–67.4) 50.8 (46.0–55.5)
Boston, MA 41.4 (37.9–45.1) 52.6 (48.7–56.5) 47.0 (44.1–49.9)
Broward County, FL 40.5 (36.8–44.4) 53.8 (49.2–58.4) 47.3 (43.9–50.7)
Cleveland, OH 40.0 (35.4–44.8) 52.6 (48.4–56.8) 46.6 (43.3–50.0)
DeKalb County, GA 50.3 (45.8–54.8) 57.9 (54.3–61.5) 54.1 (50.8–57.4)
Detroit, MI
District of Columbia 49.7 (48.2–51.2) 60.7 (59.1–62.4) 54.9 (53.8–56.0)
Duval County, FL 44.5 (41.7–47.5) 53.0 (50.1–55.8) 48.7 (46.6–50.9)
Ft. Worth, TX 49.1 (45.2–52.9) 60.1 (57.0–63.1) 54.8 (52.1–57.5)
Houston, TX 41.4 (37.8–45.2) 51.5 (48.6–54.4) 46.9 (44.4–49.4)
Los Angeles, CA 45.7 (41.0–50.5) 53.8 (50.9–56.7) 49.6 (46.6–52.6)
Miami-Dade County, FL 34.6 (31.8–37.5) 54.7 (51.3–58.0) 44.7 (42.2–47.3)
New York City, NY
Oakland, CA
Orange County, FL 43.8 (40.4–47.3) 57.5 (53.0–61.9) 50.7 (47.8–53.6)
Palm Beach County, FL 41.2 (37.7–44.8) 54.8 (51.8–57.9) 48.5 (46.0–51.0)
Philadelphia, PA 42.7 (37.5–47.9) 55.5 (52.3–58.7) 48.9 (45.6–52.3)
San Diego, CA 48.7 (44.6–52.9) 62.1 (58.7–65.4) 55.6 (52.8–58.4)
San Francisco, CA
Median 42.7 54.8 48.9
Range (34.6–50.3) (51.5–62.1) (44.7–55.6)

*Run by their school or community groups during the 12 months before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 115. Percentage of high school students who had obesity* and who were overweight, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Obesity Overweight
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White 9.1 (6.6–12.4) 15.6 (13.4–18.1) 12.4 (10.5–14.6) 14.6 (13.1–16.2) 15.9 (14.1–17.8) 15.2 (14.1–16.5)
Black 15.2 (11.7–19.5) 18.2 (15.2–21.5) 16.8 (14.2–19.6) 21.2 (16.6–26.7) 13.6 (10.4–17.4) 17.2 (15.1–19.5)
Hispanic 13.3 (11.6–15.2) 19.4 (17.0–22.0) 16.4 (14.8–18.2) 20.0 (17.9–22.2) 17.0 (14.8–19.4) 18.4 (17.0–19.9)
Grade
9 10.3 (8.8–12.0) 15.4 (13.3–17.8) 13.0 (11.7–14.4) 17.6 (14.9–20.7) 16.0 (13.4–19.1) 16.8 (14.8–19.0)
10 12.1 (9.4–15.5) 18.2 (15.2–21.7) 15.2 (13.0–17.6) 16.3 (14.4–18.4) 14.8 (12.1–17.9) 15.5 (13.8–17.4)
11 10.2 (8.1–12.8) 18.4 (15.5–21.8) 14.5 (12.6–16.6) 15.3 (13.4–17.4) 16.4 (14.2–18.8) 15.9 (14.5–17.4)
12 10.5 (8.4–12.9) 15.0 (12.0–18.7) 12.7 (10.7–15.1) 17.0 (14.3–20.0) 15.0 (12.4–18.0) 16.0 (13.8–18.4)
Total 10.8 (9.3–12.5) 16.8 (14.8–19.0) 13.9 (12.5–15.5) 16.6 (15.3–17.9) 15.5 (14.2–17.0) 16.0 (15.2–16.9)

*Students who were ≥95th percentile for body mass index, based on sex- and age-specific reference data from the 2000 CDC growth charts.
Students who were ≥85th percentile but <95th percentile for body mass index, based on sex- and age-specific reference data from the 2000 CDC growth charts.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 116. Percentage of high school students who had obesity* and who were overweight, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Obesity Overweight
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 13.5 (9.9–18.2) 18.6 (16.0–21.6) 16.1 (13.5–19.1) 17.0 (14.4–20.0) 18.0 (14.9–21.5) 17.5 (15.3–20.0)
Alaska 10.9 (8.4–14.1) 16.9 (14.3–19.9) 14.0 (11.9–16.5) 18.1 (14.8–21.8) 15.5 (13.4–18.0) 16.7 (14.7–19.0)
Arizona 7.0 (4.7–10.4) 14.5 (11.5–18.2) 10.9 (8.8–13.4) 14.2 (12.1–16.7) 15.1 (12.9–17.6) 14.7 (13.0–16.5)
Arkansas 14.7 (11.8–18.1) 21.3 (18.6–24.4) 18.0 (16.1–20.1) 18.5 (16.3–20.9) 17.6 (13.2–23.0) 18.0 (15.3–21.2)
California 9.2 (7.3–11.6) 18.5 (15.2–22.3) 13.9 (11.4–16.9) 15.8 (13.5–18.4) 17.1 (12.8–22.5) 16.5 (13.7–19.7)
Connecticut 9.3 (6.9–12.5) 15.2 (12.8–17.9) 12.3 (10.2–14.7) 14.1 (11.3–17.4) 14.4 (12.4–16.6) 14.3 (12.4–16.4)
Delaware 13.3 (11.1–15.8) 18.1 (15.9–20.6) 15.8 (14.1–17.5) 17.3 (14.8–20.2) 14.3 (12.1–16.9) 15.8 (13.9–17.8)
Florida 8.7 (7.5–10.0) 15.8 (14.4–17.3) 12.3 (11.2–13.4) 15.5 (13.9–17.2) 13.6 (12.3–14.9) 14.5 (13.5–15.6)
Hawaii 8.1 (6.6–9.9) 17.6 (14.6–20.9) 12.9 (11.0–15.2) 15.1 (13.0–17.4) 15.6 (14.1–17.2) 15.3 (14.0–16.8)
Idaho 7.4 (5.5–10.0) 14.5 (11.7–17.9) 11.1 (9.1–13.5) 14.3 (12.1–16.8) 16.2 (13.3–19.5) 15.3 (13.4–17.3)
Illinois 8.4 (6.3–11.2) 16.7 (14.5–19.1) 12.6 (10.9–14.6) 14.6 (11.7–18.1) 16.1 (14.0–18.5) 15.4 (14.1–16.8)
Indiana 9.7 (7.3–12.8) 17.5 (14.8–20.5) 13.6 (11.8–15.7) 18.1 (14.6–22.3) 16.5 (13.1–20.5) 17.3 (14.5–20.5)
Kentucky 16.2 (13.6–19.3) 20.6 (17.6–24.1) 18.5 (16.4–20.8) 19.2 (15.9–23.1) 14.9 (12.1–18.2) 17.0 (14.5–19.9)
Maine 9.1 (7.6–11.0) 17.2 (15.7–18.9) 13.3 (11.9–14.9) 14.8 (13.4–16.3) 14.9 (14.0–16.0) 14.9 (14.0–15.8)
Maryland 8.8 (8.3–9.4) 14.1 (13.5–14.7) 11.5 (11.1–12.0) 15.4 (14.8–16.1) 14.5 (13.9–15.1) 14.9 (14.5–15.4)
Massachusetts 7.2 (5.6–9.1) 14.7 (12.1–17.6) 11.0 (9.4–12.8) 14.7 (12.4–17.3) 16.0 (14.2–17.8) 15.3 (13.6–17.2)
Michigan 11.5 (9.5–13.9) 17.0 (15.2–19.0) 14.3 (12.6–16.2) 16.2 (13.2–19.7) 15.8 (13.8–18.0) 16.0 (14.2–17.9)
Mississippi 16.2 (14.0–18.5) 21.7 (18.6–25.2) 18.9 (17.0–21.0) 19.2 (16.5–22.3) 14.9 (12.7–17.4) 17.1 (15.7–18.5)
Missouri 10.3 (6.5–16.0) 15.9 (13.3–19.1) 13.1 (9.9–17.0) 12.4 (9.9–15.5) 14.3 (11.4–17.7) 13.3 (11.2–15.8)
Montana 7.4 (6.2–8.7) 13.0 (11.5–14.8) 10.3 (9.2–11.5) 14.9 (13.3–16.7) 15.1 (13.7–16.6) 15.0 (14.0–16.2)
Nebraska 9.3 (7.1–12.2) 16.5 (13.9–19.5) 13.0 (11.1–15.2) 16.4 (14.0–19.1) 17.3 (14.5–20.7) 16.9 (15.1–18.8)
Nevada 6.3 (4.5–8.9) 17.8 (14.4–21.8) 12.2 (10.3–14.4) 14.1 (10.7–18.4) 15.9 (13.1–19.0) 15.0 (12.8–17.6)
New Hampshire 7.9 (7.1–8.8) 16.3 (15.0–17.6) 12.2 (11.5–13.0) 14.4 (13.3–15.6) 14.6 (13.1–16.2) 14.5 (13.4–15.6)
New Mexico 11.6 (10.3–13.0) 19.5 (18.2–20.8) 15.6 (14.8–16.5) 16.6 (15.2–18.0) 15.9 (14.6–17.2) 16.2 (15.2–17.3)
New York 10.1 (8.3–12.3) 16.1 (14.3–18.1) 13.1 (11.6–14.8) 13.9 (11.8–16.2) 13.9 (11.7–16.6) 13.9 (12.5–15.5)
North Carolina 12.5 (9.5–16.3) 20.2 (17.1–23.7) 16.4 (13.8–19.5) 17.2 (13.5–21.7) 14.6 (11.9–17.9) 15.9 (13.4–18.8)
North Dakota 8.6 (7.2–10.2) 19.1 (16.8–21.6) 14.0 (12.5–15.7) 17.1 (14.7–19.9) 12.3 (10.4–14.7) 14.7 (13.2–16.3)
Oklahoma 12.9 (9.2–17.8) 22.0 (18.1–26.4) 17.3 (14.4–20.6) 16.7 (13.7–20.2) 13.9 (10.9–17.5) 15.3 (13.1–17.8)
Pennsylvania 12.4 (10.4–14.9) 15.4 (12.8–18.4) 14.0 (12.3–15.8) 16.7 (14.6–19.1) 15.0 (12.7–17.6) 15.8 (14.3–17.5)
Rhode Island 7.6 (5.2–10.9) 16.2 (13.8–18.9) 12.0 (9.8–14.5) 14.1 (10.8–18.1) 15.2 (14.3–16.3) 14.7 (13.0–16.5)
South Carolina 13.4 (10.9–16.3) 19.0 (15.1–23.7) 16.3 (14.5–18.2) 17.5 (15.1–20.1) 18.8 (16.3–21.6) 18.2 (17.1–19.3)
South Dakota 10.3 (6.7–15.6) 18.8 (16.7–21.2) 14.7 (12.2–17.6) 13.3 (10.9–16.1) 15.7 (11.9–20.5) 14.5 (12.1–17.4)
Tennessee 14.2 (12.0–16.7) 22.7 (20.1–25.4) 18.6 (16.7–20.7) 17.8 (15.9–19.8) 16.4 (14.6–18.3) 17.1 (15.9–18.3)
Vermont 8.6 (8.0–9.2) 16.1 (15.4–16.9) 12.4 (11.9–12.9) 13.9 (13.2–14.6) 14.1 (13.4–14.8) 14.0 (13.5–14.5)
Virginia 11.4 (9.0–14.3) 14.5 (12.6–16.5) 13.0 (11.3–14.9) 15.7 (13.5–18.1) 14.6 (12.7–16.7) 15.1 (13.6–16.8)
West Virginia 12.2 (9.0–16.4) 23.4 (20.3–26.8) 17.9 (15.1–21.2) 17.1 (14.2–20.5) 16.8 (13.8–20.2) 17.0 (15.0–19.1)
Wyoming 8.0 (6.6–9.6) 13.8 (11.4–16.6) 11.0 (9.5–12.6) 13.9 (12.0–16.1) 15.2 (12.3–18.6) 14.6 (13.1–16.2)
Median 9.7 17.0 13.3 15.7 15.2 15.3
Range (6.3–16.2) (13.0–23.4) (10.3–18.9) (12.4–19.2) (12.3–18.8) (13.3–18.2)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 17.9 (13.9–22.7) 16.2 (12.5–20.8) 17.0 (14.4–20.0) 17.3 (13.4–22.1) 17.5 (13.7–22.1) 17.4 (14.2–21.1)
Boston, MA 11.7 (9.5–14.4) 17.2 (14.2–20.7) 14.6 (12.5–16.9) 22.3 (19.5–25.4) 17.0 (13.6–20.9) 19.5 (17.2–22.2)
Broward County, FL 8.8 (6.7–11.6) 11.6 (9.4–14.3) 10.3 (8.7–12.1) 15.2 (11.8–19.4) 12.1 (9.7–15.0) 13.6 (11.4–16.2)
Cleveland, OH 17.6 (14.8–20.8) 18.2 (16.0–20.7) 17.9 (16.2–19.8) 21.0 (18.1–24.1) 16.1 (13.9–18.6) 18.4 (16.7–20.3)
DeKalb County, GA 12.4 (10.2–15.1) 11.0 (9.0–13.5) 11.7 (10.2–13.4) 16.1 (13.4–19.2) 13.4 (11.0–16.3) 14.7 (12.7–17.0)
Detroit, MI 21.2 (18.4–24.2) 24.2 (20.7–28.0) 22.5 (20.1–25.2) 25.0 (22.3–27.9) 17.5 (14.7–20.7) 21.6 (19.5–23.8)
District of Columbia 14.4 (13.4–15.5) 15.9 (14.7–17.0) 15.1 (14.4–15.9) 20.8 (19.6–22.0) 15.0 (13.9–16.1) 17.9 (17.0–18.7)
Duval County, FL 10.2 (8.6–12.1) 16.1 (14.1–18.4) 13.1 (11.8–14.5) 15.6 (13.9–17.6) 13.8 (11.8–16.0) 14.7 (13.4–16.2)
Ft. Worth, TX 14.0 (12.0–16.3) 21.6 (18.9–24.6) 17.9 (16.1–19.8) 21.2 (18.5–24.2) 16.7 (14.4–19.2) 18.9 (17.1–20.8)
Houston, TX 14.4 (12.3–16.7) 19.0 (17.0–21.2) 16.8 (15.3–18.3) 19.9 (17.8–22.1) 17.2 (15.3–19.4) 18.5 (17.1–20.0)
Los Angeles, CA 10.1 (7.3–13.8) 16.6 (14.3–19.2) 13.3 (10.9–16.1) 23.8 (21.8–25.8) 15.9 (13.2–19.0) 19.9 (17.9–22.0)
Miami-Dade County, FL 9.6 (7.9–11.6) 13.6 (11.0–16.8) 11.6 (10.0–13.5) 16.1 (13.7–18.8) 16.6 (14.3–19.2) 16.3 (14.8–18.0)
New York City, NY 10.6 (9.0–12.4) 14.2 (12.6–15.9) 12.4 (11.3–13.7) 17.1 (14.7–19.8) 14.0 (12.5–15.7) 15.5 (13.8–17.4)
Oakland, CA 10.8 (8.4–13.8) 20.5 (17.3–24.2) 16.1 (13.8–18.7) 23.3 (19.6–27.5) 11.4 (9.1–14.3) 16.9 (14.8–19.2)
Orange County, FL 7.8 (5.9–10.1) 14.0 (11.5–17.0) 10.9 (9.2–12.9) 15.8 (13.2–18.9) 15.2 (12.5–18.3) 15.5 (13.4–17.8)
Palm Beach County, FL 9.2 (7.5–11.1) 12.8 (10.7–15.2) 11.0 (9.6–12.6) 12.0 (10.0–14.3) 15.7 (13.5–18.2) 13.9 (12.2–15.8)
Philadelphia, PA 13.6 (11.0–16.6) 13.9 (10.2–18.5) 13.7 (12.1–15.5) 20.0 (17.4–22.9) 13.6 (11.4–16.0) 16.8 (15.3–18.3)
San Diego, CA 7.5 (5.8–9.8) 15.3 (13.0–17.9) 11.5 (10.0–13.2) 17.9 (15.6–20.3) 15.3 (12.7–18.3) 16.6 (14.7–18.6)
San Francisco, CA 5.9 (4.3–8.0) 13.6 (11.4–16.2) 9.9 (8.4–11.6) 13.7 (10.9–17.0) 12.7 (9.9–16.3) 13.2 (10.9–15.8)
Median 10.8 15.9 13.3 17.9 15.3 16.8
Range (5.9–21.2) (11.0–24.2) (9.9–22.5) (12.0–25.0) (11.4–17.5) (13.2–21.6)

*Students who were ≥95th percentile for body mass index, based on sex- and age-specific reference data from the 2000 CDC growth charts.
Students who were ≥85th percentile but <95th percentile for body mass index, based on sex- and age-specific reference data from the 2000 CDC growth charts.
§95% confidence interval.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 117. Percentage of high school students who described themselves as slightly or very overweight and who were trying to lose weight, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Described themselves as overweight Were trying to lose weight
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI* % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White 35.7 (32.3–39.3) 24.9 (22.5–27.5) 30.3 (28.6–32.2) 59.5 (56.1–62.7) 28.8 (26.1–31.7) 44.1 (41.8–46.4)
Black 34.9 (29.2–41.1) 20.0 (17.3–23.0) 27.0 (24.2–30.1) 54.2 (48.6–59.8) 26.2 (23.4–29.1) 39.4 (35.7–43.2)
Hispanic 45.3 (43.1–47.4) 28.0 (24.9–31.3) 36.4 (34.2–38.8) 66.4 (63.4–69.3) 40.0 (37.0–43.1) 53.1 (50.2–55.9)
Grade
9 35.8 (32.9–38.9) 25.5 (23.2–27.9) 30.3 (28.4–32.2) 59.4 (56.6–62.1) 31.1 (28.0–34.4) 44.3 (41.7–47.0)
10 38.9 (34.1–43.9) 25.2 (21.9–28.8) 32.0 (29.5–34.7) 59.3 (54.0–64.4) 32.0 (29.3–34.7) 45.7 (43.1–48.4)
11 38.5 (35.4–41.7) 25.2 (22.4–28.2) 31.6 (29.3–34.0) 61.7 (57.7–65.5) 31.0 (27.4–34.8) 45.7 (42.3–49.2)
12 39.6 (36.1–43.3) 25.0 (21.4–28.9) 32.3 (29.3–35.4) 62.6 (58.6–66.5) 31.9 (29.2–34.8) 47.3 (44.6–50.0)
Total 38.2 (36.2–40.2) 25.3 (23.4–27.3) 31.5 (30.2–32.9) 60.6 (58.7–62.5) 31.4 (29.5–33.5) 45.6 (44.0–47.3)

*95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 118. Percentage of high school students who described themselves as slightly or very overweight and who were trying to lose weight, by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Described themselves as overweight Were trying to lose weight
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI* % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 36.0 (32.4–39.8) 21.6 (18.9–24.5) 28.8 (26.6–31.1) 56.2 (52.4–59.9) 32.5 (28.1–37.2) 44.3 (41.3–47.4)
Alaska 37.9 (33.6–42.4) 26.3 (22.8–30.2) 31.9 (29.4–34.4)
Arizona 35.0 (31.1–39.2) 26.1 (23.1–29.3) 30.4 (28.1–32.8) 61.1 (56.1–66.0) 36.4 (31.7–41.4) 48.5 (46.0–50.9)
Arkansas 38.4 (34.6–42.4) 25.4 (21.6–29.5) 31.9 (28.9–35.1) 61.2 (58.3–64.0) 35.1 (29.8–40.9) 48.3 (44.8–51.9)
California 37.9 (34.2–41.9) 29.4 (26.0–33.0) 33.4 (30.9–35.9) 59.2 (54.1–64.1) 35.6 (31.5–39.9) 46.9 (43.0–50.9)
Connecticut 33.4 (29.7–37.4) 26.6 (23.0–30.5) 30.0 (27.0–33.2) 60.5 (56.7–64.2) 34.2 (29.8–38.9) 47.2 (44.1–50.3)
Delaware 37.7 (34.0–41.5) 25.6 (22.5–29.0) 31.5 (29.2–34.0) 59.5 (56.2–62.7) 29.6 (26.7–32.7) 44.8 (42.3–47.4)
Florida 33.0 (30.9–35.2) 23.7 (21.8–25.7) 28.3 (26.9–29.8) 56.7 (54.6–58.8) 29.0 (26.8–31.3) 42.8 (41.5–44.1)
Hawaii 36.1 (33.8–38.5) 27.8 (25.3–30.5) 32.0 (30.5–33.6)
Idaho 36.9 (33.2–40.7) 23.8 (20.6–27.2) 30.1 (27.5–32.9) 63.1 (57.9–67.9) 25.9 (22.1–30.1) 44.0 (39.9–48.3)
Illinois 35.1 (31.6–38.9) 25.7 (22.9–28.7) 30.3 (28.0–32.7) 58.0 (53.2–62.7) 34.5 (30.3–39.0) 46.1 (42.5–49.8)
Indiana 37.2 (33.3–41.3) 26.1 (22.2–30.3) 31.6 (29.0–34.2) 61.0 (57.5–64.4) 33.2 (29.6–37.1) 46.9 (44.1–49.7)
Kentucky 38.8 (34.9–42.9) 25.5 (22.1–29.2) 32.0 (28.9–35.3) 61.2 (58.1–64.2) 32.9 (30.1–35.7) 46.9 (44.4–49.4)
Maine
Maryland 30.8 (30.1–31.5) 21.6 (20.9–22.2) 26.2 (25.7–26.7)
Massachusetts 35.9 (32.6–39.3) 27.3 (24.7–30.0) 31.5 (29.7–33.4) 59.5 (56.8–62.0) 32.7 (29.9–35.6) 46.0 (43.8–48.3)
Michigan 39.3 (34.9–43.9) 26.1 (23.4–29.0) 32.7 (30.4–35.0) 64.0 (60.4–67.4) 32.9 (29.1–36.9) 48.4 (45.4–51.5)
Mississippi 35.9 (32.4–39.6) 22.5 (20.2–24.8) 29.1 (27.3–31.0) 57.5 (52.0–62.8) 36.3 (33.3–39.3) 46.8 (43.7–49.8)
Missouri 58.8 (53.7–63.7) 29.0 (25.0–33.4) 44.6 (40.6–48.5)
Montana 35.6 (33.1–38.2) 23.8 (21.9–25.9) 29.5 (28.1–31.0) 54.6 (51.8–57.5) 27.7 (25.8–29.7) 40.7 (38.8–42.7)
Nebraska 35.6 (31.5–39.9) 25.5 (22.7–28.6) 30.3 (27.9–32.9) 55.2 (50.9–59.5) 32.1 (27.8–36.6) 43.2 (40.1–46.4)
Nevada 34.0 (30.2–38.0) 27.7 (24.4–31.2) 30.8 (27.5–34.2) 59.9 (55.8–63.9) 35.9 (32.6–39.3) 47.8 (44.2–51.4)
New Hampshire 61.2 (59.1–63.3) 27.6 (26.2–29.1) 44.1 (42.7–45.4)
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina 32.1 (28.8–35.6) 23.3 (20.5–26.3) 27.6 (25.7–29.6) 58.3 (55.3–61.2) 33.5 (29.7–37.5) 45.7 (43.6–47.8)
North Dakota 38.0 (34.6–41.5) 26.7 (24.1–29.5) 32.2 (30.0–34.4) 60.7 (57.2–64.0) 29.5 (26.8–32.4) 44.7 (42.5–46.8)
Oklahoma 40.2 (35.9–44.6) 24.0 (20.4–28.1) 32.2 (28.9–35.7) 62.8 (58.7–66.7) 31.9 (28.3–35.8) 47.6 (44.3–50.8)
Pennsylvania 36.3 (33.1–39.6) 25.7 (22.4–29.4) 30.9 (28.7–33.2) 56.9 (53.9–59.9) 31.4 (28.6–34.4) 44.0 (42.0–46.0)
Rhode Island 31.8 (29.3–34.4) 25.0 (23.0–27.1) 28.3 (26.5–30.2) 58.3 (53.6–62.9) 33.8 (29.4–38.5) 45.8 (43.0–48.7)
South Carolina 34.2 (28.7–40.1) 25.1 (21.9–28.7) 29.6 (27.0–32.4) 55.6 (51.2–59.8) 30.1 (26.2–34.5) 42.9 (40.0–45.8)
South Dakota 39.9 (34.3–45.8) 25.4 (21.9–29.3) 32.5 (29.3–35.8)
Tennessee 36.5 (34.1–38.9) 24.9 (22.4–27.6) 30.5 (28.6–32.5) 55.5 (53.1–57.9) 32.2 (29.4–35.1) 43.4 (41.5–45.4)
Vermont 36.3 (35.4–37.3) 26.1 (25.2–26.9) 31.1 (30.4–31.7) 56.2 (55.3–57.2) 27.9 (27.1–28.8) 41.9 (41.2–42.5)
Virginia 35.1 (32.0–38.3) 25.1 (22.6–27.7) 30.0 (28.1–31.9) 56.2 (52.8–59.5) 32.7 (29.7–35.8) 44.1 (41.5–46.6)
West Virginia 36.2 (32.9–39.6) 29.2 (26.3–32.3) 32.7 (30.4–35.0) 59.8 (56.5–63.0) 39.6 (36.1–43.1) 49.5 (47.1–51.9)
Wyoming 34.9 (31.8–38.0) 23.2 (20.5–26.2) 28.9 (26.7–31.1) 57.7 (54.1–61.2) 27.9 (25.2–30.7) 42.4 (40.3–44.5)
Median 36.0 25.5 30.6 59.0 32.6 45.2
Range (30.8–40.2) (21.6–29.4) (26.2–33.4) (54.6–64.0) (25.9–39.6) (40.7–49.5)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 29.3 (23.2–36.3) 19.3 (15.5–24.0) 24.2 (20.3–28.6) 51.5 (46.7–56.3) 30.4 (25.4–35.9) 41.1 (37.5–44.8)
Boston, MA 36.1 (32.7–39.7) 27.0 (23.8–30.5) 31.6 (29.1–34.1) 60.9 (57.2–64.6) 37.4 (33.1–41.9) 49.1 (46.1–52.1)
Broward County, FL 35.8 (32.3–39.5) 24.0 (20.5–27.8) 29.9 (27.5–32.4) 57.3 (53.4–61.1) 31.8 (27.7–36.1) 44.5 (41.4–47.7)
Cleveland, OH 39.1 (35.2–43.1) 26.0 (23.2–29.0) 32.4 (30.0–34.9) 59.7 (55.8–63.5) 36.1 (32.7–39.6) 47.5 (44.8–50.2)
DeKalb County, GA 33.2 (29.8–36.8) 16.6 (13.9–19.6) 24.8 (22.2–27.6) 56.4 (53.4–59.4) 29.4 (26.3–32.6) 43.0 (40.3–45.7)
Detroit, MI 32.0 (28.9–35.3) 17.3 (13.7–21.7) 25.5 (22.7–28.6) 58.6 (54.9–62.2) 39.6 (34.5–45.0) 49.9 (46.6–53.3)
District of Columbia 31.0 (29.7–32.4) 18.4 (17.2–19.7) 25.0 (24.0–25.9) 54.8 (53.4–56.3) 33.4 (31.9–35.0) 44.7 (43.6–45.8)
Duval County, FL 33.1 (30.7–35.7) 20.5 (18.3–22.9) 27.1 (25.3–29.0) 54.7 (51.9–57.5) 30.0 (27.4–32.8) 42.8 (40.8–44.8)
Ft. Worth, TX 39.7 (36.9–42.6) 28.3 (25.5–31.4) 34.1 (32.0–36.3) 61.3 (58.3–64.2) 41.2 (37.7–44.9) 51.3 (48.8–53.8)
Houston, TX 36.8 (34.3–39.3) 26.0 (23.9–28.2) 31.2 (29.4–33.0) 58.5 (55.2–61.7) 41.9 (39.2–44.5) 49.8 (48.0–51.7)
Los Angeles, CA 40.7 (35.6–46.0) 31.0 (27.2–35.1) 35.9 (31.9–40.2) 66.6 (64.1–69.1) 42.8 (38.7–47.0) 55.1 (52.5–57.6)
Miami-Dade County, FL 34.8 (31.8–38.0) 24.9 (21.8–28.4) 29.8 (27.6–32.2) 58.0 (55.0–61.0) 34.0 (31.2–36.9) 46.1 (44.1–48.2)
New York City, NY
Oakland, CA 38.7 (34.3–43.2) 24.3 (20.9–28.0) 31.2 (28.4–34.3)
Orange County, FL 31.0 (26.9–35.5) 23.3 (20.1–26.9) 27.1 (24.2–30.2) 57.2 (53.2–61.2) 30.5 (27.3–33.8) 43.8 (41.2–46.5)
Palm Beach County, FL 30.6 (27.3–34.1) 21.1 (18.7–23.7) 25.8 (23.7–28.1) 54.0 (51.1–56.9) 32.0 (29.2–34.8) 42.6 (40.6–44.8)
Philadelphia, PA 31.3 (28.3–34.6) 20.9 (17.1–25.1) 26.2 (24.0–28.6) 55.8 (51.5–59.9) 33.8 (29.3–38.6) 45.1 (42.1–48.2)
San Diego, CA 37.8 (34.1–41.7) 27.2 (24.2–30.3) 32.4 (30.2–34.7) 60.5 (57.0–63.8) 34.9 (31.3–38.7) 47.5 (44.7–50.2)
San Francisco, CA 40.8 (37.0–44.8) 23.1 (19.7–26.9) 31.5 (28.7–34.5) 58.4 (54.3–62.4) 33.8 (30.3–37.5) 45.9 (43.0–48.9)
Median 35.3 23.6 29.8 58.0 33.8 45.9
Range (29.3–40.8) (16.6–31.0) (24.2–35.9) (51.5–66.6) (29.4–42.8) (41.1–55.1)

*95% confidence interval.
Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 119. Percentage of high school students who had ever been told by a doctor or nurse that they had asthma and who saw a dentist,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Had asthma Saw a dentist
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 23.7 (21.9–25.6) 20.4 (18.4–22.6) 22.1 (20.7–23.5) 80.9 (77.7–83.7) 81.3 (77.9–84.3) 81.0 (78.2–83.6)
Black§ 27.3 (22.0–33.3) 28.4 (24.3–32.8) 27.8 (24.6–31.2) 64.2 (59.7–68.4) 61.1 (55.4–66.4) 62.5 (58.5–66.3)
Hispanic 22.0 (19.1–25.2) 23.0 (20.3–26.0) 22.5 (20.0–25.2) 68.1 (64.5–71.4) 64.8 (62.1–67.4) 66.4 (64.4–68.3)
Grade
9 23.5 (20.8–26.3) 22.6 (19.2–26.5) 23.0 (20.8–25.3) 75.1 (71.4–78.5) 76.5 (72.6–79.9) 75.6 (72.6–78.3)
10 22.7 (20.3–25.3) 22.6 (19.5–26.1) 22.7 (20.6–25.0) 76.4 (71.3–80.8) 72.1 (67.4–76.3) 74.2 (69.9–78.2)
11 23.6 (20.4–27.2) 22.8 (20.6–25.1) 23.2 (21.2–25.2) 75.8 (72.7–78.6) 75.8 (70.1–80.7) 75.6 (71.9–79.0)
12 23.6 (20.4–27.2) 20.9 (17.6–24.8) 22.3 (19.7–25.1) 75.0 (69.8–79.5) 70.5 (66.9–74.0) 72.7 (68.9–76.2)
Total 23.3 (21.8–24.9) 22.2 (20.5–24.0) 22.8 (21.5–24.1) 75.5 (72.6–78.1) 73.7 (70.4–76.8) 74.4 (71.6–77.1)

*For a check-up, exam, teeth cleaning, or other dental work during the 12 months before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 120. Percentage of high school students who had ever been told by a doctor or nurse that they had asthma and who saw a dentist,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Had asthma Saw a dentist
Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 22.0 (18.4–26.0) 28.7 (23.9–33.9) 25.2 (21.9–28.9) 73.5 (69.2–77.4) 68.0 (64.0–71.7) 70.4 (67.1–73.5)
Alaska 20.6 (17.7–23.9) 18.3 (15.6–21.4) 19.4 (17.4–21.6) 71.1 (66.0–75.7) 69.6 (65.1–73.8) 70.3 (66.5–73.8)
Arizona §
Arkansas 24.7 (20.3–29.6) 27.1 (23.8–30.7) 25.9 (23.3–28.7) 72.1 (68.4–75.6) 66.6 (62.1–70.9) 69.4 (67.6–71.2)
California 21.4 (18.1–25.3) 19.7 (16.9–22.8) 20.4 (18.3–22.8) 74.5 (70.9–77.9) 72.7 (67.2–77.7) 73.6 (70.2–76.8)
Connecticut 81.5 (77.6–84.9) 80.4 (76.9–83.5) 80.8 (78.0–83.3)
Delaware 24.4 (21.8–27.2) 26.5 (24.0–29.2) 25.4 (23.6–27.3) 77.2 (74.1–80.0) 70.0 (65.2–74.5) 73.3 (69.9–76.5)
Florida 22.8 (21.2–24.3) 23.5 (21.8–25.2) 23.2 (22.0–24.5) 67.7 (64.7–70.6) 64.1 (61.4–66.7) 65.7 (63.2–68.1)
Hawaii 30.4 (28.4–32.5) 32.2 (29.9–34.6) 31.3 (29.5–33.1) 72.4 (68.3–76.1) 69.4 (64.6–73.7) 70.8 (66.6–74.6)
Idaho 18.2 (15.2–21.7) 20.3 (17.2–23.8) 19.3 (17.4–21.3) 81.7 (78.8–84.4) 77.5 (72.8–81.6) 79.6 (77.1–81.9)
Illinois 21.1 (18.7–23.8) 21.6 (18.9–24.6) 21.4 (19.3–23.6) 78.9 (74.3–82.9) 75.3 (72.1–78.3) 77.1 (74.1–79.8)
Indiana 25.7 (21.8–29.9) 22.3 (19.1–25.9) 23.9 (21.2–26.8) 75.3 (69.9–80.0) 73.3 (66.1–79.4) 74.3 (69.1–78.9)
Kentucky 25.6 (22.6–29.0) 25.3 (22.4–28.4) 25.5 (23.1–28.1) 71.5 (67.0–75.5) 68.2 (64.2–71.9) 69.8 (66.5–72.9)
Maine 24.0 (22.5–25.5) 24.6 (23.1–26.1) 24.3 (23.2–25.4)
Maryland 25.2 (24.5–25.9) 27.4 (26.6–28.2) 26.3 (25.8–26.9) 77.5 (76.6–78.4) 75.2 (74.3–76.0) 76.1 (75.4–76.9)
Massachusetts
Michigan 24.0 (21.2–27.1) 26.7 (23.1–30.5) 25.3 (22.6–28.1) 75.2 (71.5–78.6) 72.3 (68.8–75.5) 73.7 (70.7–76.5)
Mississippi 26.0 (22.2–30.3) 24.6 (21.5–28.1) 25.6 (22.6–28.8)
Missouri 20.6 (16.2–25.8) 23.5 (20.2–27.1) 22.0 (18.7–25.7) 73.2 (67.5–78.3) 65.4 (60.4–70.1) 69.2 (65.7–72.6)
Montana 23.2 (21.5–25.0) 21.3 (18.8–23.9) 22.2 (20.7–23.9) 77.0 (73.7–80.0) 73.0 (70.4–75.5) 74.9 (72.6–77.0)
Nebraska 19.3 (16.5–22.5) 20.5 (17.3–24.2) 20.0 (17.5–22.8) 77.3 (73.5–80.7) 73.6 (69.8–77.2) 75.2 (72.4–77.8)
Nevada 70.0 (66.9–73.0) 67.8 (64.2–71.2) 68.9 (66.1–71.4)
New Hampshire 23.1 (21.7–24.6) 21.5 (20.2–22.8) 22.3 (21.3–23.4) 84.1 (82.8–85.2) 81.6 (80.2–83.0) 82.7 (81.8–83.7)
New Mexico 24.2 (22.7–25.7) 26.5 (24.7–28.4) 25.3 (24.2–26.5) 75.4 (73.7–77.1) 71.7 (69.7–73.7) 73.5 (72.0–75.0)
New York 25.2 (23.4–27.1) 25.8 (22.3–29.7) 25.6 (23.6–27.8) 74.0 (70.2–77.4) 72.2 (68.6–75.5) 73.0 (69.8–75.9)
North Carolina 24.5 (20.6–28.9) 27.5 (24.0–31.3) 25.9 (23.2–28.9)
North Dakota 78.6 (75.3–81.6) 75.5 (72.5–78.2) 77.0 (74.7–79.2)
Oklahoma 24.1 (20.8–27.7) 24.3 (21.4–27.4) 24.5 (22.1–27.0) 75.8 (71.4–79.7) 67.3 (61.8–72.4) 71.6 (67.5–75.4)
Pennsylvania 23.1 (20.5–25.9) 26.3 (23.6–29.3) 24.7 (22.9–26.6) 83.6 (79.8–86.7) 79.8 (76.0–83.2) 81.6 (78.5–84.4)
Rhode Island 80.2 (72.4–86.2) 76.0 (69.3–81.5) 78.0 (71.4–83.4)
South Carolina 21.1 (17.9–24.8) 24.2 (18.9–30.3) 22.6 (18.8–26.9) 69.2 (62.8–74.9) 69.9 (64.5–74.9) 69.6 (64.3–74.5)
South Dakota 81.0 (76.4–84.9) 72.8 (66.0–78.7) 76.8 (72.3–80.8)
Tennessee 21.7 (19.6–24.1) 21.6 (18.7–24.8) 21.8 (19.8–23.9) 70.1 (67.6–72.5) 66.9 (63.9–69.9) 68.5 (66.0–70.8)
Vermont
Virginia 22.3 (20.3–24.5) 22.4 (20.1–24.9) 22.4 (20.7–24.1) 77.1 (73.6–80.3) 74.2 (71.3–76.9) 75.6 (72.7–78.3)
West Virginia 24.9 (21.9–28.1) 27.1 (23.1–31.4) 25.9 (23.1–29.0) 74.3 (69.6–78.6) 72.3 (67.6–76.6) 73.3 (69.2–77.0)
Wyoming 23.1 (19.9–26.8) 23.5 (20.7–26.5) 23.4 (21.2–25.8) 76.9 (74.0–79.6) 73.1 (69.8–76.1) 74.9 (72.4–77.1)
Median 23.2 24.3 24.3 75.4 72.3 73.6
Range (18.2–30.4) (18.3–32.2) (19.3–31.3) (67.7–84.1) (64.1–81.6) (65.7–82.7)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 32.4 (29.0–36.0) 35.3 (30.3–40.6) 34.4 (31.1–37.8) 69.8 (65.5–73.8) 55.3 (49.9–60.6) 62.6 (59.4–65.7)
Boston, MA 70.7 (67.2–74.0) 71.4 (68.2–74.4) 71.1 (68.7–73.5)
Broward County, FL 21.0 (18.0–24.3) 26.0 (22.4–30.0) 23.7 (21.2–26.4) 64.5 (60.3–68.5) 67.1 (62.6–71.4) 65.7 (62.5–68.8)
Cleveland, OH
DeKalb County, GA 26.5 (23.6–29.6) 29.8 (26.4–33.4) 28.1 (25.9–30.3) 62.1 (58.4–65.7) 63.1 (58.9–67.1) 62.5 (59.6–65.4)
Detroit, MI 26.2 (23.3–29.3) 32.2 (28.6–36.1) 28.9 (26.4–31.5) 56.1 (52.0–60.1) 54.0 (48.9–58.9) 55.1 (51.6–58.6)
District of Columbia 30.4 (29.1–31.8) 31.0 (29.4–32.5) 30.8 (29.8–31.9)
Duval County, FL 25.7 (23.5–28.0) 27.2 (24.6–30.0) 26.2 (24.5–28.0) 67.5 (64.9–70.0) 64.2 (61.1–67.1) 65.7 (63.7–67.7)
Ft. Worth, TX 19.4 (17.0–21.9) 18.6 (16.2–21.3) 19.0 (17.3–20.7) 66.6 (64.0–69.1) 64.5 (61.0–67.9) 65.6 (63.4–67.8)
Houston, TX 21.4 (19.1–23.9) 23.3 (20.8–26.1) 22.4 (20.5–24.4) 62.2 (59.1–65.2) 59.1 (56.0–62.1) 60.4 (58.2–62.6)
Los Angeles, CA 20.6 (17.3–24.4) 18.7 (15.6–22.4) 19.7 (17.1–22.5) 71.0 (67.2–74.5) 68.5 (64.9–72.0) 69.6 (66.2–72.9)
Miami-Dade County, FL 20.8 (18.7–23.1) 24.9 (22.3–27.6) 22.8 (21.0–24.8) 65.9 (62.2–69.4) 63.6 (59.5–67.6) 64.8 (61.5–67.9)
New York City, NY 22.8 (20.2–25.6) 25.7 (22.8–28.8) 24.2 (22.0–26.6) 68.4 (65.9–70.8) 71.3 (68.7–73.8) 69.7 (68.1–71.3)
Oakland, CA 23.8 (20.2–27.7) 23.2 (19.6–27.4) 23.8 (21.3–26.5) 66.8 (62.5–70.9) 65.9 (62.0–69.6) 66.2 (62.9–69.3)
Orange County, FL 22.8 (19.9–26.0) 19.6 (16.7–22.8) 21.0 (19.2–23.1) 65.2 (61.3–68.9) 58.3 (53.1–63.3) 61.6 (58.1–65.0)
Palm Beach County, FL 20.7 (17.8–23.9) 25.8 (23.0–28.8) 23.4 (21.3–25.6) 65.2 (61.7–68.6) 64.6 (61.7–67.4) 64.5 (62.1–66.9)
Philadelphia, PA 28.7 (26.6–31.0) 28.4 (25.0–32.0) 28.5 (26.3–30.8) 70.4 (65.5–75.0) 65.2 (58.9–71.0) 67.8 (63.1–72.3)
San Diego, CA 17.7 (15.2–20.6) 20.5 (17.9–23.3) 19.2 (17.4–21.2) 72.5 (68.7–75.9) 68.6 (65.8–71.3) 70.5 (68.0–72.9)
San Francisco, CA 19.9 (17.2–22.8) 20.0 (17.0–23.4) 20.0 (17.9–22.4) 73.4 (69.4–77.1) 72.2 (68.6–75.5) 72.6 (70.3–74.9)
Median 22.8 25.7 23.7 66.8 64.6 65.7
Range (17.7–32.4) (18.6–35.3) (19.0–34.4) (56.1–73.4) (54.0–72.2) (55.1–72.6)

*For a check-up, exam, teeth cleaning, or other dental work during the 12 months before the survey.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 121. Percentage of high school students who had 8 or more hours of sleep,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 24.9 (22.5–27.4) 31.1 (27.9–34.6) 28.0 (25.6–30.5)
Black§ 20.6 (17.0–24.6) 25.6 (21.1–30.7) 23.5 (20.1–27.2)
Hispanic 26.8 (23.2–30.6) 32.9 (29.1–36.9) 29.8 (26.4–33.4)
Grade
9 29.1 (26.0–32.5) 39.3 (35.2–43.4) 34.4 (31.5–37.4)
10 23.1 (20.0–26.5) 33.8 (31.2–36.6) 28.4 (26.0–30.9)
11 23.0 (19.6–26.8) 22.9 (18.8–27.5) 22.9 (19.7–26.5)
12 22.2 (19.6–25.1) 22.6 (18.8–26.8) 22.4 (19.8–25.3)
Total 24.4 (22.3–26.7) 30.1 (27.2–33.0) 27.3 (25.1–29.6)

*On an average school night.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 122. Percentage of high school students who had 8 or more hours of sleep,* by sex — selected U.S. sites, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Site Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
State surveys
Alabama 25.3 (21.0–30.1) 31.2 (27.5–35.2) 28.1 (25.4–31.0)
Alaska §
Arizona
Arkansas 29.1 (24.4–34.2) 29.7 (25.0–34.9) 29.5 (25.3–34.0)
California 26.5 (20.6–33.2) 31.5 (26.4–37.2) 29.0 (23.7–34.9)
Connecticut 17.5 (14.9–20.4) 22.1 (19.4–25.1) 19.9 (18.1–21.7)
Delaware 22.0 (19.2–25.2) 26.6 (23.2–30.3) 24.2 (21.9–26.7)
Florida 21.1 (19.3–23.1) 25.0 (23.1–26.9) 23.1 (21.7–24.6)
Hawaii 22.5 (19.2–26.3) 27.0 (24.6–29.5) 24.7 (22.2–27.3)
Idaho
Illinois 21.6 (18.5–25.0) 25.4 (21.2–30.1) 23.5 (21.0–26.1)
Indiana 19.2 (16.0–22.9) 23.5 (20.7–26.6) 21.4 (19.2–23.8)
Kentucky 21.8 (18.7–25.2) 26.8 (22.8–31.2) 24.3 (21.5–27.3)
Maine
Maryland 22.1 (21.3–22.9) 25.7 (24.9–26.5) 23.8 (23.2–24.5)
Massachusetts 19.1 (16.9–21.6) 25.0 (21.9–28.3) 22.0 (19.8–24.3)
Michigan 18.5 (15.4–22.1) 22.0 (18.9–25.5) 20.3 (17.9–23.1)
Mississippi
Missouri 25.5 (21.4–30.1) 29.4 (25.9–33.2) 27.4 (24.0–31.0)
Montana 29.3 (27.5–31.2) 35.8 (33.0–38.6) 32.6 (30.9–34.4)
Nebraska 28.9 (24.5–33.8) 35.1 (31.1–39.3) 31.9 (28.6–35.5)
Nevada 22.7 (19.3–26.6) 25.6 (22.2–29.3) 24.1 (21.6–26.8)
New Hampshire 24.6 (22.5–26.9) 31.8 (30.0–33.6) 28.4 (26.9–29.9)
New Mexico 28.0 (26.1–30.0) 35.5 (33.6–37.5) 31.7 (30.2–33.3)
New York 21.2 (19.1–23.5) 22.4 (19.5–25.6) 21.9 (19.8–24.3)
North Carolina 20.8 (16.4–26.0) 29.3 (24.2–34.9) 25.0 (21.7–28.5)
North Dakota 28.1 (24.9–31.5) 30.9 (27.4–34.5) 29.5 (27.0–32.2)
Oklahoma 24.7 (20.8–29.1) 31.9 (28.1–36.0) 28.2 (25.1–31.5)
Pennsylvania 22.3 (19.4–25.5) 29.1 (26.3–32.1) 25.6 (23.3–28.1)
Rhode Island
South Carolina 26.2 (22.1–30.8) 29.8 (24.2–36.1) 27.9 (24.2–32.0)
South Dakota 34.7 (28.6–41.4) 41.5 (37.6–45.6) 38.2 (34.2–42.3)
Tennessee 29.1 (26.0–32.4) 29.7 (27.2–32.3) 29.4 (27.8–31.0)
Vermont
Virginia 25.1 (22.9–27.4) 30.0 (27.2–33.0) 27.6 (25.4–29.9)
West Virginia 16.2 (12.9–20.2) 18.9 (15.7–22.5) 17.5 (14.7–20.7)
Wyoming 28.3 (24.9–31.9) 32.4 (29.4–35.6) 30.3 (28.3–32.3)
Median 23.6 29.3 26.5
Range (16.2–34.7) (18.9–41.5) (17.5–38.2)
Large urban school district surveys
Baltimore, MD 23.5 (19.2–28.4) 24.4 (18.9–30.7) 23.9 (20.3–27.9)
Boston, MA 16.3 (13.6–19.4) 18.6 (15.5–22.2) 17.6 (15.3–20.3)
Broward County, FL 13.7 (11.0–17.0) 15.2 (12.3–18.7) 14.4 (12.4–16.6)
Cleveland, OH 19.5 (16.1–23.3) 20.3 (17.3–23.6) 20.1 (18.0–22.3)
DeKalb County, GA 18.0 (15.5–20.8) 21.4 (18.8–24.3) 19.6 (17.6–21.8)
Detroit, MI 15.9 (13.5–18.5) 14.6 (11.8–18.1) 15.3 (13.3–17.6)
District of Columbia 28.0 (26.8–29.3) 29.0 (27.6–30.3) 28.4 (27.5–29.4)
Duval County, FL 16.8 (14.5–19.5) 21.1 (18.8–23.6) 19.0 (17.2–21.0)
Ft. Worth, TX 30.4 (27.4–33.5) 32.1 (29.0–35.5) 31.3 (28.8–33.8)
Houston, TX 25.3 (22.7–28.2) 23.4 (20.6–26.5) 24.4 (22.4–26.6)
Los Angeles, CA 27.5 (22.6–33.1) 33.0 (29.5–36.8) 30.2 (26.8–33.8)
Miami-Dade County, FL 17.4 (14.9–20.3) 21.9 (19.0–25.2) 19.6 (17.3–22.0)
New York City, NY 23.1 (20.5–25.9) 27.3 (23.9–31.0) 25.2 (22.9–27.6)
Oakland, CA 28.6 (23.8–33.9) 30.3 (26.1–34.9) 29.4 (25.8–33.3)
Orange County, FL 16.8 (14.1–19.9) 24.5 (20.5–29.0) 20.6 (17.9–23.7)
Palm Beach County, FL 16.8 (14.2–19.6) 20.3 (17.6–23.3) 18.5 (16.4–20.8)
Philadelphia, PA 20.5 (17.7–23.7) 18.7 (14.1–24.3) 19.7 (16.8–22.8)
San Diego, CA 23.7 (20.8–26.8) 32.3 (28.5–36.5) 28.1 (25.2–31.3)
San Francisco, CA 22.7 (19.5–26.4) 27.2 (23.7–31.0) 24.8 (22.1–27.7)
Median 20.5 23.4 20.6
Range (13.7–30.4) (14.6–33.0) (14.4–31.3)

*On an average school night.
95% confidence interval.
§Not available.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 123. Percentage of high school students who used an indoor tanning device* and who had a sunburn, by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category

Race/Ethnicity

Female Male Total Female Male Total
% CI§ % CI % CI % CI % CI % CI
White 15.2 (11.7–19.5) 3.7 (2.7–5.2) 9.4 (7.5–11.6) 77.7 (72.1–82.4) 67.6 (64.0–71.0) 72.5 (68.3–76.4)
Black 2.1 (1.1–3.8) 5.3 (3.0–9.1) 3.7 (2.5–5.4) 16.2 (12.4–21.1) 13.4 (9.4–18.6) 15.0 (12.1–18.4)
Hispanic 5.8 (3.9–8.5) 3.7 (2.7–5.1) 4.7 (3.5–6.3) 43.8 (39.4–48.4) 38.0 (34.1–42.0) 40.8 (37.4–44.4)
Grade
9 6.0 (4.5–7.9) 2.7 (1.7–4.3) 4.2 (3.3–5.4) 60.0 (54.7–65.1) 50.4 (43.9–56.9) 54.9 (49.8–60.0)
10 7.1 (4.4–11.3) 3.5 (2.4–5.2) 5.3 (3.8–7.5) 58.9 (52.2–65.3) 52.9 (47.2–58.5) 55.9 (50.0–61.7)
11 14.0 (9.9–19.3) 3.9 (2.4–6.4) 9.0 (6.6–12.1) 60.7 (55.4–65.9) 52.4 (47.5–57.3) 56.4 (52.1–60.6)
12 16.2 (12.4–20.8) 5.8 (4.2–8.1) 10.9 (8.6–13.5) 59.5 (51.7–66.8) 52.2 (47.5–57.0) 55.8 (50.5–61.0)
Total 10.6 (8.4–13.4) 4.0 (3.2–5.0) 7.3 (6.0–8.9) 59.8 (54.1–65.2) 52.0 (47.9–56.0) 55.8 (51.2–60.3)

*Such as a sunlamp, sunbed, or tanning booth (not counting getting a spray-on tan) one or more times during the 12 months before the survey.
One or more times during the 12 months before the survey, counting even a small part of the skin turning red or hurting for 12 hours or more after being outside in the sun or after using a sunlamp or other indoor tanning device.
§95% confidence interval.
Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 124. Percentage of high school students who avoided foods because eating the food could cause an allergic reaction,* by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade — United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015
Category Female Male Total
% CI % CI % CI
Race/Ethnicity
White§ 19.5 (17.6–21.4) 11.3 (9.0–14.1) 15.4 (13.5–17.5)
Black§ 22.3 (17.4–28.1) 18.8 (13.2–26.1) 20.7 (17.1–24.8)
Hispanic 18.2 (15.9–20.8) 10.2 (8.3–12.5) 14.1 (12.7–15.7)
Grade
9 24.3 (21.3–27.7) 13.5 (10.9–16.6) 18.7 (16.7–20.8)
10 17.6 (15.1–20.4) 12.5 (10.0–15.5) 15.2 (13.5–17.1)
11 19.0 (16.9–21.3) 10.7 (8.3–13.8) 14.8 (13.0–16.8)
12 18.8 (16.6–21.2) 11.3 (8.3–15.2) 14.9 (12.9–17.1)
Total 19.9 (18.6–21.4) 12.0 (10.5–13.8) 16.0 (14.8–17.2)

*Such as skin rashes, swelling, itching, vomiting, coughing, or trouble breathing.
95% confidence interval.
§Non-Hispanic.

Return to your place in the textTABLE 125. National health objectives and leading health indicators from Healthy People 2020,* measured by the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2015.
Topic Area       % students in grades 9–12
Objective number* Objective Behavior description HP2020 target 2015 YRBS
Adolescent Health AH-7 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who have been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property Were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property during the past 12 months 20.4 21.7
Cancer C-20.3 Reduce the proportion of adolescents in grades 9 through 12 who report using artificial sources of ultraviolet light for tanning Used an indoor tanning device, such as a sunlamp, sunbed, or tanning booth one or more times during the 12 months before the survey 14.0 7.3
Cancer C-20.5 Increase the proportion of adolescents in grades 9 through 12 who follow protective measures that may reduce the risk of skin cancer Most of the time or always wore sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher when outside for more than 1 hour on a sunny day 11.2 NA
Injury and Violence Prevention IVP-34 Reduce physical fighting among adolescents In a physical fight one or more times during the 12 months before the survey 28.4 22.6
Injury and Violence Prevention IVP-35 Reduce bullying among adolescents Bullied on school property during the 12 months before the survey 17.9 20.2
Injury and Violence Prevention IVP-36 Reduce weapon carrying by adolescents on school property Carried a weapon (e.g., a gun, knife, or club) on school property on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey 4.6 4.1
Mental Health and Mental Disorders MHMD-2 Reduce suicide attempts by adolescents Made a suicide attempt during the 12 months before the survey that resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse 1.7 2.8
Mental Health and Mental Disorders MHMD-3 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who engage in disordered eating behaviors in an attempt to control their weight Did not eat for 24 or more hours; took diet pills, powders, or liquids without a doctor’s advice; or vomited or took laxatives to lose weight to keep from gaining weight during the 30 days before the survey 12.9 NA
Physical Activity PA-3.1 Increase the proportion of adolescents who meet current Federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity Were physically active doing any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time for a total of at least 60 minutes per day on each of the 7 days before the survey 20.2§ 27.1
Physical Activity PA-3.2 Increase the proportion of adolescents who meet current Federal physical activity guidelines for muscle-strengthening activity Participated in muscle strengthening activities, such as push-ups, sit-ups or weight lifting on 3 or more days during the 7 days before the survey None set 53.4
Physical Activity PA-3.3 Increase the proportion of adolescents who meet current Federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity and for muscle-strengthening activity Were physically active doing any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time for a total of at least 60 minutes per day on each of the 7 days before the survey and who participated in muscle strengthening activities, such as push-ups, sit-ups or weight lifting on 3 or more days during the 7 days before the survey None set 20.5
Physical Activity PA-5 Increase the proportion of adolescents who participate in daily school physical education Went to physical education classes 5 days in an average week when they are in school 36.6 29.8
Physical Activity PA-8.2.3 Increase the proportion of adolescents in grades 9 through 12 who view television, videos, or play video games for no more than 2 hours a day Watched television for no more than 2 hours per day on an average school day 73.9 75.3
Physical Activity PA-8.3.3 Increase the proportion of adolescents in grades 9 through 12 who use a computer or play computer games outside of school (for nonschool work) for no more than 2 hours a day Played video or computer games or used a computer for something that was not school work for no more than 2 hours per day on an average school day 82.6 58.3
Sleep Health SH-3 Increase the proportion of students in grades 9 through 12 who get sufficient sleep Had 8 or more hours of sleep on an average school night 33.2 27.3
Substance Abuse SA-1 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who report that they rode, during the previous 30 days, with a driver who had been drinking alcohol Rode in a car or other vehicle one or more times driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol during the 30 days before the survey 25.5 20.0
Tobacco Use TU-2.1 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who use tobacco products (past 30 days) Smoked cigarettes; used chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip; or smoked cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars on at least one day during the 30 days before the survey 21.0 17.0
Tobacco Use TU-2.2 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who use cigarettes (past 30 days) Currently smoked cigarettes on at least one day during the 30 days before the survey 16.0 10.8
Tobacco Use TU-2.3 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who use smokeless tobacco products (past 30 days) Currently used chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip on at least one day during the 30 days before the survey 6.9 7.3
Tobacco Use TU-2.4 Reduce the proportion of adolescents who use cigars (past 30 days) Currently smoked cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars on at least one day during the 30 days before the survey 8.0 10.3
Tobacco Use TU-7 Increase smoking cessation attempts by adolescent smokers Tried to quit smoking cigarettes, among students who ever smoked cigarettes daily during the 12 months before the survey 64.0 NA

*Source: Adapted from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and Office of Disease Prevention Health Promotion, Healthy People 2020. Washington, DC. Available at http://www.healthypeople.gov. Accessed January 17, 2016.
Not available from the 2015 national YRBS.
§The target setting method for this objective was a 10% improvement from the baseline; the baseline source was the 2009 national YRBS. However, because of changes in question context starting in 2011, national YRBS prevalence estimates derived from the 60 minutes of physical activity question in 2011, 2013, and 2015 are not comparable to those reported in 2009 or earlier. On the 2005–2009 national YRBS questionnaire, physical activity was assessed with three questions (in the following order) that asked the number of days students participated in 1) at least 20 minutes of vigorous physical activity; 2) at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity; and 3) at least 60 minutes of aerobic (moderate and vigorous) physical activity. On the 2011, 2013, and 2015 national YRBS questionnaire, only the 60 minutes of aerobic physical activity question was included.
Leading Health Indicator.


Suggested citation for this article: Kann L, McManus T, Harris WA, et al. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance United States, 2015. MMWR Surveill Summ 2016;65(No. SS-6):1–174. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6506a1.

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