Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-

RTECS #

KJ3150000

CAS #

79-00-5
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

March 2018

Molecular Weight

133.40

Molecular Formula

C₂H₃Cl₃

Synonyms

1,1,2-Trichlorethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ACGIH:OSHA)
1,2,2-Trichloroethane
beta-T
beta-Trichloroethane
Ethane trichloride
NCI-C04579
RCRA waste number U227
RCRA waste number U359
Trojchloroetan(1,1,2) (Polish)
Vinyl trichloride

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye /rabbit	162 mg	mild	EJTXAZ 9,171,1976
eye /rabbit	500 mg/24H	mild	85JCAE -,95,1986
skin /guinea pig	1440 mg/15M		APTOA6 41,298,1977
skin /rabbit	500 mg open irritation test	mild	UCDS** 6/28/1972
skin /rabbit	810 mg/24H	severe	EJTXAZ 9,171,1976
skin /rabbit	500 mg/24H	mild	85JCAE -,95,1986

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	skin/guinea pig	2880 µg/kg	APTOA6 41,298,1977
DNA adduct	lymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified)	1 mmol/L	TOLED5 11,243,1982
DNA Damage	lymphocyte/human	2500 µmol/L	MUREAV 371,185,1996
micronucleus test	lymphocyte/human	100 µmol/L	MUREAV 371,185,1996
morphological transform	embryo/mouse	25 mg/L	CALEDQ 28,85,1985
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	10 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step)	TECSDY 15,101,1987
other mutation test systems	/Escherichia coli	135 mmol/L	EMMUEG 19,98,1992
other mutation test systems	oral/mouse	100 mg/kg	MUREAV 343,157,1995
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	/Aspergillus nidulans	750 ppm	MUREAV 201,401,1988

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 76 gm/kg/78W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Endocrine: Adrenal cortex tumors	NCITR* NCI-TR-74,1978
oral/mouse	toxic dose: 152 gm/kg/78W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Endocrine: Adrenal cortex tumors	NCITR* NCI-TR-74,1978

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
In Vitro/Mouse, liver	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5.6 mmol/L/2H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)	TIVIEQ 3,145,1989
In Vitro/Rat, liver	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5.2 mmol/L/2H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)	TIVIEQ 3,145,1989
inhalation/cat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 13100 mg/m³/4.5H	Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: General anesthetic Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands	AHBAAM 116,131,1936
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 20400 mg/m³/17M	Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	VCVGH* -,381,1990
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 10000 mg/m³/2H	Behavioral: General anesthetic	VCVGH* -,380,1990
inhalation/rat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 500 ppm/4H		UCDS** 6/28/1972
intraperitoneal/Dog	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 450 mg/kg	Liver: Liver function tests impaired	TXAPA9 10,119,1967
intraperitoneal/guinea pig	lowest published lethal dose: 970 mg/kg		AOHYA3 19,115,1976
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 494 mg/kg		TXAPA9 9,139,1966
intraperitoneal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 265 mg/kg		ENVRAL 40,411,1986
intravenous/Dog	lowest published lethal dose: 95 mg/kg		QJPPAL 7,205,1934
oral/Dog	lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg	Behavioral: Sleep Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal	AJHYA2 16,325,1932
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 378 mg/kg		VCVGH* -,381,1990
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 378 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach	DCTODJ 8,333,1985
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 580 mg/kg		ENTOX* -,380,2005
skin/guinea pig	lowest published lethal dose: 970 mg/kg		AOHYA3 19,115,1976
skin/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3730 µL/kg		AIHAAP 30,470,1969
subcutaneous/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 227 mg/kg		JPETAB 123,224,1958
subcutaneous/rabbit	lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg		QJPPAL 7,205,1934

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 532 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight	DCTODJ 8,333,1985
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 27 gm/kg/90D- continuous	Liver: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases	DCTODJ 8,333,1985

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 10 ppm (skin)	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence	IMEMDT 20,533,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence	IMEMDT 52,337,1991
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence	IMEMDT 71,1153,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data	IMEMDT 20,533,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human No Available Data	IMEMDT 52,337,1991
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data	IMEMDT 71,1153,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 3	IMEMDT 71,1153,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FAZMAE 18,365,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		AIHAAP 40(3),A46,1979
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		DIMON* 39,678,1993
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,380,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 47,1287,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 23,271,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 55,596,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 769,34,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 32,491,2017

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 10 ppm (45 mg/m³) (skin)	DTLVS* 3,263,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt	time-weighted average 10 ppm (40 mg/m³), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 10 ppm (55 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 10 ppm (55 mg/m³);KZW 50 ppm (275 mg/m³), skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 10 ppm (56 mg/m³), Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 10 ppm (54 mg/m³), skin, carc, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 10 ppm (55 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 20 ppm (110 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY	MAK 10 ppm (55 mg/m³), skin, 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	Prohibited in Hungary, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 10 ppm (54 mg/m³), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	Occupational Exposure Limit 10 ppm (55 mg/m³), skin, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 10 ppm (55 mg/m³), skin, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 10 ppm (45 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 20 ppm (30 mg/m³) (skin), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 10 ppm (55 mg/m³), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 10 ppm (54 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 10 ppm (55 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	time-weighted average 10 ppm, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 10 ppm (55 mg/m³), KZG-week 20 ppm (110 mg/m³), carc 3, skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 45 mg/m³, Skin, 2003
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 10 ppm (45 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 10 ppm (45 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 10 ppm (45 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 10 ppm (45 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE-air	10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 10 ppm (Sk)	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 73770; Number of Industries 4; Total Number of Facilities 95; Number of Occupations 12; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1038; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 16
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 73770; Number of Industries 12; Total Number of Facilities 1422; Number of Occupations 18; Total Number of Employees Exposed 10453

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/90/196411/AS)
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);clear evidence:mouse	NCITR* NCI-TR-74,1978
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);no evidence:rat	NCITR* NCI-TR-74,1978
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 27, 1978
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #11

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health