Issue 33, August 16, 2022
CDC Science Clips: Volume 14, Issue 33, August 16, 2022
Science Clips is produced weekly to enhance awareness of emerging scientific knowledge for the public health community. Each article features an Altmetric Attention score to track social and mainstream media mentions.
The report consists of these components:
- CDC Authored Publications
The names of CDC authors are indicated in bold text.
Articles published in the past 6-8 weeks authored by CDC or ATSDR staff.- Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic
Stewardship
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Outpatient antifungal prescribing patterns in the United States, 2018
Benedict K, Tsay SV, Bartoces MG, Vallabhaneni S, Jackson BR, Hicks LA.
Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2022 Dec 22;1.
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- Chronic Diseases and Conditions
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Associations of emergency department visits for asthma with precipitation and temperature on thunderstorm days: A time-series analysis of data from Louisiana, USA, 2010-2012
Park JH, Lee E, Fechter-Leggett ED, Williams E, Yadav S, Bakshi A, Ebelt S, Bell JE, Strosnider H, Chew GL.
Environ Health Perspect. 2022 Aug;130(8):87003. -
High-resolution mass spectrometry for the measurement of PTH and PTH fragments: Insights into PTH physiology and bioactivity
Ulmer CZ, Kritmetapak K, Singh RJ, Vesper HW, Kumar R.
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Aug;33(8):1448-1458. -
Trends in glycemia between 2002 and 2016 among incident youth cohorts early in the course of type 1 diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Igudesman D, Reboussin BA, Souris KJ, Pihoker C, Dolan L, Lawrence JM, Saydah S, Dabelea D, Marcovina S, Clouet-Foraison N, Malik FS, Mayer-Davis EJ.
J Diabetes Res. 2022 ;2022:8554991. -
Chronic conditions among adults aged 18─34 years - United States, 2019
Watson KB, Carlson SA, Loustalot F, Town M, Eke PI, Thomas CW, Greenlund KJ.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jul 29;71(30):964-970.
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- Communicable Diseases
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Adherence challenges and opportunities for optimizing care through enhanced adherence counseling for adolescents with suspected HIV treatment failure in Kenya
Gill MM, Ndimbii JN, Otieno-Masaba R, Ouma M, Jabuto S, Ochanda B.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Jul 29;22(1):962. -
Hepatitis C virus infection preceding an outbreak of HIV among persons who inject drugs- Kanawha County, West Virginia, 2019-2021
Hudson AG, Bonacci RA, Moorman AC, Penley M, Wilson SM, Hoffman JL, Thomasson ER, Paul McClung R, Bixler D.
Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Jul 29. -
Spatiotemporal trends in norovirus outbreaks in the United States, 2009-2019
Kambhampati AK, Calderwood L, Wikswo ME, Barclay L, Mattison CP, Balachandran N, Vinjé J, Hall AJ, Mirza SA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 1. -
A 21st century appraisal of Whipple's Disease and Tropheryma whipplei
Paddock CD, Fenollar F, Lagier JC, Raoult D.
Clin Microbiol Newsl. 2022 ;44(14):123-129. -
Feasibility, acceptability, and barriers to implementing select non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the transmission of pandemic influenza - United States, 2019
Ahmed F, Qualls N, Kowalczyk S, Randolph Cunningham S, Zviedrite N, Uzicanin A.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2022 Aug 1:1-22. -
Red blood cell distribution width and pediatric community-acquired pneumonia disease severity
Lee J, Zhu Y, Williams DJ, Self WH, Arnold SR, McCullers JA, Ampofo K, Pavia AT, Anderson EJ, Jain S, Edwards KM, Grijalva CG.
Hosp Pediatr. 2022 Aug 4. -
Safety and efficacy of a biodegradable implant releasing tenofovir alafenamide for vaginal protection in a macaque model
Massud I, Krovi A, Nishiura K, Ruone S, Li L, Holder A, Gary J, Mills P, Mitchell J, Khalil G, Pan Y, Luecke E, Gatto G, Heneine W, Garcίa-Lerma JG, Johnson L, van der Straten A, Dobard C.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2022 Aug 1. -
Respiratory syncytial virus among children hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection in Kashmir, a temperate region in northern India
Koul PA, Saha S, Kaul KA, Mir H, Potdar V, Chadha M, Iuliano D, Lafond KE, Lal RB, Krishnan A.
J Glob Health. 2022 ;12. -
"We in this fight together…": HIV treatment and prevention among couples of HIV-discordant Black and Latino men who have sex with men
Denson DJ, Gelaude D, Schoua-Glusberg A.
J Prev Health Promot. 2022 Jan;1. -
Progress toward the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus - worldwide, 2016-2021
Khetsuriani N, Lesi O, Desai S, Armstrong PA, Tohme RA.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jul 29;71(30):958-963. -
Tecovirimat and the treatment of Monkeypox - past, present, and future considerations
Sherwat A, Brooks JT, Birnkrant D, Kim P.
N Engl J Med. 2022 Aug 3. -
Modeling scenarios for mitigating outbreaks in congregate settings
Blumberg S, Lu P, Kwan AT, Hoover CM, Lloyd-Smith JO, Sears D, Bertozzi SM, Worden L.
PLoS Comput Biol. 2022 Jul;18(7):e1010308. -
Progress towards the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets among pregnant women in South Africa: Results from the 2017 and 2019 national Antenatal HIV Sentinel Surveys
Woldesenbet S, Cheyip M, Lombard C, Manda S, Ayalew K, Kufa T, Puren A.
PLoS One. 2022 ;17(7):e0271564. -
Creating a path forward: understanding the context of sexual health and sexually transmitted infections in American Indian/Alaska Native populations - a review
Leston J, Wenger H, Reilley B, Craig Rushing S, Rink E, Warren H, Howe J, Bloomquist P, Tah T, Jeffries I, Iralu J, Thorpe P, Apostolou A, Taylor MM.
Sex Health. 2022 Jun 28. -
Effect of screening and treatment for gonorrhea and chlamydia on HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in the United States: A modeling analysis
Jones J, Le Guillou A, Gift TL, Chesson H, Bernstein K, Delaney K, Lyles C, Berruti A, Sullivan PS, Jenness SM.
Sex Transm Dis. 2022 Jul 28.
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- Community Health Services
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Sexual health discussion practices and HIV clinical care provided by primary care providers in the Southeast United States, K-BAP Study (2017-2018)
Townes A, Gaul Z, Henny KD.
Fam Pract. 2022 Jul 28. -
A pretest-posttest design to assess the effectiveness of an intervention to reduce HIV-related stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings in Vietnam
Pollack TM, Duong HT, Nhat Vinh DT, Phuong DT, Thuy DH, Nhung VT, Uyen NK, Linh VT, Van Truong N, Le Ai KA, Ninh NT, Nguyen A, Canh HD, Cosimi LA.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2022 Jul;25 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):e25932. -
Causes, characteristics, and patterns of prolonged unplanned school closures prior to the COVID-19 pandemic-United States, 2011-2019
Jahan FA, Zviedrite N, Gao H, Ahmed F, Uzicanin A.
PLoS One. 2022 ;17(7):e0272088.
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- Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Services
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Tracking hurricane-related deaths in the contiguous United States using media reports from 2012 to 2020
Williams S, Jiva S, Hanchey A, Suárez-Soto RJ, Bayleyegn T, Schnall AH.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2022 Jul 28:1-6.
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- Environmental Health
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Longitudinal changes in maternal serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from pregnancy to two years postpartum
Oh J, Bennett DH, Tancredi DJ, Calafat AM, Schmidt RJ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Shin HM.
Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Jul 29. -
Mycobiota and the contribution of yeasts in floor dust of 50 elementary schools characterized with sequencing internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA
Park JH, Lemons AR, Croston TL, Park Y, Roseman J, Green BJ, Cox-Ganser JM.
Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Jul 28.
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- Epidemiology and Surveillance
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Constructing statistical intervals for small area estimates based on generalized linear mixed model in health surveys
Wang Y, Zhang X, Lu H, Croft JB, Greenlund KJ.
Open J Stat. 2022 ;12(1). -
Mobile tablets for real-time data collection for hospital-based birth defects surveillance in Kampala, Uganda: Lessons learned
Kalibbala D, Kakande A, Serunjogi R, Williamson D, Mumpe-Mwanja D, Namale-Matovu J, Valencia D, Nalwoga B, Namirembe C, Seyionga J, Nanfuka M, Nakimuli S, Achom MO, Mwambi K, Musoke P, Barlow-Mosha L.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2022 Jun 24;2(6).
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- Food Safety
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A multiple-serotype outbreak of Salmonella infections linked to kratom, United States, 2017-2018
Schwensohn C, Nsubuga J, Cronquist L, Jose G, Mastel L, McCullough L, Smith L, Powell M, Booth H, Allen K, Classon A, Gieraltowski L.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2022 Aug 1.
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- Global Health
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Thinking about differences in the worldwide prevalence of cerebral palsy
Paneth N, Yeargin-Allsopp M.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2022 Jul 28. -
Imported Monkeypox from international traveler, Maryland, USA, 2021
Minhaj FS, Rao AK, McCollum AM.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Aug;28(8):1738. -
The case for integrating health systems to manage noncommunicable and infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries: Lessons learned from Zambia
Richter P, Aslam M, Kostova D, Lasu AA, Vliet GV, Courtney LP, Chisenga T.
Health Secur. 2022 Jul 29. -
Low risk of acquiring melioidosis from the environment in the continental United States
Hall CM, Romero-Alvarez D, Martz M, Santana-Propper E, Versluis L, Jiménez L, Alkishe A, Busch JD, Maness T, Stewart J, Sidwa T, Gee JE, Elrod MG, Weiner Z, Hoffmaster AR, Sahl JW, Salzer JS, Peterson AT, Kieffer A, Wagner DM.
PLoS One. 2022 ;17(7):e0270997.
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- Health Economics
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Maximizing the impact of voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention in Zambia by targeting high-risk men: A pre/post program evaluation
Lukobo-Durrell M, Aladesanmi L, Suraratdecha C, Laube C, Grund J, Mohan D, Kabila M, Kaira F, Habel M, Hines JZ, Mtonga H, Chituwo O, Conkling M, Chipimo PJ, Kachimba J, Toledo C.
AIDS Behav. 2022 Jul 28. -
Cost of cigarette smoking‒attributable productivity losses, U.S., 2018
Shrestha SS, Ghimire R, Wang X, Trivers KF, Homa DM, Armour BS.
Am J Prev Med. 2022 Jul 27.
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- Health Equity and Health Disparities
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Causes of death among individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus by race and ethnicity: a population-based study
Taylor T, Anastasiou C, Ja C, Rush S, Trupin L, Dall'Era M, Katz P, Barbour KE, Greenlund KJ, Yazdany J, Gianfrancesco MA.
Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2022 Jul 29. -
Determinants of colorectal cancer screening among South Asian Americans
Mukherjea A, Shariff-Marco S, Yang J, Tseng W, Palaniappan L, Li J, Ivey SL, Somsouk M, Gomez SL.
J Asian Health. 2022 Apr;10(e202202):1-12. -
Health equity guiding frameworks and indices in injury: A review of the literature
Lennon NH, Carmichael AE, Qualters JR.
J of Safety Res. 2022 . -
High HIV prevalence and associated factors in Lesotho: Results from a population-based survey
Schwitters A, McCracken S, Frederix K, Tierney R, Koto M, Ahmed N, Thin K, Dobbs T, Sithole S, Letsie M, Parekh B, Patel H, Birhanu S, Wiesner L, Low A.
PLoS One. 2022 ;17(7):e0271431. -
New for PCD in 2022: Increased impact factor, expanded expertise, first guest editorial board, and progress in diversity, equity, and inclusion goals
Jack L.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2022 Jul 28;19:E46.
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- Healthcare Associated Infections
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Carbapenem-Resistant enterobacterales in individuals with and without health care risk factors -Emerging infections program, United States, 2012-2015
Bulens SN, Reses HE, Ansari UA, Grass JE, Carmon C, Albrecht V, Lawsin A, McAllister G, Daniels J, Lee YK, Yi S, See I, Jacob JT, Bower CW, Wilson L, Vaeth E, Lynfield R, Vagnone PS, Shaw KM, Dumyati G, Tsay R, Phipps EC, Bamberg W, Janelle SJ, Beldavs ZG, Cassidy PM, Kainer M, Muleta D, Mounsey JT, Laufer-Halpin A, Karlsson M, Lutgring JD, Walters MS.
Am J Infect Control. 2022 May 25.
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- Immunity and Immunization
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Influenza vaccination coverage among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries
Tsai Y, Singleton JA, Razzaghi H.
Am J Prev Med. 2022 Jul 26. -
Factors associated with delayed or missed second-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccination among persons >12 years of age, United States
Meng L, Murthy NC, Murthy BP, Zell E, Saelee R, Irving M, Fast HE, Roman PC, Schiller A, Shaw L, Black CL, Gibbs-Scharf L, Harris L, Chorba T.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Aug;28(8):1633-1641. -
HPV type-specific trends in cervical precancers in the United States, 2008-2016
Gargano JW, McClung N, Lewis RM, Park IU, Whitney E, Castilho JL, Pemmaraju M, Niccolai LM, Brackney M, Debess E, Ehlers S, Bennett NM, Scahill M, Cleveland AA, Querec TD, Unger ER, Markowitz LE.
Int J Cancer. 2022 Jul 29. -
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States prior to the Delta and Omicron-associated surges: a retrospective cohort study of repeat blood donors
Grebe E, Yu EA, Bravo MD, Welte A, Bruhn RL, Stone M, Green V, Williamson PC, Feldstein LR, Jones JM, Busch MP, Custer B.
J Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 3. -
COVID-19 vaccination intentions, concerns, and facilitators among US parents of children ages 6 months through 4 years
Scherer AM, Gidengil CA, Gedlinske AM, Parker AM, Askelson NM, Woodworth KR, Petersen CA, Lindley MC.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Aug 1;5(8):e2227437. -
Addressing immunizations in nursing education: Immunization resources for undergraduate nursing
Buckner S, Gallego R, McNaughton D, Brasher S, Stanley J, Jacobs A, Hamborsky J, Schillie S, Hunsaker S, Kyler KJ, Lewis AL, Page D.
Journal of Professional Nursing. 2022 ;42:173-177. -
Safety monitoring of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine second booster doses among adults aged ≥50 years - United States, March 29, 2022-July 10, 2022
Hause AM, Baggs J, Marquez P, Abara WE, Baumblatt J, Blanc PG, Su JR, Hugueley B, Parker C, Myers TR, Gee J, Shimabukuro TT, Shay DK.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jul 29;71(30):971-976. -
Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis following BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccination
Goddard K, Lewis N, Fireman B, Weintraub E, Shimabukuro T, Zerbo O, Boyce TG, Oster ME, Hanson KE, Donahue JG, Ross P, Naleway A, Nelson JC, Lewin B, Glanz JM, Williams JT, Kharbanda EO, Katherine Yih W, Klein NP.
Vaccine. 2022 Jul 12.
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- Informatics
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Insights on the differentiation of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths: A study from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network
Quincer E, Philipsborn R, Morof D, Salzberg NT, Vitorino P, Ajanovic S, Onyango D, Ogbuanu I, Assefa N, Sow SO, Mutevedzi P, El Arifeen S, Tippet Barr BA, Scott JA, Mandomando I, Kotloff KL, Jambai A, Akelo V, Cain CJ, Chowdhury AI, Gure T, Igunza KA, Islam F, Keita AM, Madrid L, Mahtab S, Mehta A, Mitei PK, Ntuli C, Ojulong J, Rahman A, Samura S, Sidibe D, Thwala BN, Varo R, Madhi SA, Bassat Q, Gurley ES, Blau DM, Whitney CG.
PLoS One. 2022 ;17(7):e0271662.
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- Injury and Violence
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Preventing falls among older adults in primary care: A mixed methods process evaluation using the RE-AIM framework
Johnston YA, Reome-Nedlik C, Parker EM, Bergen G, Wentworth L, Bauer M.
Gerontologist. 2022 Aug 2. -
National estimates of emergency department visits for medication-related self-harm: United States, 2016-2019
Geller AI, Ehlman DC, Lovegrove MC, Budnitz DS.
Inj Prev. 2022 Aug 3. -
Increased unintentional drowning deaths in 2020 by age, race/ethnicity, sex, and location, United States
Moreland B, Ortmann N, Clemens T.
J of Safety Res. 2022 . -
Differences in fall-related emergency departments visits with and without an injury, 2018
Moreland BL, Burns ER, Haddad YK.
J Safety Res. 2022 . -
Gun carrying among youths, by demographic characteristics, associated violence experiences, and risk behaviors - United States, 2017-2019
Simon TR, Clayton HB, Dahlberg LL, David-Ferdon C, Kilmer G, Barbero C.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jul 29;71(30):953-957.
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- Laboratory Sciences
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Evaluation of a wearable consumer noise measurement device in a laboratory setting
Roberts B, Jacobs N, Mathis C, Reamer H, Kardous C, Gaffney S, L. Neitzel RN.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2022 ;152(1):547-552. -
Success in harmonization of laboratory measurements, yet more to be done
Vesper HW, Sugahara O, Pokuah F, Danilenko U, Lyle AN.
J Appl Lab Med. 2022 Jul 28.
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- Maternal and Child Health
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Trends and distribution of in-hospital mortality among pregnant and postpartum individuals by pregnancy period
Admon LK, Ford ND, Ko JY, Ferre C, Kroelinger CD, Kozhimannil KB, Kuklina EV.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jul 1;5(7):e2224614. -
Breastfeeding and post-perinatal infant deaths in the United States, A national prospective cohort analysis
Li R, Ware J, Chen A, Nelson JM, Kmet JM, Parks SE, Morrow AL, Chen J, Perrine CG.
Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022 Jan;5.
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- Occupational Safety and Health
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Elevated exposures to respirable crystalline silica among engineered stone fabrication workers in California, January 2019-February 2020
Surasi K, Ballen B, Weinberg JL, Materna BL, Harrison R, Cummings KJ, Heinzerling A.
Am J Ind Med. 2022 Jul 28. -
Hazardous dusts from the fabrication of countertop: a review
Mandler WK, Qi C, Qian Y.
Arch Environ Occup Health. 2022 Aug 1:1-9. -
Investigation of COVID-19 outbreak among wildland firefighters during wildfire response, Colorado, USA, 2020
Metz AR, Bauer M, Epperly C, Stringer G, Marshall KE, Webb LM, Hetherington-Rauth M, Matzinger SR, Totten SE, Travanty EA, Good KM, Burakoff A.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Aug;28(8):1551-1558. -
Practices and activities among healthcare personnel with severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection working in different healthcare settings-ten Emerging Infections Program sites, April-November 2020
Chea N, Eure T, Penna AR, Brown CJ, Nadle J, Godine D, Frank L, Czaja CA, Johnston H, Barter D, Miller BF, Angell K, Marshall K, Meek J, Brackney M, Carswell S, Thomas S, Wilson LE, Perlmutter R, Marceaux-Galli K, Fell A, Lim S, Lynfield R, Davis SS, Phipps EC, Sievers M, Dumyati G, Concannon C, McCullough K, Woods A, Seshadri S, Myers C, Pierce R, Ocampo VL, Guzman-Cottrill JA, Escutia G, Samper M, Pena SA, Adre C, Groenewold M, Thompson ND, Magill SS.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2022 Aug;43(8):1058-1062.
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- Parasitic Diseases
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Onchocerciasis: Target product profiles of in vitro diagnostics to support onchocerciasis elimination mapping and mass drug administration stopping decisions
Biamonte MA, Cantey PT, Coulibaly YI, Gass KM, Hamill LC, Hanna C, Lammie PJ, Kamgno J, Nutman TB, Oguttu DW, Sankara DP, Stolk WA, Unnasch TR.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Aug 3;16(8):e0010682.
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- Public Health Leadership and Management
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The development of task sharing policy and guidelines in Kenya
Kinuthia R, Verani A, Gross J, Kiriinya R, Hepburn K, Kioko J, Langat A, Katana A, Waudo A, Rogers M.
Hum Resour Health. 2022 Jul 29;20(1):61.
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- Substance Use and Abuse
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Defining opioid-related problems using a health care safety net institution's inpatient electronic health records: Limitations of diagnosis-based definitions
Arifkhanova A, Prieto JT, Davidson AJ, Al-Tayyib A, Hawkins E, Kraus E, McEwen D, Podewils LJ, Foldy S, Gillespie E, Taub J, Shlay JC.
J Addict Med. 2022 Aug 1.
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- Veterinary Medicine
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Toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae infection in cat, Texas, USA
Tyler R, Rincon L, Weigand MR, Xiaoli L, Acosta AM, Kurien D, Ju H, Lingsweiler S, Prot EY.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Aug;28(8):1686-1688.
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- Zoonotic and Vectorborne Diseases
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Prevalence of individual brain and eye defects potentially related to Zika virus in pregnancy in 22 U.S. states and territories, January 2016 to June 2017
Delaney A, Olson SM, Roth NM, Cragan JD, Godfred-Cato S, Smoots AN, Fornoff J, Nestoridi E, Eckert V, Forkner A, Stolz A, Crawford K, Cho SJ, Elmore A, Langlois P, Nance A, Denson L, Forestieri N, Leedom VO, Tran T, Valencia-Prado M, Romitti P, Barton JE, St John K, Mann S, Orantes L, DeWilde L, Tong VT, Gilboa SM, Moore CA, Honein MA.
Birth Defects Res. 2022 Jul 30. -
Emergence of dengue virus serotype 2 cosmopolitan genotype, Brazil
Giovanetti M, Pereira LA, Santiago GA, Fonseca V, Mendoza MP, de Oliveira C, de Moraes L, Xavier J, Tosta S, Fristch H, de Castro Barbosa E, Rodrigues ES, Figueroa-Romero D, Padilla-Rojas C, Cáceres-Rey O, Mendonça AF, de Bruycker Nogueira F, Venancio da Cunha R, de Filippis AM, Freitas C, Peterka CR, de Albuquerque CF, Franco L, Méndez Rico JA, Muñoz-Jordán JL, Lemes da Silva V, Alcantara LC.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Aug;28(8):1725-1727.
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- Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic
Stewardship
DISCLAIMER: Articles listed in the CDC Science Clips are selected by the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library to provide current awareness of the public health literature. An article's inclusion does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.