Appendix: Prophylaxis and Screening for Prevention of Respiratory Illness in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Systematic Review

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Appendix: Prophylaxis and Screening for Prevention of Respiratory Illness in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Systematic Review – Print Version [PDF – 11 pages]

A. Search Strategies and Results

A.1. Guideline Search Strategies (April 2011)

Table 1. Search of MEDLINE® for Guidelines
Table 1. Search of MEDLINE® for Guidelines
# Search History Results
1 exp Respiratory Tract Infections/ 244,589
2 exp Virus Diseases/ 599,053
3 1 and 2 52,335
4 exp Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/ 3,517
5 3 or 4 54,539
6 limit 5 to (english language and humans and (guideline or practice guideline)) 156
7 limit 6 to (systematic reviews) 130
8 limit 7 to (all infant (birth to 23 months)) 61
Table 2. Search of Cochrane Library for Guidelines
Table 2 Search of Cochrane Library for Guidelines
# Search History Results
1 (virus diseases):ti,ab,kw and (respiratory tract infections):ti,ab,kw 153
2 (respiratory syncytial virus):ti,ab,kw 361
3 1 or 2, in Cochrane Reviews and Health Technology Assessments 25
Table 3. Search of National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) for Guidelines
Table 3. Search of National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) for Guidelines
Keyword Results
respiratory viral infection 140
limit to infant age group 64
Table 4. Search of American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for Guideline
Table 4. Search of American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for Guideline
Search History Results
Browsed http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/site/aappolicy/index.xhtml 49
Table 5. Search of Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) for Guidelines
Table 5. Search of Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) for Guidelines
Search History Results
Browsed http://www.apic.org 3
Table 6. Search of CDC and Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) for Guidelines
Table 6. Search of CDC and Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) for Guidelines
Search History Results
Browsed http://www.cdc.gov/hicpac 2
Table 7. Search of Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) for Guidelines
Table 7. Search of Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) for Guidelines
Search History Results
Browsed http://www.idsociety.org 1
Table 8. Search of National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) for Guidelines
Table 8. Search of National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) for Guidelines
Search History Results
Browsed http://guidance.nice.org.uk 1
Table 9. Search of Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) for Guidelines
Table 9. Search of Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) for Guidelines
Search History Results
Browsed http://sign.ac.uk/guidelines/index.html 0
Table 10. Search of Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) for Guidelines
Table 10. Search of Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) for Guidelines
Search History Results
Browsed http://www.shea-online.org 1
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A.2. Primary Study Search Strategies: Viral Respiratory Illnesses/ RSV

Table 11. Primary Viral Illness Search of MEDLINE®
Table 11. Primary Viral Illness Search of MEDLINE
Search History Results through 12/2012 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016 Results 7/5/2016 11/18/2022
exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ or exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ OR Infant, Newborn/
AND
(exp Respiratory Tract Infections/ AND exp Virus Diseases/) OR exp Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/ or exp Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/
AND
exp Infection Control/ OR exp Cross Infection/ OR exp Communicable Disease Control/
NOT
Exp Animals/ NOT exp humans/
AND
publication dates
English		 341 158 631
Table 12. Primary Viral Illness Search of EMBASE
Table 12. Primary Viral Illness Search of EMBASE
Search History Results through 12/2012 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016 Results 7/5/2016 11/18/2022
(Exp respiratory tract infection/ and exp virus infection/) OR Exp respiratory syncytial virus infection/ OR exp respiratory syncytial pneumovirus/
AND
Exp newborn intensive care/ or exp newborn/
AND
Exp infection control/ or exp hospital infection/ or exp cross infection/
NOT
Exp Animal/ NOT exp human/
AND
publication dates
English		 16 9 52
Table 13. Primary Viral Illness Search of Cochrane Library
Table 13. Primary Viral Illness Search of Cochrane Library
Search History Results through 12/2012 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016 Results 7/5/2016 11/18/2022
  1. Intensive Care Units, Neonatal explode all trees
  2. Intensive Care, Neonatal explode all trees
  3. Infant, Newborn explode all trees
  4. #1 OR #2 OR #3
  5. “Respiratory Tract Infections” explode all trees
  6. “Virus Diseases” explode all trees
  7. #5 AND #6
  8. “Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections” explode all trees
  9. #7OR #8
  10. Infection Control explode all trees
  11. Cross Infection explode all trees
  12. Communicable Disease Control explode all trees
  13. #10 OR #11 OR #12
  14. #4 AND #9 AND #13

Publication date July 2016 –

 71 12 4
Table 14. Primary Viral illness Search of CINAHL
Table 14. Primary Viral illness Search of CINAHL
Search History Results through 12/2012 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016 Results 7/5/2016 11/18/2022
((MH “Virus Diseases+”) AND (MH “Respiratory Tract Infections”)) OR (MH “Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections”) OR (MH “Respiratory Syncytial Viruses”)
AND
(MH “Intensive Care Units, Neonatal”) OR (MH “Intensive Care, Neonatal”) OR (MH “Infant, Newborn+”)
AND
Limit to english language; exclude MEDLINE records; Published Date-		 71 12 86
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A.2. Primary Study Search Strategies: Varicella

Table 15 Primary Varicella Search of MEDLINE®
Table 15 Primary Varicella Search of MEDLINE
# Search History Results through 12/2012 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016
1 exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ or exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ 10,468 15,068 22,079
2 exp Infant, Newborn/ 440,039 541,022 655,642
3 1 or 2 440,773 542,198 657,262
4 exp Chickenpox/ or exp Herpesvirus 3, Human/ 9,087 11,297 13,218
5 3 and 4 758 893 974
6 exp Infection Control/ 43,472 55,607 69,291
7 exp Cross Infection/ 39,337 51,355 63,616
8 exp Communicable Disease Control/ 207,130 288,187 395,159
9 6 or 7 or 8 236,616 326,701 443,885
10 5 and 9 95 123 156
11 limit 10 to (english language and humans) 79 108 139
12 (201607* OR 201608* OR 201609* OR 201610* OR 201611* OR 201612* OR 2017* OR 2018* OR 2019* OR 2020* OR 2021* OR 2022*).dt – 22 28
Table 16. Primary Varicella Search of EMBASE
Table 16. Primary Varicella Search of EMBASE
# Search History Results through 12/2012 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016
1 Exp newborn intensive care/ or exp newborn/ 434,871 351,852 676,874
2 Exp chickenpox/ or exp varicella zoster virus/ 15,108 16,152 27,589
3 1 and 2 647 538 966
4 Exp infection control/ or exp hospital infection/ or exp cross infection/ 90,076 120,312 184,646
5 3 and 4 29 28 35
6 Limit 5 to (english language and humans) 21 22 27
7 publication dates – 4 1
Table 17. Primary Varicella Search of Cochrane Library
Table 17 Primary Varicella Search of Cochrane Library
# Search History Results through 12/2012 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016
1 MeSH descriptor Intensive Care, Neonatal explode all trees 253 307 139
2 MeSH descriptor Intensive Care Units, Neonatal explode all trees 401 559 95
3 MeSH descriptor Infant, Newborn explode all trees 11,218 14,329 207
4 1 or 2 or 3 11,250 14,370 253
5 MeSH descriptor Cross Infection explode all trees 1,277 1,477 1,392
6 MeSH descriptor Infection Control explode all trees 1,080 1,293 1,631
7 MeSH descriptor Communicable Disease Control explode all trees 3,811 5,096 72
8 5 or 6 or 7 4,796 6,267 1,713
9 4 and 8 366 478 150
10 MeSH descriptor Chickenpox explode all trees 154 139 3
11 MeSH descriptor Herpesvirus 3, Human explode all trees 116 133 10
12 10 or 11 223 226 12
13 9 and 12 6 3 3
14 Limit to 2016-current – 1 3
Table 18. Primary Varicella Search of CINAHL
Table 18. Primary Varicella Search of CINAHL
# Search History Results through 12/2012 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016
1 (MH “Intensive Care, Neonatal+”) or (MH “Intensive Care Units, Neonatal”) 6,428 10,033 19,863
2 (MH “Chickenpox”) or (MH “Herpesviruses+”) 2,160 3,144 8,287
3 MH “Infection Control+” 29,526 42,696 80,711
4 MH “Cross Infection+” 14,160 21,838 34,914
5 MH “Communicable Diseases” 4,254 5,884 12,383
6 3 or 4 or 5 40,673 59,588 112,404
7 MH “Infant, Newborn+” 49,610 66,361 152,560
8 1 or 7 50,951 69,458 157,914
9 2 and 6 and 8 29 37 63
10 Limit to publication dates – 3 13
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A.2. Primary Study Search Strategies: Pertussis

Table 19. Primary Pertussis Search of MEDLINE
Table 19 Primary Pertussis Search of MEDLINE
# Search History Results through 12/2012 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016
1 exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ or exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ 10,468 15,068 22,079
2 exp Infant, Newborn/ 440,039 541,022 655,642
3 1 or 2 440,773 542,198 657,262
4 exp Infection Control/ 43,472 55,607 69,291
5 exp Cross Infection/ 39,337 51,355 63,616
6 exp Communicable Disease Control/ 207,130 288,187 395,159
7 4 or 5 or 6 236,616 326,701 443,885
8 exp Whooping Cough/ 5,724 7,591 8,996
9 exp Bordetella/ or exp Bordetella Infections/ or exp Bordetella pertussis/ 9,661 11,920 13,711
10 8 or 9 9,661- 11,920 13,711
11 3 and 7 and 10 237 362 533
12 limit 11 to (english language and humans) 177 292 450
13 publication year – 93 142
Table 20. Primary Pertussis Search of EMBASE
Table 20 Primary Pertussis Search of EMBASE
# Search History Results through 12/2012 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016
1 Exp newborn intensive care/ or exp newborn/ 434,871 351,852 676,874
2 Exp bordetella pertussis/ or exp pertussis/ 12,291 11,227 22518
3 Exp infection control/ or exp hospital infection/ or exp cross infection/ 90,076 120,312 184,646
4 1 and 2 634 561 1,204
5 3 and 4 41 45 56
6 Limit 5 to (english language and humans) 31 38 44
7 publication year – 7 2
Table 21. Primary Pertussis Search of Cochrane Library
Table 21 Primary Pertussis Search of Cochrane Library
# Search History Results through 12/2012 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016
1 MeSH descriptor Intensive Care, Neonatal explode all trees 253 307 139
2 MeSH descriptor Intensive Care Units, Neonatal explode all trees 401 559 95
3 MeSH descriptor Infant, Newborn explode all trees 11,218 14,329 207
4 1 or 2 or 3 11,250 14,370 253
5 MeSH descriptor Cross Infection explode all trees 1,277 1,477 1,392
6 MeSH descriptor Infection Control explode all trees 1,080 1,293 1,631
7 MeSH descriptor Communicable Disease Control explode all trees 3,811 5,096 72
8 5 or 6 or 7 4,796 6,267 1,713
9 4 and 8 366 478 150
10 MeSH descriptor Bordetella pertussis explode all trees 116 118 5
11 MeSH descriptor Whooping Cough explode all trees 203 221 10
12 MeSH descriptor Bordetella explode all trees 117 119 6
13 MeSH descriptor Bordetella Infections explode all trees 203 221 6
14 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 255 274 12
15 9 and 14 4 8 5
16 Publication Year – 2 3
Table 22. Primary Pertussis Search of CINAHL
Table 22. Primary Pertussis Search of CINAHL
# Search History Results through 12/2012 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016 Results 12/2012 – 7/5/2016
1 (MH “Intensive Care, Neonatal+”) or (MH “Intensive Care Units, Neonatal”) or (MH “Infant, Newborn+”) 50,951 72,510 157,914
2 (MH “Bordetella Pertussis”) or (MH “Whooping Cough”) 707 1,186 2,160
3 MH “Infection Control+” 29,526 42,696 80,711
4 MH “Cross Infection+” 14,160 21,838 34,914
5 MH “Communicable Diseases” 4,254 5,884 12,383
6 3 or 4 or 5 40,673 59,588 112,404
7 1 and 2 and 6 41 77 134
8 Limit 7 to (english language; exclude MEDLINE records) 10 19 37
9 Limit to year – 8 11
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B. Study Exclusion Criteria

Criteria for excluding studies from the literature review are:

  1. Not relevant to key questions
  2. Not primary research
  3. Meeting abstract only
  4. No full text available
  5. Not in English
  6. Not 100% of patients are in NICU, with no subpopulation analysis
  7. Mixed patient population without NICU subgroups or infant location not specified
  8. Methods paper on HAI surveillance only
  9. Studies examining  interventions  of  any kind (single  or  multi-intervention)  unless  they  provide  a  clear  description of  the  interventions  and statistical  analysis  comparing  time points before and after the intervention
  10. N<10 exposed
  11. Studies examining immunizations only
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