Arsine
May 1994
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
CAS number: 7784-42-1
NIOSH REL: 0.002 mg/m3 15-minute CEILING; NIOSH considers arsine to be a potential occupational carcinogen as defined by the OSHA carcinogen policy [29 CFR 1990].
Current OSHA PEL: 0.05 ppm (0.2 mg/m3) TWA
1989 OSHA PEL: Same as current PEL
1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 0.05 ppm (0.16 mg/m3) TWA
Description of substance: Colorless gas with a mild, garlic-like odor.
LEL: 5.1% (10% LEL, 5,100 ppm)
Original (SCP) IDLH: 6 ppm
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by Patty [1963] that 6 to 30 ppm is the maximum concentration that can be inhaled in 1 hour without serious consequences [Henderson and Haggard 1943]. The chosen IDLH falls within the range of 1 to 10 ppm, which AIHA [1965] suggested might be dangerous for a 1-hour exposure [Elkins 1959; Kipling and Fothergill 1964].
Existing short-term exposure: National Research Council [NRC 1984] guidelines Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels (EEGLs):
- 1-hour EEGL: 1.0 ppm
- 24-hour EEGL: 0.1 ppm
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
Lethal concentration data:
| Species | Reference | LC50(ppm) | LCLo(ppm) | Time | Adjusted 0.5-hr LC(CF) | Derived Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rat | Gates et al. 1946 | 120 | ----- | 10 min | 83 ppm (0.69) | 8.3 ppm |
| Mouse | Gates et al. 1946 | 77 | ----- | 10 min | 53 ppm (0.69) | 5.3 ppm |
| Rabbit | Gates et al. 1946 | 201 | ----- | 10 min | 138 ppm (0.69) | 14 ppm |
| Dog | Gates et al. 1946 | 108 | ----- | 10 min | 75 ppm (0.69) | 7.5 ppm |
| Human | Henderson and Haggard 1943 | ----- | 250 | 30 min | 250 ppm (1.0) | 25ppm |
| Human | Tab Biol Per 1933 | ----- | 300 | 5 min | 165 ppm (0.55) | 17 ppm |
| Human | Teitelbaum and Kier 1969 | ----- | 25 | 30 min | 25 ppm (1.0) | 2.5 ppm |
Other animal data: RD50 (mouse), 13 ppm [Peterson and Bhattacharyya 1985].
Other human data: It has been reported that poisoning symptoms occur after a few hours exposure to 3 to 10 ppm [Henderson and Haggard 1943]. It has been suggested that 1 to 10 ppm might be dangerous for a 1 hour exposure [AIHA 1965] and that 6 to 30 ppm is the maximum concentration that can be inhaled in 1 hour without serious consequences [Henderson and Haggard 1943]. It has been estimated that 1,543 ppm for 2 minutes and 62 ppm for 30 minutes are minimal disabling exposures [Gates et al. 1946].
Revised IDLH: 3 ppm |
REFERENCES:
- AIHA [1965]. Arsine. In: Hygienic guide series. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 26:438-441.
- Elkins HB [1959]. Arsenic, As. In: The chemistry of industrial toxicology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 62-65.
- Gates M, Williams J, Zapp JA [1946]. Arsenicals. In: Summary technical report of Division 9, NRDC. Vol. 1. Chemical warfare agents, and related chemical problems. Part 1. Washington, DC: Office of Scientific Research and Development, National Defense Research Committee, pp. 83-114.
- Henderson Y, Haggard HW [1943]. Noxious gases. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, p. 242.
- Kipling MD, Fothergill R [1964]. Arsine poisoning in a slag-washing plant. Br J Ind Med 21:74-77.
- NRC [1984]. Emergency and continuous exposure limits for selected airborne contaminants. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council, pp. 35-40.
- Patty FA, ed. [1963]. Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. II. Toxicology. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., p. 880.
- Peterson DP, Bhattacharyya MH [1985]. Hematological responses to arsine exposure: quantitation of exposure response in mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol 5:499-505.
- Tab Biol Per [1933]; 3:231 (in German).
- Teitelbaum DT, Kier LC [1969]. Arsine poisoning: report of five cases in the petroleum industry and a discussion of the indications for exchange transfusion and hemodialysis. Arch Environ Health 19:133-143.